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51-549: Flagler Beach is a city in Flagler County in the U.S. state of Florida . The population was 5,160 at the 2020 census. Flagler Beach is part of the Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach, FL metropolitan statistical area . It is named for oil tycoon and Florida railroad developer Henry Flagler , who was a key figure in the development of East Florida as resort and vacation destinations. Flagler Beach

102-616: A 1950s fish shack that attracts surfers with funky dishes like tuna reubens, ahi club sandwiches, and sake Bloody Marys. Flagler Beach was ranked by Where to Retire magazine as one of the top retirement destinations in Florida. It was featured in the November–December 2012 issue. The Flagler Beach Historical Museum 's permanent collection is entirely dedicated to Florida history, featuring Flagler Beach and Flagler County. The collection ranges from prehistoric bones and other remains of

153-540: A beach town, between the Atlantic Ocean and the Intracoastal Waterway , has remained significantly less developed than its neighbors. The six miles of pristine sand—which boast an orange hue thanks to crushed coquina shells—are only interrupted by one fishing pier. In town, the vibe is laid back and retro, thanks to spots like Grampa's Uke Joint, which sells ukuleles, and High Tides at Snack Jack,

204-800: A branch campus in Palm Coast. Roman Catholic Diocese of Orlando operates area Catholic schools. Father Lopez Catholic High School , a private high school, is in nearby Daytona Beach . Flagler County Library System consists of two branches with over 57,000 borrowers. The Main Branch is located at 2500 Palm Coast Pkwy NW, Palm Coast and the Bunnell Branch is located at 103 E Moody Blvd, Bunnell. The Flagler County Library system currently employees eighteen staff, with fourteen full-time employees and four part-time employees with an annual operating budget of $ 1 million. The Flagler County Public Library

255-642: A building stone in Florida for over 400 years, coquina forms the walls of the Castillo in St. Augustine. The stone made a very good material for building forts, particularly those built during the period of heavy cannon use. Because of coquina's softness, cannonballs would sink into, rather than shatter or puncture the walls. The first Saint Augustine lighthouse , built by the Spanish, was also made of coquina. Coquina

306-410: A day, 7 days a week, to provide an immediate response 365 days a year. Flagler County, Florida Flagler County is a county located in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Florida . As of the 2020 census , the population was 115,378. Its county seat is Bunnell , and the largest city is Palm Coast . Created in 1917 from portions of Saint Johns and Volusia Counties, it

357-479: A female householder with no husband present, and 41.1% were non-families. 33.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.95 and the average family size was 2.43. In 2000, in the city, the population was spread out, with 11.5% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 20.0% from 25 to 44, 32.5% from 45 to 64, and 31.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

408-469: A few meters thick, found 15 to 20 metres (49 to 66 ft) above present mean sea level. The ancient Maya built their city of Toniná in the highlands of what is now Chiapas in southern Mexico using native rocks to construct its masonry buildings, among them large coquina flagstones from which they made blocks and bricks for floors, walls, and stairways. Coquina has a very limited distribution in southeastern North Carolina . The best known outcrop

459-490: A mandatory evacuation was ordered for the entire county. This was the first and so far the only time a whole county was evacuated in Florida for a wildfire. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 571 square miles (1,480 km ), of which 485 square miles (1,260 km ) is land and 85 square miles (220 km ) (15.0%) is water. As of the 2020 United States census , there were 115,378 people, 44,040 households, and 31,591 families residing in

510-666: A paper by Senira Kattah published in The Sedimentary Record , the discovery of the Lula Field by Petrobras and partners in 2006 opened petroleum exploration in the Barremian/ Aptian pre-salt play in the offshore Santos and Campos basins, and consequently deeper coquina reservoirs have become important targets. He says the two main reservoir targets recognized for the pre-salt within the study areas are: "late rift coquinas, lacustrine facies deposited at

561-502: A sediment to be considered to be a coquina, the particles composing it should average 2 mm (0.079 in) or greater in size. Coquina can vary in hardness from poorly to moderately cemented . Incompletely consolidated and poorly cemented coquinas are considered grainstones in the Dunham classification system for carbonate sedimentary rocks. A well-cemented coquina is classified as a biosparite (fossiliferous limestone) according to

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612-521: Is an approximately 110 kilometres (68 mi) long stretch of coastline composed of billions of tiny shells of the Shark Bay cockle ( Fragum erugatum ), averaging less than 14 millimetres (0.55 in) in length. The shell deposit, between 8 and 9 metres (26 and 30 ft) thick, has compacted and cemented in some areas into solid masses of limestone that formerly was quarried and cut into blocks used in local construction. St Andrew's Anglican Church,

663-494: Is composed mainly of the mineral calcite , often including some phosphate , in the form of seashells or coral . Coquinas dating from the Devonian period through to the much more recent Pleistocene epoch are a common find all over the world, with the depositional requirements to form a coquina being a common thing in many marine facies . Adjacent to Shark Bay Road beginning 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Denham

714-479: Is located at 29°28′27″N 81°07′37″W  /  29.474079°N 81.126987°W  / 29.474079; -81.126987 . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 4.1 square miles (10.6 km). 3.7 square miles (9.5 km) of it is land and 0.39 square miles (1.0 km) of it (9.80%) is water. The Ocean Palm Villas South subdivision east of

765-677: Is located in New Hanover County , near Fort Fisher , along the southern tip of North Carolina's coast. It is one of the few naturally occurring outcrops in the coastal plain region of North Carolina, described as “a low-relief plain underlain by beds of shallow-marine, estuarine, shoreline, and fluvial sediments" in The Geology of the Carolinas . These sediments were deposited during numerous episodes of sea level rise and fall over hundreds of thousands of years. The coastlines of

816-738: The Atlantic Coastal Ridge , a Pleistocene barrier island chain that extends from Duval County to Dade County . Other coquina deposits are found in the state, but only in limited areas. The Anastasia Formation is naturally exposed in a number of places along the east coast including Washington Oaks Gardens State Park , Gilbert's Bar House of Refuge , Hutchinson Island in Martin County and Blowing Rocks Preserve , owned by The Nature Conservancy , in Martin County. Still occasionally quarried or mined , and used as

867-654: The Baja California peninsula, including submerged "reefs". So-called coquina "reefs" occur at Punta Borrascosa, San Felipe and Coloraditos on the northeast coast of Baja California. These have been uranium-thorium dated to the Pleistocene epoch, with an age estimated at 130,000 ybp . Semi-continuous coquina outcrops have been found 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) east of Puerto Peñasco , in the shallow subtidal zone or partly submerged under intertidal sands. Other Pleistocene outcrops occur along both coastlines of

918-613: The Folk classification of sedimentary rocks . Coquinas accumulate in high-energy marine and lacustrine environments where currents and waves result in the vigorous winnowing, abrasion, fracturing, and sorting of the shells that compose them. As a result, they typically exhibit well-developed bedding or cross-bedding , close packing, and good orientation of the shell fragments. The high-energy marine or lacustrine environments associated with coquinas include beaches, shallow submarine raised banks, swift tidal channels, and barrier bars. Coquina

969-480: The Intracoastal Waterway is the only portion of Flagler Beach in Volusia County. Florida State Road A1A travels through Flagler Beach along an approximate north–south axis. The road suffered significant damage during Hurricane Matthew , due to coastal erosion facilitated by a storm surge . As of the 2020 United States census , there were 5,160 people, 2,461 households, and 1,490 families residing in

1020-606: The Sergipe-Alagoas Basin has been analyzed and the sediments dated to the late Barremian age ; the results suggest a marine and/or brackish environment. Daniel Thompson (2013) asserts that the coquinas of the Morro do Chaves Formation include a wide range of marine mollusca characteristic of brackish environmental conditions, suggesting periodic marine ingression during the Early Cretaceous . According to

1071-539: The Tidewater region of North Carolina change constantly in response to wind and wave action, sedimentary deposition, tidal movements, and changes in sea level. Although the inner coastal plain is considered to be more stable, the coastal plain was inundated by repeated marine transgressions due to fluctuating sea levels during the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene. Historical records and extant buildings, foundations, basements, and retaining walls indicate that coquina

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1122-511: The poverty line , including 18.4% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over. Flagler Beach was a finalist in the 2013 Budget Travel Magazine contest for "Coolest Small Town". The magazine described it by the following: Twenty miles north of Daytona Beach on A1A, Flagler Beach couldn't be more different from its party-hardy neighbor to the south. In fact, the area seems to attract more sea turtles and right whales than spring breakers. And it's not hard to see why: This thin strip of

1173-832: The 2024 general election, having both opted not to seek another term. Pennington and Hansen are in office until 2026, having each been elected in 2022. Dance's term expires in 2028, having been re-elected in the 2024 primary election. The county is also served by the Flagler School Board, who are elected in non-partisan races to four-year terms in office. The seat has only had four of five seats occupied since member Sally Hunt resigned in September 2024. The members are as follows: Furry and Chong are in office until 2026, having both been elected in 2022. Conklin and Massaro are leaving office in 2024, having both opted not to seek additional terms. The county elected Janie Ruddy to

1224-761: The Barremian and Aptian sag phase of the continental crust subsidence. Coquina deposits in Florida occur mostly along the eastern coast of the peninsula. This coquina is named the Anastasia Formation after Anastasia Island , where the Spanish quarried the rock to construct the Castillo de San Marcos , the fortress they built to defend St. Augustine . The Anastasia Formation stretches from just north of St. Augustine in St. Johns County to southern Palm Beach County . The formation and associated sand form part of

1275-591: The Cape Fear". Sprunt compared Sedgeley Abbey in dimensions and appearance to the two-story, cellared, Governor Dudley mansion that still stands in Wilmington . Like many southern plantations, Sedgeley Abbey was abandoned after the Civil War . The vacant house was demolished in the 1870s and the coquina rubble was burned and spread on the fields as fertilizer. A cellar eight feet deep carved into solid coquina

1326-522: The District 3 seat and Lauren Ramirez to the District 5 seat, respectively. The District 1 seat will remain vacant until an appointment is made by the Governor of Florida. The county is also served by five elected constitutional officers: Sheriff Rick Staly, Property Appraiser Jay Gardner, Clerk of Courts Tom Bexley, Tax Collector Suzanne Johnston, and Elections Supervisor Kaiti Lenhart. According to

1377-594: The Flagler Beach Fire Department, Boy Scouts of Flagler, and Flagler Beach schools. The Flagler Beach Fire Department was established in 1926 by the Town of Flagler Beach's Commission. Currently, Flagler Beach has a population of roughly 5,500 year-round residents, and its fire department responds to approximately 1,500 calls a year. The City of Flagler Beach is served by a full-time professional staff of 16 fire department employees on duty 24 hours

1428-755: The Late Barremian to Early Aptian, and the younger rift/sag microbial limestones deposited during the Aptian, just before the establishment of the major evaporitic sag basin between South America and Africa." There are abundant beds of coquina in the Outer High of the Santos Basin , similar to those from the neighboring Campos. Pre-salt stratigraphy of the Santos Basin shows lacustrine sediments composed of coarse pelecypod (bivalve) coquina during

1479-668: The Main Branch also offers scanning services. In 2001, the Flagler County Library System began a local oral history project called the "Flagler County Memories Project". This project is currently being recorded and then preserved on compact discs. The project mission states, "This collection of oral life histories seeks to sample the common themes and unique stories of selected local residents." 29°28′N 81°18′W  /  29.47°N 81.30°W  / 29.47; -81.30 Coquina For

1530-891: The Old Pearler Restaurant, and parts of the Shark Bay Hotel in Shark Bay were built from coquina shell blocks. The church, built in 1954, has walls infilled with coquina shell blocks between a light steel frame and a shell facing, while the Old Pearler was built in 1974–1977 with buttressed coquina shell block walls. Recently discovered petroleum-bearing formations off the coast of northeastern Brazil hold coquina reservoirs of oil. The coquinas are generally heterogeneous in their porosity and permeability, but like other lacustrine carbonates, they are uncommonly reservoirs. Corbett et al. (2015) in their discussion of

1581-614: The Secretary of State's office, Republicans are a plurality of registered voters in Flagler County. Flagler County Public Schools enroll approximately 13,000 students. The system includes two public high schools, Flagler Palm Coast and Matanzas High School. The county also has five elementary schools and two middle schools. All elementary schools will be Pre-K to 5th grade and middle schools 6th and 8th. Flagler County schools are: In addition, Daytona State College maintains

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1632-766: The Stone Age to a "Space Age" side. The latter has an exhibit with items provided by NASA astronauts, including space food and the Flagler Beach city flag, which was sent to orbit the Earth aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour . Orange Period pottery pieces from indigenous peoples of the region date from 2000 BCE to 500 CE Historic Native American Indian life is represented by an exhibit of arrowheads and other artifacts, all discovered in Flagler County. The Florida territory had changing European rulers in

1683-399: The city was 97.86% White , 0.52% Black , 0.22% American Indian , 0.57% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 0.14% from other races , and 0.67% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.84% of the population. In 2000, there were 2,535 households, out of which 12.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.6% were married couples living together, 6.5% had

1734-436: The city. As of the 2010 United States census , there were 4,484 people, 2,363 households, and 1,410 families residing in the city. As of the census of 2000, there were 4,954 people, 2,535 households, and 1,493 families residing in the city. The population density was 519.8 people/km (1,346 people/sq mi). There were 3,224 housing units at an average density of 338.3 units/km (876 units/sq mi). The racial makeup of

1785-407: The county. As of the census of 2010, there were 95,696 people, 39,186 households, and 27,843 families residing in the county. The population density was 197.1 people per square mile. There were 48,595 housing units. The racial makeup of the county was 82.3% White , 11.4% Black or African American . 8.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. In the county, the population

1836-481: The largest ancestry group in the county was English-American at 18.1% of the county, followed by German-American at 12.7% and Irish-American also at 12.7%. Flagler County's foremost elected body is the Board of County Commissioners, a five-seat board elected in partisan races with four-year terms. The County Commission has the following members: Commissioners O'Brien and Sullivan are set to leave office following

1887-498: The porous coquina was protected by lime plaster. With the exception of a few residences that have been restored in St. Augustine, the coquina masonry of these structures is today exposed to the elements and is slowly deteriorating. Overlying the fossiliferous sands and sandy clays of the upper San Fernando River in northeastern Mexico is a bed of coquina limestone dating probably to the Cenozoic era. Coquina deposits also occur in

1938-694: The reservoirs say the finding of the Badejo Field ( Campos Basin ) in 1975 was the first hydrocarbon discovery in the coquinas of the Lagoa Feia, followed by that of the Pampo and Linguado Fields in 1978. The coquinas of the Morro do Chaves Formation were formed by non-marine bivalves and ostracods . The shells of the bivalves, which lived in shallow oxygenated water, were transported and deposited as washout over stream fans and beaches by storms and long-shore drift . The palynological record of coquinas of

1989-610: The south in New Smyrna , a large storehouse and wharf were constructed of coquina at the 1770s Andrew Turnbull colony. Around 1816, John Addison constructed a kitchen house of coquina on his plantation on the Tomoka River . The material was also used in the construction of sugar mill buildings on sugar plantations in the 1820s and 1830s. Examples are the Bulow , Dunlawton and New Smyrna sugar mills. In these early structures,

2040-478: The stone is also at first much too soft to be used for building. In order to be used as a building material, the stone is left out to dry for approximately one to three years, which causes the stone to harden into a usable, but still comparatively soft, form. Coquina has also been used as a source of paving material. It is usually poorly cemented and easily breaks into component shell or coral fragments, which can be substituted for gravel or crushed harder rocks . In

2091-600: The upper Gulf of California . On the Vizcaino Peninsula of western Baja California, the informally named " Tivela stultorum " coquina is abundant in shells of the Pismo clam. Until analysis of the shells by U-series and amino-acids methods is concluded, this marine transgression is assigned an approximate age of 200,000 ybp. Outcrops in Bahía de San Hipolito and Bahía de Asunción are loosely consolidated, sandy beachrock

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2142-712: The war years between the 1500s and the early 1800s: Spanish, English and American. Mill and plantation artifacts make up the display about the Plantation Period. Personal use items, such as buttons and bottles obtained from area missions, represent the history of individuals in the area. From the Mala Compra Plantation, burned down during the Second Seminole War, the Museum has items from the early 19th-century home of Joseph Hernandez, who

2193-416: Was 53 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males. In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $ 37,917, and the median income for a family was $ 47,073. Males had a median income of $ 31,848 versus $ 30,132 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 24,600. About 9.0% of families and 10.9% of the population were below

2244-534: Was being mined in North Carolina by at least 1760, evidenced by the extant architectural ruins at the colonial-era Clear Springs Plantation near New Bern . Sedgeley Abbey , an 18th-century plantation house on the lower Cape Fear River was built of locally quarried coquina. The house that once stood on a vast tract of land directly across the river from Orton was described by local historian and author James Sprunt as "the grandest colonial residence of

2295-591: Was continued oceanside. Displays feature four Flagler Beach "first families" who purchased land and built what was once considered a seaside resort. Other display items from the early 1900s include memorabilia from early city government, the county's Old Brick Road, the Flagler Beach Hotel, World War II items, the A1A highway, Marineland, and early advertising brochures. Representations of local organizations from 1925 forward are represented in displays featuring

2346-831: Was created by the County Commission in 1987, but as early as 1937, a room of the County Courthouse in Bunnell was set aside for a small library, which was sponsored by the Colony Club. The current library director is Holly Albanese. The Flagler County Library System offers a wide variety of services beyond traditional library services. They have an e-book collection through Overdrive and Axis360. The library system will assist patrons in filing taxes, and applying for some government programs, as well as with passport applications. Both libraries offer fax services, and

2397-426: Was elected as the first Hispanic congressman in the U.S. The period of the late 1800s and early 1900s are represented by books and exhibits about the area's economy: county farming of cabbage and potatoes, timber industry, railroad artifacts, and turpentine camp items. Exhibits also include documents and memorabilia associated with the 20th-century development boom that began in the western portion of Flagler County and

2448-524: Was located during archaeological investigations on the site of the former plantation in 1978. In the past coquina was used for the construction of buildings in Denham, Western Australia , but quarrying is no longer permitted in the World Heritage Site . When first quarried, coquina is extremely soft. This softness makes it very easy to remove from the quarry and cut into shape. However,

2499-637: Was named for Henry Flagler , who built the Florida East Coast Railway . Flagler County is included in the Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach, FL metropolitan statistical area , and is also included in the Orlando–Deltona–Daytona Beach, FL Combined Statistical Area . In 1974, Marco Polo Park , a theme park off Interstate 95 opened. It was never profitable and closed soon after. In 1998, when two brush fires threatened to become one huge brush fire in Flagler County,

2550-470: Was spread out, with 19.9% under the age of 18, and 24.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median income for a household in the county was $ 51,049, and the median income for a family was $ 58,327. Flagler county was ranked the fastest-growing county in the nation by the US Census Bureau from 2000 to 2005, boasting a 53.3% change, with a July 1, 2005, population estimate at 76,410. As of 2016

2601-515: Was used as building stone in St. Augustine as early as 1598 for construction of a powder house. This was the beginning of a building tradition that extended into the 1930s along Florida's Atlantic Coast. In the St. Augustine vicinity, the Castillo de San Marcos, Fort Matanzas , the old city gates, the Cathedral , Spanish and British Period residential structures, property line walls and tombs were constructed of coquina quarried on Anastasia Island. To

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