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74-700: The museum was founded in 1897 by art historian George Fisk Comfort (who also helped found the Metropolitan Museum of Art ); at that time, it was called the Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts. On the evening of 22 January 1897, the inaugural meeting was held in the May Memorial Church in Syracuse. In 1911, it announced that it would seek to collect only American art. Over time, the museum occupied several different buildings, including

148-464: A Jackson Pollock painting from the museum’s collection under a practice known as “ deaccessioning .” The deaccessioned painting, entitled “Red Composition, 1946,” features Pollock’s signature paint-splatter technique on a bright red canvas. Director Elizabeth Dunbar stated that proceeds from the sale would be used to “fight racism inside and outside our walls” by purchasing art created by members of underrepresented communities. The Everson’s plan to sell

222-570: A 1952 article in ARTnews , Harold Rosenberg coined the term " action painting " and wrote that "what was to go on the canvas was not a picture but an event. The big moment came when it was decided to paint 'just to paint'. The gesture on the canvas was a gesture of liberation from value—political, aesthetic, moral." Many people assumed that he had modeled his "action painter" paradigm on Pollock. The Congress for Cultural Freedom , an organization to promote American culture and values, backed by

296-512: A Jackson Pollock without a Lee Pollock", whereas fellow painter Fritz Bultman referred to Pollock as Krasner's "creation, her Frankenstein", both men recognizing the immense influence Krasner had on Pollock's career. Jackson Pollock's influence on his wife's artwork is often discussed by art historians. Many people thought that Krasner began to reproduce and reinterpret her husband's chaotic paint splatters in her own work. There are several accounts where Krasner intended to use her own intuition as

370-498: A Pollock, "It filled out space going on and on because it did not have a start or end to it." Clement Greenberg supported Pollock's work on formalistic grounds. It fit well with Greenberg's view of art history as a progressive purification in form and elimination of historical content. He considered Pollock's work to be the best painting of its day and the culmination of the Western tradition via Cubism and Cézanne to Manet . In

444-536: A gallery contract with Peggy Guggenheim in July 1943. He received the commission to create the 8-by-20-foot (2.4 by 6.1 m) Mural (1943) for the entry to her new townhouse. At the suggestion of her friend and advisor Marcel Duchamp , Pollock painted the work on canvas, rather than the wall, so that it would be portable. After seeing the big mural, the art critic Clement Greenberg wrote: "I took one look at it and I thought, 'Now that's great art,' and I knew Jackson

518-516: A large boulder marking his grave and a smaller one marking hers. The work of Thomas Hart Benton , Pablo Picasso and Joan Miró influenced Pollock. Pollock started using synthetic resin-based paints called alkyd enamels, which at that time was a novel medium. Pollock described this use of household paints, instead of artist's paints, as "a natural growth out of a need". He used hardened brushes, sticks, and even basting syringes as paint applicators. Pollock's technique of pouring and dripping paint

592-583: A part of the painting, since this way I can walk round it, work from the four sides and literally be in the painting. This is akin to the methods of the Indian sand painters of the West." Other influences on his drip technique include the Mexican muralists and Surrealist automatism. Pollock denied reliance on "the accident"; he usually had an idea of how he wanted a particular work to appear. His technique combined

666-427: A picture for what it is—pure painting." Pollock's work has been the subject of important critical debates. Critic Robert Coates once derided a number of Pollock's works as "mere unorganized explosions of random energy, and therefore meaningless". Reynold's News , in a 1959 headline, said, "This is not art—it's a joke in bad taste." French abstract painter Jean Hélion , on the other hand, remarked on first seeing

740-485: A single-car crash in his Oldsmobile convertible while driving under the influence of alcohol. At the time, Krasner was visiting friends in Europe; she abruptly returned on hearing the news from a friend. One of the passengers, Edith Metzger, was also killed in the accident, which occurred less than a mile from Pollock's home. The other passenger, Ruth Kligman, survived. In December 1956, four months after his death, Pollock

814-623: A teenager. In November 1912, Stella took her sons to San Diego; Jackson was just 10 months old and would never return to Cody. He subsequently grew up in Arizona and Chico, California . While living in the Vermont Square neighborhood of Los Angeles, he enrolled at Manual Arts High School , from which he was expelled. He had already been expelled in 1928 from another high school. During his early life, Pollock explored Native American culture while on surveying trips with his father. He

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888-633: A way to move towards Pollock's I am nature technique in order to reproduce nature in her art. In 1955, Pollock painted Scent and Search , his last two paintings. He did not paint at all in 1956, but was making sculptures at Tony Smith 's home: constructions of wire, gauze, and plaster. Shaped by sand-casting, they have heavily textured surfaces similar to what Pollock often created in his paintings. Pollock and Krasner's relationship began to crumble by 1956, owing to Pollock's continuing alcoholism and infidelity involving another artist, Ruth Kligman . On August 11, 1956, at 10:15 p.m., Pollock died in

962-413: A young photographer, wanted to take pictures—both stills and moving—of Pollock at work. Pollock promised to start a new painting especially for the photographic session, but when Namuth arrived, Pollock apologized and told him the painting was finished. Namuth said that when he entered the studio: A dripping wet canvas covered the entire floor ... There was complete silence ... Pollock looked at

1036-435: Is designed to be a sculpture in itself. The design intention that I.M. Pei achieved was for the building to be a grand sculptural object surrounded by the modern architecture of the surrounding buildings of the city. He wanted his museum to stand out compared to the buildings next to it. He didn't want the building to be simply a "monumental container for art," but rather art in it of itself. The four cantilevered square spaces of

1110-438: Is interred at Tingley Cemetery, Ringgold County, Iowa . His father had been born with the surname McCoy, but took the surname of his adoptive parents. Stella and LeRoy Pollock were Presbyterian ; they were of Irish and Scots-Irish descent, respectively. LeRoy Pollock was a farmer and later a land surveyor for the government, moving for different jobs. Stella, proud of her family's heritage as weavers, made and sold dresses as

1184-478: Is it." Pollock's finest paintings ... reveal that his all-over line does not give rise to positive or negative areas: we are not made to feel that one part of the canvas demands to be read as figure, whether abstract or representational, against another part of the canvas read as ground. There is not inside or outside to Pollock's line or the space through which it moves. ... Pollock has managed to free line not only from its function of representing objects in

1258-618: Is now insured for US$ 140 million. In 2011, the Republican Iowa State Representative Scott Raecker introduced a bill to force the sale of the artwork, held by the University of Iowa, to fund scholarships, but his bill created such controversy that it was quickly withdrawn. One of Jackson Pollock's works is featured heavily in the film Ex Machina . A pivotal scene in the film contains a monologue where antagonist Nathan Bateman describes

1332-622: Is often considered to have tutored her husband in the tenets of modernistic painting. Pollock was then able to change his style to fit a more organized and cosmopolitan genre of modern art, and Krasner became the one judge he could trust. At the beginning of the two artists' marriage, Pollock would trust his peers' opinions on what did or did not work in his pieces. Krasner was also responsible for introducing him to many collectors, critics, and artists, including Herbert Matter , who would help further his career as an emerging artist. Art dealer John Bernard Myers once said "there would never have been

1406-690: Is shown in the documentary and states that the painting is on a primed canvas, which Pollock never used. Untitled 1950 , which the New York-based Knoedler Gallery had sold in 2007 for $ 17 million to Pierre Lagrange, a London hedge-fund multimillionaire, was subject to an authenticity suit before the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York . Done in the painter's classic drip-and-splash style and signed "J. Pollock",

1480-450: Is thought to be one of the origins of the term action painting . With this technique, Pollock was able to achieve his own signature style palimpsest paintings, with paints flowing from his chosen tool onto the canvas. By defying the convention of painting on an upright surface, he added a new dimension by being able to view and apply paint to his canvases from all directions. In 1936, Pollock participated in an experimental workshop run by

1554-491: Is very popular for residents of Syracuse. The Everson houses roughly 11,000 pieces of art, including paintings, sculpture, ceramics, and video. The Everson Museum of Art contains one of the most notable collections of ceramic art in the United States. In 1916, The Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts acquired a group of thirty-two works by renowned Syracuse-based potter Adelaide Alsop Robineau . After Robineau's death in 1929,

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1628-608: The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayal of Lee Krasner. The movie was the project of Harris, who was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor . Harris himself painted the works seen in the film. The Pollock-Krasner Foundation did not authorize or collaborate with any production. In September 2009, the art historian Henry Adams claimed in Smithsonian magazine that Pollock had written his name in his famous painting Mural (1943). The painting

1702-631: The Betty Parsons Gallery in New York, none of them sold. Parsons later sold one to a friend at half the price. These works show Pollock attempting to find a balance between abstraction and depictions of the figure . He later returned to using color and continued with figurative elements. During this period, Pollock had moved to the Sidney Janis Gallery , a more commercial gallery; the demand for his work from collectors

1776-656: The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), sponsored exhibitions of Pollock's work. Some left-wing scholars, including Eva Cockcroft , have argued that the United States government and wealthy elite embraced Pollock and abstract expressionism to place the United States in the forefront of global art and devalue socialist realism . Cockcroft wrote that Pollock became a "weapon of the Cold War ". Pollock described his art as "motion made visible memories, arrested in space". Pollock's staining into raw canvas

1850-527: The Oncenter complex. It is directly accessible from Interstate 81 Exit 18 (Adams Street / Harrison Street). The Everson has presented a number of exhibitions that are available for loan, either in entirety or broken down as individual artworks, including: 43°02′41″N 76°08′49″W  /  43.044732°N 76.146848°W  / 43.044732; -76.146848 George Fisk Comfort George Fisk Comfort (September 20, 1833 – May 5, 1910)

1924-464: The abstract expressionist movement, Pollock was widely noticed for his " drip technique " of pouring or splashing liquid household paint onto a horizontal surface, enabling him to view and paint his canvases from all angles. It was called all-over painting and action painting , since he covered the entire canvas and used the force of his whole body to paint, often in a frenetic dancing style. This extreme form of abstraction divided critics: some praised

1998-562: The 1978 catalogue. In the past, however, the Pollock-Krasner Foundation has declined to be involved in authentication cases. In 2006, a documentary, Who the *$ &% Is Jackson Pollock? , was made concerning Teri Horton, a truck driver who bought an abstract painting for five dollars at a thrift store in California in 1992. This work may be a lost Pollock painting, but its authenticity is debated. Thomas Hoving

2072-478: The Everson Museum of Art in the mid-1980s. The museum is a famous location for skateboarders , considered by some an “East Coast skate mecca." Filmmaker Bill Strobeck grew up outside of Syracuse and often came to Everson to skate with friends in the 1990s. It was in the plaza outside of the museum that Strobeck first started filming his friends skating. At that time, the museum welcomed the skaters to skate

2146-541: The Everson introduced Ching Ho Cheng 's "Intimate Illuminations", the first Chinese-American contemporary painter to exhibit a one-man show nationally. The Syracuse China Center for the Study of Ceramics is one of the largest ceramics collections in the nation, with pieces ranging from ancient sculpture and Ming dynasty porcelain up to contemporary works. The museum established one of the first video art collections in

2220-580: The History of Art in all countries and in all ages of art both pure and applied." Comfort died at the home of his son in Montclair, New Jersey in 1910. He was buried in the Oakwood Cemetery next to Syracuse University. Jackson Pollock Paul Jackson Pollock ( / ˈ p ɒ l ə k / ; January 28, 1912 – August 11, 1956) was an American painter. A major figure in

2294-580: The Mexican muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros. It was there that he first used liquid enamel paints, which he continued to incorporate in his paintings in the early to mid 1940s, long before he encountered the work of the Ukrainian American artist Janet Sobel (1894–1968) (born Jennie Lechovsky). Peggy Guggenheim included Sobel's work in her The Art of This Century Gallery in 1945. Jackson Pollock and art critic Clement Greenberg saw Sobel's work there in 1946 and later Greenberg noted that Sobel

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2368-609: The Onondaga Savings Bank and the Syracuse Public Library, but it outgrew each facility. In 1932, the Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts initiated their Ceramic National exhibitions, which became the most prestigious juried exhibition in the field of ceramics in the forty years that followed. In 1941, Helen Everson made a gift of $ 1 million to the city of Syracuse for the purpose of erecting an art museum. A groundbreaking took place in 1965, and in 1968

2442-648: The Pollock at a Christie’s auction on October 6, 2020, sparked controversy in art circles. The art critic Christopher Knight , writing in the Los Angeles Times , said that selling the Pollock was “inexcusable” and noted that the Everson’s trustees announced their plan over “the media black hole that is Labor Day weekend.” The Pollock’s estimated value was $ 12–18 million. It sold for $ 12 million ($ 13 million with auction premium). Skateboarders started skating at

2516-433: The United States; its video collection is the largest in the world. Nam June Paik exhibited early works at the Everson, including his United States retrospective in 1974. Bill Viola 's first job was as a video technician at the Everson; his works are now in the collection. The museum also has a collection of Arts and Crafts Movement furniture, featuring a number of works of Gustav Stickley . The Everson Museum of Art

2590-729: The board of the Metropolitan Museum of Art until 1872. In 1872, he was appointed professor of aesthetics and modern languages at the newly founded Syracuse University. He was instrumental in founding the College of Fine Arts at Syracuse University in 1873. In 1891, he was elected the president of the Southern College of Fine Arts in LaPorte, Texas . In 1896, he founded the Everson Museum of Art at Syracuse, holding its first exhibition in 1900. Under Comfort's leadership,

2664-556: The central challenge of artificial intelligence as engineering a cognitive state that is "not deliberate, not random, but somewhere in between," which he likens to the cognitive state Pollock achieves while painting. In 1973, Number 11, 1952 (also known as Blue Poles ) was purchased by the Australian Gough Whitlam government for the National Gallery of Australia for US$ 2 million (A$ 1.3 million at

2738-475: The couple found themselves free from work they enjoyed spending their time together cooking and baking, working on the house and garden, and entertaining friends. Krasner's influence on her husband's art was something critics began to reassess by the latter half of the 1960s due to the rise of feminism at the time. Krasner's extensive knowledge and training in modern art and techniques helped her bring Pollock up to date with what contemporary art should be. Krasner

2812-427: The drip style. Pollock's drip paintings were influenced by the artist Janet Sobel ; the art critic Clement Greenberg would later report that Pollock "admitted" to him that Sobel's work "had made an impression on him." Pollock's work after 1951 was darker in color, including a collection painted in black on unprimed canvases . These paintings have been referred to as his "Black pourings" and when he exhibited them at

2886-661: The early 1930s, Pollock spent a summer touring the Western United States together with Glen Rounds , a fellow art student, and Benton, their teacher. Pollock was introduced to the use of liquid paint in 1936 at an experimental workshop in New York City by the Mexican muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros . In the summer, he went to Dartmouth College to study José Clemente Orozco 's 3,200 square foot mural, “ The Epic of American Civilization .” He later used paint pouring as one of several techniques on canvases of

2960-858: The early 1940s, such as Male and Female and Composition with Pouring I . After his move to Springs, New York , he began painting with his canvases laid out on the studio floor and he developed what was later called his " drip " technique. From 1938 to 1942 Pollock worked for the WPA Federal Art Project . During this time Pollock was trying to deal with his established alcoholism; from 1938 through 1941 he underwent Jungian psychotherapy with Dr. Joseph L. Henderson and later with Dr. Violet Staub de Laszlo in 1941–42. Henderson engaged him through his art, encouraging Pollock to make drawings. Jungian concepts and archetypes were expressed in his paintings. Some psychiatrists have hypothesized that Pollock might have had bipolar disorder . Pollock signed

3034-487: The event. In November, they moved out of the city to the Springs area of East Hampton on the south shore of Long Island . With the help of a down-payment loan from Peggy Guggenheim, they bought a wood-frame house and barn at 830 Springs Fireplace Road. Pollock converted the barn into a studio. In that space, he perfected his big "drip" technique of working with paint, with which he would become permanently identified. When

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3108-589: The field of ceramics. Purchase prizes were given to artists each year, which added pieces by such artists as Waylande Gregory , Maija Grotell , Marguerite Wildenhain , Peter Voulkos , Otto and Vivika Heino , Maria Martinez , Gertrud and Otto Natzler, and Robert Turner to the museum's collection. Paintings include one of Gilbert Stuart 's portraits of George Washington , Edward Hicks 's The Peaceable Kingdom , and works by Eastman Johnson , Charles Burchfield , Helen Frankenthaler , Jackson Pollock and others as well as outdoors sculptures ( Marja Vallila ). In 1980

3182-501: The force of his whole body to paint, which was expressed on the large canvases. In 1956, Time magazine dubbed Pollock "Jack the Dripper" due to his painting style. My painting does not come from the easel. I prefer to tack the unstretched canvas to the hard wall or the floor. I need the resistance of a hard surface. On the floor I am more at ease. I feel nearer, more part of the painting, since this way I can walk around it, work from

3256-485: The four sides and literally be in the painting. I continue to get further away from the usual painter's tools such as easel, palette, brushes, etc. I prefer sticks, trowels, knives and dripping fluid paint or a heavy impasto with sand, broken glass or other foreign matter added. When I am in my painting, I'm not aware of what I'm doing. It is only after a sort of "get acquainted" period that I see what I have been about. I have no fear of making changes, destroying

3330-459: The greatest living painter in the United States?" Thanks to the mediation of Alfonso Ossorio , a close friend of Pollock, and the art historian Michel Tapié , the young gallery owner Paul Facchetti , from March 7, 1952, managed to realize the first exhibition of Pollock's works from 1948 to 1951 in his Studio Paul Facchetti in Paris and in Europe. At the peak of his fame, Pollock abruptly abandoned

3404-421: The image, etc., because the painting has a life of its own. I try to let it come through. It is only when I lose contact with the painting that the result is a mess. Otherwise there is pure harmony, an easy give and take, and the painting comes out well. Pollock observed Native American sandpainting demonstrations in the 1940s. Referring to his style of painting on the floor, Pollock stated, "I feel nearer, more

3478-422: The immediacy of the creation, while others derided the random effects. A reclusive and volatile personality, Pollock struggled with alcoholism for most of his life. In 1945, he married the artist Lee Krasner , who became an important influence on his career and on his legacy. Pollock died at age 44 in an alcohol-related single-car collision when he was driving. In December 1956, four months after his death, Pollock

3552-554: The indigenous people of British Columbia, in which the concept of space in totemist art is considered from an artist's point of view, influenced Pollock as well; Pollock owned a signed and dedicated copy of the Amerindian Number of Paalen's magazine (DYN 4–5, 1943). He had also seen Paalen's surrealist paintings in an exhibition in 1940. Another strong influence must have been Paalen's surrealist fumage technique, which appealed to painters looking for new ways to depict what

3626-441: The movement of his body, over which he had control, the viscous flow of paint, the force of gravity, and the absorption of paint into the canvas. It was a mixture of controllable and uncontrollable factors. Flinging, dripping, pouring, and spattering, he would move energetically around the canvas, almost as if in a dance, and would not stop until he saw what he wanted to see. Austrian artist Wolfgang Paalen 's article on totem art of

3700-542: The museum acquired a second group of her porcelains, including the famed Scarab Vase, whose carving reportedly took more than 1000 hours. The museum now contains more than 100 works by Robineau. In 1932, Museum director Anna Wetherill Olmsted founded the Ceramic National exhibitions as a tribute to Robineau. Over the next forty years, the Ceramic Nationals became the preeminent juried exhibition for

3774-441: The museum add to the sculptural feeling of the design. The exterior facades of these spaces are often utilized for events and by additional organizations. Groups will project movies, images, and short films onto the facade of these faces. People within the community will come together and sit in the neighboring courtyard to watch these projections. In September 2020, the Everson’s board of trustees unanimously voted to remove and sell

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3848-522: The museum developed the first regular educational program in a museum in America. Comfort's outline for art museums in the United States became the principal vision, based on the German model, for museums and museum education. His facility in the German language directly transported those ideas to the United States. His famous Union League Club address espoused an art museum for New York that "represent[ed]

3922-488: The new Everson Museum of Art opened. The new building was designed by architect I. M. Pei and is regarded as a work of art in its own right. The Everson Museum collaborates with Light Work and the Urban Video Project (UVP) to exhibit video art on the facade of the building, including important works by Bill Viola , Jenny Holzer , William Wegman , among others. In the summer, they host a film series which

3996-613: The painting. Then, unexpectedly, he picked up can and paint brush and started to move around the canvas. It was as if he suddenly realized the painting was not finished. His movements, slow at first, gradually became faster and more dance like as he flung black, white, and rust colored paint onto the canvas. He completely forgot that Lee and I were there; he did not seem to hear the click of the camera shutter ... My photography session lasted as long as he kept painting, perhaps half an hour. In all that time, Pollock did not stop. How could one keep up this level of activity? Finally, he said "This

4070-428: The plaza; it has since been made illegal. In 2007, on National Go Skateboarding Day , the museum made an exception, allowing skating at the plaza for the day. As of 2007, Central New York skateboarders have a campaign to re-open the plaza to skateboarding, using the saying "FREE eVe," meaning free the Everson Museum of Art. The museum is located in the southeast corner of Downtown Syracuse , at 401 Harrison Street, near

4144-443: The process of creation; they were influenced by his approach to the process, rather than the look of his work. In 2004, One: Number 31, 1950 was ranked the eighth-most influential piece of modern art in a poll of 500 artists, curators, critics, and dealers. In the early 1990s, three groups of movie makers were developing Pollock biographical projects, each based on a different source. The project that at first seemed most advanced

4218-502: The same year, he was also a prime mover in New York City for the foundation of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The following year Comfort published his Art Museums in America , a book outlining his vision for museums and museum education in the United States. His other publishing credits include a series of textbooks for the German language. His papers are held at Syracuse University and the Archives of American Art. Comfort remained on

4292-545: The time of payment). This was the highest price ever paid for a modern painting and the painting is now one of the most popular exhibits. The artwork contains only a fleeting reference to the real world and Blue Poles has become the flagship of autonomous art. Blue Poles was a centerpiece of the Museum of Modern Art 's 1998 retrospective in New York, the first time the painting had been shown in America since its purchase. In November 2006, Pollock's No. 5, 1948 became

4366-762: The world's most expensive painting, when it was sold privately to an undisclosed buyer for the sum of US$ 140 million. Another artist record was established in 2004, when No. 12 (1949), a medium-sized drip painting that had been shown in the United States Pavilion at the 1950 Venice Biennale , fetched US$ 11.7 million at Christie's , New York. In 2012, Number 28, 1951 , one of the artist's combinations of drip and brushwork in shades of silvery gray with red, yellow, and shots of blue and white, also sold at Christie's, New York, for US$ 20.5 million—US$ 23 million with fees—within its estimated range of US$ 20 million to US$ 30 million. In 2013, Pollock's Number 19 (1948)

4440-617: The world, but also from its task of describing or bounding shapes or figures, whether abstract or representational, on the surface of the canvas. Continuing to evade the viewer's search for figurative elements in his paintings, Pollock abandoned titles and started numbering his works. He said about this, "[L]ook passively and try to receive what the painting has to offer and not bring a subject matter or preconceived idea of what they are to be looking for." His wife said, "He used to give his pictures conventional titles ... but now he simply numbers them. Numbers are neutral. They make people look at

4514-419: Was "a direct influence on Jackson Pollock's drip painting technique". In his essay "American-Type Painting", Greenberg noted those works were the first of all-over painting he had seen, and said, "Pollock admitted that these pictures had made an impression on him". While painting this way, Pollock moved away from figurative representation, and challenged the Western tradition of using easel and brush. He used

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4588-593: Was a 19th-century American scholar and art exponent, and founder of both the Metropolitan Museum of Art , NY, and Everson Museum of Art , Syracuse, NY . Comfort was born in Berkshire, New York . He graduated from Wesleyan University in Middletown, CT with an A.B. degree (in classics) in 1857 and an A.M. degree in 1860. After completing his studies at Wesleyan, he traveled to Europe to study art history and archaeology where he stayed until 1865. In Berlin, Comfort

4662-427: Was a joint venture between Barbra Streisand 's Barwood Films and Robert De Niro 's TriBeCa Productions (De Niro's parents were friends of Krasner and Pollock). The script, by Christopher Cleveland, was to be based on Jeffrey Potter 's 1985 oral biography, To a Violent Grave , a collection of reminiscences by Pollock's friends. Streisand was to play the role of Lee Krasner, and De Niro was to portray Pollock. A second

4736-662: Was adapted by the Color Field painters Helen Frankenthaler and Morris Louis . Frank Stella made "all-over composition" a hallmark of his works of the 1960s. Joseph Glasco was introduced to Pollock by Alfonso Ossorio in 1949. Throughout his life, Glasco continued to reflect on Pollock’s artistic influence, particularly in the early to mid-1970s when his style changed to all-over collage paintings with their emphasis on rhythm and process. The Happenings artist Allan Kaprow , sculptors Richard Serra and Eva Hesse , and many contemporary artists have retained Pollock's emphasis on

4810-640: Was also heavily influenced by Mexican muralists , particularly José Clemente Orozco , whose fresco Prometheus he would later call "the greatest painting in North America". In 1930, following his older brother Charles Pollock , he moved to New York City, where they both studied under Thomas Hart Benton at the Art Students League . Benton's rural American subject matter had little influence on Pollock's work, but his rhythmic use of paint and his fierce independence were more lasting. In

4884-560: Was called the "unseen" or the "possible". The technique was once demonstrated in Matta's workshop, about which Steven Naifeh reports, "Once, when Matta was demonstrating the Surrealist technique [Paalen's] Fumage, Jackson [Pollock] turned to (Peter) Busa and said in a stage whisper: 'I can do that without the smoke. ' " Pollock's painter friend Fritz Bultman even stated, "It was Wolfgang Paalen who started it all." In 1950, Hans Namuth ,

4958-700: Was given a memorial retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City. A larger, more comprehensive exhibition of his work was held there in 1967. In 1998 and 1999, his work was honored with large-scale retrospective exhibitions at MoMA and at The Tate in London. For the rest of her life, his widow Lee Krasner managed his estate and ensured that Pollock's reputation remained strong despite changing art world trends. The couple are buried in Green River Cemetery in Springs with

5032-786: Was given a memorial retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City. A larger, more comprehensive exhibition of his work was held there in 1967. In 1998 and 1999, his work was honored with large-scale retrospective exhibitions at MoMA and the Tate Gallery in London. Paul Jackson Pollock was born in Cody, Wyoming , in January 28, 1912, the youngest of five brothers. His parents, Stella May (née McClure) and LeRoy Pollock, were born and grew up in Tingley, Iowa , and were educated at Tingley High School. Pollock's mother

5106-494: Was great. In response to this pressure, along with personal frustration, his alcoholism deepened. Pollock and Lee Krasner met while they both exhibited at the McMillen Gallery in 1942. Krasner was unfamiliar yet intrigued with Pollock's work and went to his apartment, unannounced, to meet him following the gallery exhibition. In October 1945, Pollock and Krasner were married in a church with two witnesses present for

5180-686: Was influenced by meetings and studies with the philosopher Friedrich Kaulbach , Carl Richard Lepsius (curator of Egyptology at the Berlin Museum ), Gemäldegalerie director Gustav Waagen , Leopold von Ranke , among others. From 1865 to 1868, he served as professor of languages at Allegheny College , Meadville, Pennsylvania . Comfort helped found the American Philological Association , whose first meeting he organized in Poughkeepsie, New York in 1869. In

5254-544: Was reportedly discovered in Bulgaria after international police agencies were able to track down a group of international art smugglers. The painting is reportedly worth up to 50 million euros. In 2024, Kasmin announced exclusive global representation of Jackson Pollock. Kasmin has been representing Lee Krasner since 2016. The Pollock-Krasner Authentication Board was created by the Pollock-Krasner Foundation in 1990 to evaluate newly found works for an upcoming supplement to

5328-443: Was sold by Christie's for a reported US$ 58,363,750 during an auction that ultimately reached US$ 495 million total sales in one night, which Christie's reports as a record to date as the most expensive auction of contemporary art. In February 2016, Bloomberg News reported that Kenneth C. Griffin had purchased Jackson Pollock's 1948 painting Number 17A for US$ 200 million, from David Geffen . In 2023, an unknown Pollock painting

5402-512: Was the greatest painter this country had produced." The catalog introducing his first exhibition described Pollock's talent as "volcanic. It has fire. It is unpredictable. It is undisciplined. It spills out of itself in a mineral prodigality, not yet crystallized." Pollock's most famous paintings were made during the "drip period" between 1947 and 1950. He became famous following an August 8, 1949, four-page spread in Life magazine that asked, "Is he

5476-480: Was to be based on Love Affair (1974), a memoir by Ruth Kligman , who was Pollock's lover in the six months before his death. This was to be directed by Harold Becker , with Al Pacino playing Pollock. In 2000, the biographical film Pollock , based on the Pulitzer Prize -winning biography, Jackson Pollock: An American Saga , directed by and starring Ed Harris , was released. Marcia Gay Harden won

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