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20-400: First Dynasty may refer to: The First Dynasty of Egypt (c. 3500–2900 BC) The First Dynasty of Kish (c. 3000–2600 BC) The First Dynasty of Uruk (c. 2700–2500 BC) The First Dynasty of Ur (c. 2600–2500 BC) The First Dynasty of Lagash (c. 2500–2300 BC) The First Babylonian dynasty (c. 1830 BC–c. 1531 BC) Topics referred to by

40-595: A broader window of 3104 to 2913. Information about this dynasty is derived from a few monuments and other objects bearing royal names, the most important being the Narmer Palette and Narmer Macehead , as well as Den and Qa'a king lists. No detailed records of the first two dynasties have survived, except for the terse lists on the Palermo Stone . The account in Manetho 's Aegyptiaca contradicts both

60-559: A free tenon eventually became one of the most important features in Mediterranean and Egyptian shipbuilding. It creates a union between two planks or other components by inserting a separate tenon into a cavity (mortise) of the corresponding size cut into each component." A study on First Dynasty crania from the royal tombs in Abydos generally demonstrated greater affinity with Kerma Kushites , and Upper Nile Valley groups. Moreover,

80-722: A mortise in". The word tenon , a noun in English since the late 14th century, developed its sense of "a projection inserted to make a joint" from the Old French 'tenir' "to hold". The mortise and tenon joint is an ancient joint. One of the earliest mortise-tenon structure examples dates back 7,000 years to the Hemudu culture in China's Zhejiang Province. Tusked joints were found in a well near Leipzig , created by early Neolithic Linear Pottery culture , and used in construction of

100-406: Is a locked (pegged) mortise and tenon technique that consists of cutting two mortises into the edges of two planks; a separate rectangular tenon is then inserted in the two mortises. The assembly is then locked in place by driving a dowel through one or more holes drilled through mortise side wall and tenon. Generally, the size of the mortise and tenon is related to the thickness of the timbers. It

120-470: Is clearly demonstrated as existing during this dynasty by retainers being buried near each pharaoh's tomb as well as animals sacrificed for the burial. The tomb of Djer is associated with the burials of 338 individuals. The people and animals sacrificed, such as donkeys , were expected to assist the pharaoh in the afterlife . For unknown reasons, this practice ended with the conclusion of the dynasty. According to historian and linguist Christopher Ehret ,

140-567: Is cut to fit the mortise hole exactly. It usually has shoulders that seat when the joint fully enters the mortise hole. The joint may be glued, pinned, or wedged to lock it in place. This joint is also used with other materials. For example, it is traditionally used by both stonemasons and blacksmiths . The noun mortise , "a hole or groove in which something is fitted to form a joint", comes from c.  1400 from Old French 'mortaise' (13th century), possibly from Arabic 'murtazz' , "fastened", past participle of 'razza' , "cut

160-462: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages First Dynasty of Egypt The date of this period is subject to scholarly debate about the Egyptian chronology . It falls within the early Bronze Age and is variously estimated to have begun anywhere between the 34th and the 30th centuries   BC. In a 2013 study based on radiocarbon dates ,

180-411: Is good practice to proportion the tenon as one third the thickness of the rail, or as close to this as is practical. The haunch, the cut-away part of a sash corner joint that prevents the tenon coming loose, is one third the length of the tenon and one-sixth of the width of the tenon in its depth. The remaining two-thirds of the rail, the tenon shoulders, help to counteract lateral forces that might tweak

200-604: Is of the same scale as the tombs of the (other) kings of that period. Mortise and tenon A mortise and tenon (occasionally mortice and tenon ) joint connects two pieces of wood or other material. Woodworkers around the world have used it for thousands of years to join pieces of wood, mainly when the adjoining pieces connect at right angles. Mortise and tenon joints are strong and stable joints that can be used in many projects. They connect by either gluing or friction-fitting into place. The mortise and tenon joint also gives an attractive look. One drawback to this joint

220-437: Is the difficulty in making it because of the precise measuring and tight cutting required. In its most basic form, a mortise and tenon joint is both simple and strong. There are many variations of this type of joint, and the basic mortise and tenon has two components: The tenon, formed on the end of a member generally referred to as a rail, fits into a square or rectangular hole cut into the other, corresponding member. The tenon

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240-595: The Middle East, Europe and Asia. Many instances are found, for example, in ruins of houses in the Silk Road kingdom of Cadota , dating from the first to the 4th century BC. In traditional Chinese architecture , wood components such as beams, brackets, roof frames, and struts were made to interlock with perfect fit, without using fasteners or glues, enabling the wood to expand and contract according to humidity. Archaeological evidence from Chinese sites shows that, by

260-468: The accession of Hor-Aha , the second king of the First Dynasty, was placed between 3111 and 3045 BC with 68% confidence, and between 3218 and 3035 with 95% confidence. The same study placed the accession of Den , the sixth king of the dynasty, between 2928 and 2911 BC with 68% confidence, although a 2023 radiocarbon analysis placed Den's accession potentially earlier, between 3011 and 2921, within

280-412: The analysis too found clear change from earlier craniometric trends, as "lower Egyptian, Maghrebian, and European patterns are observed also, thus making for great diversity". The gene flow and movement of northern officials to the important southern city may explain the findings. Human sacrifice was practiced as part of the funerary rituals associated with all of the pharaohs of the first dynasty. It

300-604: The archeological evidence and the other historical records: Manetho names nine rulers of the First Dynasty, only one of whose names matches the other sources, and offers information for only four of them. Egyptian hieroglyphs were fully developed by then, and their shapes would be used with little change for more than three thousand years. Alena Buis noted: "Large tombs of pharaohs at Abydos and Naqada , in addition to cemeteries at Saqqara and Helwan near Memphis , reveal structures built largely of wood and mud bricks, with some small use of stone for walls and floors. Stone

320-644: The end of the Neolithic, mortise and tenon joinery was employed in Chinese construction. The thirty sarsen stones of Stonehenge were dressed and fashioned with mortise and tenon joints before they were erected between 2600 and 2400 BC. A variation of the mortise and tenon technique, called Phoenician joints (from the Latin coagmenta punicana ) was extensively used in ancient shipbuilding to assemble hull planks and other watercraft components together. It

340-601: The ritual practice of retainer sacrifice originated from the southern region in the Middle Nile. Ehret also stated that this cultural practice was shared with the Kerma kingdom of the Upper Nubian Nile region. Known rulers in the history of Egypt for the First Dynasty are as follows: (or ruled as regent to her son Den or ruled as both king/queen and regent). Merneith was buried close to Djet and Den. Her tomb

360-423: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title First Dynasty . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_Dynasty&oldid=1088121523 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

380-595: The wooden lining of the wells. Mortise and tenon joints have also been found joining the wooden planks of the " Khufu ship ", a 43.6 m (143 ft) long vessel sealed into a pit in the Giza pyramid complex of the Fourth Dynasty around 2500 BC. They were also found in the Uluburun shipwreck (14th century BC). Mortise and tenon joints have also been found in ancient furniture from archaeological sites in

400-491: Was used in quantity for the manufacture of ornaments, vessels, and occasionally, for statues. Tamarix ("tamarisk" or "salt cedar") was used to build boats such as the Abydos boats . One of the most important indigenous woodworking techniques was the fixed mortise and tenon joint. A fixed tenon was made by shaping the end of one timber to fit into a mortise (hole) that is cut into a second timber. A variation of this joint using

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