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95-699: Today the same route, still called by the same name for much of its distance, is paralleled or overlaid by Strada Statale (SS) 3, also called Strada Regionale (SR) 3 in Lazio and Umbria , and Strada Provinciale (SP) 3 in Marche . It leaves Rome, goes up the Val Tevere ("Valley of the Tiber ") and into the mountains at Castello delle Formiche, ascends to Gualdo Tadino , continuing over the divide at Scheggia Pass , 575 m (1,886 ft) to Cagli . From there it descends

190-837: A continuation of the Apennines of Abruzzo: the Reatini Mountains with Terminillo (2,213 m), Mounts Sabini, Prenestini , Simbruini and Ernici which continue east of the Liri into the Mainarde Mountains . The highest peak is Mount Gorzano (2,458 m) on the border with Abruzzo. The region's climate , monitored by several dozen meteorological stations (many of which managed by the Lazio Regional Hydrographic and Mareographic Office), shows considerable variability from area to area. In general, along

285-529: A land area of 17,242 km (6,657 sq mi) and it has borders with Tuscany , Umbria , and Marche to the north, Abruzzo and Molise to the east, Campania to the south, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west. The region is mainly hilly (56%) and mountainous (26%), with some plains (20%) along the coast and the Tiber valley. The coast of Lazio is mainly composed of sandy beaches, punctuated by

380-745: A league of Romagna cities against the Emperor, and the Pope was able to subdue it. After the war of 1218 the Traversari family was able to impose its rule in the city, which lasted until 1240. After a short period under an Imperial vicar, Ravenna was returned to the Papal States in 1248 and again to the Traversari until, in 1275, the Da Polenta established their long-lasting seigniory. One of

475-705: A limited part of the current region, between the lower course of the Tiber , the Tyrrhenian Sea , the Monti Sabini and the Pontine Marshes . At the end of the World War II and the fall of the Fascist regime , from the end of the 1950s Lazio and Italy saw rapid economic growth , in particular in Rome it is remembered as the period of the " Dolce Vita " in which Rome was the fulcrum of worldly life, of

570-422: A population of 5,714,882 million (as of 31 December 2021), Lazio is the second-most populated region of Italy. The overall population density in the region is 341 inhabitants per km . However, the population density widely ranges from almost 800 inhabitants per km in the highly urbanized Rome metropolitan area to less than 60 inhabitants per km in the mountainous and rural province of Rieti . As of January 2023,

665-487: A shorter, more direct route under the ridges and nearly inaccessible passes. It was constructed by Gaius Flaminius during his censorship , around 220 BC. Sources mention frequent improvements being made to it during the imperial period. Augustus instituted a general restoration of the roads of Italy , assigning supervision of different regions to various senators . He reserved the Flaminia for himself, and rebuilt all

760-563: A vast alluvial plain surrounding the city of Rome, with an area of approximately 2,100 km (811 sq mi). The southern districts are characterized by the flatlands of Agro Pontino , a once swampy and malarial area, that was reclaimed over the centuries. The Preapennines of Latium, marked by the Tiber Valley and the Liri with the Sacco tributary, include on the right of

855-601: A villa that belonged to Livia , the wife of Augustus . From there it made its way to Ocriculum ( Otricoli ) and Narnia ( Narni ), where it crossed the Nera River by the Ponte d'Augusto , the largest Roman bridge ever built, a splendid four-arched structure to which Martial alludes, one arch of which is still standing. It went on, followed at first by the modern road to Casuentum ( San Gemini ) which passes over two finely preserved ancient bridges, through Carsulae to

950-430: Is pasta . Dishes first attested inside the region's borders include: Guanciale is used in several sauces. Guanciale is the cut of pork obtained from the cheek of the pig, crossed by lean veins of muscle with a component of valuable fat, of a composition different from lardo ("back fat") and pancetta ("belly fat"): the consistency is harder than pancetta and it possesses a more distinctive flavor. Guanciale

1045-516: Is a considerable proportion, but is justified by the presence of Rome, which is the core of public administration, media, utility, telecommunication, transport, tourism and other sectors. Many national and multinational corporations, public and private, have their headquarters in Rome ( ENI , Italiana Petroli , Enel , Acea , Terna , TIM , Poste italiane , Leonardo , ITA Airways , Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane , RAI ). Lazio's limited industrial sector and highly developed service industries allowed

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1140-403: Is a thriving sector especially as regards tourism linked to art and monuments and places of interest in the region ( Rome in particular), religious tourism (Rome and the sanctuaries of Lazio), summer seaside tourism especially in upper and lower Lazio ( Santa Marinella , Ladispoli , Anzio , Nettuno , Sabaudia , San Felice Circeo , Terracina , Sperlonga , Gaeta ) and summer/winter tourism in

1235-544: Is also likely that the move to Ravenna was due to the city's port and good sea-borne connections to the Eastern Roman Empire . In 409, King Alaric I of the Visigoths simply bypassed Ravenna, and went on to sack Rome in 410 and to take Galla Placidia , daughter of Emperor Theodosius I , hostage. After many vicissitudes, Galla Placidia returned to Ravenna with her son, Emperor Valentinian III , due to

1330-734: Is also the capital and largest city of Italy, and completely encircles Vatican City . Lazio is rich in a multi-millennial heritage: it was the home of the Etruscan civilization , then stood at the center of the Roman Republic , of the Roman Empire , of the Papal States , of the Kingdom of Italy and of the Italian Republic . The historical, artistic, cultural, architectural, archaeological and religious heritage of Lazio

1425-621: Is an inland city, Ravenna is connected to the Adriatic Sea by the Candiano Canal . It is known for its well-preserved late Roman and Byzantine architecture, with eight buildings comprising the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna". Because of the high concentration of mosaics, the city has been associated with workshops and schools teaching mosaics, and is often given titles like

1520-761: Is even less with 7%, compared with 12% from tourism. Since a large part of Lazio's GDP is produced by the service sector , with high value added . Firms are often small to medium in size and operate in the There is some R&D activity in high technology : IBM ( IBM Rome Software Lab ), Ericsson , Leonardo Electronics (Rome-Tiburtina, Rome-Laurentina, Pomezia , Latina ), Rheinmetall ("Radar House") and tire industry: Bridgestone (R&D center in Rome and proving grounds in Aprilia ). The most distinctive industry in Lazio

1615-594: Is immensely vast and rich in cultural diversity. Some of the greatest artists and historical figures lived and worked in Rome, particularly during the Italian Renaissance period, such as Donato Bramante , Raphael , Leonardo da Vinci , Filippo Brunelleschi , Donatello , Michelangelo , Caravaggio , Gian Lorenzo Bernini , Francesco Borromini , Pietro da Cortona , Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , Peter Paul Rubens , Anthony van Dyck and Diego Velázquez . In remote antiquity, Lazio ( Latium ) included only

1710-575: Is one of the most visited regions in Italy and Europe and one of the first in terms of number of international presences. Rome is the most visited city in Italy with around 30 million visitors per year. Among the most visited sites of interest include the Colosseum and Imperial fora , Castel Sant'Angelo and the complex of Hadrian's Villa and Villa d'Este , among the museum itineraries the Pantheon ,

1805-486: Is production of household chemicals, pharmaceutical, hygiene goods and medical products: Sigma-Tau , Johnson & Johnson , Procter & Gamble , Colgate Palmolive , Henkel , Pfizer , Abbott , Catalent , Angelini , Menarini , Biopharma, Wepa . From fruits the most important are kiwifruit (1st place in Italy) and hazel nuts "Nocciola romana". Italy itself is the second largest producer of kiwifruit worldwide and

1900-419: Is salted pork fat, different from bacon , which is smoked. It is a typical product of Lazio, Umbria and Abruzzo . Another important ingredient is pecorino romano cheese . Vegetables are common, artichokes (" carciofi ") being among the most popular: Other popular vegetables are romanesco broccoli , asparagus , fava bean , cima di rapa , romaine lettuce , pumpkin , zucchini and chicory . In

1995-814: Is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna , in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy . It was the capital city of the Western Roman Empire during the 5th century until its collapse in 476, after which it served as the capital of the Ostrogothic Kingdom and then the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna . Initially settled by the Umbri people, Ravenna came under Roman Republic control in 89 BC. Octavian built

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2090-530: Is the one with the highest number of hours of sunshine and days with clear skies during the year. The Italian word Lazio descends from the Latin word Latium , the region of the Latins , Latini in the Latin language spoken by them and passed on to the Latin city-state of Ancient Rome . Although the demography of ancient Rome was multi-ethnic , including, for example, Etruscans, Sabines and other Italics besides

2185-488: Is vested in the Regional Council ( Consiglio Regionale ). Rome is centre-left politically oriented by tradition, while the rest of Lazio is centre-right oriented. In the 2008 general election , Lazio gave 44.2% of its vote to the centre-right coalition, while the centre-left block took 41.4% of vote. In the 2013 general election , Lazio gave 40.7% of its vote to the centre-left block coalition, 29.3% to

2280-538: The Vicus Martis Tudertium (near modern Massa Martana ), then Mevania ( Bevagna ), and thence to Forum Flaminii (S. Giovanni Profiamma). Later, a more circuitous route from Narnia to Forum Flaminii was adopted, increasing the distance by 12 Roman miles (18 km) and passing by Interamna Nahars ( Terni ), Spoletium ( Spoleto ) and Fulginium ( Foligno ) from which a branch diverged to Perusia ( Perugia ). From Forum Flaminii , where

2375-479: The 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome . In Rome it runs past and gives its name to the Stadio Flaminio sports stadium. Lazio Lazio ( UK : / ˈ l æ t s i oʊ / LAT -see-oh , US : / ˈ l ɑː t -/ LAHT - ; Italian: [ˈlattsjo] ) or Latium ( / ˈ l eɪ ʃ i ə m / LAY -shee-əm , US also /- ʃ ə m / -⁠shəm ; from

2470-408: The 2016 Central Italy earthquake . Agriculture, crafts, animal husbandry and fishery are the main traditional sources of income. Agriculture is characterized by the cultivation of wine grapes, fruit, vegetables and olives. Lazio is the main growing region of kiwi in Italy. Approximately 73% of the working population are employed in the services sector, which contribute 85.8% of regional GDP; this

2565-825: The Byzantine Empire , the region became the property of the Eastern Emperor as the Duchy of Rome . However, the long wars against the Longobards weakened the region. With the Donation of Sutri in 728, the Pope acquired the first territory in the region beyond the Duchy of Rome. The strengthening of the religious and ecclesiastical aristocracy led to continuous power struggles between secular lords ( Baroni ) and

2660-506: The Gardens of Bomarzo , the Abbey of Fossanova , Monte Cassino Abbey and Farfa Abbey . Lazio has many small and picturesque villages, 25 of them have been selected by I Borghi più belli d'Italia (English: The most beautiful Villages of Italy ), a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest, that was founded on the initiative of

2755-544: The Marcomannic Wars , Germanic settlers in Ravenna revolted and managed to seize possession of the city. For this reason, Marcus Aurelius decided not only against bringing more barbarians into Italy, but even banished those who had previously been brought there. In AD 401, Emperor Honorius transferred the capital of the Western Roman Empire from Mediolanum (current Milan) to Ravenna; it subsequently served as

2850-1017: The Napoleonic era and World War II . As the SS ;3 (Strada Statale 3) it remains one of the principal highways from Rome to the Adriatic coast. The Via Flaminia began at the Porta Fontinalis , a gate in the Servian Wall in ancient Rome, on the northern slope of the Capitoline Hill . It followed the Via Lata from the Campidoglio to the Porta Flaminia , a city gate of the Aurelian Walls , and

2945-673: The Piazzale Flaminio . This portion can be considered the urban stretch of the Via Flaminia. The road then crosses the Tiber at the Ponte Milvio . While the Via Cassia split off north, the Via Flaminia veared east before turning north again to follow the Tiber, and continued on to Saxa Rubra and Prima Porta . On a hill to the right of the Via Flaminia, a little beyond Prima Porta , are the ruins of Ad Gallinas ,

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3040-607: The Po River Delta, but later accepted it into the Roman Republic as a federated town in 89 BC . In 49 BC, it was where Julius Caesar gathered his forces before crossing the Rubicon . Later Octavian , after his battle against Mark Antony in 31 BC, founded the military harbor of Classis . This harbor, protected at first by its own walls, was an important station of the Roman Imperial Fleet . Nowadays

3135-489: The SS 3 Flaminia , still uses Vespasian's tunnel, the emperor's dedicatory inscription still in place; remnants of the earlier tunnel can also be seen. The Flaminia emerged from the gorges of the Apennines at Forum Sempronii ( Fossombrone ) and reached the coast of the Adriatic at Fanum Fortunae ( Fano ). Thence, it ran north-west through Pisaurum ( Pesaro ) to Ariminum ( Rimini ). The total distance from Rome

3230-646: The Teatro Alighieri while concerts take place at the Palazzo Mauro de André as well as in the ancient Basilica of San Vitale and Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe . Chicago Symphony Orchestra music director Riccardo Muti , a longtime resident of the city, regularly participates in the festival, which invites orchestras and other performers from around the world. Michelangelo Antonioni filmed his 1964 movie Red Desert ( Deserto Rosso ) within

3325-450: The chyme (mass of partly digested food) is left inside. Typical dishes of this style are: Traditional meat dishes include saltimbocca alla romana (veal wrapped with prosciutto di Parma DOP and sage and cooked in white wine, butter and flour) and abbacchio alla romana (roasted lamb with garlic, rosemary, pepper and chopped prosciutto ). The region gives its name to the professional football club SS Lazio that plays in

3420-545: The coast , there is a mediterranean climate , the temperature values vary between 9–10 °C (48–50 °F) in January and 24–25 °C (75–77 °F) in July. Towards the interior, the climate is more continental and, on the hills, winters are cold and at night, temperatures can be quite frigid. With particular regard to the sunshine duration , it should also be noted that, among the regional capital cities in Italy, Rome

3515-483: The orthodox Christian Byzantine Emperor Justinian I opposed both Ostrogoth rule and the Arian variety of Christianity. In 535 his general Belisarius invaded Italy and in 540 conquered Ravenna. After the conquest of Italy was completed in 554, Ravenna became the seat of Byzantine government in Italy. From 540 to 600, Ravenna's bishops embarked upon a notable building program of churches in Ravenna and in and around

3610-673: The ski resorts of the Lazio Apennines ( Monte Terminillo , Leonessa , Cittareale , Monte Livata, Campo Staffi and Campocatino, Altipiani di Arcinazzo ). Other points of interest in the region are the area of the Roman Castles , located south-east of the city of Rome, around the Alban Hills , made up of a group of towns and cities, partly in the territory of Latium Vetus , surrounded by the Roman Campagna . Also

3705-460: The "capital of mosaics". The origin of the name Ravenna is unclear. Some have speculated that "Ravenna" is related to "Rasenna" (or "Rasna"), the term that the Etruscans used for themselves, but there is no agreement on this point. The origins of Ravenna are uncertain. The oldest archaeological evidence found dates the Umbri presence in Ravenna at least to the 5th century BC, where it

3800-718: The British 27th Lancers entered and liberated Ravenna. A total of 937 Commonwealth soldiers who died in the winter of 1944–45 are buried in Ravenna War Cemetery, including 438 Canadians. Eight early Christian buildings of Ravenna are inscribed on the World Heritage List . These are Other historic sites include: The city annually hosts the Ravenna Festival , one of Italy's prominent classical music gatherings. Opera performances are held at

3895-594: The Byzantines. In 751, the Lombard king, Aistulf , conquered Ravenna, thus ending Byzantine rule in northern Italy. King Pepin of the Franks attacked the Lombards under orders of Pope Stephen II . Ravenna then gradually came under the direct authority of the Popes , although this was contested by the archbishops at various times. Pope Adrian I authorized Charlemagne to take away anything from Ravenna that he liked, and an unknown quantity of Roman columns, mosaics , statues, and other portable items were taken north to enrich his capital of Aachen . In 1198 Ravenna led

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3990-425: The Flaminia in particular, in the area between Spoleto and Trevi , many small Romanesque churches, partly built of reused Roman stone ( spolia ) — including a few inscriptions — mark the straight line of the road quite clearly. A small stretch of the road remains in the ruins of Carsulae where it passes through the Arco di Traiano. The road was used as part of the individual road race cycling event for

4085-473: The Great 's famous Battle of the Milvian Bridge also occurred on the road, after his nearby dream of the Chi Rho (which led to his conversion and that of the Roman Empire to Christianity ). In late antiquity the Via Flaminia remained Rome's major artery both to the Adriatic and to Italy north of the Apennines. The Itinerarium Burdigalense and the Priscillianists who had been expelled from their sees both took this route to Rome despite its length. After

4180-412: The Italian Serie A . The region has two professional clubs in the top flight, the other being AS Roma , who also play in the highest division of Italian football. Combined, the two have won five Italian championships with Roma winning three and Lazio two. The main sports stadium in Lazio is Stadio Olimpico in Rome which has housed both teams for a prolonged time and hosts Derby della Capitale between

4275-457: The Italian national institute of statistics ISTAT estimated that 615,108 foreign-born immigrants live in Lazio, equal to 11.1% of the total regional population. Lazio has a system of representative democracy in which the President of the Region ( Presidente della Regione ) is the head of government and of a pluriform multi-party system . Executive power is vested in the regional government ( Giunta Regionale ) and legislative power

4370-408: The Latini, the latter were the dominant constituent. In Roman mythology , the tribe of the Latini took their name from King Latinus . Apart from the mythical derivation of Lazio given by the ancients as the place where Saturn , ruler of the golden age in Latium, hid (latuisset) from Jupiter there, a major modern etymology is that Lazio comes from the Latin word "latus", meaning "wide", expressing

4465-430: The Latins, who were largely Catholic Orthodox. Ravenna's Orthodox bishops carried out notable building projects, of which the sole surviving one is the Cappella Arcivescovile . Theodoric allowed Roman citizens within his kingdom to be subject to Roman law and the Roman judicial system. The Goths, meanwhile, lived under their own laws and customs. In 519, when a mob had burned down the synagogues of Ravenna, Theodoric ordered

4560-441: The Papal States, so that these territories became provincial administrations of St. Peter's estate; governors in Viterbo , in Marittima and Campagna , and in Frosinone administered them for the papacy. Lazio was part of the short-lived Roman Republic , after which it became a puppet state of the First French Republic under the forces of Napoleon Bonaparte . Lazio was returned to the Papal States in October 1799. In 1809, it

4655-410: The Pope until the middle of the 16th century. Innocent III tried to strengthen his own territorial power, wishing to assert his authority in the provincial administrations of Tuscia, Campagna and Marittima through the Church's representatives, in order to reduce the power of the Colonna family . Other popes tried to do the same. During the period when the papacy resided in Avignon, France (1309–1377),

4750-401: The Tiber, three groups of mountains of volcanic origin: the Volsini , Cimini and Sabatini , whose largest former craters are occupied by the Bolsena , Vico and Bracciano lakes. To the south of the Tiber, other mountain groups form part of the Preapennines: the Alban Hills , also of volcanic origin, and the calcareous Lepini , Ausoni and Aurunci Mountains . The Apennines of Latium are

4845-422: The Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities. Lazio GDP growth from 2013 to 2017 in euro : In 2019 there were 657,855 companies, 10.8% of the national total. The table below shows the GDP, produced in Lazio at current market prices in 2006, expressed in millions of euros, broken down into the main economic macro-activities: The unemployment rate stood at 7.7% in 2022. With

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4940-444: The added lands or New Latium, and Latium Vetus, or Old Latium, the older, smaller region. The northern border of Lazio was the Tiber river, which divided it from Etruria . The emperor Augustus officially united almost all of present-day Italy into a single geo-political entity, Italia , dividing it into eleven regions. The part of today's Lazio south of the Tiber river – together with the present region of Campania immediately to

5035-459: The areas around Lake Bracciano and Lake Bolsena , Lazio is home to 14 lakes of volcanic origin. One of the most important archaeological park in Italy is Ostia Antica , known as the port of ancient Rome, Ostia was a city of the Latium Vetus, located near the mouth of the Tiber river . Civita di Bagnoregio , also known as "the dying city", has become a popular tourist destination in the country. According to Istat data relating to 2018, Lazio

5130-469: The bridges except the Pons Mulvius , by which it crosses the Tiber , 3 kilometres (2 miles) north of Rome (built by Marcus Aemilius Scaurus in 109 BC), and an unknown Pons Minucius. Triumphal arches were erected in his honour on the former bridge and at Ariminum , the latter of which is still preserved. Vespasian constructed a new tunnel through the pass of Intercisa ( Furlo ), in AD 77, and Trajan , as inscriptions show, repaired several bridges along

5225-417: The capital of the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy. Theodoric, following his imperial predecessors, also built many splendid buildings in and around Ravenna, including his palace church Sant'Apollinare Nuovo , an Arian cathedral (now Santo Spirito) and Baptistery, and his own Mausoleum just outside the walls. Both Odoacer and Theodoric and their followers were Arian Christians, but co-existed peacefully with

5320-412: The capital of the empire for most of the 5th century and the last de facto western emperor Romulus Augustulus was deposed there in AD 476. At that time it was home to 50,000 people. The transfer was made partly for defensive purposes: Ravenna was surrounded by swamps and marshes, and was perceived to be easily defensible (although in fact the city fell to opposing forces numerous times in its history); it

5415-421: The centre-right coalition and 20.2 to the Five Star Movement . The current president of Lazio is Francesco Rocca , independent politician and former president of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies , in office in the centre-right coalition . Lazio is divided into four provinces and one metropolitan (province-level) city : One of the most famous forms of food in Lazio

5510-406: The city is landlocked, but Ravenna remained an important seaport on the Adriatic until the early Middle Ages . During the Germanic campaigns, Thusnelda , widow of Arminius , and Marbod , King of the Marcomanni , were confined at Ravenna. Ravenna greatly prospered under Roman rule. Emperor Trajan built a 70 km (43.50 mi) long aqueduct at the beginning of the 2nd century. During

5605-432: The cuisine of Lazio, spices are widely used. Among the most used are lesser cat-mint , called in Rome " mentuccia " (for artichokes and mushrooms), squaw mint , called in Rome " menta romana " (for lamb and tripe), laurel , rosemary , sage , juniper , chili and grated truffle . Although Roman and Lazio cuisine use cheap ingredients like vegetable and pasta, poor people needed a source of protein. Therefore, they used

5700-453: The eastern slope waterways between the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines and the Umbrian Apennines to Fano on the coast and goes north, parallel to Highway A14 to Rimini. This route, once convenient to Roman citizens and other travelers, is now congested by heavy traffic between north Italy and the capital at Rome. It remains a country road, while the traffic crosses by railway and autostrada through dozens of tunnels between Florence and Bologna ,

5795-418: The fall of the western Roman Empire the route remained in use, and when the Ostrogothic king Theodahad set out from Ravenna for Rome around 535, a letter of Cassiodorus mentions work done to repair the road. After the emperor Justinian invaded Italy, competition between the Goths and Romans over strongpoints on the road resulted in more activity through a route that ran slightly to the north through Perugia,

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5890-436: The feudal lords' power increased due to the absence of the Pope from Rome. Small communes, and Rome above all, opposed the lords' increasing power, and with Cola di Rienzo , they tried to present themselves as antagonists of the ecclesiastical power. However, between 1353 and 1367, the papacy regained control of Lazio and the rest of the Papal States . From the middle of the 16th century, the papacy politically unified Lazio with

5985-400: The headlands of Cape Circeo (541 m) and Gaeta (171 m). The Pontine Islands , which are part of Lazio, are off Lazio's southern coast. Behind the coastal strip, to the north, lies the Maremma Laziale (the continuation of the Tuscan Maremma), a coastal plain interrupted at Civitavecchia by the Tolfa Mountains (616 m). The central section of the region is occupied by the Roman Campagna ,

6080-431: The hub of Bologna; on the north–south axis of EU routes E45 (from Rome) and E55 (SS-309 "Romea" from Venice); and on the regional Ferrara-Rimini axis of SS-16 (partially called "Adriatica"). Ravenna is twinned with: The traditional football club of the city is Ravenna F.C. Currently it plays in the fourth tier of Italian football, Serie D . A.P.D. Ribelle 1927 is the football club of Castiglione di Ravenna,

6175-404: The idea of "flat land" meaning the Roman Campagna . Much of Lazio is in fact flat or rolling. The lands originally inhabited by the Latini were extended into the territories of the Samnites , the Marsi , the Hernici , the Aequi , the Aurunci and the Volsci , all surrounding Italic tribes. This larger territory was still called Latium, but it was divided into Latium adiectum or Latium Novum,

6270-415: The industrialised areas of the Pialassa valley. Ravenna has an important commercial and tourist port . Ravenna railway station has direct Trenitalia service to Bologna , Ferrara , Lecce , Milan , Parma , Rimini , and Verona . Ravenna Airport is located in Ravenna. The nearest commercial airports are those of Forlì , Rimini and Bologna . Freeways crossing Ravenna include: A14-bis from

6365-427: The military harbor of Classis at Ravenna, and the city remained an important seaport on the Adriatic until the early Middle Ages . The city prospered under imperial rule. In 401, Western Roman emperor Honorius moved his court from Mediolanum to Ravenna; it then served as capital of the empire for most of the 5th century. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Ravenna became the capital of Odoacer until he

6460-428: The most illustrious residents of Ravenna at this time was the exiled Florentine poet Dante . The last of the Da Polenta, Ostasio III , was ousted by the Republic of Venice in February 1441, and the city was annexed to the Venetian territories in the Treaty of Cremona . Ravenna was ruled by Venice until 1509, when the area was invaded in the course of the Italian Wars . In 1512, during the Holy League wars, Ravenna

6555-436: The new consumer society , the desire for life, beauty and entertainment exploded, becoming the " Hollywood on the Tiber ". Today, Lazio is a large center of services and international trade , industry , public services and tourism , supported by an extensive network of transport infrastructures thanks to its geographical position in the center of Italian Peninsula and the presence of Rome within it. Lazio comprises

6650-406: The old Etruscan Via Amerina . The Lombard conquest ultimately resulted in the breaking of the Via Flaminia. In the late sixth century the Via Flaminia was severed by the establishment of the Lombard Duchy of Spoleto, with the border around contested Narni. In its place was established the 'Byzantine corridor', a new route linking Rome and Ravenna that departed both cities on the Via Flaminia but which

6745-400: The original Latin name , pronounced [ˈɫati.ũː] ) is one of the 20 administrative regions of Italy . Situated in the central peninsular section of the country, it has 5,714,882 inhabitants and a GDP of more than €212 billion per year, making it the country's second most populated region and second largest regional economy after Lombardy . The capital of Lazio is Rome , which

6840-693: The port city of Classe. Surviving monuments include the Basilica of San Vitale and the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe , as well as the partially surviving San Michele in Africisco. Following the conquests of Belisarius for Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I in the 6th century, Ravenna became the seat of the Byzantine governor of Italy, the Exarch , and was known as the Exarchate of Ravenna . It

6935-583: The position of industry, favouring the areas with the best links to Rome and those near the Autostrada del Sole , especially around Frosinone . Additional factor was cheap energy supply from Latina Nuclear Power Plant and Garigliano Nuclear Power Plant , which are now out of the operation after Italian nuclear energy referendum. Industry contributes a small part of GDP: its share is 8.9% compared to 25.0% in Veneto and 24.0% in Emilia-Romagna . In Rome it

7030-621: The possibility of flooding and creating a large belt of agricultural land around the city. Apart from another short occupation by Venice (1527–1529), Ravenna was part of the Papal States until 1796, when it was annexed to the French puppet state of the Cisalpine Republic ( Italian Republic from 1802, and Kingdom of Italy from 1805). It was returned to the Papal States in 1814. Occupied by Piedmontese troops in 1859, Ravenna and

7125-562: The region to well outperform the Italian economy in 2009 in the heart of the global financial crisis, but it was strongly affected by the COVID-19 crisis of 2020–2021 due to the lock-downs. Industrial development in Lazio is limited to the areas south of Rome. Communications and – above all – the setting of the border of the Cassa del Mezzogiorno some kilometers south of Rome have influenced

7220-412: The road consist of rare patches of pavement (by far the largest is an intermittent stretch about 800 meters long at Rignano Flaminio in the northern Lazio), but for the most part of bridges, listed here in order from Rome: Other notable Roman vestiges along the road, aside from those within the individual towns, include a pair of tower tombs between Bevagna and Foligno; and along the eastern branch of

7315-454: The road. During the period of Roman expansion in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, the Flaminia became, with the sea route, a main axis of transportation by which wheat from the Po valley supplied Rome and central Italy. A number of major battles were fought on or near the Via Flaminia, for example at Sentinum (near the modern Sassoferrato ) and near Tadinum (the modern Gualdo Tadino ). Constantine

7410-584: The so-called "quinto quarto" ("fifth quarter"), leftovers from animal carcasses that remained after the sale of prized parts to the wealthy. Quinto quarto includes tripe (the most valuable part of reticulum , also called " cuffia ", " l'omaso " or " lampredotto "), kidneys (which need to be soaked for a long time in water with lemon to remove urine smell), heart, liver, spleen, sweetbreads (pancreas, thymus and salivary glands), brain, tongue, ox tail, trotters and pajata ( intestines of calf, fed only with its mother's milk). The intestines are cleaned and skinned but

7505-518: The southeast of Lazio and the seat of Neapolis – became Region I ( Latium et Campania ), while modern Upper Lazio became part of Regio VII – Etruria , and today's Province of Rieti joined Regio IV – Samnium . After the Gothic conquest of Italy at the end of the fifth century, modern Lazio became part of the Ostrogothic Kingdom , but after the Gothic War between 535 and 554 and conquest by

7600-553: The summit of the pass according to one ancient author. From there it descended to Cales ( Cagli ), where it turned north-east following the gorges of the Burano . The narrowest pass was crossed by means of a tunnel chiseled out of solid rock: a first tunnel apparently of the 3rd century BC was replaced by an adjacent tunnel by Vespasian . This is the modern Gola del Furlo , the ancient name of which, Intercisa , means "cut through" with reference to these tunnels. The modern 2‑lane road,

7695-546: The support of her nephew Theodosius II . Ravenna enjoyed a period of peace, during which time the Christian religion was favoured by the imperial court, and the city gained some of its most famous monuments, including the Orthodox Baptistry, the misnamed Mausoleum of Galla Placidia (she was not actually buried there), and San Giovanni Evangelista . The late 5th century saw the dissolution of Roman authority in

7790-665: The surrounding Romagna area became part of the new unified Kingdom of Italy in 1861. During World War II , the town suffered severe damage. Fifty-two Allied bombing raids during the course of the Second World War had taken their toll, destroying some of Ravenna's noteworthy, unequalled early Christian art. Bombs intended for the railway station and its sidings had pulverised the Basilica of San Giovanni Evangelista in August 1944. On 5 November 1944 troops of 4th Princess Louise Dragoon Guards, 5th Canadian Armoured Division and

7885-459: The town to rebuild them at its own expense. Theodoric died in 526 and was succeeded by his young grandson Athalaric under the authority of his daughter Amalasunta , but by 535 both were dead and Theodoric's line was represented only by Amalasuntha's daughter Matasuntha . Various Ostrogothic military leaders took the Kingdom of Italy, but none were as successful as Theodoric had been. Meanwhile,

7980-521: The two branches rejoined, the Flaminia went on to Nuceria Camellaria ( Nocera Umbra ) whence a branch road ran to Septempeda and thence either to Ancona or to Tolentinum ( Tolentino ) and Urbs Salvia ( Urbisaglia ) and Helvillum (site uncertain, probably Sigillo , but possibly Fossato di Vico ), to cross the main ridge of the Apennines , a temple of Jupiter Apenninus standing at or near

8075-843: The two clubs. The stadium also hosted the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1990 FIFA World Cup final . Outside of Rome the football scene has another club playing in the Serie A, that being Frosinone . Lazio hosts no top-line motorsports events, but the Vallelunga circuit previously hosted the Superbike World Championship in motorcycle racing . Rome is home to many international sporting events and competitions, including: Ravenna Ravenna ( / r ə ˈ v ɛ n ə / rə- VEN -ə ; Italian: [raˈvenna] , also local pronunciation: [raˈvɛn(n)a] ; Romagnol : Ravèna, Ravêna )

8170-774: The west, and Romulus Augustulus was deposed in 476 by the general Odoacer . Odoacer ruled as King of Italy for 13 years, but in 489 the Eastern Emperor Zeno sent the Ostrogoth King Theodoric the Great to re-take the Italian peninsula. After losing the Battle of Verona , Odoacer retreated to Ravenna, where he withstood a siege of three years by Theodoric, until the taking of Rimini deprived Ravenna of supplies. Theodoric took Ravenna in 493, supposedly slew Odoacer with his own hands, and Ravenna became

8265-486: Was 210 Roman miles, 296 km (184 mi) by the older road and 222 Roman miles, 328 km (204 mi) by the newer. The road gave its name to a juridical district of Italy from the 2nd century onwards, the former territory of the Senones , which was at first associated with Umbria (with which indeed under Augustus it had formed the sixth region of Italy called Umbria et Ager Gallicus ), but which after Constantine

8360-527: Was always administered with Picenum . The Via Flaminia minor (Via Flaminia Militare) was a more western route, constructed by Gaius Flaminius (son of the former Gaius Flaminius) in 187 BC from Bononia ( Bologna ) to Arretium ( Arezzo ). It gradually fell into disuse, and disappeared after the Middle Ages. Its exact route is unknown although in 1977 Franco Santi and Cesare Agostini claimed to have found remnants, as yet unconfirmed. Extant remains of

8455-579: Was annexed to the French Empire under the name of the Department of Tibre , but returned to the Pope's control in 1815. On 20 September 1870 the capture of Rome , during the reign of Pope Pius IX , and France's defeat at Sedan , completed Italian unification , and Lazio was incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy . In 1927, the territory of the province of Rieti, belonging to Umbria and Abruzzo , joined Lazio. Towns in Lazio were devastated by

8550-702: Was at this time that the Ravenna Cosmography was written. Under Byzantine rule, the archbishop of the Archdiocese of Ravenna was temporarily granted autocephaly from the Roman Church by the emperor, in 666, but this was soon revoked. Nevertheless, the archbishop of Ravenna held the second place in Italy after the pope, and played an important role in many theological controversies during this period. The Lombards , under King Liutprand , occupied Ravenna in 712, but were forced to return it to

8645-539: Was defeated by the Ostrogoth king Theodoric . In 540, Belisarius conquered Ravenna for the Byzantine Empire , and the city became the capital of Byzantine Italy. After a brief Lombard control, Ravenna came under the authority of the Papacy and, save for minor interruptions, remained part of the Papal States until the mid-19th century when it was incorporated into the newly unified Kingdom of Italy . Although it

8740-633: Was forced due to political circumstances to pass through Perugia rather than Spoleto. In the Middle Ages it was known as the Ravenna road , as it led to the then more important city of Ravenna . Following the end of the Exarchate of Ravenna , it fell into disuse during the Lombard period, but was partially reconstructed in the Renaissance era and continued to be of military importance down to

8835-647: Was sacked by the French following the Battle of Ravenna . Ravenna was also known during the Renaissance as the birthplace of the Monster of Ravenna . After the Venetian withdrawal, Ravenna was again ruled by legates of the Pope as part of the Papal States. The city was damaged in a tremendous flood in May 1636. Over the next 300 years, a network of canals diverted nearby rivers and drained nearby swamps, thus reducing

8930-630: Was surpassed only by China . Infrastructure which has been used for grape growing was easily adapted for kiwifruit cultivation. Only sheep and buffalo herds are significant nationwide. Both are kept predominantly for milk, which is used in the production of pecorino romano and mozzarella di bufala cheese. Sheep herds are the 3rd nationwide after Sardinia and Sicily . 40% of sheep are bred in province of Viterbo . Vineyards cover 47,884 hectares (118,320 acres) in Lazio. 90% of wines are white. In production of quality wine Lazio has rank 14 of 20 with 190.557 hl. There are 3 DOCG wines: Tourism in Lazio

9025-506: Was undisturbed until the 3rd century BC, when first contact with Roman civilization began. Its territory was settled also by the Senones , especially the southern countryside of the city (that was not part of the lagoon), the Ager Decimanus . Ravenna consisted of houses built on piles on a series of small islands in a marshy lagoon – a situation similar to Venice several centuries later. The Romans ignored it during their conquest of

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