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82-579: The European Business History Association (EBHA) is an academic association devoted to business history in Europe . It holds annual congresses (called conferences until 2013) and a bi-annual doctoral summer school. It is registered as a Scottish charity. Its constitution states its objectives as " to advance the education of the public concerning all aspects of the history of business and management in Europe and to promote research into all such aspects ". Its aim

164-795: A comparative history of the global beauty industry entitled Beauty Imagined: A History of the Global Beauty Industry (Oxford, 2010). More recently, Jones and the Business History Initiative at the Harvard Business School has sought to facilitate research and teaching on African, Asian and Latin American business history in a project called Creating Emerging Markets, which includes interviews with long-time leaders of firms and NGOs in those regions. A trend in recent years has been to compare

246-408: A dislike of market discipline, openly sought government assistance to keep market forces at bay. Lamoreaux et al. (2003) offers a new synthesis of American business history during the 19th-20th centuries. Moving beyond the markets-versus-hierarchies framework that underlies the previously dominant interpretation of Chandler, the authors highlight the great variety of coordination mechanisms in use in

328-673: A new association. Subsequent meetings chaired by Tony Slaven followed rapidly in Bonn in February 1994 and in Rotterdam in June 1994. By this time the initial group had been joined by François Crouzet (France), Ulf Olsson (Sweden), and Even Lange (Norway). The meeting in Rotterdam at Erasmus University in June 1994 established the first draft of objectives, the conditions of membership, the structure to be adopted for office bearers and members of

410-750: A number of European countries in October 1993. This meeting was hosted and chaired by Tony Slaven at the Centre for Business History in Glasgow. The participants were not representative in any objective sense, but were those known to the organisers. They were Rolv Petter Amdam (BI Norwegian Business School, Norway), Michael Bibikov (Russia), Per Boje (Denmark), Hans Pohl (Germany), Keetie Sluyterman ( University of Utrecht , Netherlands), Mary Rose, Geoff Jones and Tony Slaven (UK). That meeting reviewed models for an EBHA, objectives, and necessary steps to shape and establish

492-670: A profession. From Higher Aims to Hired Hands: The Social Transformation of American Business Schools and the Unfulfilled Promise of Management as a Profession (2007) by Rakesh Khurana traces the rise and development of American management as a profession and argues that its promise has been unfulfilled. A key event was the publication of the Gordon-Howell report , Higher Education for Business (1959), by economists Robert Aaron Gordon and James Edwin Howell . Funded by

574-461: A reassessment of American industrialization and its leaders. She writes: Historians have followed Nevins' lead in writing biographies of the major industrialists of the Gilded Age . These include: Though these later biographers did not confer heroic status on their subjects, they used historical and biographical investigations to establish a more complex understanding of the American past, and

656-452: A result, the authors can situate the "New Economy" of the late 20th century in broad historical context without succumbing to the temptation to view it as a climactic stage in the process of economic development. They thus provide a particularly persuasive example of the importance of business history to the understanding of national and international history. A number of sources address the history of business management as it has developed as

738-453: A staple, featuring into the wider economic histories of nations, regions, and communities. For many, this transition was first achieved by Alfred D. Chandler . Chandler's successors as Isidor Straus Professor of Business History at Harvard Business School continued to emphasize the importance of comparative research and course development. In 1995 Thomas K. McCraw published Creating Modern Capitalism (Cambridge, MA 1995) This book compared

820-470: A strategic alliance between the state and business. In Brazil The key policy was privatization of nationalized industries especially steel through the 'Programa Nacional de Desestatizção' (National Program of Destatization) during the early 1990s. It aimed to implement a new industrial policy by restructuring the industry and reforming labor-business relations. The Common Market of the South, or Mercosur ,

902-720: A “Golden Age” in which quantitative social science research became an established part of business schools. By the 1990s, however, there was a gap between theory-oriented business school faculty and the more applied interests of students and business practitioners. In 1993, Donald C. Hambrick 's presidential address to the Academy of Management (AoM). “What if the Academy Actually Mattered?”, drew attention to this relevance crisis. The theme has been repeatedly visited since then, including by president Anita M. McGahan in 2017. Another major focus of concern has been

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984-488: Is Scotland’s only research unit in the discipline and counts as full members 13 business historians engaged in teaching and research. The prime objective of the CBH is to encourage, facilitate and conduct research in all aspects of business history, with particular emphasis on corporate governance, innovation and organisational change. The Bocconi Business History group is based at Bocconi University , Milan (www.unibocconi.it), in

1066-503: Is a private university in Milan and Rome , Italy . The university is consistently ranked as the best in Italy in its fields and among the best in the world. The university provides education in the fields of economics, finance, law, business administration , management , political science , public administration , information science , data science , and computer science . Bocconi

1148-566: Is a South American commerce pact started in 1991 among Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay at the instigation of Argentina and Brazil. Mercosur's purpose is to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods, people, and currency. Since its foundation, Mercosur's functions have been updated and amended many times; it currently confines itself to a customs union , in which there is free intra-zone trade and common trade policy between member countries. Business history in Britain emerged in

1230-586: Is a founding member of CEMS - The Global Alliance in Management Education , and the university through its graduate business school , SDA Bocconi School of Management , has received triple accreditation from the AACSB , EQUIS , and the AMBA where it offers MBA , Executive MBA , DBA , professional development , executive education , and professional certification programs. Bocconi University

1312-479: Is a member of the Offshoring Research Network , an international network researching the offshoring of business processes and services. The university hosts student-run publications: In the atrium of the oldest building of the university, there are three sets of doors. The central doors, which are larger than the others, have two lions on either side of them. There is a superstition within

1394-555: Is a network under the umbrella of the EBHA and it is open to all European research environments in Business History with at least four Tenured positions within the respective University/Business School. These centres/groups are facing common challenges within their University/Business School, and they provide environments allowing for collaboration beyond conventional academic networking. The Alliance meets annually in connection to

1476-627: Is fully accredited by the AACSB, EQUIS, and AMBA. The school is also the publisher of E&M (Economia & Management), an Italian business and management review. The SDA also offers further Master of Science programs in Corporate Finance and Banking, Real Estate Management, Fine Food and Beverage management, Fashion Management, Design Management, Sports Law and Sport Management, and a Master in Stage and Show Management. In 2006, research

1558-453: Is much less politicized and has moved beyond entrepreneurial biography to histories of companies and industries. However, Latin American business historians have still not devoted enough attention to agricultural enterprises or comparative histories between the many countries. Probably most importantly, Latin American business historians have to become much more versed in business history theory and methodology so as to get beyond mere summation of

1640-612: Is open to any individual interested in business history. EBHA has over 200 members drawn from 29 different European and non-European countries. At the EBHA congress in Uppsala (2013), Centres for Business History and Business History Groups at European Universities and Business Schools have created a network in order to (1.) improve communication and exchange between the large research groups in Business History; (2.) improve co-operation and institutional support in research and teaching; (3) improve PhD education in Business History. The Alliance

1722-538: Is the Bachelor's in International Politics and Government (BIG), the first degree in the field of political science and international relations offered by the university. Also the university offers a Bachelor of Arts in partnership with HEC Paris . Announced in October 2023, it is focused on Data, Society & Organizations, it combines data sciences and social sciences . Students spend

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1804-493: Is the organisation of conferences and seminars, the publication of a newsletter and other material girls, the encouragement of research in all aspects of business history, and specifically the promotion of collaborative projects based in several European countries such as The Performance of European Business in the 20th Century project per instance. The association was established to enhance inter-European contacts and promote extra-European links among business historians, to encourage

1886-464: The Ford Foundation , the report gave detailed recommendations for treating management as a science and improving the academic quality of business schools. Another influential report, that same year, was The Education Of American Businessmen: A Study Of University-College Programs In Business Administration (1959) by Frank Cook Pierson . The next thirty years are sometimes referred to as

1968-614: The Harvard University Graduate School of Business Administration , starting in 1927. He defined the field's subject matter and approach, wrote the first general treatise in the field, and helped Harvard build a tradition of scholarship as well as the leading library in the field. He edited a series of monographs, the Harvard Studies in Business History. He also served as editor of the Bulletin of

2050-774: The Pinacoteca di Brera , where its first building was inaugurated in 1902. The campus is now located beside Parco Ravizza, between Via Sarfatti and Viale Bligny and consists of several buildings within walking distance to Porta Ticinese , the Basilica of Sant'Eustorgio : Several other administrative and research offices of Bocconi's institutes are scattered across the area, especially around Parco Ravizza and Viale Isonzo. Bocconi University provides off-campus students with approximately 1800 places in dorms. Residences for students are Bocconi Residence , Javotte Residence , Dubini Residence , Spadolini Residence , Arcobaleno Residence ,

2132-696: The Robber baron debate . As the United States industrialized very rapidly after the Civil War, a few hundred prominent men made large fortunes by building and controlling major industries, such as railroads, shipping, steel, mining and banking. Yet the newer who gathered the most attention was railroader Cornelius Vanderbilt . Historian Stephen Frazier argues that probably most Americans admired Vanderbilt; they agreed with biographer William Augustus Croffut who wrote in 1886: However, Fraser goes on, there

2214-518: The Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies . The Bocconi PhD School offers the following 4-year PhD programs: SDA Bocconi ( Italian : Scuola di Direzione Aziendale Bocconi , lit.   'Bocconi School of Management') is the graduate business school of the university. The business school offers MBA programs, executive education, professional certifications , and a Doctor of Business Administration ( DBA ). Founded in 1971, SDA Bocconi

2296-626: The replication crisis . Anne S. Tsui has suggested that business and management should not treat the issues of rigor (credibility of evidence) and relevance (usefulness of knowledge) separately, but see them as related. Understanding the development of business history as a discipline meriting its own aims, theories and methods is often understood as a transition from dominating themes of 'company biography', toward more analytical 'comparative' approaches. This 'comparative' trend enabled practitioners to underline their work with 'generalist' potential. Questions of comparative business performance have become

2378-823: The "managerial class" in America because they needed to coordinate the increasingly complex and interdependent system. This ability to achieve efficiency through coordination, not some anti-competitive monopolistic greed by robber barons, explained the high levels of concentration in modern American industry. Chandler's work was somewhat ignored in history departments, but proved influential in business, economics, and sociology departments. In sociology, for example, prior to Chandler's research, sociologists assumed there were no differences between governmental, corporate, and nonprofit organizations. Chandler's focus on corporations clearly demonstrated that there were differences, and this thesis has guided organizational sociologists' work since

2460-493: The 1950s following the publication of a series of influential company histories and the establishment of the journal Business History in 1958 at the University of Liverpool. The most influential of these early company histories was Charles Wilson (historian) ’s History of Unilever , the first volume of which was published in 1954. Other examples included Coleman's work on Courtaulds and artificial fibers, Alford on Wills and

2542-448: The 1970s. It also motivated sociologists to investigate and critique Chandler's work more closely, turning up instances in which Chandler assumed American corporations acted for reasons of efficiency when they actually operated in a context of politics or conflict. Other historians, such as Gabriel Kolko , challenged the very notion of "efficiency through coordination", arguing instead that big business had, for reasons of inefficiency and

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2624-925: The 1980s, with research work conducted at the LSE's Business History Unit, led first by Leslie Hannah , then by Terry Gourvish. Other research centres followed, notably at Glasgow and Reading, reflecting an increasing involvement in the discipline by Business and Management School academics. More recent editors of Business History , Geoffrey Jones (academic) (Harvard Business School), Charles Harvey (University of Newcastle Business School), John Wilson (Liverpool University Management School) and Steven Toms (Leeds University Business School) have promoted management strategy themes such as networks, family capitalism, corporate governance, human resource management, marketing and brands, and multi-national organisations in their international as well as merely British context. Employing these new themes has allowed business historians to challenge and adapt

2706-544: The American model; a conclusion similar to Chandler's synthesis of a number of comparative case studies. Studies of British business leaders have emphasized how they fit into the class structure, especially their relationship to the aristocracy, and the desire to use their wealth to purchase landed estates, and hereditary titles. Biography has been of less importance in British business history, but there are compilations. British business history began to widen its scope in

2788-567: The Business Historical Society (1926–1953), a journal which later became the Business History Review (1954-date). N.S.B. Grass and Henrietta M. Larson, Casebook in American business history (1939) defined the field for a generation. Business history in the U.S. took off in the 1960s with a high volume of products and innovative methodologies. Scholars worked to develop theoretical explanations of

2870-510: The Department of Economic History at Uppsala University. A large part of the research focuses on questions about the establishment and development of organisations and markets, primarily within the banking and financial sector of the economy. The dynamic interaction between organisations and institutions, both formal and informal, is considered an important factor in the analysis of development. Business History at Utrecht University focuses on

2952-607: The Department of Policy Analysis and Public Management. The group consists of tenured and non-tenured scholars doing research in various fields of business history. The group is active in the organisation of conferences and seminars both at national and international level. Broadly speaking, the research interests of its members include topics as entrepreneurship, history of fashion and creative industries, international business, family business and State-owned enterprises. Centre for Business History (CBH) at BI Norwegian Business School in Oslo

3034-592: The EBHA Congress. The Centre for Business History was established in 1999 with the objective to strengthen the historical dimension in CBS research and teaching. Today, it consists of eight professors and five PhD and postdoc researchers that share a keen interest in the way history contributes to a better understanding of society and business. The Centre for Business History in Scotland (CBHS), inaugurated in 1987,

3116-796: The Master of Science in Finance was among the first six programs in the world to establish a partnership with the CFA institute and the first in continental Europe, while the Masters of Science in Management and International Management enable a select number of students to take part in the CEMS Master of International Management, of which Bocconi is a founding member, along with HEC , ESADE and University of Cologne . Bocconi University School of Law

3198-594: The United States and China and encourages scholars to collaborate internationally and to study leadership as it is practiced in China. American historians working in French business history led by Rondo Cameron argued that most of the business enterprises in France were family-owned, small in scale, and managed conservatively. By contrast, French business historians emphasized the success of national economic planning since

3280-553: The business histories of Britain, Germany, Japan, and the United States since the Industrial Revolution, and was used as the text of a new year MBA course at Harvard Business School . Geoffrey Jones , who was McCraw's successor as Isidor Straus Professor of Business History, also pursued a comparative research agenda. He published a comparative study of the history of globalization called Multinationals and Global Capitalism (Oxford, 2005). In 2010, Jones also published

3362-520: The business histories of individual countries. Geoffrey Jones (academic) and Andrea Lluch have published a comparative study of the historical impact of globalization on Argentina and Chile. In 2011 Jones and his co-editor Walter A. Friedman published an editorial in Business History Review which identified comparative research as essential for the future of business history as a discipline. Anne S. Tsui has studied business in both

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3444-913: The content necessary to take the CFA Program Exam level III, the highest level. In a joint venture with the Central European University of Budapest , Hungary , Bocconi also offers a four-year Dual Degree in International Business , the first two years of which are spent in Budapest and the latter in Milan . The Bocconi Graduate School mainly offers master programs mainly taught in English, with some also in Italian: Bocconi has established many partnerships for its Master of Science programs:

3526-409: The council, and election procedures. The Erasmus meeting also decided that it was necessary to take the proposals to a wider forum to gain support for the creation of a European Business History Association; it was also decided to establish a steering committee to plan a first conference. The Business History Conference held at Erasmus University in October 1994 was taken as the opportunity to present

3608-405: The day. Gilded Age capitalists, according to Nevins, sought to impose order and stability on competitive business, and that their work made the United States the foremost economy by the 20th century. Business journalist Ferdinand Lundberg later criticized Nevins for confusing readers. By contrast, historian Priscilla Roberts argues that Nevins' studies of inventors and businessmen brought about

3690-446: The development of the field of Latin American business history, from the 1960s to 2007. Latin American business history developed in the 1960s, but until the 1980s it was dominated by either highly politicized debates over Latin American underdevelopment or biographies of Latin American entrepreneurs. Since the 1980s, Latin American business history has become a much more professionalized and an integrated part of Latin American academia. It

3772-829: The earlier conclusions of Chandler and others about the performance of the British economy. There is a growing body of work of business history in Africa. In one of the recent works Ebimo Amungo chronicled the birth, growth and contributions of indigenous African multinationals to the economic development of Africa with his book "The Rise of the African Multinational Enterprise". Bocconi University Bocconi University or Università Bocconi (formally known in Italian as Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi [universiˈta kommerˈtʃaːle luˈiːdʒi bokˈkoːni] - Luigi Bocconi Commercial University)

3854-619: The economic decline. For economic historians, the loss of British competitive advantage after 1870 could at least in part be explained by entrepreneurial failure, prompting further business history research into the individual industry and corporate cases. The Lancashire cotton textile industry, which had been the leading take-off sector in the industrial revolution, but which was slow to invest in subsequent technical developments, became an important topic of debate on this subject. William Lazonick for example argued that cotton textile entrepreneurs in Britain failed to develop larger integrated plants on

3936-399: The economy at any given time. Drawing on late-20th-century theoretical work in economics, they show how the relative advantages and disadvantages of these different mechanisms have shifted in complex and often unpredictable ways as a result of changing economic circumstances. One advantage of this perspective is that it avoids the teleology that has characterized so much writing in the field. As

4018-497: The end of World War II. They argued that the economic development in this period stemmed from various phenomena of the late 19th century: the corporation system, the joint-stock deposit and investment banks, and the technological innovations in the steel industry. To clarify the contributions of 19th-century entrepreneurs to the economic development in France, French scholars support two journals, Enterprises et Histoire and Revue d'Histoire de la Siderurgie. Barbero (2008) examines

4100-610: The exchange of business history graduate students and to promote teaching and interest in all such aspects. The discussions to establish a European Business History Association followed in the wake of the successful foundation of the Association of Business Historians in Britain. Informal talks between Hans Pohl ( University of Bonn ), Geoffrey Jones (then at the University of Reading ), and Tony Slaven ( University of Glasgow ) resulted in an invited meeting of representatives from

4182-1791: The first Secretary/Treasurer. It was decided in 1998 to hold an annual conference beginning with that held at Terni. Since then the association has met annually. 2014 Utrecht, The Netherlands 2013 Uppsala, Sweden 2012 Paris, France (Joint with the Business History Society of Japan) 2011 Athens, Greece 2010 Glasgow, Scotland 2009 Milan, Italy 2008 Bergen, Norway 2007 Geneva, Switzerland 2006 Copenhagen, Denmark 2005 Frankfurt, Germany 2004 Barcelona, Spain 2003 Lowell, USA (Joint with BHC ) 2002 Helsinki, Finland 2001 Oslo, Norway 2000 Bordeaux, France 1999 Rotterdam, Netherlands 1998 Terni, Italy 1996 Gothenburg, Sweden 2022- Adoración Álvaro Moya, CUNEF University , Spain 2020-2021 Andrea Colli, Bocconi University , Italy 2018-2019 Ludovic Cailluet, Edhec Business School , France 2016-2017 Andrea H. Schneider-Braunberger, Gesellschaft für Unternehmensgeschichte , Germany 2013–2015 Ray Stokes , University of Glasgow , UK 2011–2013 Harm G. Schroeter , University of Bergen , Norway 2010–2011 Albert Carreras, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Spain 2008–2009 Per Boje, University of Southern Denmark 2006–2007 Youssef Cassis, University of Geneva , Switzerland 2004–2005 Mary Rose Lancaster University , UK 2002–2003 Keetie Sluyterman, University of Utrecht , The Netherlands 2000–2001 Franco Amatori , Bocconi University , Italy 1998–1999 Geoffrey Jones, Harvard Business School , USA 1993–1997 Tony Slaven, University of Glasgow , UK Other associations devoted to business history operate at national and international levels: Business history Even before academic studies began, Americans were enthralled by

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4264-863: The first three semesters in Italy and the last three in France on the Jouy-en-Josas campus. The university also offers a five-year course in Law, which incorporates the Italian equivalents of the Bachelor of Laws and the Master of Laws . The bachelor's degrees in finance (BIEF) has been recognized by the Chartered Financial Analyst Institute ( CFA Institute ). The partnership is granted to programs which cover at least 70% of

4346-577: The fourth course is entirely taught in English (BIEF) and is targeted at both international students and students pursuing an international career. Students in this course have the choice to major in Economics , Management or Finance during their course of studies. A fifth separate three-year undergraduate course in Economics focuses on the economics and management of Arts, Culture and Communication (CLEACC). Another three-year undergraduate course

4428-422: The growth of the business enterprise, the study of strategy and structure by Alfred Chandler being a prime example. The relationship between business and the federal government became a focal point of the study. On the whole, the 1960s affirmed the conclusions of the earlier decades regarding the close interrelationship between government and business enterprise. A 2002 survey of 58 business history professors gave

4510-403: The historical development of companies and entrepreneurs in their institutional context. As part of Economic and Social History (ESH) business history links to the central debate on the question why some countries are poor and others are rich. What is the role of business in economic growth and prosperity? Business History at UU is therefore closely related to the Centre for Global Economic History,

4592-476: The history of American economic development in particular. In 1958 historian Hal Bridges finds that "The most vehement and persistent controversy in business history has been that waged by the critics and defenders of the 'robber baron' concept of the American businessman." In terms of the Robber Baron model, by the end of the 20th-century scholars had mostly discarded it although it remained influential in

4674-404: The initial paid up membership of the new EBHA was 214 members. First nominations and elections for council added Franco Amatori ( Bocconi University ), Albert Carreras ( Pompeu Fabra University ), Wilfried Feldenkirchen , Ritta Hjerppe ( Helsinki School of Economics ), and Matthias Kipping to the first formally elected council. Tony Slaven was adopted as first President of EBHA with Geoff Jones as

4756-911: The interaction between the scientific debate and individual case studies. The Centre for Evolution of Global Business and Institutions (CEGBI) was inaugurated in 2009 with the aim of contributing with research to the understanding of how businesses and institutions around the world evolve, and also of helping to inform current management and policy issues. CEGBI’s main areas of research are international business history; global marketing; and governance, entrepreneurship and social enterprise. Distinctive features of CEGBI’s research include its interdisciplinarity and methodologies. It engages with topics of interest to business and management, economics, history, sociology, and law. The inaugural conference in Gothenburg in August 1996 attracted over 230 participants by which time

4838-563: The main building is a cross of two "L"s. The award for Alumnus of the Year was given for the first time in 2011 to Fabrizio Saccomanni , former general director of Bank of Italy , replacing the awards for Bocconian of the Year (given since 1988) and Master of Masters (given since 2007). The award is given to a Bocconi alumnus from any of the five schools (Undergraduate School, School of Law, Graduate School, PhD School and SDA Bocconi School of Management) who has distinguished himself following

4920-612: The main international conferences in these areas. Business History @ Erasmus brings together researchers with an interest in the history of business. The platform is an initiative by the School of History, Culture & Communication and the Rotterdam School of Management, both at Erasmus University Rotterdam, in the Netherlands. Uppsala Centre for Business History (UCBH) is organizationally and economically associated with

5002-452: The more modern Isonzo Residence , Bligny Residence , and the latest Castiglioni Residence (inaugurated in 2018) and the former Kramer Residence (Now closed). The university offers four three-year undergraduate courses in Economics which share a common basis in the first three semesters and then distinguish themselves from one another by focusing on either Finance (CLEF), Social sciences (CLES) or Business administration (CLEAM);

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5084-413: The most influential scholar was Alfred D. Chandler Jr. (1918-2007) at the Harvard Business School . In a career that spanned over sixty years, Chandler produced numerous groundbreaking monographs, articles, and reviews. Intensely focused on only a few areas of the discipline, Chandler nonetheless succeeded in establishing and developing an entirely new realm of business history. Chandler's masterwork

5166-450: The new business operations made possible by the rail system in mass distribution, such as jobbers, department stores and mail order. A quick survey (ch 8) review mass innovation in mass production. The integration of mass distribution and mass production (ch 9-11) led to many mergers and the emergence of giant industrial corporations by 1900. Management for Chandler was much more than the CEO, it

5248-593: The platform of the UU for pioneering research into the long term evolution of the world economy and its components. Business history is also an important part of the Commissioned Research group, which conducts research for third parties. This research often focuses on individual companies or sectors in their relationship to society. From these two perspectives business historians in Utrecht find their strength in

5330-427: The popular culture. Richard White , historian of the transcontinental railroads, stated in 2011 he has no use for the concept because it had been killed off by historians Robert H. Wiebe and Alfred Chandler . He notes that "Much of the modern history of corporations is a reaction against the Robber Barons and fictions." Meanwhile, business history as an academic discipline was founded by Professor N. S. B. Gras at

5412-429: The proposals to a large representative group of business historians drawn from many European countries. Tony Slaven acted as spokesman for the steering group and presented proposals to a general meeting at the Erasmus conference. The conference gave its support to the proposals and to the existing planning group to act as a steering committee to bring the European Business History Association into being. The first newsletter

5494-441: The region's economic past. In the 1980s, numerous governments in Latin America adopted neoliberal policies. In Mexico, for example, under presidents Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1988–94) and Ernesto Zedillo neoliberalism became the basis for state-private sector relationships. The new policy allowed for close cooperation with United States and Canada as exemplified by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) solidified

5576-430: The research is commissioned work, organised in a way which shall secure the academic freedom of the researcher, through standardised contracts and also with book committees commenting on the manuscripts. Established in 1997 and part of Henley Business School at the University of Reading, the Centre for International Business History (CIBH) is the largest business history centre in the United Kingdom. CIBH strives to promote

5658-534: The study of the evolution of business and management in an international and comparative context. The Centre's nine members mainly focus on various aspects of international business history, particularly on topics related to retailing, consumer goods industries, entrepreneurship, intellectual property, industrial finance, small firms, creative industries, and industrial clusters/districts. CIBH staff play active roles in various national and international business and economic history associations and are active participants at

5740-482: The tobacco industry, Barker on Pilkington's and glass manufacture. These early studies were conducted primarily by economic historians interested in the role of leading firms in the development of the wider industry and therefore went beyond mere corporate histories. Although some work examined the successful industries of the industrial revolution and the role of the key entrepreneurs, in the 1970s scholarly debate in British business history became increasingly focused on

5822-501: The top five pioneers in management ideas were: Frederick Winslow Taylor ; Chester Barnard ; Frank Bunker Gilbreth ; Elton Mayo ; and Lillian Moller Gilbreth . An emphasis on expertise can be seen as defining an era of management work, shown in the works of Elton Mayo, Chester Barnard, Mary Parker Follett , Max Weber , Chris Argyris , and Peter Drucker . Drucker introduced the term " knowledge work " in 1959 and has been described as "the founder of modern management". After 1960

5904-509: The top spot in the history of American business entrepreneurs to Henry Ford , followed by Bill Gates ; John D. Rockefeller ; Andrew Carnegie , and Thomas Edison . Also included were Sam Walton ; J. P. Morgan ; Alfred P. Sloan ; Walt Disney ; Ray Kroc ; Thomas J. Watson ; Alexander Graham Bell ; Eli Whitney ; James J. Hill ; Jack Welch ; Cyrus McCormick ; David Packard ; Bill Hewlett ; Cornelius Vanderbilt ; and George Westinghouse . A 1977 survey of management scholars reported

5986-469: The university that students who pass in between the two lions via the central doors risk not being able to graduate. This derives from the adage "Chi passa tra i Leoni non si laurea alla Bocconi." If seen from the top, the three main buildings of Bocconi seem to spell "30L" (30 cum laude ), the maximum achievable grade in any exam. The building in Via Roentgen is the "3", the velodrome is the "0" and

6068-505: Was The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business (1977). His first two chapters looked at traditional owner-operated small business operations in commerce and production, including the largest among them, the slave plantations in the South. Chapters 3-5 summarize the history of railroad management, with stress on innovations not just in technology but also in accounting, finance and statistics. He then turned to

6150-710: Was a minority who vehemently dissented: By the Great Depression of the 1930s, Fraser continues: However a counterattack by academic historians began as the Depression ended. Business historian Allan Nevins challenged this view of big businessmen by advocating the "Industrial Statesman" thesis. Nevins, in his John D. Rockefeller: The Heroic Age of American Enterprise (2 vols., 1940), took on Josephson. He argued that while Rockefeller may have engaged in some unethical and illegal business practices, this should not overshadow his bringing order to industrial chaos of

6232-585: Was agreed to hold the inaugural conference in August 1996 to be hosted by Ulf Olsson in the University of Gothenburg . A subsequent meeting in London in July 1996 was held to discuss potential collaboration with Manfred Pohl representing the new established Centre for European Business History based in Frankfurt. At that time, however, it was agreed to develop the interests of the new groups independently. Membership

6314-554: Was established in 1989 and, with a staff of 14 historians and 1 research coordinator, constitutes the largest group of economic and business historians in Norway. The Centre is a part of the Department of Innovation and Economic Organization at BI. CBH aims to improve the understanding of business institutions, interactions between companies and society as well as the dynamics of economic development. The research includes economic, political, social and cultural perspectives. The main part of

6396-480: Was established in 2006, consolidating the tradition of legal studies at Bocconi under the aegis of the "A. Sraffa" Institute for Comparative Law. The School of Law currently offers a combined LL.B. and LL.M. in Law, runs the Specialization School for Legal professions in cooperation with the University of Pavia , and hosts a Summer Academy in cooperation with the University of Trento , as well as with

6478-676: Was founded in 1902 by Ferdinando Bocconi and was named after his son, who died in the Battle of Adwa during the First Italo-Ethiopian War . The university was originally affiliated with the Polytechnic University of Milan engineering school and incorporated a teaching model that was based on what was in use at the École Supérieure of Antwerp . The campus was originally located in Via Statuto near

6560-637: Was mainly funded by Bocconi itself (around €1.5 million), the European Union (around €1.4 million) and the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (around €300 thousand), in addition to other external sources (around €11 million). In 2011, the European Research Council (ERC) assigned around €5 million to five projects in the area "social science and humanities" led by five Bocconi professors. Bocconi

6642-599: Was planned for October 1995 and an inaugural conference was planned for August/September 1996. The working group was established as an interim council of the proposed EBHA for a period of two years from October 1995. Further planning meetings of the interim council took place in the University of Reading in March 1995 and Matthias Kipping was adopted as the first editor of the EBHA Newsletter. At that meeting in Reading it

6724-481: Was the whole system of techniques and included middle management (ch 11) as well as the corporate structure of the biggest firms, Standard Oil, General Electric, US Steel, and DuPont (ch 13–14). Chandler argued that modern large-scale firms arose to take advantage of the national markets and productive techniques available after the rail network was in place. He found that they prospered because they had higher productivity, lower costs, and higher profits. The firms created

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