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67-529: The escarpment's dense stands of poplar trees and its location between Mount Royal and the Lachine Rapids make it notable for a number of species of resident and migratory birds and a large population of brown snakes . The land at the foot of the escarpment was previously known as a body of water named "Lac St-Pierre". The lake started losing its water with the opening of the Lachine Canal in

134-408: A Huguenot courtier and friend of the king named as the first lieutenant general of French Canada . Roberval was to lead the expedition, with Cartier as his chief navigator. While Roberval waited for artillery and supplies, he gave permission to Cartier to sail on ahead with his ships. On May 23, 1541, Cartier departed Saint-Malo on his third voyage with five ships. This time, any thought of finding

201-548: A sculpture garden and Smith House, an interpretive centre . At the foot of the hill, overlooking Park Avenue , the park features the George-Étienne Cartier Monument (home to the Tam-Tams ) and a gazebo (more properly, a bandstand ) which has been named in honour of Mordecai Richler . The lush forest has been badly damaged, both by Mayor Drapeau's so-called morality cuts of the 1950s and by

268-567: A snow tube and toboggan run on one of the former alpine ski slopes, as well as 7 groomed cross-country ski and snowshoe trails which total 18 km (11 mi), with equipment rental available onsite. One of the most popular activities to do on Beaver Lake is to skate; this activity is free if you have your own equipment. The former alpine ski slope featured a T-bar and a 100-foot (30.5 m) drop. Mechanical lift devices were first installed in Mount Royal Park in 1945. In

335-417: A French expression: " faux comme les diamants du Canada " ("As false as Canadian diamonds"). Two of the ships were sent on their journey home with some of these minerals on September 2. Having set tasks for everyone, Cartier left with the longboats for a reconnaissance in search of "Saguenay" on September 7. Having reached Hochelaga, he was prevented by bad weather and the numerous rapids from continuing up to

402-417: A concoction made from a tree known as annedda , probably Spruce beer , or arbor vitae , would cure scurvy. This remedy likely saved the expedition from destruction, allowing 85 Frenchmen to survive the winter. In his journal, Cartier states that by mid-February, "out of 110 that we were, not ten were well enough to help the others, a pitiful thing to see". The Frenchmen used up the bark of an entire tree in

469-512: A great flood that swept up to the town palisades. In 1876, land owner and farmer James Swail began planning residential subdivisions on the western slope of Mount Murray, in what is now the Cote-des-Neiges district. In 1906, a large housing development was started in the area, called Northmount Heights, with homes built along what is now Decelles Street by developer Northmount Land Company. Much of this area has since been expropriated by

536-529: A harbour close to Stadacona, and used his smallest ship to continue on to Hochelaga (now Montreal), arriving on October 2, 1535. Hochelaga was far more impressive than the small and squalid village of Stadacona, and a crowd of over a thousand came to the river's edge to greet the Frenchmen. The site of their arrival has been confidently identified as the beginning of the Sainte-Marie Sault – where

603-600: A passage to the Orient was forgotten. The goals were now to find the "Kingdom of Saguenay" and its riches, and to establish a permanent settlement along the St. Lawrence River. Anchoring at Stadacona, Cartier again met the Iroquoians , but found their "show of joy" and their numbers worrisome, and decided not to build his settlement there. Sailing a few kilometres upriver to a spot he had previously observed, he decided to settle on

670-544: A ship, and that he entered and departed some 50 undiscovered harbours without serious mishap, he may be considered one of the most conscientious explorers of the period. Cartier was also one of the first to formally acknowledge that the New World was a land mass separate from Europe/Asia. On August 18, 2006, Quebec Premier Jean Charest announced that Canadian archaeologists had discovered the precise location of Cartier's lost first colony of Charlesbourg-Royal . The colony

737-525: A skating rink. The park is also home to the CBC 's Mount Royal transmitter facility, which comprises two large buildings: one used primarily by the CBC for its 2 Montreal stations, CBMT-DT and CBFT-DT , and one used by the private television stations. There is also a short (about 100 m (328 ft)) candelabra tower, from which nearly all of Montreal's television and FM radio stations broadcast. Because of

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804-405: A week on the cure, and the dramatic results prompted Cartier to proclaim it a Godsend, and a miracle. Ready to return to France in early May 1536, Cartier decided to kidnap Chief Donnacona and take him to France, so that he might personally tell the tale of a country further north, called the " Kingdom of Saguenay ", said to be full of gold, rubies and other treasures. After an arduous trip down

871-470: Is a gabbro composed of pyroxene , olivine and variable amounts of plagioclase . During and after the main stage of intrusion, the gabbros and surrounding rocks were intruded by a series of volcanic dikes and sills . Subsequently, the surrounding softer sedimentary rock was eroded , leaving behind the resistant igneous rock that forms the mountain. The mineral montroyalite, discovered in Montreal,

938-484: Is at Rue Pullman, just northwest of the Turcot Interchange . 45°27′36″N 73°37′19″W  /  45.460°N 73.622°W  / 45.460; -73.622 Mount Royal Mount Royal (French: Mont Royal , IPA: [mɔ̃ ʁwajal] ) is a mountain in the city of Montreal , immediately west of Downtown Montreal , Quebec , Canada . The city's name is thought to be derived from

1005-431: Is named after the mountain that provided the definition sample. Circa 3000 BC, the mountain's imposing presence in the centre of the island, views of the river and majestic forests made it a choice location for indigenous peoples travelling through the region. The mountain was also a rich source of hornfels, sharp-edged rocks used instead of flint to make tools and weapons for hunting. Over time, indigenous populations used

1072-600: Is not strictly the European discoverer of Canada as this country is understood today, a vast federation stretching a mari usque ad mare (from sea to sea). Eastern parts had previously been visited by the Norse, as well as Basque, Galician and Breton fishermen, and perhaps the Corte-Real brothers and John Cabot (in addition of course to the natives who first inhabited the territory). Cartier's particular contribution to

1139-470: Is that the name Montréal was adopted because a Venetian map from 1556 used the Italian name of the mountain, "Monte Real." The name was first applied to the island and was unofficially applied to the city, formerly named Ville-Marie , by the 18th century. In 1643, Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve made a pilgrimage to the top of the mountain to fulfill a vow made in the winter season on occasion of

1206-649: Is the deep extension of a vastly eroded ancient volcanic complex , which was probably active about 125 million years ago. The mountain, along with the other mountains of the Monteregian Hills , was formed when the North American Plate moved westward over the New England hotspot . By a process known as intrusion , magma intruded into the sedimentary rocks underneath the area, producing at least eight igneous stocks. The main rock type

1273-401: Is the site of Mount Royal Park (French: Parc du Mont-Royal ), one of Montreal's largest greenspaces . The park was originally designed by Frederick Law Olmsted (who also co-designed New York City's Central Park ) and was inaugurated in 1876, although not completed to his design. Olmsted had planned to emphasize the mountainous topography through the use of vegetation. Shade trees at

1340-421: Is usually lit in white, but can now be changed to any colour, including the purple traditionally used upon the death of a pope. Beside the cross, a plaque marks the placement of a time capsule in 1992, during Montréal's 350th birthday celebration. It contains messages and drawings from 12,000 children, depicting their visions for the city in the year 2142, when the capsule is scheduled to be opened. The mountain

1407-435: The 1976 Summer Olympics , the park itself hosted the individual road race cycling event. The hilly roads of the park have subsequently been used for the 1974 UCI Road Cycling World Championships , and the annual Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal cycling race. Mount Royal is about 4 kilometers ( 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles) east to west and 2.5 kilometers ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles) north to south. The mountain emerges from

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1474-626: The Edict of Union , Cartier was introduced to King Francis I by Jean Le Veneur , bishop of Saint-Malo and abbot of Mont Saint-Michel , at the Manoir de Brion . The King had previously invited (although not formally commissioned) the Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano to explore the eastern coast of North America on behalf of France in 1524. Le Veneur cited voyages to Newfoundland and Brazil as proof of Cartier's ability to "lead ships to

1541-580: The Ice Storm of 1998 , but has since largely recovered. The forest is a green jewel rising above downtown Montreal and is known for its beautiful autumn foliage as well as its extensive hiking and cross-country ski trails. Biking is restricted to the main gravel roads. From 1885 to 1920, the Mount Royal Funicular Railway brought sightseers to its peak. After it ceased service, Montreal's No. 11 streetcar brought visitors to

1608-650: The Montreal General Hospital ; McGill's Molson Stadium , home to the CFL 's Montreal Alouettes ; the McTavish reservoir ; Université de Montréal ; the École Polytechnique de Montréal ; the Îlot-Trafalgar-Gleneagles historic block; and some well-off residential neighbourhoods such as Upper Westmount and Upper Outremont . Jacques Cartier Jacques Cartier ( Breton : Jakez Karter ; 31 December 1491 – 1 September 1557)

1675-601: The National Bank of Canada . In 2005, Cartier's Bref récit et succincte narration de la navigation faite en MDXXXV et MDXXXVI was named one of the 100 most important books in Canadian history by the Literary Review of Canada . Canadian rock band The Tragically Hip reference Jacques Cartier in their 1992 song " Looking for a Place to Happen ". The song deals with the subject of European encroachment in

1742-464: The Ottawa River . Returning to Charlesbourg-Royal, Cartier found the situation ominous. The Iroquoians no longer made friendly visits or peddled fish and game, but prowled about in a sinister manner. No records exist about the winter of 1541–1542 and the information must be gleaned from the few details provided by returning sailors. It seems the natives attacked and killed about 35 settlers before

1809-549: The Turcot Interchange , which include moving the Ville-Marie Expressway and Canadian National Railway line next to the foot of the escarpment. In 2020, the city of Montreal announced a proposal to turn much of the space into a park that would stretch nearly 2 kilometres (1.2 mi). In 2021, the 2.7 kilometres (1.7 mi) long park was opened to the public. The west entrance is at Sainte-Anne de Bellevue Boulevard and Brock Avenue South. The east entrance

1876-835: The Université de Montréal . In 1914–1918, the Mount Royal Tunnel was dug under the mountain by the Canadian Northern Railway , a predecessor of the Canadian National Railway . It is currently used by the Réseau express métropolitain . The area was briefly considered as a candidate for the site of Expo 67 before the exposition grounds were ultimately built on adjoining islands in the Saint Lawrence River . For

1943-527: The bridge named after him now stands. The expedition could proceed no further, as the river was blocked by rapids. So certain was Cartier that the river was the Northwest Passage , and that the rapids were all that was preventing him from sailing to China, that the rapids and the town that eventually grew near them came to be named after the French word for China, La Chine : the Lachine Rapids and

2010-433: The plains occupied by Montreal and neighboring regions . Two roads cross the territory: Mount Royal is home to many animal species including gray squirrel , raccoon , fox , marmot , striped skunk , bee and various species of birds. From the point of view of the flora , the mountain shelters a set of natural spaces and semi-natural rich in trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants The first Mount Royal Cross

2077-666: The 1940s, there were two and a half miles of ski slopes available. A ski shop was first installed in the park in 1938. Prior to that, in the 1920s, one of the best ski jumps in Canada was the one on Mount Royal, near Côte-des-Neiges . Founded in 1840, the now-defunct Montreal Snow Shoe Club , with members drawn from some of Montreal's prominent businessmen, would meet each week during the winter at nightfall on Sherbrooke Street near McGill College Avenue to snowshoe through Mount Royal Park, lit by torchlight. Club members began wearing blue tuques on their outings around 1870. Recently,

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2144-644: The Birds, now the Rochers-aux-Oiseaux federal bird sanctuary , northeast of Brion Island in the Magdalen Islands), his crew slaughtered around 1000 birds, most of them great auks (extinct since 1852). Cartier's first two encounters with aboriginal peoples in Canada on the north side of Chaleur Bay , most likely the Mi'kmaq , were brief; some trading occurred. His third encounter took place on

2211-589: The French fleet lay frozen solid at the mouth of the St. Charles River , under the Rock of Quebec. Ice was over a fathom (1.8 m) thick on the river, with snow four feet (1.2 m) deep ashore. To add to the misery, scurvy broke out – first among the Iroquoians, and then among the French. Cartier estimated the number of dead Iroquoians at 50. On a visit by Domagaya to the French fort, Cartier inquired and learned from him that

2278-484: The Frenchmen could retreat behind their fortifications. Even though scurvy was cured through the native remedy ( Thuja occidentalis infusion), the impression left is of a general misery, and of Cartier's growing conviction that he had insufficient manpower either to protect his base or to go in search of the Saguenay Kingdom. Cartier left for France in early June 1542, encountering Roberval and his ships along

2345-547: The Newfoundland coast, at about the time Roberval marooned Marguerite de La Rocque . Despite Roberval's insistence that he accompany him back to Saguenay, Cartier slipped off under the cover of darkness and continued on to France, still convinced his vessels contained a wealth of gold and diamonds. He arrived there in October, in what proved to be his last voyage. Meanwhile, Roberval took command at Charlesbourg-Royal, but it

2412-536: The St. Lawrence River—an indispensable preliminary to French settlement in their lands. Cartier was the first to document the name Canada to designate the territory on the shores of the St-Lawrence River. The name is derived from the Huron – Iroquois word kanata , or village, which was incorrectly interpreted as the native term for the newly discovered land. Cartier used the name to describe Stadacona,

2479-520: The St. Lawrence and a three-week Atlantic crossing, Cartier and his men arrived in Saint-Malo on July 15, 1536, concluding the second, 14-month voyage, which was to be Cartier's most profitable. On October 17, 1540, Francis ordered the navigator Jacques Cartier to return to Canada to lend weight to a colonization project of which he would be "captain general". However, January 15, 1541, saw Cartier supplanted by Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval ,

2546-447: The bottom of the carriage path would resemble a valley. As the visitor went higher, the vegetation would get more sparse to give the illusion of exaggerated height. However, Montreal suffered a depression in the mid-1870s and many of Olmsted's plans were abandoned. The carriage way was built, but it was done hastily and without regards to the original plan. None of the vegetation choices were followed. The park contains two belvederes ,

2613-585: The discovery of Canada is as the first European to penetrate the continent, and more precisely the interior eastern region along the St. Lawrence River. His explorations consolidated France's claim of the territory that would later be colonized as New France , and his third voyage produced the first documented European attempt at settling North America since that of Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón in 1526–27. Cartier's professional abilities can be easily ascertained. Considering that Cartier made three voyages of exploration in dangerous and hitherto unknown waters without losing

2680-474: The discovery of new lands in the New World". On April 20, 1534, Cartier set sail under a commission from the king, hoping to discover a western passage to the wealthy markets of the East Indies. In the words of the commission, he was to "discover certain islands and lands where it is said that a great quantity of gold and other precious things are to be found". It took him twenty days to sail across

2747-463: The entrance to the St. Lawrence on his first voyage, he now opened up the greatest waterway for the European penetration of North America. He produced an intelligent estimate of the resources of Canada, both natural and human, albeit with a considerable exaggeration of its mineral wealth. While some of his actions toward the St. Lawrence Iroquoians were dishonourable, he did try at times to establish friendship with them and other native peoples living along

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2814-447: The federal Department of Transport because of the proximity to the flight path to Trudeau Airport nearby. The engineering challenge was to combine all the desired antennas in the limited space between the mountain top and 1100 feet above sea level, which led to the "candelabra" design. Outside the park, Mount Royal's slopes are also home to such Montreal landmarks as Saint Joseph's Oratory , Canada's largest church; McGill University ;

2881-469: The first time, and reached the Iroquoian capital of Stadacona , where Chief Donnacona ruled. Cartier claimed a land near St. Lawrence River in 1534; but France paid little attention to the colony for 60 years. Not until King Henry IV sent Samuel de Champlain in 1608 to New France as its governor and built a permanent settlement and a fur-trading post called Quebec . Cartier left his main ships in

2948-585: The more prominent of which is the Kondiaronk Belvedere, a semicircular plaza with a Mount Royal Chalet overlooking Downtown Montreal . Built in 1906, it is named for the Petun chief Kondiaronk , whose influence led to the Great Peace of Montreal in 1701. Other features of the park are Beaver Lake (a small artificial lake), a snow tube and toboggan run, cross-country skiing trails,

3015-710: The mountain's name. The mountain is part of the Monteregian Hills situated between the Laurentians and the Appalachian Mountains . It gave its Latin name, Mons Regius , to the Monteregian chain. The mountain consists of three peaks: Colline de la Croix (or Mont Royal proper) at 233 m (764 ft), Colline d'Outremont (or Mount Murray , in the borough of Outremont ) at 211 m (692 ft), and Westmount Summit at 201 m (659 ft) elevation above mean sea level. Mount Royal

3082-467: The mountain's wood to build villages and its fertile land to grow their main agricultural crops—corn, squash and beans—known as the Three Sisters. The first European to scale the mountain was Jacques Cartier , guided there in 1535 by the people of the village of Hochelaga . He named it in honour of his patron, John Royal. He wrote in his journal : "And among these fields is situated and seated

3149-750: The ocean. Starting on May 10 of that year, he explored parts of Newfoundland , the Strait of Belle Isle and southern shore of the Labrador Peninsula , the Gaspé and North Shore coastlines on the Gulf of St. Lawrence , and some parts of the coasts of the Gulf's main islands, including Prince Edward Island , Anticosti Island and the Magdalen Islands . During one stop at Îles aux Oiseaux (Islands of

3216-474: The peak until 1959. A roadway named for longtime but controversial former mayor Camillien Houde now bisects the mountain, although Houde had been opposed to the idea of putting a road through the park. The park, cemeteries, and several adjacent parks and institutions have been combined into the Mount Royal Natural and Historical District ( Arrondissement historique et naturel du Mont-Royal ) by

3283-463: The port on the north-east coast of Brittany . Cartier, who was a respectable mariner , improved his social status in 1520 by marrying Mary Catherine des Granches, member of a leading aristocratic family. His good name in Saint-Malo is recognized by its frequent appearance in baptismal registers as godfather or witness. In 1534, two years after the Duchy of Brittany was formally united with France in

3350-525: The provincial government in order to legally protect the rich cultural and natural heritage of the region. In June 2017, during the 375th anniversary of Montreal, the city formally named the greenspace surrounding the Outremont peak Parc Tiohtià:ke Otsira'kéhne , Mohawk for "the place of the big fire," reflecting how the hill had been used for a fire beacon by First Nations people. It has an area of 35 hectares (86 acres). Mount Royal Park currently hosts

3417-431: The proximity of this tower to public areas of the park, in recent years significant concerns have been raised about radio-frequency radiation exposure; at several points formerly accessible to park users near the tower, radiation was found to be significantly higher than that permitted for the general public. The "shortness" indicated above was dictated by the maximum allowable height (1100 feet above sea level) dictated by

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3484-439: The safety of those present. Although initially controversial in light of the event's communal and countercultural vibe (as well as a permissive attitude towards then-illegal cannabis use), the police presence has not led to conflict. Facing the mountain across Park Avenue is Jeanne-Mance Park . A popular recreational area, Jeanne-Mance Park features a playground, a wading pool, tennis courts, various sports fields, and in winter,

3551-736: The said town of Hochelaga, near to and adjoining a mountain.... We named this mountain Mount Royal." One theory is that the name of the Island of Montréal derives from Mont Réal , as the mountain's name was spelled in Middle French ( Mont Royal in Modern French). However, Cartier's 1535 diary entry refers to "le mont Royal." Another argument, mentioned by the Government of Canada on its website concerning Canadian place names,

3618-513: The same time, encouraging others to dance. In addition, many children and adults participate nearby in a battle with foam-padded weapons. The Tam-tams began in the late 1970s with a workshop on African drumming at a jazz bar on Ontario Street. It is not organized by the municipal authorities. Despite initial resistance by participants, the city now intervenes in the event, restricting commercial activity to registered members in designated areas and assigning police and first aid technicians to ensure

3685-547: The shores of Gaspé Bay with a party of St. Lawrence Iroquoians , where on July 24 he planted a cross to claim the land for France. The 10-metre cross bearing the words "Long Live the King of France" claimed possession of the territory in the King's name. The change in mood was a clear indication that the Iroquoians understood Cartier's actions. Here he kidnapped the two sons of their chief, Donnacona . Cartier wrote that they later told him this region where they were captured (Gaspé)

3752-630: The site of present-day Cap-Rouge , Quebec. The convicts and other colonists were landed, the cattle that had survived three months aboard ship were turned loose, earth was broken for a kitchen garden, and seeds of cabbage, turnip, and lettuce were planted. A fortified settlement was thus created and was named Charlesbourg-Royal . Another fort was also built on the cliff overlooking the settlement, for added protection. The men also began collecting what they believed to be diamonds and gold, but which upon return to France were discovered to be merely quartz crystals and iron pyrites , respectively—which gave rise to

3819-508: The surrounding land and the river itself. And Cartier named Canadiens the inhabitants ( Iroquoians ) he had seen there. Thereafter the name Canada was used to designate the small French colony on these shores, and the French colonists were called Canadiens until the mid-nineteenth century, when the name started to be applied to the loyalist colonies on the Great Lakes and later to all of British North America . In this way Cartier

3886-598: The tip of the Great Northern Peninsula in Newfoundland and Labrador in the town of Quirpon , is said to have been named by Jacques Cartier himself on one of his voyages through the Strait of Belle Isle during the 1530s. The Banque Jacques-Cartier existed, and printed banknotes, between 1861 and 1899 in Lower Canada , then Quebec. It was folded into the Banque provinciale du Canada, and later still

3953-500: The town of Lachine, Quebec . After spending two days among the people of Hochelaga, Cartier returned to Stadacona on October 11. It is not known exactly when he decided to spend the winter of 1535–1536 in Stadacona, and it was by then too late to return to France. Cartier and his men prepared for the winter by strengthening their fort, stacking firewood, and salting down game and fish . From mid-November 1535 to mid-April 1536,

4020-663: The tradition has been revived as the Tuques Bleues celebration by the Les amis de la montagne , a charitable organization that works to protect and preserve the park. In the summer, Mount Royal hosts a popular activity known as Tam-Tams, or the "Tam-Tam Jam", whereby a number of Montrealers and visitors play hand drums (such as djembes ) on the east slope of the mountain, near the George-Étienne Cartier Monument . The Sunday afternoon gatherings attract people of various backgrounds. Often, dozens of tam-tam players perform their art at

4087-532: The year 1825. The escarpment had served as a dumping ground before it was purchased by the City of Montreal for use as parkland, but until 2021 it was not open to the public. Plans to allow public access were frequently delayed because parts of the slope are unstable and dangerous, and the city's desire to preserve the escarpment as a natural space conflicted with the Province of Quebec 's plans for redevelopment of

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4154-535: Was a French- Breton maritime explorer for France . Jacques Cartier was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River , which he named "The Country of Canadas" after the Iroquoian names for the two big settlements he saw at Stadacona (Quebec City) and at Hochelaga (Montreal Island) . Jacques Cartier was born in 1491 in Saint-Malo ,

4221-787: Was abandoned in 1543 after disease, foul weather and hostile natives drove the would-be settlers to despair. Cartier spent the rest of his life in Saint-Malo and his nearby estate, where he often was useful as an interpreter in Portuguese. He died at age 65 on September 1, 1557, during an epidemic, possibly of typhus , though many sources list his cause of death as unknown. Cartier is interred in Saint-Malo Cathedral . No permanent European settlements were made in Canada before 1605, when Pierre Dugua , with Samuel Champlain , founded Port Royal in Acadia . Having already located

4288-505: Was built at the confluence of the Rivière du Cap Rouge with the St. Lawrence River and is based on the discovery of burnt wooden timber remains that have been dated to the mid-16th century, and a fragment of a decorative Istoriato plate manufactured in Faenza , Italy, between 1540 and 1550, that could only have belonged to a member of the French aristocracy in the colony. Most probably this

4355-490: Was called by them Honguedo . The natives' chief at last agreed that they could be taken, under the condition that they return with European goods to trade. Cartier returned to France in September 1534, sure that he had reached an Asian land. Jacques Cartier set sail for a second voyage on May 19 of the following year with three ships, 110 men, and his two Iroquoian captives. Reaching the St. Lawrence, he sailed upriver for

4422-579: Was placed there in 1643 by Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve , the founder of the city, in fulfillment of a vow he made to the Virgin Mary when praying to her to stop a disastrous flood. Today, the mountain is crowned by a 31.4-metre-high (103 ft) illuminated cross, installed in 1924 by the Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste and now owned by the city. It was converted to fibre-optic light in 1992, and then to LEDs in 2009. The cross

4489-405: Was the Sieur de Roberval , who replaced Cartier as the leader of the settlement. This colony was the first known European settlement in modern-day Canada since the c. 1000 L'Anse aux Meadows Viking village in northern Newfoundland . Its rediscovery has been hailed by archaeologists as the most important find in Canada since the L'Anse aux Meadows rediscovery. Jacques Cartier Island, located on

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