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71-572: The Exotic Shorthair is a breed of cat developed as a short-haired version of the Persian . The Exotic is similar to the Persian in appearance with the exception of the short dense coat. In the late 1950s, the Persian was used as an outcross by some American Shorthair breeders. This was done in secret in order to improve their body type, and crosses were also made with the Russian Blue and

142-407: A 3-month randomized, prospective dietary intervention clinical trial are pending. In addition, recent research indicates that mild to moderate calorie restriction or time-restricted feeding slow the progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in mice. Patient communities have been combining both ketogenic diets and time-restricted feeding with a low-oxalate diet to prevent

213-592: A caravan heading for Bušehr , observes “an inhabitant of Yezd in Kirmania, who transported from Tauris [ Tabriz ] to Bombay about twenty beautiful angoras. For several years he constantly travelled between Persia and India and apparently profited from his strange commerce”. Recent genetic research indicates that present-day Persian cats are related not to cat breeds from the Near East , but to those from Western Europe , with researchers stating that "Even though

284-430: A liking to the look and started breeding towards the peke-face look. The over-accentuation of the breed's characteristics by selective breeding (called extreme- or ultra-typing ) produced results similar to the peke-faced Persians. The term peke-face has been used to refer to the ultra-typed Persian but it is properly used only to refer to red tabby Persians bearing the mutation. Many fanciers and CFA judges considered

355-641: A longhaired cat breed being exported from Iran from the 19th century onwards. Persian cats have been widely recognised by the North-West European cat fancy since the 19th century, and after World War II by breeders from North America, Australia and New Zealand. Some cat fancier organisations' breed standards subsume the Himalayan and Exotic Shorthair as variants of this breed, while others generally treat them as separate breeds. The selective breeding carried out by breeders has allowed

426-402: A more general name, though the organisations do not mix breed registries. The International Cat Association (TICA) groups the breed into three coat-pattern divisions for judging at cat shows traditional (with stable, rich colours), sepia ("paler and warmer than the traditional equivalents", and darkening a bit with age), and mink (much lighter than sepia, and developing noticeably with age on

497-469: A nature that I must be pardoned if I ignore the class of cat commonly called Angora". Dorothy Bevill Champion lays out the difference between the two types in the 1909 Everybody's Cat Book : Our pedigree imported long-hairs of to-day are undoubtedly a cross of the Angora and Persian; the latter possesses a rounder head than the former, also the coat is of quite a different quality. Bell goes on to detail

568-644: A new breed in 1966, under the name Exotic Shorthair. In 1987, the Cat Fanciers' Association closed the Exotic to shorthair outcrosses, leaving Persian as the only allowable outcross breed. The Exotic Shorthair is a medium to large sized breed just like the Persian. The head of the Exotic Shorthair is round and large. The ears are small with a well rounded tip that face low on the head. The cheeks are full and rounded. The eyes are large and round. The tail

639-562: A separate Exotic Longhair breed. Originating in England in 1882 by accident, a silver tabby and smoke-coloured Persian offspring produced Silver Lambkin, a cat regarded as the father of the chinchilla Persian line. Silver Lambkin was bred, and even members of the British royal family had his descendants. In the US, there was an attempt to establish the silver Persian as a separate breed called

710-704: A silver or shaded variant of most. Not counting bi-colour (piebald) or party-colour coats, nor genetically impossible combinations, there are nearly 1,000 named coat pattern variations in the TICA system for which the Persian/Himalayan qualifies. The Exotic Shorthair sub-breed qualifies for every cat coat variation that TICA recognises. Eye colours range widely and may include blue, copper, odd-eyed blue and copper, green, blue-green, and hazel. Various TICA and CFA coat categorisations come with specific eye-colour requirements. Polycystic kidney disease PKD

781-412: A very beautiful species of cats which are native to the province of Khorasan, but of another appearance and quality than those of Tyre [Lebanon]. We estimate them to be of high value; however, they mean nothing to the people of Khorasan. I am inclined to bring them to Rome and to populate Italy with this breed. Their size and their form are like those of ordinary cats. All their beauty is in their coat which

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852-457: A very general standard that does not specify a flattened face. In the late 1950s, a spontaneous mutation in red tabby Persians gave rise to the "peke-faced" Persian, named after the flat-faced Pekingese dog. It was registered as a distinct breed in the CFA, but fell out of favour by the mid-1990s due to serious health issues; only 98 were registered between 1958 and 1995. Despite this, breeders took

923-608: Is a breed developed in the late 1950s by outcrossing Persian cats with American Shorthairs . A Persian cat was presented at the first organised cat show , in 1871 in The Crystal Palace in London, England, organized by Harrison Weir . As specimens closer to the later established Persian conformation became the more popular types, attempts were made to differentiate it from the Angora . The first breed standard (then called

994-542: Is bred in Cabul, and some parts of Toorkistan. By us it is very improperly called "Persian", for very few are found in Persia, and none exported. The Cabulees call this cat bubuk [buruk?] or boorrak, and they encourage the growth of his long hair by washing it with soap and combing it.” Seeing as the British seemed to assume the majority of Persian cats stemmed from Afghanistan , there is reason to infer that no small portion of

1065-415: Is caused by abnormal genes that produce a specific abnormal protein; this protein has an adverse effect on tubule development. PKD is a general term for two types, each having their own pathology and genetic cause: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). The abnormal gene exists in all cells in the body; as a result, cysts may occur in

1136-410: Is caused by abnormal genes which produce a specific abnormal protein which has an adverse effect on tubule development. PKD is a general term for two types, each having their own pathology and genetic cause: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common of all

1207-423: Is characterized by a 'second hit' phenomenon, in which a mutated dominant allele is inherited from a parent, with cyst formation occurring only after the normal, wild-type gene sustains a subsequent second genetic 'hit', resulting in renal tubular cyst formation and disease progression. PKD results from defects in the primary cilium , an immotile, hair-like cellular organelle present on the surface of most cells in

1278-477: Is done at home or in the clinic depends on the method used and the patient's stability and training) and eventually, if they are eligible because of the nature and severity of their condition and if a suitable match can be found, unilateral or bilateral kidney transplantation . A Cochrane Review study of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease made note of the fact that it is important at all times, while avoiding antibiotic resistance , to control infections of

1349-790: Is gray without any speckles and without any spots, of one color throughout all the body, being a little lighter on the chest and the stomach which goes somewhat whitish, with an agreeable shade of light brown, as in paintings when one color is mixed with the other to give a marvelous effect. Albeit of unclear geographic faithfulness, the name Persian cat was eventually given to cats imported from Afghanistan , Iran , and likely some adjacent regions for marketing purposes in Europe. Persian-speakers themselves are not documented to refer to any breed of cat as "Persian cat", or gorba-ye pârsi . Instead, variations of gorbe-ye borāq , gorbe-ye barrāq , and gorbe-ye barāq appear in Persian dictionaries of

1420-409: Is made by abdominal CT exam. Complications include hypertension due to the activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), frequent cyst infections, urinary bleeding, and declining renal function. Hypertension is treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors ( ACEIs ) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Infections are treated with antibiotics. Declining renal function

1491-537: Is only known to have voiced his intention in a letter from 1620 but returned to Italy much later in 1626 after travelling several other countries with the remains of his wife in tow and no further mention of the cats. In his letter from 1620, Della Valle distinguishes the Khorasan cat from similar long-haired cats imported to Europe from the Near East by their grey coat: At this point I have found in this country

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1562-516: Is prevalent in the breed, affecting almost half of the population in some countries. In 2021, Persian cats were ranked as the fourth-most popular cat breed in the world according to the Cat Fanciers' Association , an American international cat registry. It is not clear when long-haired cats first appeared, as there are no known long-haired specimens of the African wildcat , the ancestor of

1633-477: Is short compared to the length of the body. Just like the British Shorthair and the Persian the Exotic Shorthair comes in all different colour variations. Because of the regular use of Persian as outcrosses, some Exotics may carry a copy of the recessive longhair gene. When two such cats mate, there is a 1 in 4 chance of each offspring being longhaired. Longhaired Exotics are not considered Persians by

1704-771: Is the less common of the two types of PKD, with an incidence of 1:20,000 live births and is typically identified in the first few weeks after birth. Unfortunately, the kidneys are often underdeveloped , resulting in a 30% death rate in newborns with ARPKD. PKHD1 is involved. Both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease cyst formation are tied to abnormal cilia -mediated signaling. The polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 proteins appear to be involved in both autosomal dominant and recessive polycystic kidney disease due to defects in both proteins. Both proteins have communication with calcium channel proteins, and cause reduction in resting (intracellular) calcium and endoplasmic reticulum storage of calcium. The disease

1775-524: Is translucent with only the tips carrying black pigment, a feature that gets lost when out-crossed to other coloured Persians. Out-crossing also may result in losing nose and lip liner, which is a fault in the Chinchilla Longhair breed standard. One of the distinctions of this breed is the blue-green or green eye colour only with kittens having blue or blue-purple eye colour. The breed standards of various cat fancier organisations may treat

1846-413: Is treated with renal replacement therapy (RRT): dialysis and/or transplantation . Management from the time of the suspected or definitive diagnosis is by an appropriately trained doctor. Signs and symptoms include high blood pressure, headaches, abdominal pain, blood in the urine , and excessive urination . Other symptoms include pain in the back, and cyst formation (renal and other organs). PKD

1917-595: The Burmese . The crossbreed look gained recognition in the show ring, but unhappy American Shorthair breeders successfully produced a new breed standard that would disqualify American Shorthairs that showed signs of crossbreeding . One American Shorthair breeder who saw the potential of the Persian/American Shorthair cross proposed and eventually got the Cat Fanciers' Association judge and American Shorthair breeder Jane Martinke to recognize them as

1988-476: The United States , Germany , Italy , and other parts of the world started to interpret the Persian standard differently, they developed the flat-nosed "peke-face" or "ultra-type" over time, as the result of two genetic mutations, without changing the name of the breed from "Persian". Some organisations, including the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA), consider the peke-face type as their modern standard for

2059-592: The liver , seminal vesicles , and pancreas . This genetic defect can also cause aortic root aneurysms , and aneurysms in the circle of Willis cerebral arteries , which if they rupture, can cause a subarachnoid hemorrhage . Diagnosis may be suspected from one, some, or all of the following: new onset flank pain or red urine; a positive family history; palpation of enlarged kidneys on physical exam; an incidental finding on abdominal sonogram ; or an incidental finding of abnormal kidney function on routine lab work ( BUN , serum creatinine , or eGFR ). Definitive diagnosis

2130-613: The points of excellence list) was issued in 1889 by cat show promoter Weir. Weir stated that the Persian differed from the Angora in the tail being longer, hair more full and coarse at the end, and head larger, with less pointed ears. Not all cat fanciers agreed with the idea of making (or creating) a distinction between the two types, and in The Book of the Cat of 1903, Francis Simpson states that "the distinctions, apparently with hardly any difference, between Angoras and Persians are of so fine

2201-525: The 1990s to disqualify Persians with the "upper edge of the nose leather above the lower edge of the eye" from Certificates or First Prizes in Kitten Open Classes. While ultra-typed cats do better in the show ring, the public seems to prefer the less extreme, older "doll-face" types. In 1950, the Siamese was crossed with the Persian to create a breed with the body type of the Persian but

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2272-470: The 19th and 20th centuries. In 1815, Lord Elphinstone described the cats in Kabul thus: The cats must also be noticed, at least the longhaired species called Boorauk, as they are exported in great numbers, and everywhere called Persian cats, though they are not numerous in the country from which they are named, and are seldom or never exported thence. In 1839 Lieutenant Irwin notes that “a variety of cat

2343-488: The Cat Fanciers' Association, although The International Cat Association accepts them as Persians. Other associations like the American Cat Fanciers Association register them as a separate Exotic Longhair breed. Like the Persian the Exotic Shorthair is a brachycephalic breed, meaning that it has problems as a result of having the nose and eyes in close proximity to each other, giving

2414-643: The Cat Fancy (GCCF) does likewise. In 2008, the Persian was the most popular breed of pedigree cats in the United States. In the UK ( GCCF ), registration numbers have decreased since the early 1990s and the Persian lost its top spot to the British Shorthair in 2001. As of 2012, it was the 6th most popular breed, behind the British Shorthair, Ragdoll, Siamese, Maine Coon and Burmese. In France,

2485-417: The Exotic Shorthair "the lazy man's Persian". Because of the regular use of Persians as outcrosses, some Exotics may carry a copy of the recessive longhair gene. When two such cats mate, there is a one in four chance of each offspring being longhaired. Longhaired Exotics are not considered Persians by CFA, although The International Cat Association accepts them as Persians. Other associations register them as

2556-480: The Himalayan and Exotic Shorthair (or simply Exotic) as variants of the Persian or as separate breeds. The Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) treats the Himalayan as a colour-pattern class of both the Persian and the Exotic, which have separate but nearly identical standards (differing in coat length). The Fédération Internationale Féline (FIFe) entirely subsumes what other registries call the Himalayan as simply among

2627-650: The Persian breed. Thus the retronym Traditional Persian was created to refer to the original type, which is still bred, mirroring the renaming of the original-style Siamese cat as the Traditional Siamese or Thai , to distinguish it from the long-faced modern development which has taken over as simply "the Siamese". Not all cat fancier groups recognise the Traditional Persian (at all, or as distinct), or give it that specific name. TICA has

2698-481: The Persian is the only breed whose registration declined between 2003 and 2007, dropping by more than a quarter. The most colour popular varieties, according to CFA registration data, are seal point, blue point, flame point and tortie point Himalayan, followed by black-white, shaded silvers and calico. A show-style Persian cat has an extremely long and thick coat, short legs, a wide head with ears set far apart, large eyes, and an extremely shortened muzzle. The breed

2769-566: The Sterling, but it was not accepted. Silver and golden Persians are recognized, as such, by CFA. In South Africa , the attempt to separate the breed was more successful; the Southern Africa Cat Council (SACC) registers cats with five generations of purebred Chinchilla as a Chinchilla Longhair. The Chinchilla Longhair has a slightly longer nose than the Persian, resulting in healthy breathing and less eye tearing. Its hair

2840-439: The United States, and helps to form a special group within the show classification for the [Persian] breed. There are certainly disadvantages when the face has become too short, for this exaggeration of type is inclined to produce a deformity of the tear ducts, and running eyes may be the result. A cat with running eyes will never look at its best because in time the fur on each side of the nose becomes stained, and thus detracts from

2911-530: The actual effect on micturition by severe hypertension and cardiac arrest) and that bending of cilia does not contribute to alterations in Ca flux. While it is not known how defects in the primary cilium lead to cyst development, it is thought to possibly be related to disruption of one of the many signaling pathways regulated by the primary cilium, including intracellular calcium, Wnt/β-catenin, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), or planar cell polarity (PCP). Function of

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2982-508: The allowed colouration patterns for the Persian and the Exotic, treated as separate breeds. The International Cat Association (TICA) treats them both as variants of the Persian. The World Cat Federation (WCF) treats the Persian and Exotic Shorthair as separate breeds and subsumes the Himalayan colouration as colourpoint varieties under each. Among regional and national organizations, Feline Federation Europe treats all three as separate breeds. The American Cat Fanciers Association (ACFA) has

3053-409: The appearance of a pushed-in face. Some conditions common in the Exotic Shorthair are listed below. In a review of over 5,000 cases of urate urolithiasis the Exotic Shorthair was significantly under-represented, with only one of the recorded cases belonging to an Exotic Shorthair. The Exotic has steadily gained popularity among cat fanciers with the help of the devoted advocates of the breed who saw

3124-449: The body, anchored in the cell body by the basal body. In the kidney, primary cilia have been found to be present on most cells of the nephron, projecting from the apical surface of the renal epithelium into the tubule lumen. The cilia were believed to bend in the urine flow, leading to changes in signalling, however this has since been shown to be an experimental error (the bending of cilia was an artifact of focal plane compensation, and also

3195-499: The body." The Angora's hair is much longer on the shoulders and hind legs than the Persian, which Bell considered a great improvement. However, Bell says the Angora "fails to the Persian in head", Angoras having a more wedge-shaped head and Persians having a rounder head. Bell notes that Angoras and Persians have been crossbred , resulting in a decided improvement to each breed, but claimed the long-haired cat of 1909 had significantly more Persian influence than Angora. Champion lamented

3266-626: The breed into four coat-pattern divisions, but differently: solid, silver and golden (including chinchilla and shaded variants, and blued subvariants), shaded and smoke (with several variations of each, and a third sub-categorisation called shell), tabby (only classic, mackerel, and patched [spotted], in various colours), party-colour (in four classes, tortoiseshell , blue-cream, chocolate tortie, and lilac-cream, mixed with other colours), calico and bi-colour (in around 40 variations, broadly classified as calico, dilute calico, and bi-colour), and Himalayan (white-to-fawn body with point colouration on

3337-551: The colorpoint pattern of the Siamese. It was named Himalayan , after other colorpoint animals such as the Himalayan rabbit . In the UK, the breed was recognized as the Colorpoint Longhair. The Himalayan stood as a separate breed in the US until 1984, when the CFA merged it with the Persian, to the objection of the breed councils of both breeds. Some Persian breeders were unhappy with the introduction of this crossbreed into their "pure" Persian lines. The CFA set up

3408-664: The colouration may be further classified as solid, tortoiseshell (or "tortie"), tabby , silver or smoke, solid-and-white, tortoiseshell-and-white, tabby-and-white, or silver/smoke-and-white, with various specific colours and modifiers (e.g. chocolate tortoiseshell point, or fawn shaded mink marbled tabby-torbie). TICA-recognised tabby patterns include classic, mackerel, marbled, spotted, and ticked (in two genetic forms), while other patterns include shaded, chinchilla, and two tabby-tortie variations, golden, and grizzled. Basic colours include white, black, brown, ruddy, bronze, blue ("grey"), chocolate, cinnamon, lilac, fawn, red, and cream, with

3479-448: The cysts in the kidneys, and if affected, the liver, when needed for a certain duration to combat infection, by using, " bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal drugs". ADPKD individuals might have a normal life; conversely, ARPKD can cause kidney dysfunction and can lead to kidney failure by the age of 40–60. ADPKD1 and ADPKD2 are very different, in that ADPKD2 is much milder. Currently, there are no therapies proven effective to prevent

3550-508: The development of a wide variety of coat colours, but has also led to the creation of increasingly flat-faced Persian cats. Favoured by fanciers, this head structure can bring with it several health problems. As is the case with the Siamese breed, there have been efforts by some breeders to preserve the older type of cat, the Traditional Persian , which has a more pronounced muzzle. Hereditary polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

3621-472: The development of the extreme appearance. In 2004, the statement that muzzles should not be overly pronounced was added to the breed standard. The standards were altered yet again in 2007, this time to reflect the flat face, and it now states that the forehead, nose, and chin should be in vertical alignment. In the UK, the standard was changed by the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) in

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3692-411: The differences. Persian coats consist of a woolly undercoat and a long, hairy outer coat. The coat loses all the thick underwool in the summer, and only the long hair remains. Hair on the shoulders and upper part of the hind legs is somewhat shorter. Conversely, the Angora has a very different coat which consists of long, soft hair, hanging in locks, "inclining to a slight curl or wave on the under parts of

3763-489: The domestic species. The first documented ancestors of the Persian cat might have been imported from Khorasan , either Eastern Iran or Western Afghanistan , into the Italian Peninsula in 1620 by Pietro Della Valle ; and from Damascus, Syria , into France by Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc at around the same time. While the de Peiresc import from Syria is corroborated by later correspondences, Della Valle

3834-523: The early Persian cat may have in fact originated from Persia, the modern Persian cat has lost its phylogeographical signature". This can be seen in the phylogenetic tree of cat breeds and populations. The Persian cat is depicted in red, which indicates it falls genetically in the European cat population. The modern-day Persian cat breed is genetically closest related to the British Shorthair , Chartreux , and American Shorthair . The Exotic Shorthair

3905-411: The face and extremities). If classified as the Himalayan sub-breed, full point colouration is required, the fourth TICA colour division, with a "pale and creamy coloured" body even lighter than mink, with intense colouration on the face and extremities. The four TICA categories are essentially a graduated scale of colour distribution from evenly coloured to mostly coloured only at the points. Within each,

3976-609: The formation of stones and early reports show an average of 17% increase in kidney function after approximately one year on a ketogenic, time-restricted dietary regimen. If and when the disease progresses enough in a given case, the nephrologist or other practitioner and the patient will have to decide what form of renal replacement therapy will be used to treat end-stage kidney disease ( kidney failure , typically stage 4 or 5 of chronic kidney disease). That will either be some form of dialysis , which can be done at least two different ways at varying frequencies and durations (whether it

4047-543: The general appearance .... The nose should be short, but perhaps a plea may be made here that the nose is better if it is not too short and at the same time uptilted. A nose of this type creates an impression of grotesqueness which is not really attractive, and there is always a danger of running eyes. While the looks of the Persians changed, the Persian Breed Council's standard for the Persians remained

4118-434: The head, tail and limbs, in various tints). CFA base colours are white, black, blue, red, cream, chocolate, and lilac. There are around 140 named CFA coat patterns for which the Himalayan qualifies, and 20 for the Himalayan sub-breed. These coat patterns encompass virtually all of those recognised by CFA for cats generally. Any Persian permissible in TICA's more detailed system would probably be accepted in CFA's, simply with

4189-444: The inherited cystic kidney diseases with an incidence of 1:500 live births. Studies show that 10% of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients being treated with dialysis in Europe and the U.S. were initially diagnosed and treated for ADPKD. Genetic mutations in any of the three genes PKD1 , PKD2 , and PKD3 have similar phenotypical presentations. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) (OMIM #263200)

4260-427: The lack of distinction among various long-haired types by English fanciers, who in 1887, decided to group them under the umbrella term "Long-haired Cats". The traditional Persian , doll-face Persian , or moon-face Persian are somewhat recent names for a variety of the Persian breed, which is essentially the original phenotype of the Persian cat, without the development of extreme features. As many breeders in

4331-638: The original Persian cat breed stock was, among other places, imported from Afghanistan to Britain and other European countries. However, the Persian cat was not only exported to Europe by this time but also to India. In 1885 Edward Balfour describes the Afghan trade of long-haired cats to India: “The long silky-furred Angora cats are annually brought to India for sale from Afghanistan, with caravans of camels, even so far as Calcutta .” Similarly in 1882, Jane Dieulafoy , travelling in Iran from Isfahan to Shiraz in

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4402-514: The potential of the Persian/ASH cross proposed, and eventually managed, to get the CFA to recognize them as a new breed in 1966, under the name Exotic Shorthair . Regular outcrossing to the Persian has made present-day Exotic Shorthair similar to the Persian in every way, including temperament and conformation, except for the short dense coat. It has even inherited much of the Persian's health problems. The easier-to-manage coat has made some label

4473-557: The primary cilium is impaired, resulting in disruption of a number of intracellular signaling cascades which produce differentiation of cystic epithelium, increased cell division, increased apoptosis, and loss of resorptive capacity. Polycystic kidney disease can be ascertained via a CT scan of abdomen, as well as an MRI and ultrasound of the same area. A physical exam/test can reveal enlarged liver , heart murmurs and elevated blood pressure . Most cases progress to bilateral disease in adulthood. In 2018, Jynarque ( Tolvaptan )

4544-475: The recessive gene. The Siamese is also the source of the chocolate and lilac colour in solid Persians. The Persian was used as an outcross secretly by some American Shorthair (ASH) breeders in the late 1950s to "improve" their breed. The crossbreed look gained recognition in the show ring, but other breeders unhappy with the changes successfully pushed for new breed standards that would disqualify ASH that showed signs of crossbreeding. One ASH breeder who saw

4615-595: The registration for Himalayans in a way that breeders would be able to discern a Persian with Himalayan ancestry just by looking at the pedigree registration number. This was to make it easy for breeders who do not want Himalayan blood in their breeding lines to avoid individuals who, while not necessarily exhibiting the colourpoint pattern, may be carrying the point colouration gene recessively. Persians with Himalayan ancestry have registration numbers starting with 3 and are commonly referred to by breeders as colourpoint carriers (CPC) or 3000-series cats, although not all will carry

4686-437: The same. The Persian breed standard is, by its nature, somewhat open-ended and focused on a rounded head, large, wide-spaced round eyes with the top of the nose in alignment with the bottom of the eyes. The standard calls for a short, cobby body with short, well-boned legs, a broad chest, and a round appearance, everything about the ideal Persian cat being "round". It was not until the late 1980s that standards were changed to limit

4757-485: The shift in look "a contribution to the breed." In 1958, breeder and author P. M. Soderberg wrote in Pedigree Cats, Their Varieties, breeding and Exhibition: Perhaps in recent times there has been a tendency to over-accentuate this type of short face, with the result that a few of the cats seen at shows have faces which present a peke-like appearance. This is a type of face which is definitely recognized in

4828-548: The three as separate breeds (also with a Non-pointed Himalayan that is similar to the Persian). The Australian Cat Federation (AFC) follows the FIFe practice. The Canadian Cat Association (CCA-AFC) treats the three separately and even has an Exotic Longhair sub-breed of the Exotic and a Non-pointed Himalayan sub-breed of the Himalayan, which differ from the Persian only in having some mixed ancestry. The (UK) Governing Council of

4899-477: The value in a Persian and Shorthair crossbreed. Persian cat The Persian cat , also known as the Persian Longhair , is a long-haired breed of cat characterised by a round face and short muzzle. The first documented ancestors of Persian cats might have been imported into Italy from Khorasan as early as around 1620, however, this has not been proven. Instead, there is stronger evidence for

4970-421: Was introduced as the first FDA-approved treatment for PKD. In a recent long-term study, patients using Tolvaptan had a 6.4% higher kidney function after 5 years compared to standard of care. In 2019, a team of researchers at UCSB found that a ketogenic diet might be able to halt, or even reverse progression in mice, and the results of a first human case series study are showing potential benefit. The results of

5041-468: Was originally established with a short muzzle, but over time, this characteristic has become extremely exaggerated, particularly in North America. Persian cats can have virtually any colour or markings. The permissible colours in the breed, in most organisations' breed standards, encompass the entire range of cat coat-pattern variations . The International Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) groups

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