Misplaced Pages

#298701

131-582: The FN P90 is a personal defense weapon chambered for the 5.7×28mm cartridge , also classified as a submachine gun , designed and manufactured by FN Herstal in Belgium . Created in response to NATO requests for a replacement for 9×19mm Parabellum firearms, the P90 was designed as a compact but powerful firearm for vehicle crews, operators of crew-served weapons, support personnel, special forces , and counter-terrorist groups. Designed in conjunction with

262-451: A MIL-STD-1913 (Picatinny) triple rail interface for mounting accessories. This model was introduced in late 1999 and continues to be offered alongside the standard P90. More recently, the P90 has been offered to civilian shooters as the PS90 , a semi-automatic carbine intended for personal protection and sporting use. The P90 is a selective fire , straight blowback -operated weapon with

393-468: A NATO request as a replacement for 9×19mm Parabellum submachine guns. The PDW is a compact automatic weapon that can defeat enemy body armor and which can be used conveniently by non-combatant and support troops, as well as a close quarters battle weapon for special forces and counter-terrorist groups. Introduced in 1991, the FN P90 features a bullpup design with a futuristic appearance. It has

524-593: A double-action only model of the pistol went into production in 1998, and a single-action model called the Five-seven Tactical was then introduced shortly afterward. The Five-seven first entered service in May 2000, when the Cypriot National Guard ( Greek : Εθνική Φρουρά ) purchased 250 pistols for their special forces group. In 2002 and 2003, NATO conducted a series of tests with

655-526: A muzzle velocity of roughly 850 metres per second (2,800 ft/s). Following the P90's introduction, FN revised the 5.7×28mm ammunition. The new variation, designated the SS190 , used a projectile 2.7 mm (0.11 in) shorter in length than that of the SS90. This allowed it to be used more conveniently in the 5.7×28mm FN Five-seven pistol, which was under development at that time. The SS190 projectile had

786-582: A 2.9-mm (0.12 in) square notch rear and a 3.6-mm (0.14 in) blade front, which has a height of 9.2 mm (0.36 in). The sights are targeted at 91.4 m (100.0 yd), but can be adjusted for either windage or elevation . The "three-dot" type C-More fixed sights, which are offered as a low profile alternative to the adjustable sights, can only be adjusted for windage . The fixed sights are targeted at 7.6 m (25 ft) using SS195LF ammunition, and are available with or without tritium-illuminated inserts ("night sights") to aid use of

917-446: A 50-round magazine housed horizontally above the barrel, an integrated reflex sight and fully ambidextrous controls. A simple blow-back automatic weapon, it was designed to fire the FN 5.7×28mm cartridge which can penetrate soft body armor. The P90 was designed to have a length no greater than a man's shoulder width, to allow it to be easily carried and maneuvered in tight spaces, such as

1048-453: A NATO CRISAT vest or an NIJ IIIA soft Kevlar armor at up to 200 m (220 yd)), PDWs have also been used by special forces , paramilitaries , heavily armed tactical police , and bodyguards . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, shortened versions of the infantry rifle were issued as " carbines " for cavalry troops and gun crews. This designation was dropped as infantry rifle designs became shortened overall, such as in

1179-479: A United States patent application for a delayed blowback operating system intended for the Five-seven pistol, and U.S. Patent 5,347,912 ("Elements for decelerating the recoil of the moving parts of a firearm") was received the following year. In 1995, FN officially announced development of the Five-seven pistol, and a prototype of the pistol was publicly displayed the following year. With some improvements,

1310-508: A battery life of 250 hours when used on the Training setting, or a life of 50 hours when used on the Combat setting. The PS90 is a semi-automatic carbine variant of the P90, intended for civilian shooters for personal protection and sporting use; it was introduced in 2005, and continues to be offered in several configurations. The PS90 will accept the standard 50-round P90 magazines, but

1441-400: A black oxide finish is built according to MIL-SPECs , including saltwater corrosion resistance . It has a length of 184 mm (7.2 in), a diameter of 35 mm (1.4 in) and a weight of 680 g (1.50 lb). When subsonic ammunition is used in conjunction with the suppressor, it reduces the sound signature of the P90 by 33  dB . A small case collector pouch for the P90

SECTION 10

#1732772256299

1572-654: A competitor to the 5.7×28mm. The results of the NATO tests were analyzed by a group formed of experts from Canada, France, the United Kingdom , and the United States, and the group's conclusion was that the 5.7×28mm was "undoubtedly" the more efficient cartridge; However, the German delegation and others rejected the NATO recommendation that 5.7×28mm be standardized, halting the standardization process indefinitely. As

1703-509: A cyclic rate of fire of around 850–1,100 rounds per minute. The weapon is chambered for FN's 5.7×28mm ammunition. Its unusual shape is based on extensive ergonomic research. The weapon is grasped by means of a thumbhole in the frame that acts as a pistol grip , as well as an oversized trigger guard that acts as a foregrip for the shooter's support hand. The P90 fires from a closed bolt for maximum accuracy, and its design makes extensive use of polymers for reduced weight and cost. Overall,

1834-603: A different sight. The P90 LV (Laser Visible) and P90 IR (InfraRed) models, both of which were introduced in late 1995, have an integrated laser sight manufactured by Laserex Technologies in Australia. The P90 LV model projects an 8 mW visible laser intended to be used as a low-light shooting aid or for dissuasive effect, while the P90 IR model projects a 4.5 mW infrared laser that can only be seen with night vision equipment . Both laser systems are compact, consisting of

1965-524: A fact sheet dismissing allegations about the nature of the pistol, stating that it is only offered to civilians with sporting ammunition. Later in the month, a number of gun control organizations such as the Brady Campaign wrote a collaborative letter to U.S. President Barack Obama , citing the weapon's use by the Fort Hood shooter and Mexican drug cartels, and calling on him to ban importation of

2096-599: A few examples kept by Ordnance Department . In 1918, Ribeyrolles, Sutter and Chauchat designed the Chauchat-Ribeyrolles 1918 submachine gun . This weapon was meant to be used for close-range protection for the French tank crews. The weapon is based on the RSC Mle. 1917 semi-automatic rifle mechanism. The first trials used a Mannlicher–Berthier clip holding eight cartridges. The trials continued until 1919 with

2227-520: A greater weight, and a more conventional construction with an aluminium and steel core. The first prototypes of the SS190 were created in 1992, and the design was finalized in 1993, replacing the SS90. A modified version of the P90, with a magazine adapted to use the shortened ammunition, was then introduced in the same year. Several special cartridge variations were developed, such as the L191 tracer round and

2358-427: A loaded 20-round magazine. The Five-seven is a full-size pistol, having an overall length of 208 mm (8.2 in), a height of 137 mm (5.4 in), and a max width of 36 mm (1.4 in). It has the same grip angle as the distinguished Browning Hi-Power and M1911 pistols. Despite the considerable length of the pistol's 5.7×28mm ammunition, the grip is not particularly unwieldy—the distance from

2489-418: A miss, because it loses much of its kinetic energy after traveling only 400 m (440 yd), whereas a conventional pistol bullet such as the 9×19mm retains significant energy beyond 800 m (870 yd). This range exceeds the engagement distances expected for the 5.7×28mm cartridge's intended applications, so the cartridge's limited energy at long range is not considered to be disadvantageous. Since

2620-560: A muzzle velocity of roughly 716 m/s (2,350 ft/s, Mach 2) and can penetrate the NATO CRISAT vest or a Level IIIA Kevlar vest at a range of 200 m (220 yd). FN states an effective range of 200 m (220 yd) and a maximum range of 1,800 m (2,000 yd) for the 5.7×28mm cartridge when fired from the P90. In testing conducted by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) in 1999,

2751-401: A new cartridge—one a shoulder-fired weapon , and the other a handheld weapon. According to NATO, these new weapons, termed personal defense weapons (PDWs), were to provide "personal protection in last-resort situations when the user is directly endangered by the enemy [...]." In 1989, NATO published document D/296 , outlining a number of preliminary specifications for these weapons: FN Herstal

SECTION 20

#1732772256299

2882-606: A proprietary cartridge, such as the 5.7×28mm cartridge for the FN P90 or the 4.6×30mm for the H&;K MP7, neither of which were originally compatible with any existing pistols or rifles/carbines. Although both manufacturers planned handguns that used the same proprietary rounds, only FN went forward with production of the Five-SeveN pistol, which was the only handgun option available for the 5.7×28mm cartridge for over two decades until

3013-434: A range of 50 m (55 yd). It is also capable of penetrating a PASGT vest at a range of 300 m (330 yd) or a PASGT helmet at a range of 240 m (260 yd). FN states an effective range of 50 m (55 yd) and a maximum range of 1,510 m (1,650 yd) for the 5.7×28mm cartridge when fired from the Five-seven pistol. In testing conducted by Passaic County, New Jersey Sheriff's Department,

3144-409: A replacement for the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge and associated pistols and submachine guns. NATO called for two types of weapons chambered for a new cartridge—one a shoulder-fired weapon, and the other a handheld weapon. According to NATO, these new weapons, termed personal defense weapons (PDWs), were to provide "personal protection in last-resort situations when the user is directly endangered by

3275-592: A requirement for a "light rifle" with greater range, firepower, and accuracy than the M1911 pistol while weighing half as much as the M1 Garand. As a result, the U.S. developed the semi-automatic M1 Carbine and shortly thereafter the select-fire M2 Carbine. Widely employed until the end of the Vietnam War, these carbines are generally considered the forerunners of modern personal defense weapons. In 1969, AO-46

3406-529: A result, both the 4.6×30mm and 5.7×28mm cartridges (and the associated weapons) have been independently adopted by various NATO countries, according to preference; the P90 is currently in service with military and police forces in over 40 countries throughout the world. The 5.7x28mm was finally standardized by NATO in February 2021. Further development of the P90 led to the creation of the P90 TR model, which has

3537-539: A slight finger spur, and four holes in the left side of the magazine body allow a convenient estimate of the amount of remaining ammunition. All controls (excluding the trigger) on the Five-seven USG and earlier models are grey polymer, in contrast to the black polymer frame and slide cover. Similarly, all of the controls on the Five-seven FDE and Five-seven ODG models are black polymer, in contrast to

3668-577: A small, flat panel integrated into the front end of the weapon's frame. The Laserex P90 laser systems have a weight of 131 grams (0.289 lb; 4.6 oz), and they are activated by means of a green pressure switch located on the underside of the weapon's pistol grip. The lasers can be configured for three different internal settings: Off  – disabled to prevent accidental activation, Training  – low intensity for eye safety and extended battery life in training, or Combat  – high intensity for maximum visibility. The Laserex P90 laser systems have

3799-560: A tiny dot inside of a small ring, which was joined by three posts that glowed red in low light conditions due to tritium-illumination. The USG reflex sight could be removed and replaced with a special MIL-STD-1913 ( Picatinny ) rail mount for attaching a different sight, and like other models of the PS90, the USG was available with either an olive drab or black frame. As of 2011, the PS90 USG model

3930-488: A trigger mechanism with a three-position rotary dial fire control selector, located at the foot of the trigger. The dial has three settings: S  – safe, 1  – semi-automatic fire, and A  – fully automatic fire. When set on A , the P90's fire selector provides a two-stage trigger operation similar to that of the Steyr AUG assault rifle—pulling the trigger back slightly produces semi-automatic fire, and pulling

4061-446: A typical 9×19mm cartridge—allowing the same number of rounds to be carried for less weight, or allowing more rounds to be carried for the same weight. Since the 5.7×28mm cartridge has a relatively small diameter, an unusually high number of cartridges can be contained in a magazine. The cartridge has a loud report and produces considerable muzzle flash (when fired from a pistol), but it produces roughly 30 percent less recoil than

FN P90 - Misplaced Pages Continue

4192-547: A unique horizontally mounted feeding system—patented in the United States—that contributes to the weapon's compact profile and unusual appearance. U.S. Patent 4,905,394 ("Top mounted longitudinal magazine") was awarded in 1990, naming René Predazzer as the sole inventor. The detachable box magazine is mounted parallel to the P90's barrel, fitting flush with the top of the weapon's frame, and it contains 50 rounds of ammunition which lie in two rows facing left, offset 90° from

4323-494: A variety of different conditions. The P90 has provisions for mounting a number of different types of accessories, including tactical lights and laser aiming devices . A sling can be attached to the P90 for greater ease of carry, or it can be fitted with various sound suppressors such as the Gemtech SP90 , which was designed specifically for the weapon in cooperation with FN Herstal. This stainless steel suppressor with

4454-601: A vote by the House or Senate. In March 2007, legislation was again introduced in the United States Congress by Rep. Engel, under the new designation H.R. 1784: PLEA Act . Once again, the bill failed to proceed to a vote. In the following years, the Five-seven was subject to further controversy due to reports of the pistol's use by drug cartels in the Mexican Drug War . In the United States,

4585-409: A weapon system compatible with the Five-seven that allows the shooter to aim and fire around corners without being exposed. The Five-seven pistol and 5.7×28mm ammunition were originally restricted by FN to military and law enforcement customers, but in 2004 the new Five-seven IOM model was introduced, and offered to civilian shooters for use with 5.7×28mm SS192 ammunition. FNH USA has marketed

4716-498: A weapon using the same magazine as the Chauchat. The results were satisfactory but the weapon was too powerful for the intended self-protection use. A mix of standard and tracer bullets was planned to be used to assist in aiming. In 1938, the U.S. Army Ordnance Department received a request for a light rifle to be issued to mortarmen, radiomen, drivers, clerks, cooks, and similar grades. During field exercises, these troops found that

4847-433: A weight of 3.4 kg (7.5 lb) with a fully loaded 50-round magazine. Due to the added barrel length, the PS90 can achieve a muzzle velocity of up to 777 metres per second (2,550 ft/s) with SS195LF ammunition, or up to 930 metres per second (3,100 ft/s) with third-party ammunition. The PS90 Standard is the current model of the PS90 offered by FN Herstal. It features a MIL-STD-1913 ( Picatinny ) rail fitted to

4978-414: Is cold hammer-forged and chrome-lined , with an overall length of 263 mm (10.4 in). The barrel has eight rifling grooves with a right-hand twist rate of 1:231 mm (1:9.1 in), and it is equipped with a diagonally cut flash suppressor that also acts as a recoil compensator. The stated service life of the barrel is 20,000 rounds. The P90 uses an internal hammer striking mechanism and

5109-474: Is a semi-automatic pistol designed and manufactured by FN Herstal in Belgium. The pistol is named for the 5.7×28mm cartridge's bullet diameter, and the trademark's capitalization style is intended to emphasize the manufacturer's initials— FN . The Five-seven pistol was developed in conjunction with the FN P90 personal defense weapon and the FN 5.7×28mm cartridge. The P90 was introduced in 1990, and

5240-462: Is a matte black aluminum suppressor with a length of 147 mm (5.8 in), a diameter of 32 mm (1.3 in), and a weight of 147 g (0.324 lb). Israeli manufacturer FAB Defense offers a complete PDW conversion kit for the Five-seven, designated the KPOS G2 FN 5.7 , that allows the pistol to be reconfigured into a shoulder-fired personal defense weapon , and CornerShot offers

5371-412: Is available which fits over the ejection port and collects spent cases as they are ejected downward; the pouch will collect up to one hundred cases before filling. The P90 TR (Triple Rail) model, also known as the "flat-top," was introduced in late 1999. It features a receiver -mounted triple MIL-STD-1913 ( Picatinny ) rail interface system, or "Triple Rail," for mounting accessories. Also, instead of

FN P90 - Misplaced Pages Continue

5502-545: Is currently in service with military and police forces in over 40 nations, including Canada, France, Greece, India, Poland, Spain, and the United States. In the United States, the Five-seven is in use with numerous law enforcement agencies, including the U.S. Secret Service . In the years since the pistol's introduction to the United States' civilian market, it has become increasingly popular with civilian shooters. The Five-seven pistol and its 5.7×28mm ammunition were developed by FN Herstal in response to NATO requests for

5633-615: Is currently in service with military and police forces in over 40 nations, such as Austria , Brazil , Canada , France , Greece , India , Malaysia , Poland , and the United States . In the United States, the P90 is in use with over 200 law enforcement agencies , including the U.S. Secret Service . In the United States, the standard selective fire P90 is restricted to the military, law enforcement, or holders of certain Federal Firearms Licenses (FFLs) with

5764-404: Is easy to use while having sufficient firepower to suppress enemy charges and hold them beyond a safe perimeter to prevent the defenders from being overrun, but the risk of hostility is rare enough that a standard service rifle would be an unnecessary burden during their normal duties. Because of their light weight, controllability, ease of operation and close-range effectiveness (can penetrate

5895-424: Is no longer listed by FNH USA, but the USG reflex sight is still offered as a standalone accessory. Despite being originally intended as a defensive weapon for military personnel whose primary role is not fighting with small arms (such as vehicle drivers), most sales of the P90 have been to special forces and counter-terrorist groups who use it for offensive roles. In 1997, suppressed P90s were used in combat by

6026-513: Is reachable with the trigger finger or support hand thumb. A red dot is visible here when the safety is deactivated and the pistol is ready to fire; when the safety is moved to the raised position, it is activated and the red dot is no longer visible. The pistol's push-button magazine release , located on the left side of the frame where the trigger guard intersects with the grip, is square-shaped and reversible for left-handed shooters. The Five-seven can be disassembled quickly and easily, by using

6157-535: Is regulated as “Title II”, and special certification is required in most states. As with all factory standard PS90 receivers special welding is in place to complicate full auto conversion. The PS90 TR is now discontinued. It featured a "Triple Rail" receiver assembly identical to that of the P90 TR. The top of the receiver consisted of an MIL-STD-1913 ( Picatinny ) rail, allowing the shooter to mount their preferred optical sight. Two polymer side rails—one on each side of

6288-465: Is semi-automatic, with a trigger pull of approximately 31–36 newtons (7.0–8.1 lb f ). The lengthened barrel has eight rifling grooves, with a right-hand twist rate of 1:229 mm (1:9 in) and a rifled length of 376 mm (14.8 in); the muzzle is equipped with a fixed "birdcage" type flash suppressor . Despite the added barrel length, the PS90 is relatively compact and lightweight, with an overall length of 667 mm (26.3 in), and

6419-399: Is similar to the standard P90, except the reflex sight housing is aluminium, and the sight has a revised reticle . The black reticle consists of a tiny dot inside of a small ring, which is joined by three posts that glow red in low light conditions due to tritium -illumination. The USG reflex sight can be removed and replaced with a special MIL-STD-1913 ( Picatinny ) rail mount for attaching

6550-475: Is sufficient to perform thorough cleaning of the pistol, and FNH USA recommends no further disassembly except by an authorized armorer, FN Herstal , or FNH USA. Reassembly of the pistol is done in the reverse order, except no use of the disassembly lever is necessary. The Five-seven has a sight radius of 178 mm (7.0 in); the pistol is currently offered with either adjustable sights or fixed sights . The "three-dot" type adjustable sights consist of

6681-464: The 2011 Libyan civil war , and some of these examples were captured and used in the war by Libyan rebel forces . By 2009, the P90 was in service with military and police forces in over 40 countries. In the United States, Houston Police Department was the first local law enforcement agency to adopt the P90, acquiring it for their SWAT team in 1999. In 2003, the Houston SWAT team became one of

SECTION 50

#1732772256299

6812-496: The ATF as a sporting firearm in 2004. The USG model incorporates a conventionally shaped square trigger guard , a reversible magazine release , and other minor changes. The Five-seven MK2 was introduced in 2013, replacing the USG model. The MK2 model has cocking serrations on the front of the slide, all black controls, and slightly different iron sights. The Five-seven MK3 MRD was introduced at Eurosatory in 2022, introducing

6943-424: The Cypriot National Guard (Greek: Εθνική Φρουρά ), which purchased 250 pistols in May 2000 for its special forces group. By 2009, the Five-seven was in service with military and police forces in over 40 nations throughout the world. In the United States, the Five-seven (as of 2010) is used by over 300 law enforcement agencies, including the U.S. Secret Service . Military and law enforcement organizations using

7074-515: The FN Five-seven pistol and FN 5.7×28mm NATO ammunition , development of the weapon began in 1986, and production commenced in 1990, when it was known as the Project 9.0 (from which the "90" in its name is derived), whereupon the 5.7×28mm ammunition was redesigned and shortened. A modified version of the P90 with a magazine adapted to use the new ammunition was introduced in 1993, and

7205-498: The M1 Garand rifle was too heavy and too cumbersome for general issue. And, while handguns are undeniably convenient, they had limited range, accuracy and power. This request was refused by authorities. In 1940, after Germany's use of glider-borne and paratroop forces to infiltrate and attack strategic points behind the front lines, the request for a light rifle was resubmitted and subsequently approved. U.S. Army Ordnance issued

7336-669: The M2 Bradley , named the M231 Firing Port Weapon . In 1980, the weapon was adopted as the M231. Although most of the Bradley AFV's ports have since been removed, these weapons are maintained, and are used by crews for self-defense, close-quarters situations, and for firing from the rear door firing ports as intended. Developed during the 1980s, the "Personal Defense Weapon" (PDW) concept was created in response to

7467-470: The SS90 , went into production with the P90 in 1990. This cartridge type was discontinued in 1993, and replaced with the 5.7×28mm SS190 , which used a heavier and slightly shorter projectile weighing 2.0 g (31  grains ). The reduced length of the SS190 projectile allowed it to be used more conveniently in the Five-seven, which was under development at that time. In 1993, Jean-Louis Gathoye of FN filed

7598-645: The Short Magazine Lee–Enfield rifle. Thereafter, handguns were typically issued as self-defense weapons. However, they were not effective in most close combat situations. As a result, during the First World War, the Mauser C96 and artillery versions of the Luger pistol were issued with attachable shoulder stock holsters, which allowed for greater control and accuracy. During World War I,

7729-551: The Special Occupational Tax (SOT). Since 2005, a semi-automatic version with a longer barrel has been offered to civilian users as the PS90 . The P90 and its 5.7×28mm ammunition were developed by the Belgian company FN Herstal in response to NATO requests for a replacement for the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge and associated pistols and submachine guns. NATO called for two types of weapons chambered for

7860-403: The slide . When a round has been chambered, this pin will protrude 1.6 mm (0.063 in), which is sufficient to provide both visible and tactile indication of the chamber's status. Current models of the Five-seven have an ambidextrous manual safety device , which is located in an unconventional position: one control is found on each side of the frame above the trigger guard, where it

7991-454: The 5.7×28mm SS190 penetrated to a depth of 27 cm (11 in) in bare ballistic gelatin , and a depth of 23 cm (9.1 in) in gelatin protected with a Kevlar vest. In testing, the SS190 and similar 5.7×28mm projectiles consistently turn base over point ("tumble") as they pass through ballistic gelatin and other media, using the 21.6-mm (.85 in) projectile length to create a larger wound cavity. However, some are skeptical of

SECTION 60

#1732772256299

8122-476: The 5.7×28mm SS190 projectile does not rely on fragmentation or the expansion of a hollow-point bullet, the cartridge and pistol are considered suitable for military use under the Hague Convention of 1899 , which prohibits the use of expanding bullets in warfare. The Five-seven pistol feeds from detachable box magazines , but it is unconventional in that it feeds cartridges into the chamber without

8253-423: The 5.7×28mm cartridge's intended applications, so the cartridge's limited energy at long range is not considered to be disadvantageous. Since the SS190 projectile does not rely on fragmentation or the expansion of a hollow point , the cartridge (and 5.7×28mm weapons) is considered suitable for military use under the Hague Convention of 1899 , which prohibits the use of expanding bullets in warfare . The P90 uses

8384-587: The 7N21 and 7N31 ammunition. The Russian Aerospace Forces added the PPK-20 variant of the PP-19-01 Vityaz into the ejection survival kits of the MiG-29 , Mig-35 , Su-24 , Su-27 , Su-30SM , Su-34 , Su-35 and Su-57 . The PDW concept has not been widely successful, partly because existing PDWs are not significantly cheaper to manufacture than carbines or full-size military rifles. Most PDWs also use

8515-407: The 9×19mm cartridge, improving controllability . Due to its high velocity, the 5.7×28mm exhibits an exceptionally flat trajectory , compared to typical pistol ammunition. One of the design intents for the standard 5.7×28mm cartridge type, the SS190 , was that it has the ability to penetrate Kevlar protective vests that stop conventional pistol bullets. Fired from the P90, the 5.7×28mm SS190 has

8646-457: The Five-seven again became subject to controversy in the United States, following the shooting at Fort Hood military base , in Texas. A U.S. Army psychiatrist, Major Nidal Hasan , opened fire on fellow soldiers with a Five-seven pistol, killing 13 people and wounding 29 in the worst shooting ever to take place on an American military base. Shortly after the shooting, FNH USA responded with

8777-564: The Five-seven has been used once to shoot and kill a police officer, causing the line of duty death of Wisconsin State Patrol Trooper Trevor Casper . Various news sources such as The Boston Globe and La Jornada also report incidents in which the pistol was used to shoot and kill police officers or civilians in Mexico. According to the ATF , the Five-seven is one of the weapons favored by drug cartels in

8908-525: The Five-seven pistol and 5.7×28mm ammunition. In July 2010, legislation was introduced in the United States Congress by Rep. Engel, for a third time, under the new designation H.R. 6030: PLEA Act . Like its previous incarnations, the H.R. 6030 bill failed to proceed to a vote by either the House of Representatives or Senate . The first military organization to adopt the Five-seven was

9039-549: The Five-seven pistol was subsequently introduced as a companion weapon using the same 5.7×28mm ammunition. Featuring a compact bullpup design with an integrated reflex sight and fully ambidextrous controls, the P90 is an unconventional weapon with a futuristic appearance. Its design incorporates several innovations, such as a unique top-mounted magazine and FN's small-caliber, high- velocity 5.7×28mm ammunition. Additional integrated features include interchangeable visible or infrared laser and tritium light sources. The P90

9170-463: The Five-seven to civilian shooters as a pistol suitable for personal protection , target shooting, and similar uses, but the Five-seven's introduction to civilian shooters was strongly opposed by U.S. gun control organizations such as the Brady Campaign ; by the end of 2004, sales of the Five-seven pistol had increased dramatically. In early 2005, the pistol was subject to controversy in

9301-505: The Five-seven was introduced in 1998 as a pistol using the same 5.7×28mm ammunition. Developed as a companion pistol to the P90, the Five-seven shares many of its design features: it is a lightweight polymer -based weapon with a relatively large magazine capacity, ambidextrous controls, low recoil , and the ability to penetrate body armor when using certain cartridge types. Sales of the Five-seven were originally restricted by FN to military and law enforcement customers, but since 2004,

9432-538: The Fort Hood atrocity. — Massad Ayoob , On Target magazine Michael D. Barnes , then-president of the Brady Campaign, responded to the NRA's statements on the Five-seven by challenging NRA Executive Vice President Wayne LaPierre to be shot with the pistol while wearing a Kevlar vest. The NRA again responded to the Brady Campaign's statements, saying that "Barnes demonstrated his group's complete and utter disregard for gun safety and its flaming zeal to further restrict

9563-544: The Mexican Drug War, and a smuggled Five-seven pistol can sell for up to 66,000 pesos (US$ 5,000) in Mexico. From Mexico, the pistols have been smuggled into other South American countries; in a July 2010 drive-by shooting in Envigado , Colombia, two cartel gunmen armed with Five-seven pistols opened fire on a group of bystanders outside a nightclub , leaving 9 people dead and 10 wounded. In November 2009,

9694-664: The Peruvian special forces group ( Grupo de Fuerzas Especiales ) in Operation Chavín de Huantar , the hostage rescue siege that ended the Japanese embassy hostage crisis . The operation was a success: all 14 MRTA revolutionaries were killed, and 71 hostages were rescued. The MRTA revolutionaries who had taken the hostages were equipped with body armor, but it was defeated by the Peruvian special forces' P90s. In 2011, P90s were used by Muammar Gaddafi's military forces in

9825-549: The Ring Sights HC-14-62 reflex sight , but the current weapon is instead fitted with the Ring Sights MC-10-80 sight, which was specifically designed for it. The HC-14-62 has a polymer housing and uses a forward-aimed fiber optic collector to illuminate the white daytime reticle , which consists of a large circle of about 180 minutes of arc (MOA), with a 20 MOA circle surrounding a 3.5 MOA dot in

9956-548: The SB193 subsonic round for use with a sound-suppressed P90. In 2002 and 2003, NATO conducted a series of tests with the intention of standardizing a PDW cartridge as a replacement for the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge. The tests compared the relative merits of the FN 5.7×28mm cartridge and the HK 4.6×30mm cartridge, which was created by German small arms manufacturer Heckler & Koch as

10087-497: The SS190 and similar 5.7×28mm projectiles consistently turn base over point ("tumble") as they pass through ballistic gelatin and other media, using the 21.6 mm (0.85 in) projectile length to create a larger wound cavity. However, some are skeptical of the bullet's terminal performance , and it is a subject of debate among civilian shooters in the United States. The 5.7×28mm projectile potentially poses less risk of collateral damage than conventional pistol bullets, because

10218-403: The SS190 fired from the P90 at a distance of 25 m (27 yd) exhibited an average penetration depth of 25 cm (9.8 in) in ballistic gelatin covered with a Level II vest . The SS190 exhibited penetration depths ranging from 28 to 34 cm (11 to 13.5 in) when fired from the P90 into bare ballistic gelatin, in tests conducted by Houston Police Department SWAT . In testing,

10349-456: The U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) as not armor-piercing, and it was stated that the SS192 and SS196 cartridge variations were unable to penetrate various types of Kevlar vests in tests conducted by FNH USA. The Five-seveN has been loved and hated in the years since its introduction. It is one of the most controversial handguns of our time, and was so even before

10480-470: The United Kingdom, and the United States, and the group's conclusion was that the 5.7×28mm was "undoubtedly" the more efficient cartridge. At the time, the German delegation and others rejected the NATO recommendation that 5.7×28mm should be standardized, delaying the standardization until its eventual completion in February 2021. Despite this delay, both the 4.6×30mm and 5.7×28mm cartridges (and

10611-511: The United States after the Brady Campaign stated that commercially available 5.7×28mm SS192 ammunition penetrated a Level IIA Kevlar vest in testing. The National Rifle Association of America (NRA) shortly countered the Brady Campaign's claim by stating that the gun control group may not have adhered to standard testing procedures, and that FN offers armor-piercing varieties of the 5.7×28mm cartridge only to military and law enforcement customers. Varieties offered to civilians are classified by

10742-566: The United States secretly developed the Pedersen device attachment for the M1903 Springfield rifle that allowed it to fire the .30-18 Auto (7.65×20mm Longue) pistol cartridge in semi-automatic mode. This attachment was developed to allow an infantryman to convert "his rifle to a form of submachine gun or automatic rifle" in approximately 15 seconds. Production of the device and modified M1903 rifles started in 1918. However,

10873-443: The United States. The Heckler & Koch MP7 is also used in a number of countries, including Austria, France, Germany, Ireland, Norway, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom. 9×21mm IMI .357 SIG .40 S&W Italy PDW-caliber guns without select fire capabilities CMMG Resolute, Mk4/Mk57 5.7×28mm FN Five-seven Detachable drum magazine ; capacity: The FN Five-seven (stylized as Five-seveN )

11004-417: The associated weapons) have been independently adopted by various NATO countries, according to preference; the Five-seven pistol is currently in service with military and police forces in over 40 nations throughout the world (see FN Five-seven § Users ). At first, sales of the Five-seven pistol were restricted by FN to military and law enforcement customers, but in 2004 the new Five-seven IOM model

11135-421: The ballistic equivalent, in semi-automatic only form. The PS90 SBR is not usually listed on FN Herstal's website, but is offered commercially through third-party extensions. These are made either through factory standard layouts, or conversions made by swapping the barrel. This renders the weapon a “short barreled rifle”, and thus the required tax stamp is necessary in order to purchase and/or transfer it. The weapon

11266-436: The barrel a length in calibers of more than 20, 58% more than a comparable 9x19 barrel. It has a stated service life of 20,000 rounds and the Five-seven is noted for being very accurate. Current models of the Five-seven are single-action , having a short and light trigger pull of 20 to 30 N (4.4 to 6.6  lb F ). They have a Picatinny rail for mounting accessories, and a magazine safety mechanism that prevents

11397-447: The base of the pistol. With an additional cartridge in the chamber, the Five-seven pistol has a total capacity of 11, 21, or 31 rounds depending on which magazine type is used. Magazine pouches for the Five-seven magazine are available from various manufacturers. The Five-seven's magazine can be disassembled for cleaning or lubrication by removing the polymer floorplate. The magazine body is constructed of polymer, with steel inserts at

11528-401: The bore axis. As the cartridges are pushed back by spring pressure and arrive at the rear end of the magazine, they are fed as a single row into a spiral feed ramp and rotated 90 degrees, aligning them with the chamber . The magazine body is composed of polymer, and it is translucent to allow the shooter to see the amount of ammunition remaining at any time. The P90 was originally equipped with

11659-399: The bullet's terminal performance , and it is a subject of debate among civilian shooters in the United States. The 5.7×28mm projectile potentially poses less risk of collateral damage than conventional pistol bullets, because the projectile design limits overpenetration, as well as risk of ricochet . The lightweight projectile also poses less risk of collateral damage in the event of

11790-557: The center. The MC-10-80 has an anodized aluminium housing, and has a similar black reticle. The night reticle for both the HC-14-62 and the MC-10-80 consists of an open T that is primarily illuminated by a tritium module , and, in the HC-14-62, ambient light drawn in by an upward-facing collector. The sight is adjustable for both windage and elevation , and it can be used in conjunction with night vision equipment . As backup in case

11921-473: The core pierce it. The RG054 variant of the 9×21mm cartridge follows the same pattern. The space between the core and the bimetallic jacket is filled with polyethyelene which results in 7N21 being lighter than regular 9×19mm, 7N31 is even lighter than 7N21. Using a different variant of the same cartridge bears the advantage that regular ammunition can still be used. The PP-19-01 Vityaz , PP-2000 and GSh-18 can use regular 9×19mm Parabellum as well as

12052-571: The design intents for the standard 5.7×28mm cartridge type, the SS190 , was that it would have the ability to penetrate Kevlar protective vests —such as the NATO CRISAT vest—that will stop conventional pistol bullets. Fired from the Five-seven, the 5.7×28mm SS190 has a muzzle velocity of roughly 650 m/s (2,130 ft/s ) and is capable of penetrating the CRISAT vest at a range of 100 m (110 yd), or 48 layers of Kevlar material (roughly equivalent to two stacked Level II Kevlar vest panels) at

12183-580: The design of the Five-seven pistol is the small caliber, high velocity bottlenecked cartridge it uses. The 5.7×28mm cartridge was created by FN Herstal in response to NATO requests for a replacement for the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge, which is commonly used in pistols and submachine guns. The 5.7×28mm cartridge weighs 6.0 g (93  grains )—significantly lighter than the average 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge (M882 NATO total cartridge weight of 12 grams (180 grains)) —making extra ammunition less burdensome, or allowing more ammunition to be carried for

12314-406: The enemy [...]." In 1989, NATO published document D/296 , outlining a number of preliminary specifications for these weapons: FN Herstal was the first small arms manufacturer to respond to NATO's requirement; FN started by developing a shoulder-fired personal defense weapon, the FN P90 , along with a small caliber, high velocity 5.7×28mm cartridge type. The original 5.7×28mm cartridge, called

12445-694: The event using either weapon. Presidential Security Command Personal defense weapon The use of these rifle-like cartridges gives the PDWs much better ballistic performance ( effective range , external ballistics and armor-penetrating capability) than conventional submachine guns, which fire larger-caliber but slower and less aerodynamic handgun cartridges . The low recoil of these "sub-intermediate" cartridges also makes muzzle jumps on PDWs (which typically have short barrels ) much easier to handle than short-barreled rifles , especially when shooting in automatic fire or burst fire . The name describes

12576-427: The feed lips. Unlike a conventional pistol magazine, it is a double-stack staggered-feed magazine, with a follower that has the same appearance as that of an M16 rifle 's magazine, and which is loaded in the same manner: by pushing cartridges straight down into the magazine, rather than pushing them down and back. This setup makes it very easy to load individual cartridges into the magazine. The magazine floorplate has

12707-548: The first agencies in the country to use the weapon in a shootout . By 2009, the P90 was in use with over 200 law enforcement agencies in the United States, including the Secret Service and Federal Protective Service . In response, the National Rifle Association of America (NRA) added the P90 and PS90 to its NRA Tactical Police Competition standards, allowing law enforcement agencies to compete in

12838-405: The flat dark earth and olive drab polymer frames. A takedown lever is located at the front on the left side of the weapon's frame, and a slide release is located at the rear on the left side of the frame; these controls are protected from accidental movements by slight projections in the frame contour. A chamber indicator , in the form of a pin inside a tiny hole, is provided on the left side of

12969-508: The gun is supplied with a magazine that is blocked to a capacity of 10 or 30 rounds, allowing it to be sold in jurisdictions where magazine capacities are restricted by law . In order to be legal for purchase by civilians without obtaining a tax stamp for a Short Barreled Rifle (SBR) as defined by the United States National Firearms Act , the PS90 carbine has an extended 407 mm (16.0 in) barrel and

13100-518: The heavy use of polymers in its construction, the MP7 is much lighter than older SMG designs, weighing only 1.2 kg (2.65 lb) with an empty 20-round magazine. Russia uses 7N21 and 7N31 cartridges which are hotter loaded 9x19mm Parabellum cartridges with special armor piercing bullets. The armor piercing bullets consist of a hardened steel core inside a lighter sleeve which damages soft targets but strips off if it hits an armored target and lets

13231-522: The inside of an armored vehicle. Introduced in 2001, the Heckler & Koch MP7 is a direct rival to the FN P90. Featuring a more conventional-looking design, the MP7 uses a short-stroke piston gas system as used on H&K's G36 and HK416 assault rifles, in place of a blowback system traditionally seen on submachine guns. The MP7 is able to use 20-, 30- and 40-round magazines and fires 4.6×30mm ammunition which can penetrate soft body armor. Due to

13362-483: The integrated reflex sight, this model uses standard tritium iron sights. There is one full-length accessory rail integrated into the top of the receiver, and two rail stumps are included on the sides of the receiver. The top rail will accept various optical sights with no tools or additional mounting hardware required, and the side rails serve to mount secondary accessories, such as tactical lights or laser aiming devices . The P90 USG (United States Government) model

13493-409: The intention of standardizing a PDW cartridge as a replacement for the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge. The tests compared the relative merits of the FN 5.7×28mm cartridge and the HK 4.6×30mm cartridge, which was created by German small arms manufacturer Heckler & Koch as a competitor to the 5.7×28mm. The results of the NATO tests were analyzed by a group formed of experts from Canada, France,

13624-592: The introduction of Ruger-57 in 2019. In turn, this made the PDW cartridges expensive to consumers due to the lack of mass production. Though personal defense weapons have not been very popular for their intended application, they have been acquired by various military special forces units and law enforcement groups, as an upgrade for their older submachine guns . The FN P90 and Five-seven pistol are used by military and police forces in over 40 countries, including Canada, Cyprus, France, Greece, India, Peru, Poland, Spain, and

13755-401: The left hand to retract and hold the slide 5 mm (0.20 in) rearwards, while simultaneously using the left-hand thumb to push and hold the takedown lever rearwards. When the slide is released, it moves forward freely and the complete slide assembly can be disengaged from the frame, whereupon the barrel (and captured recoil spring) can be removed from the slide. This level of disassembly

13886-602: The pistol from firing without a magazine inserted. The grip texture on current pistols is extensively checkered for a superior hold, and each side of the slide has a series of narrow ridges at the rear to aid grasping. The trigger and trigger guard surfaces also have grooves to reduce finger slip, and the trigger guard is elongated to ease firing while wearing gloves. The Five-seven is currently offered in two different frame finishes (standard black or flat dark earth ), and two different iron sight systems (adjustable sights or low profile fixed sights). Particularly significant to

14017-405: The pistol has also been offered to civilian shooters for uses such as personal protection and target shooting . Although offered only with sporting ammunition, the Five-seven's introduction to civilian shooters was met with vocal opposition from gun control organizations such as the Brady Campaign , and the pistol has been subject to ongoing controversy in the United States. The Five-seven

14148-476: The pistol in dim lighting. The Five-seven is supplied with a lockable hard case, a locking device and keys, a magazine release reversal tool, a sight adjustment tool (not included with the fixed sights model), a cleaning kit, an owner's manual, and three 20-round magazines (or three 10-round magazines, where restricted by law ). The Five-seven can be used in conjunction with a wide range of firearm accessories; holsters are offered by various manufacturers, and

14279-410: The pistol's MIL-STD-1913 ( Picatinny ) accessory rail will accept tactical lights or laser aiming devices . With the use of an extended, threaded barrel, the pistol can also be fitted with various sound suppressors developed by Advanced Armament Corporation , Gemtech , Silencerco, and other manufacturers. The Gemtech SFN-57 , which was developed in 1998 specifically for use with the Five-seven,

14410-407: The possibility to mount a Mini Red Dot on top of the slide, a threaded barrel , making it possible to use a silencer , a new texture pattern on the grip and deeper slide serrations. The Five-seven is a semi-automatic delayed blowback pistol chambered for FN's 5.7×28mm ammunition. The pistol has a concealed hammer . Polymer materials are used extensively in the pistol's design, and even

14541-427: The projectile design limits overpenetration, as well as the risk of ricochet . The lightweight projectile loses much of its kinetic energy after traveling only 400 m (440 yd), whereas a conventional pistol bullet such as the 9×19mm retains significant energy beyond 800 m (870 yd), posing greater risk of collateral damage in the event of a miss. This range exceeds the engagement distances expected for

14672-434: The rear of the weapon's frame—accessed by removing the buttplate—allows for storage of a cleaning kit . The P90 was designed to have a length no greater than a man's shoulder width, to allow it to be easily carried and maneuvered in tight spaces, such as the inside of an armored vehicle . To achieve this, the weapon's design uses the unconventional bullpup configuration, in which the action and magazine are located behind

14803-606: The receiver—were included for mounting secondary accessories, such as lasers or tactical lights. Like the PS90 Standard, the PS90 TR was available with either an olive drab or black frame. As of 2013, the PS90 TR model is no longer listed by FNH USA. The PS90 USG is now discontinued. In the same fashion as the P90 USG, this model had an aluminium reflex sight housing with a revised reticle . The black reticle consisted of

14934-477: The reflex sight is damaged, a set of fixed iron sights is provided on each side of the reflex sight housing. The newest MC-10-80, designated as the MC-10-80 Electronic, no longer uses tritium for its night reticle. Instead, the normal reticle can be illuminated in green powered by a CR2032 battery , with eight different brightness settings. The illuminated reticle makes the sight more versatile in

15065-496: The rights of law-abiding gun owners." In the same year, two pieces of legislation were introduced in the United States Congress , specifically targeting the Five-seven pistol and 5.7×28mm ammunition for a federal ban: the H.R. 1136: PLEA Act was introduced in the House of Representatives by Rep. Eliot Engel (D-NY), and the S. 527: PLEA Act was introduced in the Senate by Sen. Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ); neither bill proceeded to

15196-438: The same weight. Since the 5.7×28mm cartridge also has a relatively small diameter, an unusually high number of cartridges can be contained in a magazine . The cartridge has a loud report and produces considerable muzzle flash , but it has roughly 30 percent less recoil than the 9×19mm cartridge, improving controllability . Due to its high velocity, the 5.7×28mm also exhibits an exceptionally flat trajectory . One of

15327-402: The steel slide is encased in a polymer shell. This provides reduced weight and greater resistance to corrosion. The slide's polymer shell gives the pistol the appearance of being constructed entirely of polymers, but the slide interior, barrel, trigger, springs, pins, and similar parts are all steel. However, the pistol is unusually lightweight, weighing only 744 g (1.6  lb ) with

15458-470: The top of the receiver, which allows the shooter to mount their preferred optical sight. The rail includes a set of integrated iron sights, as backup in case the primary sight is damaged. As of 2019 the PS90 Standard is available with a black frame. The PS90 SBR variant is functionally identical to the “PS90 Standard”, but instead of the extended 16 inch barrel, this variant retains the standard 10.5 inch barrel of its selective-fire counterpart, thus making it

15589-402: The trigger and alongside the shooter's face so that there is no wasted space in the stock . The P90's dimensions are minimized by its unique horizontally mounted feeding system, wherein the box magazine sits parallel to the barrel on top of the weapon's frame. The weapon overall has an extremely compact profile—it is the most compact fixed-stock submachine gun to be made. The standard version of

15720-469: The trigger fully to the rear produces fully automatic fire. Particularly significant to the design of the P90 is the small-caliber, high-velocity bottlenecked cartridge it uses. The 5.7×28mm cartridge was created by FN Herstal in response to a NATO requirement that called for a replacement for the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge, which is commonly used in pistols and submachine guns. The 5.7×28mm cartridge weighs 6.0 g (93  grains )—roughly half as much as

15851-509: The trigger to the back of the grip measures 69.85 mm (2.750 in), which is identical to a U.S. Military issue M9 pistol chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum . The Five-seven barrel is cold hammer-forged and chrome-lined , with a total length of 122 mm (4.8 in) and a rifled length of 94 mm (3.7 in). The barrel has eight rifling grooves with a right-hand twist rate of 1:231 mm (1:9.1 in), and it weighs 113 g (0.249 lb). The small caliber gives

15982-427: The use of a barrel feed ramp , having a beveled chamber only—the pistol's feeding is inherently reliable because of its use of bottlenecked cartridges. The pistol is supplied with 20-round magazines as standard, or 10-round magazines for jurisdictions with a high-capacity magazine ban . The Five-seven will also accept an aftermarket extended 30-round magazine, which protrudes an additional 38 mm (1.5 in) from

16113-451: The war ended before they were sent to Europe. The contract was cancelled on March 1, 1919, after production of 65,000 devices, 1.6 million magazines, 65 million cartridges and 101,775 modified Springfield rifles. The Pedersen device was declared surplus in 1931. To prevent them from falling into the hands of the lawless, nearly all of the stored devices were destroyed by the Army except for

16244-438: The weapon has a fixed stock (as opposed to having a collapsing or folding stock ), it can be quickly deployed when needed. The weapon's smooth, rounded contours prevent it from snagging on the shooter's clothing or equipment, and a small vertical protrusion is provided at the front end of the weapon's frame to prevent the shooter's hand from accidentally slipping in front of the muzzle while shooting. A hollow compartment inside

16375-431: The weapon has an overall length of 500 mm (20 in), a height of 210 mm (8.3 in), and a width of 55 mm (2.2 in). The P90 requires minimal maintenance , and it can be disassembled quickly and easily. It is a modular firearm, consisting of four main component groups: the barrel and optical sight group, the moving parts group, the frame and trigger group, and the hammer group. The P90's barrel

16506-521: The weapon is relatively lightweight, weighing 2.5 kg (5.5 lb) empty, or 3 kg (6.6 lb) with a loaded 50-round magazine. The P90 is notable for being fully ambidextrous —it can be operated by right or left-handed shooters with equal ease, and without making any modifications to the weapon. FN Herstal has described it as the "first fully ambidextrous individual automatic weapon." The charging handle , magazine release and backup iron sights are symmetrically distributed on both sides of

16637-630: The weapon's original conceptual role: as a compact but powerful small arm that can be conveniently carried for personal defense, usually by support personnel behind the front line such as military engineers , logistic drivers, medical specialists , artillery crews, or signallers . These "second-line" personnel are not strictly combat troops expected to directly engage the enemy, but may still be at risk of encountering decently equipped (and often well-armored) hostile skirmishers and infiltrators , therefore having to defend themselves in close quarters . Such encounters will warrant an effective weapon that

16768-421: The weapon, and the firing selector is located directly at the foot of the trigger, where it can be operated from either side by the shooter's trigger finger or support hand thumb. When fired, the P90 ejects spent cartridge casings downward through a chute located behind the grip, so spent cases are kept out of the shooter's line of sight . The P90 can be fitted with a sling for greater ease of carry, and since

16899-696: Was an unsolicited design by Peter Andreevich Tkachev working at TsNIITochMash . Although not accepted for service, this design, in combination with report of the US use of the XM-177 in Vietnam led the GRAU to start the competition known as Project Modern , which led to the adoption of AKS-74U for service. In 1979, Rock Island Arsenal designed a version of the M16 assault rifle adapted for shooting from firing ports on

17030-465: Was introduced and offered to civilian shooters for use with 5.7×28mm sporting ammunition. The IOM model incorporated several modifications to the weapon's design, such as the addition of an M1913 accessory rail, a magazine safety mechanism, and fully adjustable sights. Further development of the Five-seven pistol led to the introduction of the Five-seven USG model, which was approved by

17161-403: Was the first small arms manufacturer to respond to NATO's requirement; FN started by developing a shoulder-fired personal defense weapon, the P90, along with a small caliber, high velocity 5.7×28mm cartridge type. The original 5.7×28mm cartridge, called the SS90 , went into production with the P90 in 1990. The SS90 propelled a 1.5 g (23  grain ) plastic-core projectile from the P90 at

#298701