69-534: For other uses, see Elias (disambiguation) . [REDACTED] Elias on Mount Horeb , as depicted in a Greek Orthodox icon . Elias ( / ɪ ˈ l aɪ ə s / il- EYE -əs ; Ancient Greek : Ἠλίας , romanized : Elías ) is the hellenized version for the name of Elijah ( Hebrew : אֵלִיָּהוּ , romanized : ʾĒlīyyāhū ; Syriac : ܐܠܝܐ , romanized : Elyāe ; Arabic : إلیاس , romanized : Ilyās , or إلیا , Ilyā ),
138-465: A de facto official language of Namibia after the end of German colonial rule alongside English and Afrikaans , and had de jure co-official status from 1984 until its independence from South Africa in 1990. However, the Namibian government perceived Afrikaans and German as symbols of apartheid and colonialism, and decided English would be the sole official language upon independence, stating that it
207-402: A second language , and 75–100 million as a foreign language . This would imply the existence of approximately 175–220 million German speakers worldwide. German sociolinguist Ulrich Ammon estimated a number of 289 million German foreign language speakers without clarifying the criteria by which he classified a speaker. As of 2012 , about 90 million people, or 16% of
276-612: A "commonly used" language and the Pan South African Language Board is obligated to promote and ensure respect for it. Cameroon was also a colony of the German Empire from the same period (1884 to 1916). However, German was replaced by French and English, the languages of the two successor colonial powers, after its loss in World War I . Nevertheless, since the 21st century, German has become
345-559: A greater need for regularity in written conventions. While the major changes of the MHG period were socio-cultural, High German was still undergoing significant linguistic changes in syntax, phonetics, and morphology as well (e.g. diphthongization of certain vowel sounds: hus (OHG & MHG "house") → haus (regionally in later MHG)→ Haus (NHG), and weakening of unstressed short vowels to schwa [ə]: taga (OHG "days")→ tage (MHG)). A great wealth of texts survives from
414-408: A main character from José Rizal 's patriotic novel " Noli Me Tángere " Elias Carstairs, a character from Cassandra Clare 's " The Infernal Devices " prequel to " The Mortal Instruments " Elias Walker, fictional character in the 2013 video game Call of Duty: Ghosts Dr. Elias Huer, fictional character from "Buck Rogers in the 25th Century" (1979) Elias "Blitz" Kötz, fictional character in
483-458: A native tongue today, mostly descendants of German colonial settlers . The period of German colonialism in Namibia also led to the evolution of a Standard German-based pidgin language called " Namibian Black German ", which became a second language for parts of the indigenous population. Although it is nearly extinct today, some older Namibians still have some knowledge of it. German remained
552-696: A popular foreign language among pupils and students, with 300,000 people learning or speaking German in Cameroon in 2010 and over 230,000 in 2020. Today Cameroon is one of the African countries outside Namibia with the highest number of people learning German. In the United States, German is the fifth most spoken language in terms of native and second language speakers after English, Spanish , French , and Chinese (with figures for Cantonese and Mandarin combined), with over 1 million total speakers. In
621-1988: A prophet in the Northern Kingdom of Israel in the 9th century BC, mentioned in several holy books. Due to Elias' role in the scriptures and to many later associated traditions, the name is used as a personal name in numerous languages. Variants [ edit ] Éilias Irish Elia Italian , English Elias Norwegian Elías Icelandic Éliás Hungarian Elías Spanish Eliáš, Elijáš Czech Elijah, Elia, Ilyas, Elias Indonesian Elias, Eelis, Eljas Finnish Elias Danish , German , Swedish Elias Portuguese Elias, Iliya ( ایلیا ,الیاس ) Persian Elias, Elis Swedish Elias, Elyas Ethiopian Elias, Elyas Philippines Eliasz Polish Élie French Elija Slovene Elijah English , Hebrew Elis Welsh Elisedd Welsh Eliya (එලියා) Sinhala Eliyas (Ілияс) Kazakh Eliyahu, Eliya (אֵלִיָּהוּ, אליה) Biblical Hebrew , Hebrew Elyās, Ilyās, Eliya ( إیلیا , إلیاس ) Arabic Elliot, Elliott English Ellis English , Welsh ( anglicised ) Helias Ecclesiastical Latin Ilia (Илия) Bulgarian , Church Slavonic , Macedonian , Russian Ilia (ილია) Georgian Ilias (Ηλίας) Koine Greek , Modern Greek Ilie Romanian Ilija (Илија) Croatian , Macedonian , Serbian Ilja German Iljo (Иљо) Macedonian Iliya (Илия) Bulgarian Illés Hungarian Illia (Ілля) Ukrainian Ilya (Илья) Russian İlyas Turkish Ilyos Uzbek Ilias/Ilyas/Elias/Elyas/Alias/Alyas Malay Líggjas Faroese Yeghia (Եղիա) Armenian 埃利亚斯 (āi lì yǎ sī) Chinese Feminized variants [ edit ] Iliana (Илиана) Bulgarian Ilina (Илина) Bulgarian , Macedonian Ilinca Romanian Ilinka (Илинка) Croatian , Macedonian , Serbian Eliana, Iliana Greek Éliane French People with
690-483: A result, the surviving texts are written in highly disparate regional dialects and exhibit significant Latin influence, particularly in vocabulary. At this point monasteries, where most written works were produced, were dominated by Latin, and German saw only occasional use in official and ecclesiastical writing. While there is no complete agreement over the dates of the Middle High German (MHG) period, it
759-601: Is a recognized minority language in the following countries: In France, the High German varieties of Alsatian and Moselle Franconian are identified as " regional languages ", but the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages of 1998 has not yet been ratified by the government. Namibia also was a colony of the German Empire, from 1884 to 1915. About 30,000 people still speak German as
SECTION 10
#1732765801392828-612: Is also notable for its broad spectrum of dialects , with many varieties existing in Europe and other parts of the world. Some of these non-standard varieties have become recognized and protected by regional or national governments. Since 2004, heads of state of the German-speaking countries have met every year, and the Council for German Orthography has been the main international body regulating German orthography . German
897-558: Is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Germanic group of the Germanic languages . The Germanic languages are traditionally subdivided into three branches: North Germanic , East Germanic , and West Germanic . The first of these branches survives in modern Danish , Swedish , Norwegian , Faroese , and Icelandic , all of which are descended from Old Norse . The East Germanic languages are now extinct, and Gothic
966-478: Is called the "German Sprachraum ". German is the official language of the following countries: German is a co-official language of the following countries: Although expulsions and (forced) assimilation after the two World wars greatly diminished them, minority communities of mostly bilingual German native speakers exist in areas both adjacent to and detached from the Sprachraum. Within Europe, German
1035-430: Is complicated by the existence of several varieties whose status as separate "languages" or "dialects" is disputed for political and linguistic reasons, including quantitatively strong varieties like certain forms of Alemannic and Low German . With the inclusion or exclusion of certain varieties, it is estimated that approximately 90–95 million people speak German as a first language , 10–25 million speak it as
1104-594: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Elias (disambiguation) Elias is a given name and surname, the Greek and Latin form of Elijah. Elias may also refer to: German language German (German: Deutsch , pronounced [dɔʏtʃ] ) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family , mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe . It
1173-535: Is generally seen as ending when the 1346–53 Black Death decimated Europe's population. Modern High German begins with the Early New High German (ENHG) period, which Wilhelm Scherer dates 1350–1650, terminating with the end of the Thirty Years' War . This period saw the further displacement of Latin by German as the primary language of courtly proceedings and, increasingly, of literature in
1242-611: Is generally seen as lasting from 1050 to 1350. This was a period of significant expansion of the geographical territory occupied by Germanic tribes, and consequently of the number of German speakers. Whereas during the Old High German period the Germanic tribes extended only as far east as the Elbe and Saale rivers, the MHG period saw a number of these tribes expanding beyond this eastern boundary into Slavic territory (known as
1311-565: Is less closely related to languages based on Low Franconian dialects (e.g., Dutch and Afrikaans), Low German or Low Saxon dialects (spoken in northern Germany and southern Denmark ), neither of which underwent the High German consonant shift. As has been noted, the former of these dialect types is Istvaeonic and the latter Ingvaeonic, whereas the High German dialects are all Irminonic; the differences between these languages and standard German are therefore considerable. Also related to German are
1380-435: Is one of the major languages of the world . German is the second-most widely spoken Germanic language , after English, both as a first and as a second language . German is also widely taught as a foreign language , especially in continental Europe (where it is the third most taught foreign language after English and French), and in the United States. Overall, German is the fourth most commonly learned second language, and
1449-597: Is one of the three biggest newspapers in Namibia and the only German-language daily in Africa. An estimated 12,000 people speak German or a German variety as a first language in South Africa, mostly originating from different waves of immigration during the 19th and 20th centuries. One of the largest communities consists of the speakers of "Nataler Deutsch", a variety of Low German concentrated in and around Wartburg . The South African constitution identifies German as
SECTION 20
#17327658013921518-401: Is partly derived from Latin and Greek , along with fewer words borrowed from French and Modern English . English, however, is the main source of more recent loanwords . German is a pluricentric language ; the three standardized variants are German , Austrian , and Swiss Standard German . Standard German is sometimes called High German , which refers to its regional origin. German
1587-525: Is the Sachsenspiegel , the first book of laws written in Middle Low German ( c. 1220 ). The abundance and especially the secular character of the literature of the MHG period demonstrate the beginnings of a standardized written form of German, as well as the desire of poets and authors to be understood by individuals on supra-dialectal terms. The Middle High German period
1656-776: Is the most spoken native language within the European Union . It is the most widely spoken and official (or co-official) language in Germany , Austria , Switzerland , Liechtenstein , and the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol . It is also an official language of Luxembourg , Belgium and the Italian autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia , as well as a recognized national language in Namibia . There are also notable German-speaking communities in France ( Alsace ),
1725-578: Is the only language in this branch which survives in written texts. The West Germanic languages, however, have undergone extensive dialectal subdivision and are now represented in modern languages such as English, German, Dutch , Yiddish , Afrikaans , and others. Within the West Germanic language dialect continuum, the Benrath and Uerdingen lines (running through Düsseldorf - Benrath and Krefeld - Uerdingen , respectively) serve to distinguish
1794-485: Is understood in all areas where German is spoken. Approximate distribution of native German speakers (assuming a rounded total of 95 million) worldwide: As a result of the German diaspora , as well as the popularity of German taught as a foreign language , the geographical distribution of German speakers (or "Germanophones") spans all inhabited continents. However, an exact, global number of native German speakers
1863-689: The Ostsiedlung ). With the increasing wealth and geographic spread of the Germanic groups came greater use of German in the courts of nobles as the standard language of official proceedings and literature. A clear example of this is the mittelhochdeutsche Dichtersprache employed in the Hohenstaufen court in Swabia as a standardized supra-dialectal written language. While these efforts were still regionally bound, German began to be used in place of Latin for certain official purposes, leading to
1932-639: The Alamanni , Bavarian, and Thuringian groups, all belonging to the Elbe Germanic group ( Irminones ), which had settled in what is now southern-central Germany and Austria between the second and sixth centuries, during the great migration. In general, the surviving texts of Old High German (OHG) show a wide range of dialectal diversity with very little written uniformity. The early written tradition of OHG survived mostly through monasteries and scriptoria as local translations of Latin originals; as
2001-568: The Czech Republic ( North Bohemia ), Poland ( Upper Silesia ), Slovakia ( Košice Region , Spiš , and Hauerland ), Denmark ( North Schleswig ), Romania and Hungary ( Sopron ). Overseas, sizeable communities of German-speakers are found in Brazil ( Blumenau and Pomerode ), South Africa ( Kroondal ), Namibia , among others, some communities have decidedly Austrian German or Swiss German characters (e.g. Pozuzo , Peru). German
2070-537: The Early Middle Ages . German is an inflected language , with four cases for nouns, pronouns, and adjectives (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative); three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and two numbers (singular, plural). It has strong and weak verbs . The majority of its vocabulary derives from the ancient Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family, while a smaller share
2139-417: The European Union 's population, spoke German as their mother tongue, making it the second most widely spoken language on the continent after Russian and the second biggest language in terms of overall speakers (after English), as well as the most spoken native language. The area in central Europe where the majority of the population speaks German as a first language and has German as a (co-)official language
Elias - Misplaced Pages Continue
2208-522: The German states . While these states were still part of the Holy Roman Empire , and far from any form of unification, the desire for a cohesive written language that would be understandable across the many German-speaking principalities and kingdoms was stronger than ever. As a spoken language German remained highly fractured throughout this period, with a vast number of often mutually incomprehensible regional dialects being spoken throughout
2277-746: The Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I , and the other being Meißner Deutsch , used in the Electorate of Saxony in the Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg . Alongside these courtly written standards, the invention of the printing press led to the development of a number of printers' languages ( Druckersprachen ) aimed at making printed material readable and understandable across as many diverse dialects of German as possible. The greater ease of production and increased availability of written texts brought about increased standardisation in
2346-666: The Old High German language in several Elder Futhark inscriptions from as early as the sixth century AD (such as the Pforzen buckle ), the Old High German period is generally seen as beginning with the Abrogans (written c. 765–775 ), a Latin-German glossary supplying over 3,000 Old High German words with their Latin equivalents. After the Abrogans , the first coherent works written in Old High German appear in
2415-676: The Sprachraum in Europe. German is used in a wide variety of spheres throughout the country, especially in business, tourism, and public signage, as well as in education, churches (most notably the German-speaking Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (GELK) ), other cultural spheres such as music, and media (such as German language radio programs by the Namibian Broadcasting Corporation ). The Allgemeine Zeitung
2484-550: The Standard German language in its written form, and the Duden Handbook was declared its standard definition. Punctuation and compound spelling (joined or isolated compounds) were not standardized in the process. The Deutsche Bühnensprache ( lit. ' German stage language ' ) by Theodor Siebs had established conventions for German pronunciation in theatres , three years earlier; however, this
2553-513: The Upper German dialects spoken in the southern German-speaking countries , such as Swiss German ( Alemannic dialects ) and the various Germanic dialects spoken in the French region of Grand Est , such as Alsatian (mainly Alemannic, but also Central–and Upper Franconian dialects) and Lorraine Franconian (Central Franconian). After these High German dialects, standard German
2622-469: The pagan Germanic tradition. Of particular interest to scholars, however, has been the Hildebrandslied , a secular epic poem telling the tale of an estranged father and son unknowingly meeting each other in battle. Linguistically, this text is highly interesting due to the mixed use of Old Saxon and Old High German dialects in its composition. The written works of this period stem mainly from
2691-520: The 1986 film Platoon Elias, fictional character in Panel de Pon Elias Ryker, fictional character in Richard K. Morgan's novel, Altered Carbon Elias Taylor, fictional character in V (1983 miniseries) Elias "Eli" Thompson, fictional character in the television series Boardwalk Empire Elijah "Eli" Goldsworthy , fictional character from Degrassi: The Next Generation Elías,
2760-738: The 2015 video game Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege Elias Venturius, one of the two protagonists of the Sabaa Tahir novel An Ember in the Ashes Elias Rahim, fiction character in the television series The OA Elias Bouchard, the Head of the Magnus Institute in horror fiction podcast The Magnus Archives Elias, fictional character from the 2015 comedy film Men & Chicken Elias Ainsworth fictional character from The Ancient Magus' Bride People with
2829-669: The Civil War era Elias Zerhouni (born 1951), Algerian-born American doctor Elias Zoghby (1912–2008), Lebanese archbishop Fictional characters with the given name [ edit ] Elias Acorn, Prince and later King of the Kingdom of Acorn in Sonic the Hedgehog by Archie ; he is the older brother of Sally Acorn. Elias , a prominent gangster whose goals lead him to both conflict and work with (directly and indirectly) in
Elias - Misplaced Pages Continue
2898-723: The Empire. Its use indicated that the speaker was a merchant or someone from an urban area, regardless of nationality. Prague (German: Prag ) and Budapest ( Buda , German: Ofen ), to name two examples, were gradually Germanized in the years after their incorporation into the Habsburg domain; others, like Pressburg ( Pozsony , now Bratislava), were originally settled during the Habsburg period and were primarily German at that time. Prague, Budapest, Bratislava, and cities like Zagreb (German: Agram ) or Ljubljana (German: Laibach ), contained significant German minorities. In
2967-748: The Frisian languages— North Frisian (spoken in Nordfriesland ), Saterland Frisian (spoken in Saterland ), and West Frisian (spoken in Friesland )—as well as the Anglic languages of English and Scots. These Anglo-Frisian dialects did not take part in the High German consonant shift, and the Anglic languages also adopted much vocabulary from both Old Norse and the Norman language . The history of
3036-536: The German language begins with the High German consonant shift during the Migration Period , which separated Old High German dialects from Old Saxon . This sound shift involved a drastic change in the pronunciation of both voiced and voiceless stop consonants ( b , d , g , and p , t , k , respectively). The primary effects of the shift were the following below. While there is written evidence of
3105-451: The German states; the invention of the printing press c. 1440 and the publication of Luther's vernacular translation of the Bible in 1534, however, had an immense effect on standardizing German as a supra-dialectal written language. The ENHG period saw the rise of several important cross-regional forms of chancery German, one being gemeine tiutsch , used in the court of
3174-681: The Germanic dialects that were affected by the High German consonant shift (south of Benrath) from those that were not (north of Uerdingen). The various regional dialects spoken south of these lines are grouped as High German dialects, while those spoken to the north comprise the Low German and Low Franconian dialects. As members of the West Germanic language family, High German, Low German, and Low Franconian have been proposed to be further distinguished historically as Irminonic , Ingvaeonic , and Istvaeonic , respectively. This classification indicates their historical descent from dialects spoken by
3243-1668: The House of Bourbon-Parma and pretender to the defunct throne of Parma Elías Ahúja y Andría (1863–1951), Spanish politician Elias Alves da Silva (born 1981), Brazilian football player Elias Ammerbach (1530–1597), German organist Elias Ashmole (1617–1692), English antiquary and politician Elias Atallah (born 1947), Lebanese politician Elias Atmatsidis (born 1969), Greek football player Elias Bonine (1843–1916), American photographer Elias Boudinot (1740–1821), American politician Elias Boudinot (Cherokee) (1802–1839), Native American writer Elias Breeskin (1896–1969), Russian violinist Elias Canetti (1905–1994), Bulgarian writer Elias Chandler (1856–1909), American colonel and major Elias Charalambous (born 1980), Cypriot footballer Elias James Corey (born 1928), American chemist Elias Dayton (1737–1807), American soldier and politician Elias P. Demetracopoulos , Greek journalist Elias Disney (1859–1941), Canadian businessman, father of Walt Disney Elias Dolah (born 1993), Thai footballer Elias (footballer, born 1963) , Portuguese footballer, full name Fernando Elias Oliveira da Silva Elias Farkouh (1948–2020), Jordanian writer Elias Freij (1918–1998), Palestinian mayor Elias Gleizer (1934–2015), Brazilian actor and comedian Elias Gottlob Haussmann (1695–1774), German painter Elias Harris (born 1989), German basketball player Elias Hicks (1748-1830), American Quaker Preacher Elias Holl (1573–1646), German architect Elias Howe (1819–1867), American inventor of
3312-655: The Irminones (also known as the Elbe group), Ingvaeones (or North Sea Germanic group), and Istvaeones (or Weser–Rhine group). Standard German is based on a combination of Thuringian - Upper Saxon and Upper Franconian dialects, which are Central German and Upper German dialects belonging to the High German dialect group. German is therefore closely related to the other languages based on High German dialects, such as Luxembourgish (based on Central Franconian dialects ) and Yiddish . Also closely related to Standard German are
3381-518: The MHG period. Significantly, these texts include a number of impressive secular works, such as the Nibelungenlied , an epic poem telling the story of the dragon -slayer Siegfried ( c. thirteenth century ), and the Iwein , an Arthurian verse poem by Hartmann von Aue ( c. 1203 ), lyric poems , and courtly romances such as Parzival and Tristan . Also noteworthy
3450-557: The TV series Person of Interest ; he is shot in the head and perhaps killed in the 4th season's finale during a fight with a rival gang leader Elias Bogan , fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe Elias Grover , fictional character in the 2006 film Clerks II Elias P. Guerrero, a lead character from Philippine action drama series Black Rider Sergeant Elias Grodin, fictional character portrayed by Willem Dafoe in
3519-430: The development of non-local forms of language and exposed all speakers to forms of German from outside their own area. With Luther's rendering of the Bible in the vernacular, German asserted itself against the dominance of Latin as a legitimate language for courtly, literary, and now ecclesiastical subject-matter. His Bible was ubiquitous in the German states: nearly every household possessed a copy. Nevertheless, even with
SECTION 50
#17327658013923588-456: The dialect so as to make the work as natural and accessible to German speakers as possible. Copies of Luther's Bible featured a long list of glosses for each region, translating words which were unknown in the region into the regional dialect. Luther said the following concerning his translation method: One who would talk German does not ask the Latin how he shall do it; he must ask the mother in
3657-519: The eastern provinces of Banat , Bukovina , and Transylvania (German: Banat, Buchenland, Siebenbürgen ), German was the predominant language not only in the larger towns—like Temeschburg ( Timișoara ), Hermannstadt ( Sibiu ), and Kronstadt ( Brașov )—but also in many smaller localities in the surrounding areas. In 1901, the Second Orthographic Conference ended with a (nearly) complete standardization of
3726-421: The given name [ edit ] Elias (Greek scholar) , 6th century commentator on Aristotle and Porphyry List of Catholicoi of Armenia , Armenian religious leader, Catholicos of All Armenians from 703 to 717 Elias of Nisibis (975–1046), Nestorian bishop of Nisibis and an important mediaeval chronicler, also known as Elijah of Nisibis and Eliya bar Shinaya Elias, Duke of Parma (1880–1959), head of
3795-435: The home, the children on the streets, the common man in the market-place and note carefully how they talk, then translate accordingly. They will then understand what is said to them because it is German. When Christ says ' ex abundantia cordis os loquitur ,' I would translate, if I followed the papists, aus dem Überflusz des Herzens redet der Mund . But tell me is this talking German? What German understands such stuff? No,
3864-481: The influence of Luther's Bible as an unofficial written standard, a widely accepted standard for written German did not appear until the middle of the eighteenth century. German was the language of commerce and government in the Habsburg Empire , which encompassed a large area of Central and Eastern Europe . Until the mid-nineteenth century, it was essentially the language of townspeople throughout most of
3933-402: The mother in the home and the plain man would say, Wesz das Herz voll ist, des gehet der Mund über . Luther's translation of the Bible into High German was also decisive for the German language and its evolution from Early New High German to modern Standard German. The publication of Luther's Bible was a decisive moment in the spread of literacy in early modern Germany , and promoted
4002-653: The ninth century, chief among them being the Muspilli , Merseburg charms , and Hildebrandslied , and other religious texts (the Georgslied , Ludwigslied , Evangelienbuch , and translated hymns and prayers). The Muspilli is a Christian poem written in a Bavarian dialect offering an account of the soul after the Last Judgment , and the Merseburg charms are transcriptions of spells and charms from
4071-462: The pronunciation of the ending -ig as [ɪk] instead of [ɪç]. In Northern Germany, High German was a foreign language to most inhabitants, whose native dialects were subsets of Low German. It was usually encountered only in writing or formal speech; in fact, most of High German was a written language, not identical to any spoken dialect, throughout the German-speaking area until well into the 19th century. However, wider standardization of pronunciation
4140-1019: The same given name or the same family name . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elias&oldid=1253288055 " Categories : Given names Surnames Danish masculine given names English masculine given names Masculine given names Finnish masculine given names German masculine given names Greek masculine given names Norwegian masculine given names Scandinavian masculine given names Spanish masculine given names Swedish masculine given names Swiss masculine given names Hidden categories: Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text Articles containing Hebrew-language text Articles containing Syriac-language text Articles containing Arabic-language text Articles containing Persian-language text Articles with short description Short description
4209-2121: The sewing machine Elias Hrawi (1925–2006), Lebanese politician Elias Kane (1794–1835), American politician Elias Khoury (1948-2024), Lebanese writer Elias Koteas (born 1961), Greek-Canadian actor Elias Lianos , Greek businessman Elias Lindholm (born 1994), Swedish ice hockey player Elias Lönnrot (1802–1884), Finnish philologist Elias Loomis (1811–1889), American mathematician Elias Mendes Trindade (born 1985), Brazilian former footballer Elias Motsoaledi (1924-1994), South African anti-apartheid activist Elias Murr (born 1962), Lebanese politician Elias Ngeny (born 1996), Kenyan middle-distance runner Elias Pavlidis (born 1978), Greek boxer Elias Petropoulos (1928–2003), Greek musicologist and writer Elias Pettersson (born 1998), Swedish ice hockey player Elias Polk (1806-1886), American slave and political activist Elias Porter (1914–1987), American psychologist Elias Rababi (1913–1999), Lebanese journalist and politician Elias Ricks , American football player Elias Bender Rønnenfelt (born 1992), Danish singer Elias Alford Rowan (1837–1912), American politician Elias Sarkis (1924–1985), Lebanese lawyer and President of Lebanon from 1976 to 1982 Elias "Vic" Seixas, known as Vic Seixas (born 1923), American Hall of Fame former top-10 tennis player Elias Seppänen (born 2003), Finnish racing driver Elias Shoufani (1932–2013), Palestinian author and historian Elias Soares de Oliveira, Elias (footballer, born 1931) , Brazilian former football striker Elias Spantidakis, known as Louis Tikas (1886–1914), Greek-American union leader Elias M. Stein (1931–2018), American mathematician Elias Tahan (born 1986), American photographer Elias Toufexis (born 1975), Greek-Canadian actor Elias Vattis (born 1986), Cypriot football player Elias Venezis (1904–1973), Greek writer Elias Viljanen (born 1975), Finnish musician Elias Wessén (1889–1981), Swedish linguist Elias Wright (1830–1901), American Union brevet brigadier general during
SECTION 60
#17327658013924278-492: The states of North Dakota and South Dakota , German is the most common language spoken at home after English. As a legacy of significant German immigration to the country , German geographical names can be found throughout the Midwest region , such as New Ulm and Bismarck (North Dakota's state capital), plus many other regions. A number of German varieties have developed in the country and are still spoken today, such as Pennsylvania Dutch and Texas German . In Brazil,
4347-2559: The surname [ edit ] Akhteruzzaman Elias (1943–1997), Bengali writer Alex Elias , American entrepreneur Alois Eliáš (1890–1942), Czechoslovak general and politician Benny Elias (born 1963), Lebanese-Australian rugby league player Blas Elias (born 1967), American musician Dave Elias (1969-2013), Canadian curler David Elias (born 1949), Canadian writer Duncan David Elias (born 1985), Singaporean football player Eliane Elias (born 1960), Lebanese-Brazilian musician Erick Elías (born 1980), Mexican actor Eulalia Elias (1788–1865), American rancher Gastão Elias (born 1990), Portuguese tennis player Hanin Elias (born 1972), German musician Hendrik Elias (1902–1973), Belgian politician Isaak Elias (1912–1998), Canadian politician Joan Puig i Elias (1898–1972), Catalan pedagogue and anarchist Johan Engelbert Elias (1895–1959), Dutch historian, also known as Vroedschap van Amsterdam John Elias (1775–1841), Christian preacher in Wales John Elias (rugby league) (born 1963), Lebanese-Australian rugby league footballer and coach Jonathan Elias (born 1956), American composer Lee Elias (1920–1998), American comics artist Manny Elias (born 1953), English drummer Mike Elias (born 1982), American baseball executive Norbert Elias (1897–1990), German sociologist Patrik Eliáš (born 1976), Czech ice hockey player Peter Elias (1923–2001), American computer scientist Rick Elias , Nashville songwriter and singer Robert Elias, birth name of Robert Downey Sr. , American actor and film director Roenis Elías , Cuban Major League Baseball pitcher Rosalind Elias (1930–2020), American singer Quentin Elias (1980–2014), French model and actor Sandy Abi Elias , Lebanese footballer Sian Elias (born 1949), New Zealand judge Taslim Olawale Elias (1914–1991), Nigerian judge Ton Elias (born 1955), retired Dutch politician Toni Elías (born 1983), Spanish motorcyclist Zé Elias (born 1976), Brazilian football player See also [ edit ] Elia (disambiguation) Elijah (disambiguation) Elphas Ilias (name) Saint Elias (disambiguation) References [ edit ] ^ Yvonne Navarro (2007). First Name Reverse Dictionary: Given Names Listed by Meaning. Second Edition . McFarland & Company. p. 116 pp. ISBN 978-0786429349 . [REDACTED] Name list This page or section lists people that share
4416-449: The third most commonly learned second language in the United States in K-12 education. The language has been influential in the fields of philosophy, theology, science, and technology. It is the second most commonly used language in science and the third most widely used language on websites . The German-speaking countries are ranked fifth in terms of annual publication of new books, with one-tenth of all books (including e-books) in
4485-438: The world being published in German. German is most closely related to other West Germanic languages, namely Afrikaans , Dutch , English , the Frisian languages , and Scots . It also contains close similarities in vocabulary to some languages in the North Germanic group , such as Danish , Norwegian , and Swedish . Modern German gradually developed from Old High German , which in turn developed from Proto-Germanic during
4554-415: The written form of German. One of the central events in the development of ENHG was the publication of Luther's translation of the Bible into High German (the New Testament was published in 1522; the Old Testament was published in parts and completed in 1534). Luther based his translation primarily on the Meißner Deutsch of Saxony , spending much time among the population of Saxony researching
4623-429: Was a "neutral" language as there were virtually no English native speakers in Namibia at that time. German, Afrikaans, and several indigenous languages thus became "national languages" by law, identifying them as elements of the cultural heritage of the nation and ensuring that the state acknowledged and supported their presence in the country. Today, Namibia is considered to be the only German-speaking country outside of
4692-407: Was an artificial standard that did not correspond to any traditional spoken dialect. Rather, it was based on the pronunciation of German in Northern Germany, although it was subsequently regarded often as a general prescriptive norm, despite differing pronunciation traditions especially in the Upper-German-speaking regions that still characterise the dialect of the area today – especially
4761-427: Was established on the basis of public speaking in theatres and the media during the 20th century and documented in pronouncing dictionaries. Official revisions of some of the rules from 1901 were not issued until the controversial German orthography reform of 1996 was made the official standard by governments of all German-speaking countries. Media and written works are now almost all produced in Standard German which
#391608