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74-512: Ely Place / ˈ iː l i / is a gated road of multi-storey terraces at the southern tip of the London Borough of Camden in London, England. It hosts a 1773-rebuilt public house, Ye Olde Mitre , of Tudor origin and is adjacent to Hatton Garden . It is privately managed by its own body of commissioners and beadles . Ely Place sits on the site of the London residence of

148-568: A compost sock . Plants grown in compost socks have been shown to produce significantly more flavonoids , anthocyanins , fructose , glucose , sucrose , malic acid , and citric acid than fruit produced in the black plastic mulch or matted row systems. Similar results in an earlier study conducted by USDA confirms how compost plays a role in the bioactive qualities of two strawberry cultivars. Strawberries may be propagated by seed. Strawberries can be grown indoors in pots. Strawberries will not grow indoors in winter though an experiment using

222-499: A 21 years lease on the estate and spent a sum of the £1,887 5s 8d (equivalent to £679,211 in 2023) on renovations and repairs. The commission declared in June 1577 that Ely Place should stay with Bishop Cox if he could reimburse Sir Christopher Hatton in whole for the outlay but he could not. A new lease was drawn up giving Sir Christopher Hatton control of the property freehold. He gave his name to Hatton Garden which occupies part of

296-540: A body of commissioners for paving, lighting, watching, cleansing and improving Ely Place and Ely Mews, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex . While the commissioners have lost most of their powers to local authorities established under the Metropolis Management Act 1855 ( 18 & 19 Vict. c. 120) and later legislation, they retain their "watching" duties, with a beadle discharging these duties. To

370-429: A borough-wide speed limit of 20 miles per hour (32 km/h), as of 2022, this was expanded to Transport for London red routes . This is to make roads safer for cyclists and pedestrians. 51°32′N 0°10′W  /  51.533°N 0.167°W  / 51.533; -0.167 Strawberry The garden strawberry (or simply strawberry ; Fragaria × ananassa ) is a widely grown hybrid species of

444-479: A characteristic of Camden's children's health services. Her insider's view was corroboration – in addition to the 2001 "Inequalities" report by Director of Public Health Maggie Barker of "stark contrasts in" health and education opportunities – of earlier similar Audit Commission findings and a verification/update of the 1999 CNJ report. The following table shows the ethnic demographics in Camden. The following shows

518-595: A chill snake lurks in the grass", and his imagery was taken up by medieval and early modern writers, the snake beneath the strawberry standing for dangerous literature, or beautiful but unfaithful women, or eventually any risky pleasure. In this vein, Shakespeare 's King Richard III asks for a dish of strawberries while feigning friendship to his enemy; while in Othello , Iago shows Desdemona 's handkerchief "spotted with strawberries", implying she has been unfaithful and hinting at Iago's own devious plans. The strawberry

592-421: A combination of blue and red LED lamps shows that this could be achieved in principle. In Florida , winter is the natural growing season and harvesting begins in mid-November. Nitrogen fertilizer is often needed at the beginning of every planting year. There are normally adequate levels of phosphorus and potash when fields have been fertilized for other crops in preceding years. To provide more organic matter,

666-612: A cover crop of wheat or rye can be planted in the year before planting the strawberries. Strawberries prefer a somewhat acidic pH from 5.5 to 6.5, so lime is usually not required. To achieve top quality, berries are harvested at least every other day. The berries are picked with the caps and a section of the stem still attached. Strawberries need to remain on the plant until fully ripe, because they do not continue to ripen after being picked. The harvesting and cleaning process has not changed substantially over time. As they are delicate, strawberries are still often harvested by hand and packed in

740-535: A longer cropping season and more fruit. During the Green Revolution of the 1950s, agronomists used selective breeding to expand phenotypic diversity of the garden strawberry. Adoption of perpetual flowering hybrids not sensitive to changes in photoperiod gave higher yields and enabled production in California to expand. The phylogeny of the cultivated strawberry within the genus Fragaria of

814-769: A major regeneration of the area has occurred with the King's Cross Central development happening behind the station. London Overground 's North London Line services run through the borough serving Camden Road , Kentish Town West , Gospel Oak , Hampstead Heath , Finchley Road & Frognal and West Hampstead . London Overground also operates the Watford DC Line services from Euston serving South Hampstead , trains continue to Watford in Hertfordshire . Thameslink route services serve St Pancras , Kentish Town and West Hampstead Thameslink stations. Currently

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888-424: A much larger presence of British Transport Police (BTP) than many other London boroughs. BTP are responsible for policing Great Britain's railway network. The area has three fire stations: Euston, Kentish Town and West Hampstead and they are operated by London Fire Brigade in the borough of Camden. None of these fire stations are home to any specialist units; only pumping appliances and a rescue tender. Camden

962-477: A strawberry is an edible fruit. From a botanical point of view, it is not a berry but an aggregate accessory fruit, because the fleshy part is derived from the receptacle . Each apparent seed on the outside of the strawberry is actually an achene , a botanical fruit with a seed inside it. Raw strawberries are 91% water, 8% carbohydrates , 1% protein , and contain negligible fat (table). A reference amount of 100 grams (3.5 oz) supplies 33 kilocalories ,

1036-551: Is oral allergy syndrome , but symptoms may also mimic hay fever or include dermatitis or hives , and, in severe cases, may cause breathing problems. Proteomic studies indicate that the allergen may be tied to a protein for the red anthocyanin biosynthesis expressed in strawberry ripening, named Fra a1 (Fragaria allergen1). White-fruited strawberry cultivars , lacking Fra a1, may be an option for strawberry allergy sufferers. They ripen but remain pale, appearing like immature berries. A virtually allergen-free cultivar named 'Sofar'

1110-470: Is a perennial system of matted rows or mounds which has been used in cold growing regions for many years. In some areas, greenhouses are used; in principle they could provide strawberries during the off season for field crops. In the plasticulture system, raised beds are covered with plastic to prevent weed growth and erosion. Plants are planted through holes punched in this covering. Irrigation tubing can be run underneath if necessary. Another method uses

1184-750: Is a rich source of vitamin C (65% of the Daily Value , DV), and a good source of manganese (17% DV), with no other micronutrients in significant content (table). Strawberries contain a modest amount of essential unsaturated fatty acids in the achene (seed) oil. Garden strawberries contain diverse phytochemicals , including the dimeric ellagitannin agrimoniin, which is an isomer of sanguiin H-6 . Other polyphenols present include flavonoids , such as anthocyanins , flavanols , flavonols and phenolic acids , such as hydroxybenzoic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid . Although achenes comprise only about 1% of

1258-606: Is available. Strawberries are often grouped according to their flowering habit. Traditionally in the Northern Hemisphere, this has consisted of a division between "June-bearing" strawberries, which bear their fruit in the early summer and "ever-bearing" strawberries, which often bear several crops of fruit throughout the season. One plant throughout a season may produce 50 to 60 times or roughly once every three days. Strawberries occur in three basic flowering habits: short-day, long-day, and day-neutral. These describe

1332-803: Is found in Italian, Flemish, and German art, and in English miniatures. In medieval depictions, the strawberry often appears in the Virgin Mary 's garden, while in the Madonna of the Strawberries , she is seated on a strawberry bed and garlanded with strawberry leaves. In the work of the late medieval painter Hieronymus Bosch , strawberries feature in The Garden of Earthly Delights amongst "frolicking male nudes". Fray Jose de Siguenza described

1406-471: Is intended to terminate at Euston Station. The proposed Crossrail 2 line, (originally referred to as the Chelsea–Hackney line) would serve Euston and Tottenham Court Road underground stations. The increase in passengers at Euston as a result of the proposed High Speed 2 services is a major driver of the proposals. The formerly proposed Cross River Tram was going to start in the borough of Camden but

1480-403: Is placed on sugars, acids, and volatile compounds, which improve the taste and fragrance of the ripe fruit. Esters , terpenes , and furans are the chemical compounds having the strongest relationships to strawberry flavour, sweetness and fragrance, with a total of 31 out of some 360 volatile compounds significantly correlated to desirable flavour and fragrance. In breeding strawberries for

1554-509: Is policed by the Metropolitan Police Service . There are two police stations across the borough, situated at Holborn and Kentish Town . There are various other contact points around the borough including West Hampstead, Greenland Road, Highgate Road, Station House (Swiss Cottage), West End Lane , Hampstead Town Hall and Kingsway College. All locations have varying opening hours with Kentish Town Police Station open to

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1628-471: Is served by 18 London Underground stations and 8 of the 11 lines. The three major rail termini are served by two underground stations, Euston and the combined King's Cross St Pancras station. Between them, the termini are served by the Circle , Hammersmith & City , Metropolitan , Northern , Piccadilly and Victoria lines. The Central and Jubilee lines serve other parts of the borough, as does

1702-479: Is the former private chapel of the Bishops of Ely . It is one of two surviving buildings in London from the reign of Edward I (1272–1307) although it was badly damaged during World War II . The 13th-century crypt survived remarkably unscathed and is occasionally used for private functions. St Etheldreda , a seventh-century queen and founding abbess of the monastery at Ely, was the saint in whose name Ely Cathedral

1776-490: Is the home of the British Library . In addition, Camden has numerous libraries which include: As well as a number of community libraries including Keats community library. There are no motorways in the borough, and few stretches of dual carriageway road, but the borough has great strategic transport significance to London, due to presence of three of the capital's most important rail termini, which are lined up along

1850-571: Is the local education authority for the borough, organised through the Children, Schools and Families directorate. Some of London's best universities and teaching institutions are located in the Borough of Camden. They include the main campus of University College London , part of the campus of the London School of Economics near Lincoln's Inn Fields, and Central Saint Martins . Camden

1924-466: The Abercrombie Plan for London (1944). As industry declined during the 1970s the population continued to decline, falling to 161,100 at the start of the 1980s. It has now begun to rise again with new housing developments on brownfield sites and the release of railway and gas work lands around Kings Cross . A 2017 study found that the eviction rate of 6 per 1,000 renting households in Camden is

1998-483: The Bishops of Ely , who regularly lived there between 1290 to 1772. The bishop's palace and surrounding land was then sold and redeveloped into Ely Place, with only the bishop's medieval chapel being preserved. Ely Place stands on land that had been the site of Ely Palace or Ely House , the London townhouse of the Bishops of Ely from 1290 to 1772. Land in the Holborn area was bought by John de Kirkby in 1280. He

2072-492: The Elizabeth line . As well as the two major termini stations, the borough's other stations are: Euston Square , Warren Street , Goodge Street , Tottenham Court Road , Holborn , Russell Square , Chancery Lane , Mornington Crescent , Camden Town , Chalk Farm , Belsize Park , Hampstead , West Hampstead , Finchley Road , Swiss Cottage and Kentish Town . The proposed High Speed 2 railway line to northern England

2146-567: The Euston Road . The position of the railway termini on Euston Road, rather than in a more central position further south, is a result of the influential recommendations of the 1846 Royal Commission on Metropolitan Railway Termini that sought to protect the West End districts a short distance south of the road. Three of the fourteen central London's railway terminals are located in the borough. Euston , St Pancras and Kings Cross are

2220-888: The Rosaceae family was determined by chloroplast genomics in 2021. The polyploidy (number of sets of chromosomes ) is shown as "2N" etc. by each species. Rosa and other genera [REDACTED] Potentilla (cinquefoils) [REDACTED] at least 11 other species F. viridis 2N (green strawberry) [REDACTED] F. orientalis 4N (eastern strawberry) [REDACTED] F. moschata 6N (musk strawberry) [REDACTED] F. mandshurica F. vesca ssp. vesca 2N (wild strawberry) [REDACTED] F. vesca ssp. bracteata 2N F. virginiana 8N (Virginia strawberry, parent species) [REDACTED] F. chiloensis 8N (Chilean strawberry, parent species) [REDACTED] F. x ananassa 8N (the hybrid garden strawberry) [REDACTED] In culinary terms,

2294-467: The Bishop of Ely. Ormond was poisoned along with his steward and 16 of his household, it was widely assumed, at the instructions of St Leger. The estate was granted to Sir Christopher Hatton in 1577 after a commission was set up by Queen Elizabeth I, headed by John Aylmer (Bishop of London) to investigate the claims that Sir Christopher Hatton should be granted the freehold of the land after he acquired

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2368-583: The Keens Imperial cultivar from many hybrids, winning the Royal Horticultural Society 's Silver Cup. Both the names 'pine' and 'ananassa' meant "pineapple", for the fruit's flavour. Modern strawberries and both parent species are octoploid (8N, meaning they have 8 sets of 7 chromosomes ). The genome sequence of the garden strawberry was published in 2019. Further breeding in the following centuries produced varieties with

2442-626: The London termini for the West Coast , Midland and East Coast Main Lines and also High Speed 1 . This connects the borough with the East of England , East Midlands , West Midlands , North East & West England, North Wales, Scotland, South East England , France , Belgium and the Netherlands . Since 14 November 2007 when St Pancras International became the new terminus of Eurostar ,

2516-677: The N1, N6, N7, N19, NW1, NW2, NW3, NW5, NW6, NW8, EC1, WC1, WC2, W1 and W9 postcode areas. For planning policy purposes, the London Plan places Camden in the 'Central London' group of boroughs. The local authority is Camden Council, which meets at Camden Town Hall (formerly St Pancras Town Hall) in Judd Street in St Pancras , and has its headquarters at 5 Panrcas Square. Borough councillors are elected every four years. Since May 2022

2590-711: The Thameslink network is undergoing a major expansion project called the Thameslink Programme . This will link more places in Southern England to the borough and to the East of England. While some services on the Great Northern network, which currently terminate at King's Cross will be diverted onto the Thameslink network, all work is due to be complete by 2016. The London Borough of Camden

2664-496: The United Kingdom . In 1801, the civil parishes that form the modern borough were already developed and had a total population of 96,795. This continued to rise swiftly throughout the 19th century as the district became built up, reaching 270,197 in the middle of the century. When the railways arrived the rate of population growth slowed, for while many people were drawn in by new employment, others were made homeless by

2738-487: The United Kingdom, strawberries and cream is a popular dessert at the Wimbledon tennis tournament. Desserts using strawberries include pavlova , fraisier , and strawberry shortcake . The Roman poet Ovid wrote that in the past Golden Age, people had lived on wild fruits such as mountain strawberries. Virgil wrote in his Eclogues that "Ye who cull flowers and low-growing strawberries, / Away from here lads;

2812-565: The commercial market in the United States, the volatile compounds methyl anthranilate and gamma-decalactone , prominent in aromatic wild strawberries, are especially desired for their "sweet and fruity" aroma characteristics. As strawberry flavour and fragrance appeal to consumers, they are used widely in manufacturing, including foods, beverages, perfumes and cosmetics. Some people experience an anaphylactoid reaction to eating strawberries. The most common form of this reaction

2886-483: The core area of Fitzrovia and a part of Highgate . In the south, the old Borough of Holborn was formed from the combined parish of Bloomsbury and St Giles , and most of the parish of Holborn (with the remaining part in the ancient Farringdon Without ward of the City of London ). The economy and land uses of the West End and other southern parts of the borough reflect their more central location. Camden has

2960-720: The county of Middlesex . From 1856 the area was governed by the Metropolitan Board of Works , which was established to provide services across the metropolis of London. In 1889 the Metropolitan Board of Works' area was made the County of London . From 1856 until 1900 the lower tier of local government within the metropolis comprised various parish vestries and district boards . The ancient parishes of Hampstead and St Pancras were each governed by their vestry . The various smaller parishes and territories to

3034-428: The day-length sensitivity of the plant and the type of photoperiod that induces flower formation. Day-neutral cultivars produce flowers regardless of the photoperiod. Strawberry cultivars vary widely in size, colour, flavour, shape, degree of fertility, season of ripening, liability to disease and constitution of plant. In 2022, world production of strawberries was 9.6   million tonnes , led by China with 35% of

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3108-548: The east is Farringdon Road and to the south is Holborn Circus . To the north is a gate leading to Bleeding Heart Yard . The nearest underground stations are Farringdon to the northeast and Chancery Lane to the west. London Borough of Camden The London Borough of Camden ( / ˈ k æ m d ə n / ) is a borough in Inner London , England. Camden Town Hall, on Euston Road, lies 1.4 mi (2.3 km) north of Charing Cross . The borough

3182-587: The electoral wards in Camden are: Since 2000, Camden forms part of the Barnet and Camden London Assembly constituency, represented by Anne Clarke of the Labour Party. There are two parliamentary constituencies covering Camden: Hampstead and Kilburn in the north, represented by Labour's Tulip Siddiq , and Holborn and St. Pancras in the south, represented by Keir Starmer , the Prime Minister of

3256-425: The ephemerality of earthly joys, or the benefit that blessed souls get from religion, or to allegorize death and resurrection; by the late 20th century, it had come to symbolize female sexuality. In Europe, until the 17th century cultivated plants were obtained by transplanting strawberries from the forests; the plants were propagated asexually by pegging down the runners , allowing them to root, and then separating

3330-554: The field. Strawberries are popular in home gardens, and numerous cultivars have been selected for consumption and for exhibition purposes. The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit : Around 200 species of pest arthropods attack strawberries. These include moths , fruit flies , chafers, strawberry root weevils, strawberry thrips, strawberry sap beetles, strawberry crown moth, mites , and aphids . Non-arthropod pests include slugs. Some are vectors of plant diseases; for instance,

3404-449: The genus Fragaria in the rose family, Rosaceae , collectively known as the strawberries, which are cultivated worldwide for their fruit . This is appreciated for its aroma, bright red colour, juicy texture, and sweetness. It is eaten either fresh or in prepared foods such as jam , juice , pies , ice cream , milkshakes , and chocolates . Artificial strawberry flavourings and aromas are widely used in commercial products. Botanically,

3478-544: The less densely developed areas of Hampstead , Hampstead Heath and Kentish Town. There are a number of Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Camden . Neighbouring boroughs are the City of Westminster and the City of London to the south, Brent to the west of the originally Roman Watling Street (now the A5 Road) , Barnet and Haringey to the north and Islington to the east. It covers all or part of

3552-529: The lowest rate in London. The 2001 census gave Camden a population of 198,000, an undercount that was later revised to 202,600. The latest ONS projection puts the 2019 population at 270,000. On 20 May 1999, the Camden New Journal newspaper documented 'Two Camdens' syndrome as a high-profile phenomenon differentiating the characteristics of education services in its constituencies. In 2006, Dame Julia Neuberger's book reported similar variation as

3626-472: The naming of the new boroughs suggested that the chosen name should be short and simple, and ideally one that was generally associated with the centre of the new Borough. The name "Camden" met those criteria. The name "Camden Town" was derived from Camden Place, the seat of Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden who had owned and developed land in the area in the 1790s. The transcribed diaries of William Copeland Astbury, recently made available, describe Camden and

3700-472: The new central London termini and construction of lines through the district. The population peaked at 376,500 in the 1890s, after which official efforts began to clear the overcrowded slums around St Pancras and Holborn . After World War II , further suburban public housing was built to rehouse the many Londoners made homeless in the Blitz , and there was an exodus from London towards the new towns under

3774-600: The new plants. F. virginiana , the Virginia strawberry, was brought to Europe from eastern North America; F. chiloensis , the Chilean strawberry, was brought from Chile by Amédée-François Frézier in 1714. At first introduction to Europe, the Chilean strawberry plants grew vigorously, but produced no fruit. French gardeners in Brittany in the 1750s noticed that the Chilean plants bore only female flowers. They planted

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3848-518: The north. Well known attractions include The British Museum , The British Library , the famous views from Parliament Hill , the London Zoo , the BT Tower , the converted Roundhouse entertainment venue, and Camden Market . As of 2021 it has a population of 210,136. Politically, its local authority is Camden London Borough Council . The area of the modern borough had historically been part of

3922-416: The painting as embodying the strawberry as a symbol of the ephemerality of earthly joys. Modern scholars have seen the symbolism entirely differently: Clement Wertheim-Aymes believed it meant the blessed souls' benefit from religion; Pater Gerlach supposed it meant spiritual love; and Laurinda Dixon asserted it was part of an allegory of death and resurrection. By the late 20th century, the strawberry (and

3996-572: The public on a 24-hour basis. Hampstead Heath , situated within the London Borough of Camden and managed by the City of London Corporation , has its own Constabulary who deal with everyday incidents on the Heath, however, all serious criminal offences are passed to the Metropolitan Police to investigate. With a large London Underground network and major railway stations such as King's Cross , St Pancras and Euston , Camden also has

4070-489: The religious identity of residents residing in Camden according to the 2001, 2011 and the 2021 censuses. London is well known for its greenery and the Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Camden make an important contribution to this. Hampstead Heath is well known for its view over London, notably from Parliament Hill, its wild nature and its Hampstead Heath Ponds . Camden shares Regents Park with Westminster and

4144-563: The seventh largest economy in the UK with a number of major companies headquartered in the borough; Google is in the process of completing a major headquarter building in King's Cross. Camden Town Brewery is among the newer businesses that have thrived in the borough. In the far south of the borough, Lincoln's Inn Fields is within 500 metres of the Thames. The northern part of the borough includes

4218-649: The site. The house passed to Elizabeth Hatton , who disputed her property with her second husband Edward Coke . In 1622, the Spanish ambassador Gondomar told King James that she refused him and Coke access to the house. The estate was sold to the Crown in 1772. The cul-de-sac was constructed in 1772 by Robert Taylor . Edmund Keene as Bishop of Ely commissioned a new Ely House, also built by Taylor, on Dover Street , Mayfair. St Etheldreda's Church in Ely Place

4292-692: The south were grouped into the St Giles District and Holborn District , each governed by a district board. In 1900 the lower tier was reorganised into metropolitan boroughs , including the Metropolitan Borough of Hampstead , the Metropolitan Borough of St Pancras (each covering the parish of the same name) and the Metropolitan Borough of Holborn , covering the combined area of the former St Giles District and Holborn District (subject to some boundary adjustments with neighbours on its south-eastern edges). The London borough of Camden

4366-1008: The strawberry aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii , can carry the strawberry mild yellow-edge virus . Strawberry plants are subject to many diseases, especially when subjected to stress. The leaves may be infected by powdery mildew , leaf spot (caused by the fungus Sphaerella fragariae ), leaf blight (caused by the fungus Phomopsis obscurans ), and by a variety of slime molds . The crown and roots may fall victim to red stele, verticillium wilt, black root rot , and nematodes . The fruits are subject to damage from gray mold ( Botrytis cinerea ), rhizopus rot, and leather rot. The NPR1 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana , AtNPR1 , confers A. thaliana ' s broad-spectrum resistance when transexpressed in F. ananassa . This includes resistance to anthracnose, powdery mildew, and angular leaf spot. A 1997 study found that many wound volatiles were effective against gray mold ( B. cinerea ). Both Tribute and Chandler varieties benefited from

4440-461: The strawberry is not a berry but an aggregate accessory fruit; each apparent 'seed' on the outside of the strawberry is actually an achene , a botanical fruit with a seed inside it. The garden strawberry was first bred in Brittany , France, in the 1750s via a cross of F. virginiana from eastern North America and F. chiloensis , which was brought from Chile by Amédée-François Frézier in 1714. Cultivars of F. × ananassa have replaced

4514-525: The surrounding areas in great detail from 1829 to 1848. There are 162 English Heritage blue plaques in the borough of Camden representing the many diverse personalities that have lived there. The area of the old parish and borough of Hampstead in the north-west includes Belsize Park and part of Kilburn . The old parish and borough of St Pancras , which occupies most of the modern borough, includes Camden Town , Kentish Town , Gospel Oak , Somers Town , King's Cross , Chalk Farm , Dartmouth Park ,

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4588-559: The time, the name "Camden" was the idea of Alderman Room, the Leader of Hampstead Council, and Mr Wilson, the Town Clerk, while travelling in a taxi through Camden Town . The name "Fleet" had also been suggested, after the underground river that flowed through the three boroughs, but that was rejected as the river was little more than a sewer. Other suggestions included "Penhamborn", 'Bornhamcras" and "Hohampion". Government guidelines for

4662-583: The total and the United States and Turkey as other significant producers. Due to the relatively fragile nature of the strawberry, approximately 35 percent of the $ 2.2   billion United States crop was spoiled in 2020. An Idaho company announced plans to launch more durable gene-edited strawberries. In the U.S., as of 2021 , it cost growers around $ 35,000 per acre to plant and $ 35,000 per acre to harvest strawberries. For commercial production, plants can be propagated from bare root plants or plugs. One method of cultivation uses annual plasticulture ; another

4736-559: The total fresh weight of a strawberry, they contribute 11% of all polyphenols in the whole fruit; achene phytochemicals include ellagic acid , ellagic acid glycosides , and ellagitannins. Pelargonidin-3-glucoside is the major anthocyanin pigment in strawberries, giving them their red colour, with cyanidin-3-glucoside in smaller amounts. Strawberries also contain purple minor pigments, such as dimeric anthocyanins. Sweetness, fragrance and complex flavour are important attributes of strawberries. In plant breeding and farming, emphasis

4810-421: The treatments, although the effects vary widely with substance and variety. Strawberry plants metabolize these volatiles, more rapidly than do either blackberry or grape . Strawberries were eaten fresh with cream in the time of Thomas Wolsey in the court of King Henry VIII . Strawberries can be frozen or made into jam or preserves , as well as dried and used in prepared foods, such as cereal bars. In

4884-521: The views from Primrose Hill are famous. The Borough of Camden is home to a large number of primary, secondary and tertiary institutions. Over recent years, a number of significant institutions have moved into the borough or are planning to do so. The included Central Saint Martins , the Francis Crick Institute , as well as the planned move by Moorfields Eye Hospital , recently unveiled as Project Oriel. The London Borough of Camden

4958-652: The wild woodland strawberry F. vesca among the Chilean plants to provide pollen; the Chilean strawberry plants then bore abundant fruits. In 1766, Antoine Nicolas Duchesne , in the gardens of the Palace of Versailles , France, found that F. ananassa was a hybrid of the recently arrived F. chiloensis and F. virginiana . In 1759, Philip Miller recorded the 'pine strawberry' ( F. ananassa ) in Chelsea, England . In 1806, also in England, Michael Keens of Isleworth selected

5032-531: The woodland strawberry F. vesca in commercial production. In 2022, world production of strawberries exceeded nine million tons, led by China with 35% of the total. Strawberries have appeared in literature and art from Roman times; Virgil wrote about the snake lurking beneath the strawberry, an image reinterpreted by later writers including Shakespeare . Strawberries appear in Italian, Flemish, and German paintings, including Hieronymus Bosch 's The Garden of Earthly Delights . It has been understood to symbolize

5106-576: Was appointed Bishop of Ely in 1286 and on his death in 1290, he left the estate to the see of Ely. In medieval times, bishops of Ely frequently held high state office requiring them to live in London; Ely Palace was the bishop's official residence. References to Ely Palace grounds occur in Shakespeare ’s plays. It was at the house that in King Richard II , the Bard had John of Gaunt – who

5180-471: Was created in 1965 under the London Government Act 1963 . It covered the combined area of the three metropolitan boroughs of Hampstead, Holborn, and St Pancras, which were all abolished. The initial Herbert Commission report recommended that the new borough consist of St Pancras and Hampstead, but Holborn was later added. According to Enid Wistrich, who was a member of Hampstead Council at

5254-547: Was dedicated. The gardens of St Etheldreda were said to produce the finest strawberries in London and a Strawberry Fayre is held here every June. In Shakespeare ’s Richard III , Gloucester tells the Bishop of Ely: " My Lord of Ely, when I was last in Holborn, I saw good strawberries in your garden there. I do beseech you, send for some of them ". In 1842 a local act of Parliament , the Ely Place and Ely Mews Improvement Act 1842 ( 5 & 6 Vict. c.xlviii), established

5328-450: Was established on 1 April 1965 from the former metropolitan boroughs of Holborn , St Pancras and Hampstead . To the south it shares with the City of Westminster parts of the West End , where it also borders the City of London . The cultural and commercial land uses in the south contrast with the bustling mixed-use districts such as Camden Town and Kentish Town in the centre and leafy residential areas around Hampstead Heath in

5402-446: Was living there in 1382 – says his "This royal throne of Kings, this sceptre’d isle" speech. On 17 October 1546, James Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond , was visiting London with his household. Butler, a powerful Munster landowner who had served in the household of Cardinal Wolsey in his youth, had crossed Sir Anthony St Leger , the quarrelsome Lord Deputy of Ireland . Butler and his entourage were invited to dine at Ely Palace as guests of

5476-756: Was scrapped by the former Mayor of London Boris Johnson in 2008. All bus services are operated by Transport for London . Buses serve every suburb in the borough. The 2011 census found that the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were: underground, metro, light rail, tram, 21.5% of all residents aged 16–74; on foot, 9.2%; bus, minibus or coach, 9.2%; driving a car or van, 6.3%; work mainly at or from home, 5.2%; train, 4.1%; bicycle, 4.1%. The census also found that 61% of households had no car, 32% had one car and 7% of households had 2 or more cars. There were an estimated 46,000 cars belonging to Camden residents. "Camden Borough Profile" (PDF) . From 16 December 2013, Camden Council introduced

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