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67-529: Foramadiahi is a village on Ternate island in North Maluku , Indonesia . It has a prominent role in stories about the formation of the Ternate Kingdom and has a number of historical graves. Foramadiahi is situated in the southern part of Ternate, 350 meters above sea level, overlooking the old sultan's seat Gam-ma-lamo . According to the historical traditions of Ternate, the oldest center on

134-613: A great symbolic role. Cico replaced his title with Kolano , which means "king". The capital of the kingdom was first in Sampalu village, but moved to Formadiahi during the reign of Kaicil Siale (1284–1298). Under Kaicil Ngara Malamo (1304–1317), Ternate expanded its influence and conquered neighbouring islands. Ngara Malamo was succeeded by Patsyarangan Malamo (1317–1322) and later Sidang Arif Malamo (1322–1331). During this time, Ternate started to interact with Chinese and Arab traders, especially from Malacca and Java . Ternate became

201-583: A major port city and center of the spice trade in the Moluccas region, competing with its rival, Tidore. Some of the foreign traders eventually created the foundations of the Chinese and Arab communities in the city today. Around 1322, Arif Malamo initiated the Moti Agreement, which was a result of discussions between the rulers in Moluccas about trade and standardization of government structures. As

268-462: A number of smaller islands adjacent to Seram. Religion in Seram Island (2023) Seram has been traditionally associated with the animism of the indigenous Alfur (or Nuaulu ), a West Melanesian people who reputedly retained a custom of headhunting until the 1940s. Today, however, most of the population of Seram is either Muslim or Christian due to both conversion and immigration. Seram

335-523: A result of this agreement, the Moluccas had relatively peaceful times of over the next twenty years and trade flourished. However, Arif was succeeded by Kaicil Tulu Malamo, who revoked the agreement as he thought it limited his expansionist ambitions. Ternate conquered neighbouring islands like the Sula Islands and Seram Island over the course of the 1400s. In the midst of this expansionist era, Ternate officially became an Islamic sultanate during

402-745: Is a non-Austronesian language that belongs to the North Halmahera branch of the West Papuan languages . Many inhabitants of Ternate use Ternatean as their first language and employ Ternate Malay as a means of interethnic or trade communication. In 2020, the city had 114 kindergartens, 124 elementary schools, 43 junior high schools, 26 senior high schools, and 9 vocational high schools. All three public higher education institutions in North Maluku are located in Ternate. Khairun University

469-945: Is a public university in the province, located in South Ternate District. It is the main university of the province and accepts students from the national SNMPTN system. It was previously a private university, but was taken over by the Ministry of Education and Culture to serve as the public university of North Maluku in 2004. There is also the Ternate State Islamic Institute, which is also public, and Ternate Medical Polytech. Other private universities and institutions also exist, such as Muhammadiyah University, Wiratama Polytech of Science and Technology, Kie Raha Teaching and Education College, and Ternate Computer Academy. Aside from formal education, there are six registered Islamic boarding schools in

536-402: Is dominated by the volcanic Mount Gamalama (1,715 m). An 1840 eruption destroyed most houses, and additional ones occurred in 1980, 1983, 1994 and 2011. During the 2011 eruption, Indonesia closed a domestic airport near the volcano for several days following ash emissions that reached 2,000 metres (6,600 feet) into the atmosphere. The foothills are home to groves of clove trees, and climbs to

603-574: Is held in early December. It consists of a parade of decorated boats, a rowing competition, a fishing competition, and traditional art and dance shows. Another festival is the Legu Gam Festival, which is held to celebrate the sultan's birthday. During the festival, several traditional dances are performed in a parade. These festivals have been supported and promoted by the Ministry of Tourism. There are several city parks in Ternate, such as Nukila Park. Another city park, Moya Park, located in

670-582: Is remarkable for its high degree of localised bird endemism. There are 117 species of birds on the island; 14 species and subspecies are endemic , including the eclectus , great-billed and Moluccan king parrot , purple-naped and red lories , salmon-crested cockatoo , Seram masked owl , collared , sacred and lazuli kingfishers , long-crested myna , elegant imperial-pigeon , Seram oriole , metallic starlings and grey-necked and Seram friarbirds . The mammals found on Seram include Asian murid rodents as well as Australasian marsupials , including

737-461: Is served by Sultan Babullah Airport . The city has angkots and online ride-hailing services such as Gojek . There are nine media companies registered in Ternate according to the Press Council , both digital and printed. There are local television stations such as Gamalama TV, and also branches of nationwide private channels such as Trans TV Ternate Branch. Printed news media in

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804-479: The Banda Islands . Seram is traversed by a central mountain range , the highest point of which, Mount Binaiya , is covered with dense rain forests . Its remarkably complex geology is because of its location at the meeting of several tectonic microplates, which have been described as "one of the most tectonically complex areas on Earth". Seram falls on its microplate, which has been twisted around by 80° in

871-513: The Ceram rat , all considered threatened. Herpetiles are highly prevalent on the islands. The largest and most dangerous to humans is the saltwater crocodile , found within the island's coastal brackish waters and deltas ; some are known to swim inland via freshwater routes, such as the Salawai River . Other reptiles of the island include Amboina sailfin lizards , Bronchocela sp.,

938-513: The Indonesian Army . Other private hospitals are also present, such as Dharma Ibu Ternate General Hospital and Medika Harifalm General Hospital, both classified as D-class hospital. Only 68% of city population has government-mandated healthcare insurance BPJS Kesehatan as of 2020, and major health problems in the city includes 27.59% of city population above 15 years old smoking an average 80 cigarettes per week. Toddler inoculation in

1005-564: The Manusela tribe follow Hinduism. Copra , resin , sago , and fish are important products. Oil is produced in the northeast near Bula by CITIC Seram Energy who took over from KUFPEC (Indonesia) Limited in 2006. The Oseil oil field is located onshore in the northeast of the island in the Seram Non-Bula Production Sharing Contract area. The discovery well was drilled in 1993. As of end 2010

1072-535: The Momole from other villages for a meeting, who all agreed to choose Cico , the chief of Sampalu village, as the collective ruler of Ternate. Cico may correspond to Kaicil Mashur Malamo, who was the first ruler according to other traditions and was a son of the Arab Jafar Sadik, who is claimed to be the father of the founding kings of Ternate, Tidore , Bacan and Jailolo . This political four-division had

1139-872: The Portuguese battles in the Indian Ocean against Muslim powers continued, Ternate became a site of interest, particularly for the Ottomans , who had gained much information about maritime Southeast Asia from the Sultanate of Aceh . Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis , the Ottoman admiral, intended to reach both Java, Borneo and Ternate but was engaged in battle and outnumbered against the Portuguese fleet in Sumatra . Spanish and Dutch traders competing for control over

1206-668: The Sultanate of Brunei by siding with the subjugated Kingdom of Tondo , the state which Manila displaced when Brunei invaded Luzon . The Spanish set up Manila as a captaincy-general under the Mexico-based Viceroyalty of New Spain , and Spanish Ternate in turn was ruled under the governor-general based in Manila. In 1607, the Dutch came back to Ternate and built a fort in Malayo with the locals' help. The Spaniards occupied

1273-434: The brown tree snake , emerald tree skinks , green sea turtles , Indonesian blue-tongued skinks , Moluccan flying snakes and the tokay gecko , among numerous other species of gecko and skink . Amphibians include Fejervarya , fork-tongued frogs and Horst's and white-lipped tree frogs . In the eastern part of the island, Manusela National Park was established in 1997, covering an area of 1,890 km (11% of

1340-517: The common spotted cuscus and several species of Phalanger . The mountain area of Seram supports the greatest number of endemic mammals of any island in the region. It harbors 38 mammal species and includes nine species that are endemic or near-endemic, several of which are limited to montane habitats. These include the Seram bandicoot , several bat species including Moluccan and Seram flying foxes , Manusela mosaic-tailed rat , spiny Ceram rat and

1407-453: The 1780s, Seram provided a key base of support for Prince Nuku of Tidore 's long-running rebellion against Dutch rule. From 1954 until 1962 the island's mountain terrain was the scene of an armed guerilla struggle against Indonesian rule by the counter revolutionary Republic of South Moluccas movement led by Soumokil . Seram includes three of the regencies within the province of Maluku, but administratively each of these regencies includes

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1474-560: The 18th century, Ternate was the site of a VOC governorship, which attempted to control all trade in the northern Moluccas. By the 19th century, the spice trade had declined substantially, and the region was less central to the Netherlands colonial state, but the Dutch maintained a presence in the region to prevent another colonial power from occupying it. After the VOC was nationalised by the Dutch government in 1800, Ternate became part of

1541-502: The Central Ternate District, and there are 12 healthcare centers. The main public hospital in the city, Dr. H. Chasan Boesoirie Regional Hospital, is a public hospital owned by province government and classified as B-class by the Ministry of Health. Another public hospital was inaugurated in 2021, named Ternate City Regional Hospital, which is maintained by the city's government. There's also army hospital operated by

1608-465: The Moya subdistrict, was previously a dump site. The city has several shopping malls, such as Jatiland Mall, Hypermart Ternate, and Muara Mall. There are 319 kilometers of road in the city, out of which 284 kilometers have been paved with hotmix asphalt. There are also 18 kilometers that have been paved with concrete instead. As Ternate is made of several islands, water transport is an important part of

1675-530: The Muslim Ternateans rebelled against the Portuguese who were besieged in their castle. Their captain was Dom Álvaro de Ataíde, and Belchior Vieira de Ternate distinguished himself in the defense until the garrison was forced to capitulate to Sultan Babullah in 1575, who made the castle his palace. Ambon and Tidore became the new centres for Portuguese activity in Maluku. European power in the region

1742-527: The Philippines; about 200 families of mixed Mexican-Filipino-Spanish and Papuan-Indonesian-Portuguese descent left. In the Philippines, they settled in Ermita , Manila; San Roque, Cavite ; Tanza , Cavite; and Ternate, Cavite , which they named after their homeland. Some mixed people chose to stay in Ternate, Indonesia, though they were persecuted and went through Islamization by a resurgent sultanate. In

1809-529: The Portuguese, while Fort Oranje was a temporary headquarters of Dutch East India Company . The palace of the Ternate sultanate still exists and currently functions as a museum. It is named Kedaton Sultan Ternate and is considered the national cultural heritage of Indonesia. Another historical building is the Ternate Sultanate Mosque. The city celebrates the kora-kora (traditional Moluccan boat) festival during their city anniversary, which

1876-471: The Ternate sultante's power came near the end of the 16th century under Sultan Baabullah , when it exerted influence over most of the eastern part of Sulawesi, the Ambon and Ceram area, the Banda Islands , Solor Islands , Mindanao , and parts of Papua. It engaged in a fierce competition for control of its periphery with Tidore. According to historian Leonard Andaya , Ternate's "dualistic" rivalry with Tidore

1943-542: The city as of 2021. Half of them are located in South Ternate District, while the rest are located in North Ternate and Central Ternate Districts. Due to numbers of higher education institutions in the city, it is also known as "Education City". School participation rate is high: around 99.06% for children in the 15-year-old age group. Female student enrollment is higher than those of males as of 2020, reaching 100% as opposed to 98.05% on male students. Literacy rate

2010-513: The city for basic vaccines such as BCG and polio is relatively high, at 92.29% and 89.70%, respectively, while 91.02% of births in the city were assisted by professional healthcare workers. The city's population has a life expectancy of around 71 years, which is roughly similar to the national average. The city houses historical forts built by both Europeans and the Ternate sultanate, such as Kalamata Fort, Kastela Fort, Oranje Fort, and Santo Pedro Fort. Fort Tolukko and Fort Kalamata were built by

2077-474: The city in 2020 was 10.55 trillion rupiahs, an increase of 100 million rupiahs from the previous year. Economic growth in 2019 was 8.16% but later dropped to -0.85% in 2020. Historically, the city and surrounding region were major producers of nutmeg in the world. As of 2020, 1,006 tons of nutmeg was harvested. Other agricultural products are clove with 330 tons, mango with 120 tons, tomato with 74.30 tons, and eggplant with 58.80 tons. The trading sector employed

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2144-534: The city in 2020 was 101 males per 100 females. As with most places in Indonesia, the population is relatively young with the group above 15 years numbering around 182,439 people. Population growth in 2019 was 2.21%. Most inhabitants of Ternate are Muslim . There is also a small Protestant minority, mostly migrants from neighbouring regions. The indigenous inhabitants of Ternate speak the Ternate language , which

2211-799: The city in an election. Head of districts are appointed directly by city mayor with recommendation by the city secretary. Ternate city is part of the First North Maluku electoral district with the West Halmahera Regency , both of which have 12 out of 45 seats in provincial parliament combined. At the city level, it is divided into four electoral districts, which has 30 representatives in total. The first electoral district consists of Central Ternate which has eight seats on city parliament, second electoral district with seven seats from North Ternate, third electoral district with 12 seats from South Ternate and Moti Island Districts, and

2278-468: The city include Malut Post, Fajar Malut, and Posko Malut. Radio Republik Indonesia also has a local branch in Ternate. Seram Island Seram (formerly spelled Ceram ; also Seran or Serang ) is the largest and main island of Maluku province of Indonesia , despite Ambon Island 's historical importance. It is located just north of the smaller Ambon Island and a few other adjacent islands, such as Saparua , Haruku , Nusa Laut and

2345-617: The city's gross regional product in 2020, and agriculture and fishing combined only 4.08%. The fastest growing sector in 2020 was the administration service with a growth of 13.95% followed by communication and information with 10.46%. The transportation sector in 2020 was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and imposed restrictions, declining as much as 20.44%. Trading and manufacture sector also decreased 7.45% and 7.56%, respectively, in 2020. The city's GDRP per capita stood at 46.13 million rupiahs in 2019, and total nominal GDRP of

2412-419: The city's transportation system. Goods transport is mostly done through Ahmad Yani Port; it is a relatively large port with a quay length of 167 meters and container yards totalling 1,889 hectares. The port is also served by routes operated by Pelni , and served 376,727 people out of the city in 2019. The city also has a separate port for fishing vessels, which can handle ships up to 2,250 gigatons. The city

2479-432: The city, and 104 identified potential tourist spots according to Statistics Indonesia . In 2019, the city was visited by 1,501 international tourists and 208,871 domestic tourists. The city experienced an inflation of 2.13% in 2020. Religion in Ternate (2023) The most populous district is South Ternate with 74,960 people in 2022, while the least populous is Batang Dua Island District with 2,820 people. The sex ratio in

2546-411: The entire southern coast of Seram in early 1512, for the first time for Europeans. Portuguese missionaries were active there in the 16th century. Dutch trading posts were opened in the early 17th century, and the island came under nominal Dutch control c. 1650. The Tidore Sultanate made periodical claims on Seram and were accorded suzerainty in the eastern part of the island from 1700 to 1768. In

2613-638: The fourth electoral district with three seats from Ternate Island, Hiri Island, and Batang Dua Island Districts. The city's economy is diverse. Its gross regional product is dominated by service sector, such as trade and wholesale, which made 25.13% of the city's gross regional product in 2020. Other big sectors are the transportation sector with 13.13%, public administration and social security service with 19.15%, information and communication with 8.17%, and financial and insurance services with 7.31%. In contrast with neighbouring regions, it does not rely much on extraction or agriculture, with mining making only 0.08% of

2680-454: The government of the Moluccas ( Gouvernement der Molukken ). Ternate was captured and occupied by the British in 1810 before being returned to Dutch control in 1817. In 1824, it became the capital of a residency (administrative region) covering Halmahera, the entire west coast of New Guinea , and the central east coast of Sulawesi. By 1867 all of Dutch-occupied New Guinea had been added to

2747-590: The island was Tobona further uphill. In the mid-13th century, the Ternatans under a chief called Molé-ma-titi established a second settlement midway between mountain and sea. This was Foramadiahi which offered a good vantage point over the southern coastal section and the islands nearby. Later still, a third settlement was founded at the coast, namely Sampalu (close to the site of Gam-ma-lamo). The third king ( kolano ) of Ternate, Siale (traditionally dated 1284-1298) abandoned his old capital Tobona for Foramadiahi. Later on

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2814-494: The island). Most central Moluccans consider Seram to be their original ancestral home and it is still known colloquially as Nusa Ina (Mother Island). In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, Seram was generally within the sphere of influence of Ternate , although it was often ruled more directly by the Ternaten vassal state of Buru . The expedition of António de Abreu (as captain) and Francisco Serrão sighted and explored

2881-486: The island. Relations between the Ternateans and Portuguese were strained from the start; an outpost far from Europe generally only attracted the most desperate and avaricious figures. The poor behaviour of the Portuguese combined with feeble attempts at Christianisation strained relations with Ternate's Muslim ruler, as did their efforts to monopolise the spice trade and dominate local politics. In 1535 King Tabariji

2948-535: The last 8 million years by the relatively faster movement of the Papua microplate. Meanwhile, along with the northward push of the Australian Plate, this has resulted in the uplift that gives north-central Seram peaks of over 3000 m. On the island, there are important karst areas. In the mountains, near Sawai, there is the cave Hatu Saka, currently the deepest cave in Indonesia (-388 m). In Taniwel district, on

3015-554: The locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (all classed as urban kelurahan ), and its post code. Notes: As with all Indonesian cities , the local government is a second-level administrative division run by a mayor and vice mayor with the city parliament, and it is equivalent to regency. Executive power lies with the mayor and vice mayor, while legislation duties are carried by local parliament. Mayor, vice mayor, and parliament members are democratically elected by people of

3082-470: The lucrative clove trade were caught up in the competition between Ternate and Tidore. The Dutch eventually became the ruling power, though for a long time their influence was limited, and the sultanates are still in place today. Spanish forces captured the former Portuguese fort from the Ternateans in 1606 and deported the Ternate sultan and his entourage to Manila , a city which the Spanish captured from

3149-475: The most people in the city, with 12,683 working in 2020. Industries employed 5,068 people, and other service sectors employed 2,310 people. The total registered SMEs in the city number around 13,765 units with 21,723 employed people in the city. Most of the SMEs are engaged in commerce and trading sector. There are also 976 business entities registered in the city. In 2020, there are total 73 hotel accommodations in

3216-493: The north coast, is the underground river Sapalewa , one of the largest underground rivers on the planet. The population of the island and the neighbouring smaller islands in the 2020 Census was 773,459 people, administered among three regencies ( kabupaten ), namely Maluku Tengah Regency (which had 204,907 people on Seram Island itself and 218,185 on the lesser islands, the majority on Ambon Island), Seram Bagian Barat Regency and Seram Bagian Timur Regency . Seram Island

3283-407: The north, Afetaduma and Jouburiki in the west, and the beach at the village of Kastela in the southeast. Ternate has a tropical rainforest climate with heavy rainfall year-round. At the time of the 2010 census, Ternate city (which includes seven neighbouring islands and islets as well as the main island of Ternate) was divided into seven districts , but in 2018 an eighth district (Ternate Barat)

3350-439: The peak of the volcano can be made. The airport lies along the northeast coastline. Hiri island is a stratovolcanic cone lying off the northern tip of Ternate. Moti Island is also a stratovolcano, and is situated between Tidore and Mare Islands to the north and Makian to the south. Crocodile-infested Tolire Lake lies in the northwest of Ternate island and is bordered by sheer cliffs. Ternate beaches include Sulamadaha in

3417-500: The periphery particularly under Hamzah 's rule (r. 1627–1648). Dutch influence over the kingdom was limited, though Hamzah and his successor, Sultan Mandar Syah (r. 1648–1675) ceded some regions to the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in exchange for helping control rebellions. The Spanish abandoned Ternate and Tidore in 1663; when they abandoned Ternate, some of the people accompanied the Spanish in their retreat to

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3484-520: The reign of Zainal Abidin (1468–1500) and supplemented the Kolano title with that of sultan. It was during this time that a period of Islamization began. Abidin also changed the traditional Moluccan government structure into a more Islamic one, including the foundation of the Jolabe , a council made up of Islamic clerics that would advise the sultan on religious matters. This structural and titular change

3551-569: The residency, but its region was gradually transferred to Ambon (Amboina) before being subsumed into it in 1922. Like the rest of Indonesia, Ternate was occupied by Japanese forces during World War II ; eastern Indonesia was governed by the navy. After Japan surrendered in August 1945 and Indonesia declared independence, Ternate was reoccupied in early November 1945 by Allied forces who intended to return Indonesia to Dutch control. After World War 2, Ternate gained city status on 10 December 1946, but

3618-432: The rest of the population. The first Europeans to arrive at Ternate were part of the Portuguese expedition of Francisco Serrão coming from Malacca ; they were shipwrecked near Ceram and rescued by local residents. Sultan Abu Lais of Ternate heard of their plight and brought them to Ternate in 1512 when he saw a chance to ally himself with a powerful foreign nation. The Portuguese were allowed to build Fort Kastela on

3685-437: The seat of the kolanos (from the late 15th century sultans) was moved to the coast, apparently as a consequence of the increasing inter-regional spice trade . In colonial times Foramadiahi was settled by people from Tidore . However, the site was completely abandoned by the 1970s. It has presently a small population and the status of a keluruhan . Among the graves preserved at the site is one where Sultan Babullah of Ternate

3752-541: The southern part of the island where they had their main settlement, Ciudad del Rosario. The island was divided between the two powers: the Spaniards were allied with Tidore and the Dutch with Ternate. For the Ternatean rulers, the Dutch were a useful, if not particularly welcome, presence that gave them military advantages against Tidore and the Spanish. Ternate expanded its territory and strengthened its control over

3819-549: Was 99.68% as of 2020. Despite relatively developed infrastructure, schools in smaller islands, particularly such as those in the Moti and Hiri Districts, have fewer teachers in general compared to the mainland part of the city. The teacher-to-student ratio in the city is relatively lower compared to other parts of Indonesia: one teacher per 14 students. The city has total 5 hospitals, 5 polyclinics, 26 puskesmas , and 22 pharmacies as of 2020. Three out of five hospitals are located in

3886-472: Was a dominant theme in the early history of the Maluku Islands. As a result of its trade-dependent culture, Ternate was one of the earliest places in the region to which Islam spread, originating from Java in the late 15th century, though Islamic influence in the area can be traced further back to the late 14th century. The faith was restricted to Ternate's small ruling family before spreading to

3953-467: Was affected by the violent inter-religious conflict that swept Maluku province starting in late 1998, resulting in tens of thousands of displaced persons across the province but after the Malino II Accord of 2002 tempers cooled. Seram has been peaceful for many years but towns like Masohi remain informally divided into de facto Christian and Muslim sections. Around 7,000 people belonging to

4020-606: Was also adopted by Tidore and Bacan. Ternate and Tidore were the world's major producer of cloves , from which their rulers became among the wealthiest and most powerful sultans in the Indonesian region. Much of their wealth was used to fight each other. Until the Dutch completed the colonization of Maluku in the 19th century, the sultans of Ternate ruled an empire that periodically claimed at least nominal influence in magnitude as Ambon , Sulawesi , and Papua . The peak of

4087-462: Was assigned as the de facto capital of the province until 2010, when Sofifi was chosen. However, Sofifi still lacked infrastructure and city status, and today most activity in the province is still conducted in Ternate. Ternate lies in a very active seismic region where volcanic activity and earthquakes are common. Ternate belongs to a group of islands that make up part of the Ring of Fire . Ternate

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4154-543: Was created in the west of the island from part of the Pulau Ternate District. The districts are tabulated below with their areas (in square kilometres) and their populations during the 2010 and 2020 censuses, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. Five of these districts are on the island of Ternate, and the remaining three each consist of a smaller neighbouring island or (in the case of Pulau Batang Dua District) islands. The table also includes

4221-423: Was demoted to a district on 30 March 1965. It regained its city designation on 11 March 1981. The sultanate still exists but with no power, and the titular rulers only act as cultural figures. Ternate became part of Maluku when Indonesia became independent. There was some violence in Ternate during the 1998–2000 sectarian conflict across the Maluku islands. After the split of the new North Maluku province, it

4288-458: Was deposed and sent to Goa by the Portuguese. He converted to Christianity and changed his name to Dom Manuel. After being declared innocent of the charges against him, he was sent back to reassume his throne, but died en route in Malacca in 1545, though he bequeathed Ambon to his Portuguese godfather Jordão de Freitas. When Sultan Hairun was murdered and his head displayed on a pike in 1570,

4355-582: Was first situated close on the hillside of the Gamalama mountain and named Tobona. During this time, Tobona was ruled by a tribal chief with the title of Momole . This period was characterized by several smaller tribal settlements around Gamalama which were founded afterwards, such as Foramadiahi being established further downhill, while Sampalu, and Gamlamo were founded along the coast. These settlements also had their own Momole and were nominally independent from each other. In 1257, Tobona gathered all

4422-560: Was supposedly buried. Ternate Maluku is mentioned in Nagarakretagama . The term originally denoted the spice-producing islands of North Maluku, of which Ternate became the dominant one. The Ternate Kingdom was previously known as the Kingdom of Gapi. Moluccan tradition says that there was an exodus of people moving out of Halmahera around 1250 due to political conflicts. The settlement founded by people from Halmahera

4489-538: Was weak and Ternate became an expanding, fiercely Islamic and anti-Portuguese state under the rule of Babullah (r. 1570–1583) and his son Sultan Saidi Berkat . In 1579, the sultan entertained the English adventurer and circumnavigator Francis Drake , who had little interest in buying cloves, as his ship, the Golden Hind , was too full of gold that he had raided from Spanish treasure ships to carry cloves. As

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