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61-588: Mathematically the FCI is represented as The FCI as a tool was first published in 1991 by the National Association of College and University Business Officers (NACUBO). Applied Management Engineering (AME) was approached by a research group working on a project that was sponsored by NACUBO . The group asked for a written description of the facility condition assessment process, and related data analysis. The resulting written process and analysis served as

122-433: A constructed asset (i.e. building or structure) is restored to a condition substantially equivalent to the originally intended and designed capacity, efficiency, or capability. "Plant Replacement Value" (or "Functional Replacement Value") is the cost of replacing an existing building or structure at today's standards. The FCI can be used in the development and usage of Building Information Modeling for existing buildings. It

183-639: A demand for a substantial amount of military construction. In 1963 the Bureau of Yards and Docks was formally designated as the contract construction agent for Southeast Asia and became responsible for nearly all U.S. construction there, including facilities built for the United States Army , the United States Air Force , and other federal government agencies. Nearly 1.8 billion dollars’ worth of construction went into Vietnam under

244-568: A key Facilities Performance Indicator. Recommendation #6 in the National Research Council publication entitled "Stewardship of Federal Facilities states that performance indicators should be used to evaulate the effectiveness of facilities maintenance and repair programs. The American Public Works Association publication, Special Report #62, describes the use and value of facility condition rating systems in Chapter 3.6. Within

305-598: A list of officers it recommends for promotion to flag rank. This list is then sent to the service secretary and the joint chiefs for review before it can be sent to the President , through the defense secretary, for consideration. The president nominates officers to be promoted from this list with the advice of the Secretary of Defense , the service secretary, and if applicable, the service's chief of staff or commandant. The President may nominate any eligible officer who

366-415: A personal blue and white command pennant containing the initials, acronym abbreviation or numerical designation of their command. In 1981, Pub. L.   97–86 expanded commodore from a title to an official permanent grade by creating the one-star rank of commodore admiral . After only 11 months, the rank was reverted to just commodore but kept the one-star insignia. However, this caused issues with

427-601: A proposal mapped out by the Bureau's War Plans Section during the 1930s where experienced construction workers were recruited into the Navy to build overseas bases. Thus, the Naval Construction Force – popularly known as the Seabees – was born. The new Seabees received brief military training before shipping overseas to build advance bases in war zones. Led by Reserve CEC officers, the 325,000 men recruited for

488-401: A set of ratings: good (under 0.05), fair (0.05 to 0.10), and poor (over 0.10) based on evaluating data from various clients at the time of the publication. Today, many organizations are determining an appropriate FCI range for these ratings based upon their mission and strategic goals. The Higher Education Facilities Officers, APPA, use the FCI as part of their Strategic Assessment Model, and as

549-620: A time of retrenchment and stagnation for Navy Public Works. By 1921, more than 375 ships had been decommissioned and the shore establishment shrank accordingly. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, Congress appropriated some money for a naval construction program, which made improvements in shore facilities while providing much-needed jobs for unemployed civilians. When the Second World War broke out in Europe in 1939,

610-464: A uniform, enterprise approach to accomplishing its mission. On 14 October 2020, the Director, Navy Staff approved renaming NAVFAC to Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command, adding Systems to accurately reflect its authority and mission. A side effect of this realignment was the decommissioning of several NAVFAC components and displacement of hundreds of employees. Notable among the closures

671-826: Is a two-star flag officer, with the pay grade of O-8 in the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps and the United States Maritime Service . Rear admiral ranks above rear admiral (lower half) and below vice admiral . Rear admiral is equivalent to

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732-576: Is anticipated that future BIM will adhere to the format set forth by the Construction Specifications Institute . Naval Facilities Engineering Command 38°52′26.1″N 76°59′44.1″W  /  38.873917°N 76.995583°W  / 38.873917; -76.995583 The Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command (NAVFAC) is the United States Navy 's engineering systems command, providing

793-494: Is defined as what monetary value the organization places on the facility. An accurate FCI is dependent on the cost estimates developed for the facility deficiencies and current replacement value. The FCI is a relative indicator of condition, and should be tracked over time to maximize its benefit. It is advantageous to define condition ratings based on ranges of the FCI. Managing the Facilities Portfolio provided

854-476: Is equivalent to the rank of brigadier general in the United States Army , Air Force , Marine Corps , and Space Force and equivalent to the rank of commodore in most other navies. In the United States uniformed services, rear admiral (lower half) replaced the rank of commodore in 1985. Rear admiral (abbreviated as RADM ), also sometimes referred to informally as " rear admiral (upper half) ",

915-555: Is later, unless appointed for promotion or reappointed to grade to serve longer. Otherwise all flag officers must retire the month after their 64th birthday. However, the Secretary of Defense can defer a flag officer's retirement until the officer's 66th birthday and the President can defer it until the officer's 68th birthday. Flag officers typically retire well in advance of the statutory age and service limits, so as not to impede

976-461: Is not on the recommended list if it serves in the interest of the nation, but this is uncommon. The Senate must then confirm the nominee by a majority vote before the officer can be promoted. Once confirmed, a nominee is promoted by assuming an office that requires or allows an officer to hold that rank. For one-star or two-star positions of office that are reserved by statute, the President nominates an officer for appointment to fill that position. For

1037-516: The Bureau of Ordnance built naval magazines and the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery built naval hospitals. The experience gained by the Bureau during its first 75 years laid the foundation for its large growth during World War I . Between July 1916 and the armistice in November 1918, the Bureau expended $ 347 million for public works. That was more money than the Navy had spent on shore stations in

1098-641: The Civil Engineer Corps —which had been established in 1867—was expanded from 10 to 21 commissioned officers , five of whom reported for duty at Bureau Headquarters. The treaty at the war's end led to the construction of naval stations in Puerto Rico , Guam and the Philippines . In the next few years the Navy yards at Boston , Norfolk , and Philadelphia were modernized and a new yard was built at Charleston , South Carolina . During

1159-719: The Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth, Virginia and Naval Facilities Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center (EXWC) at Naval Base Ventura County in Port Hueneme, California . On August 31, 1842, the Bureau of Navy Yards and Docks (BuDocks) was established, the forerunner to the Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command. In early days of BuDocks, the command originally had responsibility only for

1220-486: The Pacific . To provide supervisors for this huge wartime effort, more than 10,000 Reserve CEC officers were recruited from civilian life between 1940 and 1945. The establishment of bases in war zones, where workers were subject to enemy attack, made the use of civilian construction men impractical at many overseas locations. Therefore, in 1942 Rear Admiral Ben Moreell , Chief of the Bureau of Yards and Docks, implemented

1281-525: The Seabees during World War II built bases on six continents and at locations all over the Pacific. Without the Seabees, the Navy's huge advance-base construction program would not have been possible. World War II presented the Bureau of Yards and Docks with the greatest challenge in its history. The value of the naval shore establishment in 1939 was estimated at less than half a billion dollars; by 1945

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1342-554: The U.S. Code of law . However, the four uniformed services will sometimes list the rank as rear admiral (upper half) to help the general public distinguish between the two grades. Although it exists largely as a maritime training organization, the United States Maritime Service does use the ranks of rear admiral (upper half) and rear admiral (lower half). By law, the Service has the same rank structure as

1403-619: The uniformed services of the United States is one of two distinct ranks of commissioned officers ; " rear admiral (lower half) ," a one-star flag officer , and " rear admiral " (sometimes referred to as " rear admiral (upper half) "), a two-star flag officer. The two ranks are only utilized by the United States Navy , U.S. Coast Guard , U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps , and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps . In contrast, in most other nations' rank-bearing services,

1464-794: The Assistant Surgeons General are one-star rear admirals and no more than half are two-star rear admirals. The Coast Guard's chief medical officer is also a commissioned corps two-star rear admiral, on assignment to the Coast Guard. Officers serving in certain intelligence positions are not counted against the statutory limit. For the Navy and the Coast Guard, to be promoted to the permanent grade of rear admiral (lower half) or rear admiral, officers who are eligible for promotion to these ranks are screened by an in-service promotion board composed of other flag officers from their branch of service. This promotion board then generates

1525-468: The Bureau with new challenges. With the help of the Seabees, it met the emergency. CEC officers and Seabees built bases throughout the Pacific to support United Nations troops. In Korea the Seabees placed landing causeways for the invasion forces and built air bases and camps. In the mid-1960s the Vietnam War started. Although it was modest in size compared to World War II, it nonetheless created

1586-540: The Civil Engineer Corps (CEC) had fewer than 200 officers on active duty and the shore establishment was woefully unprepared for a major conflict. After the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, the Navy's military construction program amounted to global proportions, expanding far beyond the continental United States and its prewar possessions to Europe, North Africa , Asia and the far corners of

1647-641: The Military Construction Program commonly known as MILCON. Meanwhile, in May 1966, as a result of a Navy Department reorganization, the Bureau of Yards and Docks was renamed Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), one of six systems commands under the Chief of Naval Material. This reorganization eliminated the traditional bilinear organization under which the Chief of Naval Operations and

1708-689: The Navy Civil Engineer Corps , which was formed in March 1867. During the 1966 reorganization of the Department of the Navy , the Bureau of Yards and Docks became the Naval Facilities Engineering Command. In October 2020, the name changed to the current Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command. The Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command delivers facilities engineering and acquisition for

1769-541: The Navy and United States Marine Corps with facilities and expeditionary expertise. NAVFAC is headquartered at the Washington Navy Yard and is under the command of the Chief of Civil Engineers RADM Dean VanderLey The Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command is the oldest of the Navy's system commands, having been established as the Bureau of Yards and Docks in August 1842. Its officers comprise

1830-800: The Navy and Marine Corps through six business lines. As of July 2022, NAVFAC consisted of the following nine business lines per its website: The contingency engineering section which as of 2020 provided contingency contracting, exercise and crisis planning, natural disaster support, remote construction, and technical reach-back support, was no longer listed as of July 2022. As of 2015, NAVFAC consisted of 13 component commands; nine are Facilities Engineering Commands that report to either NAVFAC Atlantic or NAVFAC Pacific. NAVFAC Atlantic in Norfolk, VA NAVFAC Pacific in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii There are also two specialty commands, Navy Crane Center (NCC) at

1891-643: The Navy and the Coast Guard, because the one-star and two-star grades are permanent ranks, the nominee may still be screened by an in-service promotion board to add their input on the nominee before the nomination can be sent to the Senate for approval. For the NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, one-star and two-star rank are achieved by appointment from

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1952-560: The Navy due to the difficulty in differentiating those commodores who were flag officers from commodores who were senior captains in certain command positions. Then in 1985, Pub. L.   99–145 renamed commodore to the current grade of rear admiral (lower half) effective on November 8, 1985. Up until 1981 all rear admirals wore two stars on their shoulder boards and rank insignia. Since then, rear admirals (lower half) wear one star while rear admirals wear two; verbal address remains "rear admiral" for both ranks. On correspondence, where

2013-751: The President, or from their department secretary, and do not require senatorial approval. The standard tour length for most rear admiral positions is three years, but some are set at four or more years by statute. For the Navy, Coast Guard, and NOAA Corps, both grades of rear admiral are permanent ranks and do not expire when the officer vacates a one-star or two-star position. The Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, however, employs permanent promotions in both grades of rear admiral as well as position-linked temporary appointments in both grades (e.g., Assistant Surgeons General). Their temporary ranks expires when those officers vacate certain temporary positions of office designated to bear those ranks. By tradition in

2074-644: The RDML abbreviation for the O-7 pay grade in 2022. As flag officers, the flags flown for rear admirals of the unrestricted line of the U.S. Navy have one or two white, single-point-up stars on blue fields for the lower half or upper half, respectively. The flags of restricted line officers and staff corps officers have blue stars on a white field. All services officially list the two-star grade as rear admiral and not rear admiral (upper half) as stated by 10 U.S.C.   § 8111 and 37 U.S.C.   § 201 of

2135-676: The Reserve Active Status List as part-time drilling reservists. Some of these billets are reserved or set by statute. For example, the Deputy Judge Advocate General of the Navy is a two-star rear admiral in the Navy. A newer statute enacted in 2016 lowers the cap on the total number of active duty flag officers in the Department of Defense to 151, effective December 31, 2022. In the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, at least half of

2196-491: The US Federal Government, the "condition index" (CI) is a general measure of the constructed asset's condition at a specific point in time. Within the US Federal Government, CI is calculated using the same formula of the ratio of Repair Needs to Plant Replacement Value (PRV) but results are presented as a percentage where higher values mean better conditions. "Repair Needs" is the amount necessary to ensure that

2257-573: The United States Coast Guard, but its uniforms are more similar to the United States Navy. By statute, Congress has expressly limited the total number of flag officers that may be on active duty at any given time. The total number of active duty flag officers is capped at 162 for the Regular Navy, augmented by a smaller number of additional flag officers in the Navy Reserve who are either on full-time active duty, temporary active duty, or on

2318-584: The United States Navy, when an officer is selected or appointed to flag rank, all current Navy flag officers write the selectee a letter congratulating him or her for attaining flag officer status. Other than voluntary retirement, federal statutes set a number of mandates for retirement. All one-star officers must retire after five years in grade or 30 years of service, whichever is later, unless they are selected or appointed for promotion or reappointed to grade to serve longer. All two-star officers must retire after five years in grade or 35 years of service, whichever

2379-607: The basis for the book. Two of the AME employees that contributed were William H. (Bill) Thomas and the late Emmett Richardson. Both had previously worked for the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), which is the U.S. Navy's facilities engineering Systems Command . Thomas and Richardson had calculated the FCI for budget preparation and used the ratio to allocate operations and maintenance money across naval activities and installations. The FCI

2440-543: The chiefs of the various bureaus reported separately to the Secretary of the Navy . The result was a unilinear organization, under which the systems commands reported to the Chief of Naval Material, who in turn reported to the CNO. In the mid-1980s the Naval Material Command was disestablished; and NAVFAC began reporting directly to the Chief of Naval Operations . U.S. forces withdrew from Vietnam in 1973 and

2501-529: The design, construction, and maintenance of Navy yards and a few other shore stations. In 1842 there were seven Navy yards arrayed along the eastern seaboard of the United States . Captain Lewis Warrington , a line officer , and six civilian employees, were assigned to administer public works at these yards. During the second half of the 19th century, the Bureau of Yards and Docks guided

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2562-501: The early years of the 20th century, the United States Congress expanded the Bureau's responsibilities by consolidating Navy public works under its control. The most important law was passed in 1911, when Congress placed the design and construction of all naval shore stations under BuDocks control. Previously the bureau that operated each type of shore facility had performed its own design and construction; for example,

2623-494: The end of American participation in the war brought demobilization and funding cuts to the Navy. In 1970, in anticipation of postwar reductions, NAVFAC consolidated its 13 engineering field divisions into six. The concentration of technical expertise into fewer and larger divisions led to a stronger and more efficient field organization. Within NAVFAC, in the 1970s emphasis was placed on improvements in personnel facilities to support

2684-626: The end of the 1980s, the collapse of the Soviet Union brought an abrupt end to the Cold War and the Navy no longer needed as many ships, planes and bases to support them. From NAVFAC's perspective, one of the most important results was the Base Realignment and Closure Program (BRAC). Between 1988 and 1995, Congress authorized four rounds of selections for base closures and numerous installations were slated for disestablishment. Until

2745-541: The fall of 2004, NAVFAC managed the BRAC Program for the Navy and Marine Corps. By the end of fiscal year 2004, the Command had helped the Navy dispose of 72 unneeded bases and had an inventory of 19 closed installations remaining to be excessed. In October 2003 an important change occurred in the administration of the naval shore establishment with a new command known as Commander Naval Installations Command , (CNIC)

2806-429: The new all-volunteer Navy, environmental protection , and energy conservation. The tight military budgets of the 1970s did not last long, however, for in 1980 the United States began one of the largest peacetime military buildups in its history. For fiscal year 1981, President Jimmy Carter requested an increase in the Department of Defense budget of more than 5 percent real growth. After Ronald Reagan took office

2867-681: The newly independent U.S. Air Force . Lower-half rear admirals were eventually advanced to full rear admirals, or upper half status, where they would receive pay equivalent to a two-star major general. However, both categories of rear admiral wore two-star insignia, an issue that was a source of consternation to the other services. At the same time, the Navy also bestowed the title of commodore on selected U.S. Navy captains who commanded multiple subordinate units, such as destroyer squadrons , submarine squadrons and air wings and air groups not designated as carrier air wings or carrier air groups. Although not flag officers , these officers were entitled to

2928-595: The next January, the DOD budget grew even faster. In 1981 Secretary of the Navy John Lehman embarked upon a major program of shipbuilding to increase the fleet from 540 ships to 600 ships by the middle of the decade. This expansion meant that the Navy needed more shore facilities to support the new ships, which in turn led to more construction work for NAVFAC. Between fiscal years 1982 and 1985, Congress appropriated more than $ 5 billion for Navy MILCON projects. At

2989-471: The previous 116 years. The construction program included 35 naval training stations, in addition to submarine bases at New London , Connecticut ; Pearl Harbor , Hawaii ; and Coco Solo , Panama ; as well as naval air stations at locations throughout the eastern United States , and in the United Kingdom , Ireland , Italy , Tunisia and France . The period between the world wars was generally

3050-501: The rank of major general in the U.S. Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Space Force. It is the highest permanent rank during peacetime in the uniformed services. All higher ranks are temporary ranks and linked to their specific commands or office and expire with the expiration of their term of command or office. Before the American Civil War , the U.S. Navy had resisted creating the rank of admiral. Instead, they preferred

3111-490: The rear admiral's rank is spelled out, the acronym (LH) and (UH) follows the rear admiral's rank title to distinguish between one and two stars. Beginning around 2001, the Navy, Coast Guard, and NOAA Corps started using the separate rank abbreviations RDML (one star) and RADM (two stars), while the Public Health Service continued to use the abbreviation RADM for both. The Public Health Service formally adopted

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3172-518: The shore establishment was worth at least $ 6.5 billion. All of this new construction was carried out under the Bureau's cognizance. At the end of the war, the Bureau faced a new problem—maintaining a much larger shore establishment with reduced funding. The onset of the Cold War in the late 1940s led to some much-needed increases in the Bureau's budget. Then, in 1950 the Korean War , which required more men and materials than World War I , presented

3233-525: The temporary expansion of the shore establishment that was necessary to fight the American Civil War . It also oversaw the development of permanent Navy yards on the Pacific Coast at Mare Island , California , and Puget Sound , Washington . In 1898, the Spanish–American War precipitated a great increase in the Bureau's activities. Its civilian workforce grew from seven to 22 people and

3294-536: The term " flag officer ", in order to distinguish the rank from the traditions of the European navies. During the American Civil War, the U.S. Congress honored David Farragut 's successful assault on the city of New Orleans by creating the rank of rear admiral on July 16, 1862. During World War II , the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Coast Guard both had a temporary appointment, one-star rank of commodore, that

3355-766: The term " rear admiral " refers exclusively to two-star flag officer rank. Rear admiral (lower half) (abbreviated as RDML ) is a one-star flag officer , with the pay grade of O-7 in the United States Navy , the United States Coast Guard , the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps , and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps . Rear admiral (lower half) ranks above captain and below rear admiral . Rear admiral (lower half)

3416-706: Was Engineering Field Activity Northeast in Lester , Pennsylvania . The Navy Crane Center, which was also located in Lester, was relocated to Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth , Virginia . Southern Division in Charleston , South Carolina was decommissioned on September 30, 2007 and the command was realigned in Jacksonville , Florida , to become NAVFAC Southeast. NAVFAC Midwest in North Chicago, Illinois

3477-412: Was a strictly informal tool that Thomas and Richardson used while working for the Navy. It was developed and adopted as an industry benchmark by AME. To calculate an FCI, a facility manager or third party assessment professional needs to quantify the cost of maintenance, repair and replacement deficiencies. This is typically the outcome of a facility condition assessment . The current replacement value

3538-473: Was disestablished on September 30, 2014 and its missions were absorbed by NAVFAC Mid-Atlantic, NAVFAC Southeast and NAVFAC Northwest. NAVFAC archives the administrative records pertaining to the environmental restoration of its naval facilities. As of 2022, these were grouped into 5 US regions, namely Northwest, Hawaii, Southwest, Midatlantic and Southeast. U.S. Armed Forces systems commands Rear admiral (United States) A rear admiral in four of

3599-443: Was established. The CNIC would provide uniform program, policy and funding management for all Navy shore installations. In 2004, NAVFAC embarked upon a realignment of its organizational structure and its business lines. It made a major move towards improving and standardizing its business processes to help NAVFAC better support the Navy and Marine Corps and other federal clients. The most significant aspect of NAVFAC's transformation

3660-419: Was the consolidation of NAVFAC field activities – including engineering field divisions, engineering field activities, officer in charge of construction organizations, public works centers and departments – into regional facilities engineering commands, or FECs. The FECs provide the Navy, Marine Corps, and other clients with a single center for all NAVFAC public works, engineering, and acquisition support to ensure

3721-418: Was used in limited circumstances. By the end of the war, all incumbents had been advanced to the rank of two-star rear admiral and the commodore rank was abolished in both services. Both the Navy and the Coast Guard divided their rear admirals into "lower half" and full rear admirals, or "upper half", the former being paid at the same rate as a one-star brigadier general in the U.S. Army , U.S. Marine Corps and

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