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98-464: Eusébio da Silva Ferreira GCIH GCM ( European Portuguese: [ewˈzɛβju ðɐ ˈsilvɐ fɨˈʁɐjɾɐ] ; 25 January 1942 – 5 January 2014), nicknamed the " Black Panther ", the " Black Pearl " or " O Rei " ("The King"), was a Portuguese footballer who played as a striker . He is considered one of the greatest players of all time as well as Benfica 's best player ever. He was known for his speed, technique, athleticism and right-footed shot, making him

196-551: A Benfica feeder team , also the team where Mário Coluna had played before his move to Benfica, but was rejected, without even being given a chance to prove his worth. He was also rejected by Ferroviário de Lourenço Marques . At 12, he then tried his luck with Sporting Clube de Lourenço Marques (branch number 6 of Sporting Lisbon ), which accepted him as well as a group of his friends who lived in Eusébio's neighbourhood. There he would have his first training sessions supervised by

294-645: A European Cup , also being integral in reaching additional European Cup finals in 1963 , 1965 and 1968 . He is the second-highest goalscorer , behind Alfredo Di Stéfano , in the pre-Champions League era of the European Cup with 48 goals. He was the European Cup top scorer in 1964–65 , 1965–66 and 1967–68 . He also won the Bola de Prata for the Primeira Liga top scorer a record seven times. He

392-830: A FIFA World Cup match, a record he jointly held until Oleg Salenko scored five in the 1994 World Cup . The English were so impressed by Eusébio's performances that his waxwork was immediately added to the Madame Tussauds in London. He also received the BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year for 1966. Eusébio was a devout Roman Catholic and married Flora Claudina Burheim on 8 October 1965. They had two daughters together, Carla Elisa Bruheim da Silva Ferreira (born 1968) and Sandra Judite Bruheim da Silva Ferreira (born 1969). Eusébio said he went to

490-439: A booster vaccine every ten years, and standard care practice in many places is to give the booster to any person with a puncture wound who is uncertain of when they were last vaccinated, or if they have had fewer than three lifetime doses of the vaccine. The booster may not prevent a potentially fatal case of tetanus from the current wound, however, as it can take up to two weeks for tetanus antibodies to form. In children under

588-636: A black Mozambican woman. He was the fourth child of his parents, out of five children they had (Jaime, Alberto, Adelino, Eusébio and Lucília). Elisa Anissabeni would have another three children from a second marriage (Gilberto, Inocência and Fernando). Growing up in an extremely poor neighbourhood, he used to skip school classes to play barefoot football with his friends on improvised pitches and using improvised footballs. His father, who also played football at his youth and supported Lisbon's SL Benfica and its affiliate team in Portuguese Mozambique,

686-409: A coaching staff, receive his first ever football equipment and play competitive football in an organized way at both youth level and the main senior team. At 15, according to him, he was spotted by a former Juventus goalkeeper turned scout: "When I was 15, Juventus of Italy, wanted to hire me, because one of their scouts, who had been a famous Italian goalkeeper for them, saw me and told them that there

784-571: A corner. Portugal lost 1–2 and Eusébio famously walked off the pitch in tears, being comforted by both his teammates and opponents. The game is known as the Jogo das Lágrimas (Game of Tears) in Portugal. In the third place match, Portugal played against the Soviet Union . In the 12th minute after a handball inside the area, Eusébio scored the opening goal (his ninth and final World Cup goal) from

882-410: A drip into a vein ( parenteral nutrition ). This high-caloric diet maintenance is required because of the increased metabolic strain brought on by the increased muscle activity. Full recovery takes 4 to 6 weeks, because the body must regenerate destroyed nerve axon terminals. The antibiotic of choice is metronidazole . It can be given as intravenously, by mouth, or by rectum. Of likewise efficiency

980-423: A famous volley from a tight angle after a corner kick. The result meant Brazil's early elimination. In the quarter-final, Portugal played North Korea , who had defeated and eliminated Italy in the group stage. After trailing 0–3 in the 25th minute, Eusébio proceeded to score four consecutive goals, two before half time and two in the first fifteen minutes of the second half. His fourth goal in that match came from

1078-457: A group of friends from his neighbourhood, in the course of an interview a day after Eusébio's first match for Sporting Lourenço Marques against Desportivo Lourenço Marques, in which he scored three goals, Eusébio accused Desportivo Lourenço Marques head coach of being a racist, and, according to Eusébio, Desportivo's head coach was fired shortly after. Eusébio died at his home on 5 January 2014 of heart failure , aged 71. Many well-known people from

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1176-408: A local amateur team called Os Brasileiros (The Brazilians), in honour of the great Brazil national team of the 1950s that he and his friends formed, they would play under the names of some of those superstars. The balls they used were made of socks stuffed with newspapers rolled into spheres. He tried to enlist with some friends for the team Desportivo de Lourenço de Marques, his favourite team and

1274-426: A major public health effort, Uganda was certified as having eliminated maternal and neonatal tetanus in 2011. Tetanus toxoid can be given in case of suspected exposure to tetanus. In such cases, it can be given with or without tetanus immunoglobulin (also called tetanus antibodies or tetanus antitoxin ). It can be given as intravenous therapy or by intramuscular injection . The guidelines for such events in

1372-572: A memorial. Hours later, the name "Eusébio" was on the back of every Benfica players' shirts during " O Clássico ". Precisely one year after his death, the avenue in front of the Estádio da Luz was renamed Avenida Eusébio da Silva Ferreira , becoming its new address. On 3 July, his remains were moved to the National Pantheon , where notable Portuguese personalities are buried. Parliament voted unanimously for him to be interred there. Eusébio

1470-451: A nice approach. They went to speak to my mum, my brother, and offered €1,000 for three years. My brother asked for double and they paid it. They signed the contract with my mother and she got the money. [...] Sporting tried to spread the story that I'd stitched them up, but it was the other way round, because they tried to take me for free while Benfica were willing to pay." Hilário , a friend of Eusébio since childhood and former colleague at

1568-532: A penalty when two North Korean players tackled him after a fast run Eusébio had made from the middle of the Portuguese half to the opposition's penalty area. Portugal came back to win 5–3. In the semi-final match Portugal would have to face England . There was controversy about where the match would be hosted. Goodison Park in Liverpool was the original venue for the game. However, due to intervention from

1666-474: A person's breathing is affected. Tetanus occurs in all parts of the world, but is most frequent in hot and wet climates where the soil has a high organic content. In 2015, there were about 209,000 infections and about 59,000 deaths globally. This is down from 356,000 deaths in 1990. In the US, there are about 30 cases per year, almost all of which were in people who had not been vaccinated. An early description of

1764-704: A poll by the IFFHS and the tenth-best footballer of the 20th century in a poll by the World Soccer magazine. Pelé named Eusébio as one of the 125 best living footballers in his 2004 FIFA 100 list. He was seventh in the online poll for UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll . In November 2003, to celebrate UEFA's Jubilee, he was selected as the Golden Player of Portugal by the Portuguese Football Federation as their most outstanding player of

1862-583: A prolific goalscorer, accumulating 733 goals in 745 matches. Eusébio helped Portugal reach third place at the 1966 FIFA World Cup , being the top goalscorer of the tournament with nine goals. He remains Portugal's all-time top scorer at the World Cup. He won the Ballon d'Or in 1965 and was runner-up in 1962 and 1966 . He is Benfica's all-time top scorer with 473 goals in 440 competitive matches. There, his honours include eleven Primeira Liga titles and

1960-489: A puncture wound. With the changes in oxygen levels, the turkey drumstick-shaped endospore can quickly spread. The disease occurs almost exclusively in people who are inadequately immunized. It is more common in hot, damp climates with soil rich in organic matter . Manure -treated soils may contain spores, as they are widely distributed in the intestines and feces of many animals, such as horses, sheep, cattle, dogs, cats, rats, guinea pigs, and chickens. In agricultural areas,

2058-530: A significant number of human adults may harbor the organism. The spores can also be found on skin surfaces and in contaminated heroin . Rarely, tetanus can be contracted through surgical procedures, intramuscular injections, compound fractures, and dental infections. Animal bites can transmit tetanus. Tetanus is often associated with rust , especially rusty nails. Although rust itself does not cause tetanus, objects that accumulate rust are often found outdoors or in places that harbor soil bacteria. Additionally,

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2156-475: A talent he preferred to keep secret. Bauer first recommended Eusébio to his former club, São Paulo , but the Tricolor turned him down. Bauer had been asked by his former coach at São Paulo, Béla Guttmann , to keep an eye out for talented players during a ten-week tour to Africa, and when São Paulo could not afford the asking price for Eusébio, Bauer then recommended him to Guttmann, who was coaching Benfica at

2254-412: Is penicillin , but some raise the concern of provoking spasms because it inhibits GABA receptor , which is already affected by tetanospasmin. In 2013, it caused about 59,000 deaths—down from 356,000 in 1990. Tetanus, notably the neonatal form, remains a significant public health problem in non-industrialized countries, with 59,000 newborns dying worldwide in 2008 as a result of neonatal tetanus. In

2352-537: Is a clinical test for tetanus that involves touching the posterior pharyngeal wall with a soft-tipped instrument and observing the effect. A positive test result is the involuntary contraction of the jaw (biting down on the "spatula"), and a negative test result would normally be a gag reflex attempting to expel the foreign object. A short report in The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene states that, in an affected subject research study,

2450-724: Is a five-tier order, whose titles are awarded for relevant services to Portugal and for services in the expansion of the Portuguese culture , its history and its values (with a particular focus on its maritime history). The number of members in each grade is restricted by its constitution, and titles are conferred by special decree by the Grand Master of the Order, i.e., the President of Portugal . The order includes several classes; in decreasing order of seniority, these are: There

2548-451: Is also a Silver Medal ( Medalha de Prata – MedPIH) and a Gold Medal ( Medalha de Ouro – MedOIH). The special distinction of Grand Collar can be awarded only to heads of state. Ribbons and medals are characterized by equal stripes of blue, white and black (either horizontal or vertical) and a ruby-enameled golden cross pattée . The stars of Grand Officer and Grand Cross bear the inscription " Talant de bien faire ". Membership to

2646-488: Is higher in unvaccinated individuals, and in people over 60 years of age. The incubation period of tetanus may be up to several months, but is usually about ten days. In general, the farther the injury site is from the central nervous system , the longer the incubation period. However, shorter incubation periods will have more severe symptoms. In trismus nascentium (i.e. neonatal tetanus), symptoms usually appear from 4 to 14 days after birth, averaging about 7 days. On

2744-429: Is most frequently implicated, which may cause lockjaw, facial palsy , or ptosis , but other cranial nerves can also be affected. Cephalic tetanus may progress to a more generalized form of the disease. Due to its rarity, clinicians may be unfamiliar with the clinical presentation, and may not suspect tetanus as the illness. Treatment can be complicated, as symptoms may be concurrent with the initial injury that caused

2842-417: Is transported back through the axon until it reaches the central nervous system . Here, it selectively binds to and is transported into inhibitory neurons via endocytosis . It then leaves the vesicle for the neuron cytosol, where it cleaves vesicle associated membrane protein (VAMP) synaptobrevin , which is necessary for membrane fusion of small synaptic vesicles (SSV's). SSV's carry neurotransmitter to

2940-528: Is typically 3 to 21 days following infection. Recovery may take months; about 10% of cases prove to be fatal . C. tetani is commonly found in soil, saliva, dust, and manure. The bacteria generally enter through a break in the skin, such as a cut or puncture wound caused by a contaminated object. They produce toxins that interfere with normal muscle contractions. Diagnosis is based on the presenting signs and symptoms. The disease does not spread between people. Tetanus can be prevented by immunization with

3038-536: The 1966 World Cup , they were drawn in Group 3 , alongside Bulgaria , Hungary and the reigning champions Brazil. After a modest performance against Hungary in the first game, Eusébio scored a goal against Bulgaria. Topping the group with two wins, the team would play against the Brazilians for the final group match. With an injured Pelé, Portugal had no trouble in defeating them with two goals from Eusébio, including

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3136-464: The Golden Boot (with nine goals) for the 1966 World Cup, Eusébio also set a record that year for the most penalties scored (shoot-out not included), with four. Eusébio's four goals against North Korea in the quarter-final match also helped Portugal tie the record for largest deficit overcome in a win (three goals, equaling Austria in 1954 ) and he became the fifth player to score as many goals in

3234-576: The Grupo Desportivo de Lourenço Marques , died from tetanus when Eusébio was eight years old in 1950, so the widowed Elisa almost exclusively raised young Eusébio alone. Absorbed by football since an early age, Eusébio studied until the 4th grade (concluded through a final exam when he was already in mainland Portugal where he would play for SL Benfica), the only among his brothers and sisters without post- primary education . Three of his siblings became engineers. Eusébio first started to play for

3332-713: The Portuguese Parliament eight times to talk to António de Oliveira Salazar who ruled the country from 1932 to 1968 as the virtual dictator of the Estado Novo regime. Eusébio had invitations from big clubs in Europe, and was interested in signing for them, but could not because the "godfather", as he recalled Salazar, would not let him go. After the Carnation Revolution of 1974 in Lisbon and

3430-593: The Portuguese government declared three days of national mourning. Hundreds of thousands paid tribute to him. On 6 January 2014, a mass was held at the Igreja do Seminário do Largo da Luz. On 9 January, one of his wishes was granted as his coffin was transported around the field of the Estádio da Luz . Three days later, his statue (inaugurated on his 50th birthday) at the Praça Centenarium was transformed into

3528-825: The Soccer Bowl '76 to win the NASL title. The same year, he played ten games for Monterrey in the Mexican league. The following season (1977), he signed for the Las Vegas Quicksilvers. By this time, injuries had taken their toll on the Black Panther, and he was constantly receiving medical treatment whilst playing for the Quicksilvers. During the season, he only managed to score two goals. Although his knees robbed him of his ability to continue in

3626-504: The strychnine -like toxin of tetanus from free-living, anaerobic soil bacteria. The etiology of the disease was further elucidated in 1884 by Antonio Carle and Giorgio Rattone, two pathologists of the University of Turin , who demonstrated the transmissibility of tetanus for the first time. They produced tetanus in rabbits by injecting pus from a person with fatal tetanus into their sciatic nerves, and testing their reactions while tetanus

3724-456: The tetanus vaccine . In those who have a significant wound and have had fewer than three doses of the vaccine, both vaccination and tetanus immune globulin are recommended. The wound should be cleaned, and any dead tissue should be removed. In those who are infected, tetanus immune globulin, or, if unavailable, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is used. Muscle relaxants may be used to control spasms. Mechanical ventilation may be required if

3822-412: The 1960–61 Taça de Portugal . The game was controversially scheduled for the day after the European Cup final against Barcelona and the Portuguese Football Federation did not postpone it. As the first team was returning from Bern , Benfica played with the reserve squad and was defeated 1–4. Eusébio scored a goal and missed a penalty (the first of only five he missed throughout his career), but this

3920-568: The Benfica's local representative (Rodrigues de Carvalho, a major ) had been mediated in Mozambique, in June 1960, by one of Eusébio's brothers who was an engineer by training and intervened as an informal sports agent on the behalf of his brother, and included the payment of 250,000 Portuguese escudos to Elisa Anissabene, the mother of Eusébio (an initial offer of 110,000 escudos which raised to

4018-670: The Campeonato Distrital de Lourenço Marques in his last season with the club, in 1960. From 1957 to 1960, Eusébio scored a total of 77 goals in 42 appearances playing for the main team of Sporting Lourenço Marques. On 15 December 1960, Eusébio arrived in Lisbon , when he was 18 years old, but he would only join Benfica in May 1961, already as an 19-year-old, after the transfer from his local club Sporting Lourenço Marques for 400,000 Portuguese escudos (equivalent to €193,219 in 2023)

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4116-516: The English officials, the venue changed to Wembley. It was rumoured that this had happened because of fear from English officials of the Portuguese performance and embarrassment if England lost in their own country with a debuting team. Portugal had to make a last-minute train trip from Liverpool to London . Throughout the game Eusébio was closely marked by England's defensive midfielder Nobby Stiles , but still managed to score Portugal's only goal from

4214-597: The Meia Praia beach, in Lagos , Algarve region, where he would remain for twelve days until the transfer upheaval calmed down (Eusébio was awarded his 4th grade diploma while he was hidden in the Algarve). Fearing that Eusébio would "escape", Benfica's representatives reportedly warned him of the "danger of being run over". Eusébio then told his mother: "Mum, I'm going back because there are men here who want to hurt me." In

4312-493: The Mozambican club, tried at Lisbon to convince Eusébio to go to Sporting CP. Hilário went to Benfica's dorms, met Eusébio there and Eusébio left the building with Hilário. On behalf of Sporting CP, Hilário offered him an improved professional contract instead of a trial period at the club. Sporting CP's contract offer was the double of Benfica's, included the necessary funds to allow the financial compensation of Benfica for

4410-746: The NASL, Eusébio wanted to continue to play soccer. He found a home in 1978 with the New Jersey Americans of the second-tier American Soccer League (ASL). He went on to play five games for the Buffalo Stallions during the 1979–80 Major Indoor Soccer League season. He retired in 1979 and formed part of the technical committee of the Portugal national football team . Eusébio was the leading scorer for his country, with 41 goals in 64 matches, until Pauleta equalled and surpassed his record against Latvia on 12 October 2005. Eusébio

4508-511: The Order is conferred by the President, either on his own initiative, upon the recommendation of his Ministers or following nomination by the Council of the Order. Tetanus Tetanus (from Ancient Greek τέτανος  'tension, stretched, rigid'), also known as lockjaw , is a bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani and characterized by muscle spasms . In

4606-462: The United States for people at least 11 years old (and not pregnant) are as follows: Mild cases of tetanus can be treated with: Severe cases will require admission to intensive care . In addition to the measures listed above for mild tetanus: Drugs, such as diazepam or other muscle relaxants , can be given to control the muscle spasms. In extreme cases, it may be necessary to paralyze

4704-503: The United States, from 2000 through 2007, an average of 31 cases were reported per year. Nearly all of the cases in the United States occur in unimmunized individuals, or individuals who have allowed their inoculations to lapse. Tetanus is found primarily in goats and sheep. The following are clinical symptoms found in affected goats and sheep. Extended head and neck, tail rigors (tail becomes rigid and straight), abnormal gait (walking becomes stiff and abnormal), arched back, stiffness of

4802-596: The above-mentioned deregulation of motor neurons and muscle tension. There are currently no blood tests for diagnosing tetanus. The diagnosis is based on the presentation of tetanus symptoms, and does not depend upon isolation of the bacterium, which is recovered from the wound in only 30% of cases, and can be isolated from people without tetanus. Laboratory identification of C. tetani can be demonstrated only by production of tetanospasmin in mice. Having recently experienced head trauma may indicate cephalic tetanus if no other diagnosis has been made. The "spatula test"

4900-723: The age of seven, the tetanus vaccine is often administered as a combined vaccine, DPT/DTaP vaccine , which also includes vaccines against diphtheria and pertussis . For adults and children over seven, the Td vaccine (tetanus and diphtheria) or Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis) is commonly used. The World Health Organization certifies countries as having eliminated maternal or neonatal tetanus . Certification requires at least two years of rates of less than 1 case per 1,000 live births. In 1998 in Uganda , 3,433 tetanus cases were recorded in newborn babies; of these, 2,403 died. After

4998-613: The basis of clinical findings, four different forms of tetanus have been described. Generalized tetanus is the most common type of tetanus, representing about 80% of cases. The generalized form usually presents with a descending pattern. The first sign is trismus or lockjaw, then facial spasms (called risus sardonicus ), followed by stiffness of the neck, difficulty in swallowing, and rigidity of pectoral and calf muscles. Other symptoms include elevated temperature, sweating, elevated blood pressure , and episodic rapid heart rate. Spasms may occur frequently and last for several minutes, with

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5096-399: The bench to substitute Santana . Shortly after coming in, Santos reached 0–5. However, between the 63rd and the 80th minute, Eusébio scored 3 goals and suffered a foul inside the penalty area, the penalty taker, José Augusto , failed to score though. The game finished 6–3 for Santos, with Eusébio being on the cover of the famed French sporting newspaper L'Équipe . His following season was

5194-466: The bloodstream, where it binds to the presynaptic membrane of a motor neuron . The heavy chain C-terminal domain aids in the binding to the correct site, recognizing and binding to the correct glycoproteins and glycolipids in the presynaptic membrane. The toxin binds to a site that will be taken into the neuron as an endocytic vesicle that will travel down the axon, past the cell body, and down

5292-469: The body shaped into a characteristic form called opisthotonos . Spasms continue for up to four weeks, and complete recovery may take months. Neonatal tetanus ( trismus nascentium ) is a form of generalized tetanus that occurs in newborns, usually those born to mothers who themselves have not been vaccinated. If the mother has been vaccinated against tetanus, the infants acquire passive immunity , and are thus protected. It usually occurs through infection of

5390-545: The club as " racist ". Moreover, he also said he did not like Sporting CP while mentioning the kidnapping story "they made up" regarding his transfer to Benfica: "What I do not like is Sporting [CP]" [...] "I do not even like Sporting from there [Mozambique], let alone the one from here [Portugal]". Eusébio liked Desportivo Lourenço Marques, Benfica's feeder team in Mozambique that shared identical symbols and motto with Benfica, just like his brother and late father. After he had been accepted by Sporting Lourenço Marques together with

5488-428: The dendrites to the dendritic terminal at the spine and central nervous system. Here, it will be released into the synaptic cleft , and allowed to bind with the presynaptic membrane of inhibitory neurons in a similar manner seen with the binding to the motor neuron. Tetanus toxin is then internalized again via endocytosis , this time, in an acidic vesicle. In a mechanism not well understood, depolarization caused by

5586-426: The disease had been largely eliminated from all but 25 countries. Neonatal tetanus is rare in developed countries . Local tetanus is an uncommon form of the disease, in which people have persistent contraction of muscles in the same anatomic area as the injury. The contractions may persist for many weeks before gradually subsiding. Local tetanus is generally milder; only about 1% of cases are fatal, but it may precede

5684-602: The disease was made by Hippocrates in the 5th century BC. The cause of the disease was determined in 1884 by Antonio Carle and Giorgio Rattone at the University of Turin , and a vaccine was developed in 1924. Tetanus often begins with mild spasms in the jaw muscles —also known as lockjaw. Similar spasms can also be a feature of trismus . The spasms can also affect the facial muscles , resulting in an appearance called risus sardonicus . Chest, neck, back, abdominal muscles, and buttocks may be affected. Back muscle spasms often cause arching, called opisthotonus . Sometimes,

5782-462: The early hours of 13 May 1961, those in charge of Eusébio's transfer to Benfica occasionally bumped into Jaime Catarino Duarte, son of António Catarino Duarte who was the president of the club at the time, and the son of the president wanted to know where the case stood. He was told that almost everything had been taken care of, with just 400,000 escudos (400 contos ) missing before Eusébio could finally be registered by Benfica. Catarino Duarte provided

5880-461: The final 250,000 escudos in November amid growing interest from other football clubs). Benfica discovered Eusébio due to the efforts of Brazilian former player José Carlos Bauer , who saw him at Lourenço Marques in 1960. Although he preferred playing with the right side foot, Eusébio could use the left side just as well. At times, Eusébio would surprise opponents with his dribbling ability, seemingly

5978-415: The firing of the inhibitory neuron causes the toxin to be pulled into the neuron inside vesicles. The toxin then needs a way to get out of the vesicle and into the neuron cytosol for it to act on its target. The low pH of the vesicle lumen causes a conformational change in the toxin, shifting it from a water-soluble form to a hydrophobic form. With the hydrophobic patches exposed, the toxin can slide into

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6076-630: The first division, and União de Tomar , in the Second Division . He also played in the North American Soccer League (NASL), for three different teams, from 1975 to 1977: Boston Minutemen (1975), Toronto Metros-Croatia (1976), and the Las Vegas Quicksilvers (1977). His most successful season in the NASL was in 1976 with Toronto Metros-Croatia. He scored the winning goal in their 3–0 victory at

6174-542: The football world expressed their condolences and praise, including his contemporaries Franz Beckenbauer and Bobby Charlton . The Portuguese Football Federation made a statement and said that a moment of silence was to be observed in Portuguese football matches. There were tributes from Cristiano Ronaldo , Luís Figo , José Mourinho , Carlos Queiroz , FIFA President Sepp Blatter UEFA president Michel Platini , Greg Dyke , and former President of Mozambique and childhood friend Joaquim Chissano . Following Eusébio's death,

6272-450: The incurred costs to date, and, according to Hilário, he was successful in that endeavor, but at the end of the day he left Eusébio to rest overnight back in the dorms. Benfica found this meeting suspicious and instructed Eusébio to be codenamed Ruth Malosso . Moreover, fearing a "kidnapping" attempt by Sporting CP, Benfica moved Eusébio on 8 April 1961 to a holiday home owned by Domingos Claudino, former president of Benfica, and an hotel near

6370-560: The infection. Cephalic tetanus is more likely than other forms of tetanus to be fatal, with the progression to generalized tetanus carrying a 15–30% case fatality rate. Tetanus is caused by the tetanus bacterium, Clostridium tetani . The disease is an international health problem, as C. tetani endospores are ubiquitous. Endospores can be introduced into the body through a puncture wound ( penetrating trauma ). Due to C. tetani being an anaerobic bacterium, it and its endospores thrive in environments that lack oxygen , such as

6468-442: The jaw muscles, lockjaw, twitching of eyes, drooping eyelids, difficulty swallowing, difficulty or inability to eat and drink, abdominal bloat, spasms (uncontrolled muscular contractions) before death. Death sometimes is due to asphyxiation, secondary to respiratory paralysis. Tetanus was well known to ancient civilizations, who recognized the relationship between wounds and fatal muscle spasms. In 1884, Arthur Nicolaier isolated

6566-416: The light chain (unfolded from the low pH environment) to leave through the toxin pore, or that the pore could alter the electrochemical gradient enough, by letting in or out ions, to cause osmotic lysis of the vesicle, spilling the vesicle's contents. The light chain of the tetanus toxin is zinc-dependent protease . It shares a common zinc protease motif (His-Glu-Xaa-Xaa-His) that researchers hypothesized

6664-414: The low-oxygen (anaerobic) environment may exist under the skin, and the puncturing object can deliver endospores to a suitable environment for growth. It is a common misconception that rust itself is the cause; a related misconception is that a puncture from a rust-free nail is not a risk. Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) binds to the presynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction , is internalized, and

6762-500: The membrane for release, so inhibition of this process blocks neurotransmitter release. Tetanus toxin specifically blocks the release of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine from inhibitory neurons. These neurotransmitters keep overactive motor neurons from firing, and also play a role in the relaxation of muscles after contraction. When inhibitory neurons are unable to release their neurotransmitters, motor neurons fire out of control, and muscles have difficulty relaxing. This causes

6860-401: The most common type, the spasms begin in the jaw, and then progress to the rest of the body. Each spasm usually lasts for a few minutes. Spasms occur frequently for three to four weeks. Some spasms may be severe enough to fracture bones . Other symptoms of tetanus may include fever , sweating , headache , trouble swallowing , high blood pressure , and a fast heart rate . Onset of symptoms

6958-404: The muscle spasms and spastic paralysis seen in tetanus infection. The tetanus toxin, tetanospasmin , is made up of a heavy chain and a light chain. There are three domains, each of which contributes to the pathophysiology of the toxin. The heavy chain has two of the domains. The N-terminal side of the heavy chain helps with membrane translocation, and the C-terminal side helps the toxin locate

7056-424: The necessary funds and the transfer was finalized. The transferring of Eusébio's registration from Sporting Lourenço Marques to Benfica was concluded and he made his first appearance for them against Atlético Clube de Portugal in a friendly game on 23 May 1961. He scored a hat-trick in a 4–2 victory. His debut in an official match was on 1 June 1961, against Vitória de Setúbal , in the third round second leg of

7154-490: The one where he started to gain global recognition among football fans and critics alike. He scored 12 goals in 17 league matches, and even though the club finished third, they won the Taça de Portugal against Vitória de Setúbal, with Eusébio scoring two goals in the final. In that same season, he won the European Cup , also scoring two goals in the final against Real Madrid in a 5–3 result to Benfica. Due to his fine form during

7252-405: The onset of generalized tetanus. Cephalic tetanus is the rarest form of the disease (0.9–3% of cases), and is limited to muscles and nerves in the head. It usually occurs after trauma to the head area, including: skull fracture , laceration, eye injury, dental extraction , and otitis media , but it has been observed from injuries to other parts of the body. Paralysis of the facial nerve

7350-457: The past 50 years. Shortly after Eusébio's death, Di Stéfano stated: "For me Eusébio will always be the best player of all time". Eusébio was born in the Mafalala neighbourhood, Lourenço Marques (now Maputo), Portuguese Mozambique on 25 January 1942. His parents were Laurindo António da Silva Ferreira, a white railroad worker from Malanje , Portuguese Angola , and his wife Elisa Anissabeni,

7448-403: The penalty spot in the 82nd minute, ending yet-to-be broken records of seven consecutive clean sheets and 708 minutes without conceding a goal for the English team. After scoring the penalty, Eusébio went on to catch the ball and saluted Gordon Banks . The goal was not enough to nullify Bobby Charlton 's two earlier goals. António Simões had a last-minute chance only for Stiles to make it into

7546-408: The penalty spot. Although Lev Yashin guessed the side in which the ball would go, he was powerless to save it. Again and as he had done before with Banks, Eusébio went to salute his friend Yashin after he had scored. Portugal won the game 2–1 to what remains their best ever World Cup participation, and the best performance by a team on its debut since Italy's victory in 1934 . In addition to winning

7644-400: The person with curare -like drugs, and use a mechanical ventilator. To survive a tetanus infection, the maintenance of an airway and proper nutrition are required. An intake of 3,500 to 4,000 calories (15,000 to 17,000 kJ) and at least 150 g of protein per day is often given in liquid form through a tube directly into the stomach ( percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ), or through

7742-417: The rough surface of rusty metal provides crevices for dirt containing C. tetani , while a nail affords a means to puncture skin and deliver endospores deep within the body at the site of the wound. An endospore is a non-metabolizing survival structure that begins to metabolize and cause infection once in an adequate environment. Hence, stepping on a nail (rusty or not) may result in a tetanus infection, as

7840-448: The scores 1–1, he came close to winning the game for Benfica in the dying seconds of the game, only to have his shot saved by Alex Stepney . Despite this, and the fact that the English side went on to win 4–1 in extra time, he openly congratulated Stepney for his efforts throughout the game, stopping to applaud Stepney, as he threw the ball back into play. He received a number of individual accolades and awards while playing for Benfica. He

7938-469: The season, he finished second in the 1962 Ballon d'Or , in his first complete season as a professional. In October 1963, he was selected to represent the FIFA team in the "Golden Anniversary" of The Football Association at Wembley Stadium . Benfica were also European Cup runners-up in 1963 , 1965 and 1968 . In the 1968 defeat to the English league champions Manchester United at Wembley Stadium, with

8036-572: The spasms affect muscles utilized during inhalation and exhalation , which can lead to breathing problems. Prolonged muscular action causes sudden, powerful, and painful contractions of muscle groups, called tetany . These episodes can cause fractures and muscle tears. Other symptoms include fever , headache , restlessness, irritability , feeding difficulties, breathing problems , burning sensation during urination , urinary retention , and loss of stool control . Even with treatment, about 10% of people who contract tetanus die. The mortality rate

8134-522: The spatula test had a high specificity (zero false-positive test results) and a high sensitivity (94% of infected people produced a positive test). Unlike many infectious diseases, recovery from naturally acquired tetanus does not usually result in immunity . This is due to the extreme potency of the tetanospasmin toxin. Tetanospasmin will likely be lethal before it will provoke an immune response. Tetanus can be prevented by vaccination with tetanus toxoid . The CDC recommends that adults receive

8232-452: The specific receptor site on the correct neuron. The light chain domain cleaves the VAMP protein once it arrives in the inhibitory neuron cytosol. There are four main steps in tetanus's mechanism of action: binding to the neuron, internalization of the toxin, membrane translocation, and cleavage of the target VAMP. The toxin travels from the wound site to the neuromuscular junction through

8330-627: The subsequent independence of Portugal's overseas territory of Mozambique as the People's Republic of Mozambique in 1975, Eusébio lost all of his property and investments in the African country. In a 2011 interview, Eusébio said that he did not like Sporting Lourenço Marques (Sporting CP's affiliate club in Mozambique) because in his neighbourhood it was deemed a club of the elites and the police, which did not like people of color . Eusébio described

8428-440: The time. Guttman moved quickly and signed the then-19-year-old. Sporting Lourenço Marques was an affiliate team of Sporting CP, and the latter disputed the legality of his transfer to Benfica. Eusébio once said: "I used to play for Sporting's feeder club in Mozambique. Benfica wanted to pay me in a contract to go [to Portugal] while Sporting wanted to take me as a junior player for the experience with no monetary reward. Benfica made

8526-442: The unhealed umbilical stump , particularly when the stump is cut with a non-sterile instrument. As of 1998, neonatal tetanus was common in many developing countries , and was responsible for about 14% (215,000) of all neonatal deaths. In 2010, the worldwide death toll was approximately 58,000 newborns. As the result of a public health campaign, the death toll from neonatal tetanus was reduced by 90% between 1990 and 2010, and by 2013,

8624-401: The vesicle membrane. The toxin forms an ion channel in the membrane that is nonspecific for Na , K , Ca , and Cl ions. There is a consensus among experts that this new channel is involved in the translocation of the toxin's light chain from the inside of the vesicle to the neuron cytosol, but the mechanism is not well understood or agreed upon. It has been proposed that the channel could allow

8722-475: Was a boy with a potential, that it would be good to take advantage while I was still unknown. Juventus proposed but my mum never wanted to hear anything from anyone". Eusébio played his first two seasons with Sporting Lourenço Marques' youth team while he also made a few appearances in the senior team. Then he was promoted to the main squad and would win the Campeonato Provincial de Moçambique and

8820-492: Was also the most capped Portuguese player from 1972, until Nené made his 64th cap against Yugoslavia on 2 June 1984 in a friendly match, breaking Eusébio's record during the UEFA Euro 1984 on 20 June against Romania. He made his debut for the Portugal national team against Luxembourg on 8 October 1961, a match his country lost 4–2, with the player scoring his country's first goal in the match. After Portugal qualified for

8918-464: Was developed by P. Descombey in 1924, and was widely used to prevent tetanus induced by battle wounds during World War II . The word tetanus comes from the Ancient Greek : τέτανος , romanized :  tetanos , lit.   'taut', which is further from the Ancient Greek : τείνειν , romanized :  teinein , lit.   'to stretch'. There

9016-448: Was essential for target cleavage, until this was more recently confirmed by experiment: when all zinc was removed from the neuron with heavy metal chelators , the toxin was inhibited, only to be reactivated when the zinc was added back in. The light chain binds to VAMP, and cleaves it between Gln and Phe . Without VAMP, vesicles holding the neurotransmitters needed for motor neuron regulation ( GABA and glycine) cannot be released, causing

9114-498: Was finally unlocked. It was a lengthy process and the legality of the signing was disputed since the beginning by Sporting CP, which tried to sign the player as well. In the first few weeks of 1961, the Portuguese Directorate-General for Sports ruled in favour of Sporting CP's interests; soon after, the Portuguese Football Federation ruled in favour of Benfica's arguments. The agreement to sign Eusébio with

9212-484: Was not enough to win the round (4–5 on aggregate). On 10 June 1961, Eusébio played for the first time in the Primeira Divisão , the last match day against Belenenses , where he scored a goal in a 4–0 win. On 15 June, Benfica played the final of the invitational Tournoi de Paris against Pelé 's Santos , and in the beginning of the second half, with Benfica down 0–4, Béla Guttmann decided to bring Eusébio from

9310-424: Was spreading. In 1891, C. tetani was isolated from a human victim by Kitasato Shibasaburō , who later showed that the organism could produce disease when injected into animals, and that the toxin could be neutralized by specific antibodies . In 1897, Edmond Nocard showed that tetanus antitoxin induced passive immunity in humans, and could be used for prophylaxis and treatment. Tetanus toxoid vaccine

9408-1127: Was the 1965 European Footballer of the Year (Ballon d'Or) and finished as runner-up twice, in 1962 and 1966, and in 1968 was the first winner of the Golden Boot Award, as Europe's leading scorer, a feat he repeated five years later. He was the Portuguese First Division 's top scorer seven times (1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1970 and 1973), helping Benfica to win 11 Primeira Liga (1960–61, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1970–71, 1971–72, 1972–73 and 1974–75), 5 Portuguese Cup wins (1961–62, 1963–64, 1968–69, 1969–70 and 1971–72), 1 European Cup win (1961–62) and 3 European Cup finals (1962–63, 1964–65 and 1967–68). Eusébio scored 473 goals in 440 official matches for Benfica, including 317 goals in 301 Primeira Liga matches, and 59 goals in 78 matches of UEFA club competitions. Overall, he scored 727 goals in 715 matches wearing Benfica's jersey. In 1976–77 and 1977–78, Eusébio played for two smaller Portuguese clubs, Beira-Mar , in

9506-471: Was the first ever player to win the European Golden Boot , in 1968, a feat he replicated in 1973. From his retirement until his death, Eusébio was an ambassador of football and was one of the most recognizable faces of his generation. His name often appears in best player of all time lists and polls by football critics and fans. He was elected the ninth-best footballer of the 20th century in

9604-538: Was the first footballer to be buried at the Pantheon. In September 2019, Eusébio was, along with Maria Mutola , referred by Pope Francis as an example of perseverance, during the latter's visit to Mozambique. Eusébio has been called "Africa's first great footballer" and "Africa's greatest-ever player". Sporting de Lourenço Marques Benfica Toronto Metros-Croatia Portugal Individual Orders General Specific Order of Prince Henry It

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