46-574: Fort Jones may mean: Fort Jones , the U. S. Army outpost in Siskiyou County, California Fort Jones, California , a town 1 mile north of the site of the old Fort Jones, in Siskiyou County. Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Fort Jones . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
92-884: A dye shop with remains of both woad and madder have been excavated and dated to the 10th century. In medieval times, centres of woad cultivation lay in Lincolnshire and Somerset in England, Jülich and the Erfurt area in Thuringia in Germany, Piedmont and Tuscany in Italy, and Gascogne , Normandy , the Somme Basin (from Amiens to Saint-Quentin ), Brittany and, above all, Languedoc in France. This last region, in
138-684: A dye. There has also been some revival of the use of woad for craft purposes. The first archaeological finds of woad seeds date to the Neolithic period. The seeds have been found in the cave of l'Audoste, Bouches-du-Rhône , France. Impressions of seeds of Färberwaid (Isatis tinctoria L.) or German indigo, of the plant family Brassicaceae , have been found on pottery in the Iron Age settlement of Heuneburg , Germany. Seed and pod fragments have also been found in an Iron Age pit at Dragonby, North Lincolnshire, United Kingdom. The Hallstatt burials of
184-427: A mile to the south of the city's corporate limits. The town was originally named Scottsburg (c. 1850), but was changed to Scottsville shortly afterward. In 1852, the site was again renamed Wheelock , this time in honor of Mr. O. C. Wheelock who, with his partners, established the area's first commercial enterprise. In 1854, a post office was established and the town was renamed again, becoming known as Ottitiewa ,
230-473: A scourge on the ranchers of Scott Valley. On December 14, 1894, Billy Dean, a Native American, was lynched by unknown persons in the town of Happy Camp, California while in the custody of Constable Fred Dixon. Dean was accused of shooting co-worker William Baremore near Grinder Creek outside of Happy Camp on December 5, 1894. Constable Dixon and Dean were staying at a hotel in Happy Camp while on their way
276-436: A seed impression on an Anglo-Saxon pot. The authors theorize that vitrum could have actually referred to copper(II) sulfate 's naturally occurring variant chalcanthite or to the mineral azurite . A later study concluded the amount was "not of sufficient magnitude to provide convincing evidence that the copper was deliberately applied as paint". Woad was an important dyeing agent in much of Europe and parts of England during
322-421: A shipment of British hay seed infected with the seed of a plant known as Dyers Woad . Those seeds spread their spawn throughout Scott Valley, culturing a plant known in the area as Marlahan Mustard . The plant has a beautiful, canary plume in the spring which matures to small, black, hard seeds. Unfortunately, the herbivore beasts of burden will not eat hay in which this plant exists, and ever since it has been
368-531: A tattoo pigment have claimed that it does not work well, and is actually caustic and causes scarring when put into the skin. It has also been claimed that Caesar was referring to some form of copper - or iron -based pigment. Analysis done on the Lindow Man did return evidence of copper. The same study also noted that the earliest definite reference to the woad plant in the British Isles dates to
414-533: A town in the Scott Valley area of Siskiyou County, California , United States. Like many of the communities that surround Mount Shasta , it lies in the southern tip of the Cascadia bioregion . Its population is 695 as of the 2020 census , down from 839 from the 2010 census . Fort Jones is registered as a California Historical Landmark . It takes its name from the frontier outpost once located less than
460-464: A trading post, a bar, and a brothel at this site, which primarily served the troopers stationed at the fort. Near the end of the 1850s, the nearby mining camps of Hooperville and Deadwood began to disband as a result of the dwindling stores of placer gold, epidemic illness and devastating fires. The mines around Scott Valley attracted many immigrants from many parts of the United States and
506-618: A woad mill model, photos and other items used in woad production. A major market for woad was at Görlitz in Lausitz. The citizens of the five Thuringian Färberwaid (dye woad) towns of Erfurt , Gotha , Tennstedt , Arnstadt and Langensalza had their own charters. In Erfurt, the woad-traders gave the funds to found the University of Erfurt . Traditional fabric is still printed with woad in Thuringia, Saxony and Lusatia today: it
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#1732790157313552-408: Is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae (the mustard family) with a documented history of use as a blue dye and medicinal plant. Its genus name, Isatis , derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις . It is occasionally known as Asp of Jerusalem . Woad is also the name of a blue dye produced from the leaves of the plant. Woad is native to the steppe and desert zones of
598-577: Is described in The History of Woad and the Medieval Woad Vat (1998) ISBN 0-9534133-0-6 . Woad is biodegradable and safe in the environment. In Germany, there have been attempts to use it to protect wood against decay without applying dangerous chemicals. Production of woad is increasing in the UK for use in inks , particularly for inkjet printers , and dyes. In certain locations,
644-616: Is known as Blaudruck (literally, "blue print(ing)"). In the Marche region, the cultivation of the plant was an important resource for the Duchy of Urbino in Italy. To fully understand the importance of the ford industry in the State of Urbino , it is enough to read the comprehensive Chapters of the art of wool in 1555, which dictated prescriptions regarding the cultivation and trade of woad, whether in loaves or macerated (powdered). Testifying to
690-511: Is used as an herbal medicinal tea in China for colds and tonsillar ailments. Used as a tea, it has a brownish appearance and (unlike most Chinese medicines) is mildly sweet in taste. The dye chemical extracted from woad is indigo , the same dye extracted from "true indigo", Indigofera tinctoria , but in a lower concentration. Following the Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India by
736-454: The 2010 census Fort Jones had a population of 839. The population density was 1,393.1 inhabitants per square mile (537.9/km ). The racial makeup of Fort Jones was 650 (77.5%) White, 33 (3.9%) African American, 61 (7.3%) Native American, 8 (1.0%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 23 (2.7%) from other races, and 64 (7.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 103 people (12.3%). The census reported that 710 people (84.6% of
782-617: The Caucasus , Central Asia to Eastern Siberia and Western Asia but is now also found in South-Eastern and Central Europe and western North America . Since ancient times, woad was an important source of blue dye and was cultivated throughout Europe, especially in Western and Southern Europe. In medieval times, there were important woad-growing regions in England, Germany and France. Towns such as Toulouse became prosperous from
828-559: The Hochdorf Chieftain's Grave and Hohmichele contained textiles dyed with woad. Melo and Rondão write that woad was known "as far back as the time of the ancient Egyptians, who used it to dye the cloth wrappings applied for the mummies." Skelton states that one of the early dyes discovered by the ancient Egyptians was "blue woad (Isatis tinctoria)." Lucas writes, "What has been assumed to have been Indian Indigo on ancient Egyptian fabrics may have been woad." Hall states that
874-594: The Hôtel d'Assézat . One merchant, Jean de Bernuy, a Spanish Jew who had fled the Spanish Inquisition , was credit-worthy enough to be the main guarantor of the ransomed King Francis I after his capture at the Battle of Pavia by Charles V of Spain . Much of the woad produced here was used for the cloth industry in southern France, but it was also exported via Bayonne , Narbonne and Bordeaux to Flanders,
920-562: The United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 0.6 square miles (1.6 km ), all of it land. This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F (22.0 °C). According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Fort Jones has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate , abbreviated Csb on climate maps. At
966-533: The Yreka, California jail, where Dean would be safe from local vigilantes. Baremore's friends were tailing the pair and waited for their moment. At two in the morning on December 14, 1894, a dozen masked men stormed the room and disarmed Constable Dixon. They tied Dean's hands and carried him to the Wheeler Building which was under construction where they strung him up by the neck from a derrick. His body
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#17327901573131012-515: The state legislature Fort Jones is in the 1st Senate District , represented by Republican Brian Dahle , and the 1st Assembly District , represented by Republican Megan Dahle . Federally, Fort Jones is in California's 1st congressional district , represented by Republican Doug LaMalfa . Isatis tinctoria Isatis tinctoria , also called woad ( / ˈ w oʊ d / ), dyer's woad, dyer's-weed , or glastum ,
1058-559: The Britanni used to colour their bodies blue with vitrum , a word that means primarily ' glass ' , but also the domestic name for the woad ( Isatis tinctoria ), besides the Gaulish loanword glastum (from Proto-Celtic * glastos ' green ' ). The connection seems to be that both glass and the woad are "water-like" ( Latin : vitrum is from Proto-Indo-European *wed-ro- , ' water-like ' ). In terms of usage,
1104-724: The Indian name for the Scott River branch of the Shasta tribe . The name remained unchanged until 1860 when local citizens successfully petitioned the postal department to change the name to Fort Jones, a name that is retained to the present day. The earliest permanent building at the town site was built in 1851 by two Messrs. Brown and Kelly. It was purchased soon after construction by O. C. Wheelock, Captain John B. Pierce, and two other unknown partners. Wheelock and his partners established
1150-526: The Latin vitrum is more often used to refer to glass rather than woad. The use of the word for the woad might also be understood as "coloured like glass", applied to the plant and the dye made from it. Gillian Carr conducted experiments using indigo pigment derived from woad mixed with different binders to make body paint. The resulting paints yielded colours from "grey-blue, through intense midnight blue, to black". People with modern experiences with woad as
1196-642: The Low Countries, Italy, and above all Britain and Spain. After cropping the woad eddish could be let out for grazing sheep. The woad produced in Lincolnshire and Cambridgeshire in the 19th century was shipped out from the Port of Wisbech , Spalding and Boston , both the last to northern mills and the USA. The last portable woad mill was at Parson Drove , Cambridgeshire, Wisbech & Fenland Museum has
1242-599: The Unicorn (1495–1505), though typically it is the dark blue of the woad that has lasted best. Medieval uses of the dye were not limited to textiles. For example, the illustrator of the Lindisfarne Gospels ( c. 720 ) used a woad-based pigment for blue paint. As does the late 13th century North Italian manual on book illumination Liber colorum secundum magistrum Bernardum describe its usage. In Viking Age levels at archaeological digs at York ,
1288-470: The age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.6% were non-families. 33.6% of households were one person and 17.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.81. The age distribution was 23.6% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 22.1% 65 or older. The median age
1334-757: The ancient Egyptians created their blue dye "by using indigotin, otherwise known as woad." A dye known as סטיס , satis in Aramaic , is mentioned in the Babylonian Talmud . Celtic blue is a shade of blue, also known as glas celtig in Welsh , or gorm ceilteach in both the Irish language and in Scottish Gaelic . Julius Caesar reported (in Commentarii de Bello Gallico ) that
1380-539: The development of a chemical process to synthesize the pigment, both the woad and natural indigo industries collapsed in the first years of the 20th century. The last commercial harvest of woad until recent times occurred in 1932, in Lincolnshire , Britain. Small amounts of woad are now grown in the UK and France to supply craft dyers. The classic book about woad is The Woad Plant and its Dye by J. B. Hurry, Oxford University Press of 1930, which contains an extensive bibliography. A method for producing blue dye from woad
1426-601: The greatest leaders of the Grand Army of the Republic less than a decade later; and George Pickett (Confederate). Ulysses S. Grant later a (Union) commander was ordered to Fort Jones, but resigned from the Army before his tenure was to begin. Fort Jones is located at 41°36′26″N 122°50′31″W / 41.60722°N 122.84194°W / 41.60722; -122.84194 (41.607303, -122.841817). According to
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1472-543: The importance that this crop had in the economy in addition to the archival documents was the identification of a hundred millstones surveyed by Delio Bischi in the province of Pesaro and Urbino, the original use of which had become completely unknown as their memory had been lost. The woad plant's roots are used in Traditional Chinese medicine to make a medicine known as banlangen ( bǎnlán'gēn 板蓝根 ) that purports to have antiviral properties. Banlangen
1518-400: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fort_Jones&oldid=973967282 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Fort Jones, California#Fort Jones Fort Jones is
1564-583: The medieval period. However, dye traders began to import indigo during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, which threatened to replace locally grown woad as the primary blue dye. The translation of vitrum as woad may date to this period. Woad was one of the three staples of the European dyeing industry, along with weld (yellow) and madder (red). Chaucer mentions their use by the dyer ("litestere") in his poem The Former Age : The three colours can be seen together in tapestries such as The Hunt of
1610-440: The navigator Vasco da Gama in 1498, great amounts of indigo were imported from Asia. Laws were passed in some parts of Europe to protect the woad industry from the competition of the indigo trade. It was proclaimed that indigo caused yarns to rot. This prohibition was repeated in 1594 and again in 1603. In France, Henry IV , in an edict of 1609, forbade under pain of death the use of "the false and pernicious Indian drug". With
1656-405: The occupied units 182 (59.9%) were owner-occupied and 122 (40.1%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.4%. 426 people (50.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 284 people (33.8%) lived in rental housing units. At the 2000 census there were 660 people in 298 households, including 185 families, in the city. The population density
1702-597: The population) lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and 129 (15.4%) were institutionalized. There were 304 households, 88 (28.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 130 (42.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 30 (9.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 23 (7.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 32 (10.5%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 0 (0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 94 households (30.9%) were one person and 34 (11.2%) had someone living alone who
1748-459: The southwest, in what was then known as Beaver Valley . Fort Jones would continue to serve Siskiyou County's military needs until the order was received to evacuate six years later, on June 23, 1858. Among the officers stationed at Fort Jones who would attain national prominence in ensuing years were Phil Sheridan ( Union Army ); William Wing Loring ( Confederate ); John B. Hood (Confederate); George Crook (Union), who would become one of
1794-531: The triangle created by Toulouse , Albi and Carcassonne , known as the Lauragais , was for a long time the biggest producer of woad, or pastel , as it was locally known. One writer commented that "woad […] hath made that country the happiest and richest in Europe." The prosperous woad merchants of Toulouse displayed their affluence in splendid mansions, many of which still stand, as the Hôtel de Bernuy and
1840-399: The woad trade. Woad was eventually replaced by the more colourfast Indigofera tinctoria and, in the early 20th century, both woad and Indigofera tinctoria were replaced by synthetic blue dyes. Woad has been used medicinally for centuries. The double use of woad is seen in its name: the term Isatis is linked to its ancient use to treat wounds; the term tinctoria references its use as
1886-588: The world, attracted to the area by news of the California Gold Rush of the 1850s. Irish and Portuguese immigrants remained as ranchers in the area after making enough on the gold fields to purchase property tracts in the valley. In the early years of the twentieth century, the northern Scott River tributaries of Moffitt and McAddams creeks were extensively settled by the Portuguese. The Irish surname Marlahan lives on after that family received
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1932-415: Was 1,096.7 inhabitants per square mile (423.4/km ). There were 328 housing units at an average density of 545.0 per square mile (210.4/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 88.64% White, 0.15% African American, 3.18% Native American, 0.45% Pacific Islander, 1.52% from other races, and 6.06% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.03%. Of the 298 households 28.9% had children under
1978-482: Was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males. The median household income was $ 21,563 and the median family income was $ 25,625. Males had a median income of $ 31,058 versus $ 16,875 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 15,301. About 23.3% of families and 26.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 31.1% of those under age 18 and 14.5% of those age 65 or over. In
2024-572: Was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.34. There were 183 families (60.2% of households); the average family size was 2.91. The age distribution was 168 people (20.0%) under the age of 18, 65 people (7.7%) aged 18 to 24, 266 people (31.7%) aged 25 to 44, 230 people (27.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 110 people (13.1%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 39.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 136.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 146.7 males. There were 344 housing units at an average density of 571.2 per square mile, of
2070-661: Was left hanging until 11:00 a.m. That day's headline in the Scott Valley News boasted, "He Is Now A Good Indian. Billy Dean Kills a White Man Without Cause and Is Summarily Hoisted to the Happy Hunting Ground." Located at 41°35′46″N 122°50′31″W / 41.59611°N 122.84194°W / 41.59611; -122.84194 , the post of Fort Jones was established on October 18, 1852, by its first commandant, Captain (brevet Major) Edward H. Fitzgerald, E Company, 1st U.S. Dragoons. Fort Jones
2116-595: Was named in honor of Colonel Roger Jones, who had been the Adjutant General of the Army from March 1825 to July 1852. Such military posts were to be established in the vicinity of major stage routes, which would have meant locating the post in the vicinity of Yreka , 16 miles (26 km) to the Northeast. The areas around Yreka did not contain sufficient resources, including forage for their animals, so Capt. Fitzgerald located his troop some sixteen miles to
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