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75-630: Froot Loops is a sweetened, fruit-flavored breakfast cereal made by WK Kellogg Co for the United States , Canadian , and Caribbean markets and Kellanova for the rest of the world. The brand was solely owned by the original Kellogg Company before it spun off its North American cereal division as WK Kellogg Co in late 2023. The fruit-flavored cereal pieces are ring-shaped, with a variety of bright colors. Kellogg's introduced Froot Loops in 1963. Originally, there were only red, orange and yellow loops; green, blue and purple loops were added during

150-676: A snack food , primarily in Western societies . Although warm, cooked cereals like oat meal , corn grits , and wheat farina have the longest history as traditional breakfast foods, branded and ready-to-eat cold cereals (many produced via the process of extrusion ) appeared around the late 19th century. These processed, precooked, packaged cereals are most often served in a quick and simple preparation with dairy products , traditionally cow's milk . These modern cereals can also be paired with yoghurt or plant-based milks , or eaten plain. Fruit or nuts are sometimes added, and may enhance

225-491: A "British accent". Kellogg's made several varieties of snack foods, including snack bags called Snack Ums . Snack Ums were similar to the cereal but larger. Their slogan was "Super-sized bites with deliciously intense natural fruit flavors" and "Flavor Bursting!" Froot Loops-branding by Kellogg's was also used with the Froot Loops cereal bar , and in 2021 Froot Loops Pop-Tarts. In 2012, Kellogg's introduced Froot Loops to

300-680: A center both of the Seventh-day Adventist Church and of innovation in the ready-to-eat cereal industry, and indeed, the church had a substantial impact on the development of cereal goods through the person of John Harvey Kellogg (1851–1943). Son of an Adventist factory owner in Battle Creek, Kellogg was encouraged by his church to train in medicine at Bellevue Hospital Medical College in New York City in 1875. After graduating, he became medical superintendent at

375-412: A cure for the common cold while England references the dish to the royal family and their traditions. Common hot cereals in parts of Canada include oatmeal , Cream of Wheat (and Cream of Rice) and Red River cereal . These hot cereals are typically served with maple syrup or brown sugar and milk or cream. Yogurt is also added to Red River cereal. Many Canadians also enjoy cereals similar to those in

450-723: A fire at his mill in Akron, Schumacher joined Stuart and Crowell to form the Consolidated Oatmeal Company. The American Cereal Company ( Quaker Oats , but see below) created a cereal made from oats in 1877, manufacturing the product in Akron, Ohio. Separately, in 1888, a trust or holding company combined the nation's seven largest mills into the American Cereal Company using the Quaker Oats brand name. By 1900, technology, entrepreneurship, and

525-812: A food developer's point of view, they also need to consider the costs associated with this new product and whether there will be a market to support the change. The Food Fortification Initiative lists all countries in the world that conduct fortification programs, and within each country, what nutrients are added to which foods, and whether those programs are voluntary or mandatory. Vitamin fortification programs exist in one or more countries for folate, niacin, riboflavin, thiamine, vitamin A, vitamin B 6 , vitamin B 12 , vitamin D and vitamin E. Mineral fortification programs include calcium, fluoride, iodine, iron, selenium and zinc. As of December 21, 2018, 81 countries required food fortification with one or more vitamins. The most commonly fortified vitamin – as used in 62 countries –

600-1325: A grain or mixture of grains usually taking place in a facility remote from the location where the product is eaten. This distinguishes "breakfast cereals" from foods made from grains modified and cooked in the place where they are eaten. Breakfast cereals may be fortified with dietary minerals and vitamins . For example, breakfast cereal in Canada may be fortified with specific micronutrient amounts per 100 grams of cereal, including thiamin , (2.0 mg), niacin (4.8 mg), and vitamin B6 (0.6 mg), among others. Breakfast cereal companies make gluten-free cereals which are free of any gluten -containing grains. These cereals are targeted for consumers who suffer from gluten-related disorders , such as celiac disease , non-celiac gluten sensitivity and wheat allergy , among others. Some companies that produce gluten-free cereals include Kellogg's , General Mills , Nature's Path and Arrowhead Mills . Most warm cereals can be classified as porridges , in that they consist of cereal grains which are soaked in hot water, cooked and/or boiled to soften them and make them palatable. Sweeteners, such as brown sugar , honey, or maple syrup, are often added either by

675-498: A high frequency of niacin deficiency include alcoholism, anorexia nervosa, HIV infection, gastrectomy, malabsorptive disorders, certain cancers and their associated treatments. Since Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin , it cannot be added to a wide variety of foods. Foods that it is commonly added to are margarine, vegetable oils and dairy products. During the late 1800s, after the discovery of curing conditions of scurvy and beriberi had occurred, researchers were aiming to see if

750-458: A high sugar content ("sugar cereals" or even "kids' cereals" in common parlance). These cereals are frequently marketed toward children (in television ads, comic books, etc.) and often feature a cartoon mascot and may contain a toy or prize . Between 1970 and 1998, the number of different types of breakfast cereals in the U.S. more than doubled, from about 160 to around 340; as of 2012 , there were roughly 5,000 different types (estimate based on

825-486: A lack of demand for the cereal, although in 2017, a special Unicorn Froot Loops limited edition was released in the UK. As of 2019, special limited edition Unicorn Froot Loops, Mermaid Froot Loops, and Baby Shark Froot Loops cereals have been made available. Breakfast cereal Breakfast cereal is a category of food, including food products, made from processed cereal grains that are eaten as part of breakfast , or as

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900-515: A multimillion-dollar fortune for Post in a few years. After his death, his company acquired the Jell-O company in 1925, Baker's Chocolate in 1927, Maxwell House coffee in 1928, and Birdseye frozen foods in 1929. In 1929, the company changed its name to General Foods . In 1985, Philip Morris Tobacco Company bought General Foods for $ 5.6 billion (equivalent to $ 15.9 billion today) and merged it with its Kraft division. Because of Kellogg and Post ,

975-430: A person consuming skim milk without fats may not be able to absorb as much of these vitamins as one would be able to absorb from drinking whole milk. On the other hand, the nutrient added as a fortificant may have a higher bioavailability than from foods, which is the case with folic acid used to increase folate intakes. Phytochemicals such as phytic acid in cereal grains can also impact nutrient absorption, limiting

1050-588: A population without specific dietary interventions therefore not requiring a change in dietary patterns, continuous delivery of the nutrient, does not require individual compliance, and potential to maintain nutrient stores more efficiently if consumed regularly. The subsections below describe fortifications in some jurisdictions around the world. A more comprehensive view is given by the online Global Fortification Data Exchange. It indicates which of 197 countries worldwide have mandatory and voluntary food fortification in their datasets and country profiles. The website

1125-410: A product called Granula (similar to Grape Nuts ) to the recognizable modern form involving at a minimum: sweetened toasted oats, but also possibly: dried fruit, puffed rice, nuts or chocolate. Over 2016 to 2017, Americans purchased 3.1 billion boxes of cereal, mostly as ready to eat cold cereal. In a $ 9.8 billion cereal market, cold cereal purchases were 88% of the total (12% for hot cereals), with

1200-507: A research trial as a preventative measure against goiters . By 1924, it became readily available in the US. Currently in Canada and the US, the RDA for iodine is as low as 90 μg/day for children (4–8 years) and as high as 290 μg/day for breast-feeding mothers. Diseases that are associated with an iodine deficiency include: intellectual disabilities , hypothyroidism , and goiter . There

1275-448: A sufficiently high dose, even if other forms are safe at the same or much higher doses. There are examples of such toxicity in both synthetic and naturally occurring forms of vitamins. Retinol , the active form of Vitamin A, is toxic in a much lower dose than other forms, such as beta carotene. Menadione , a phased-out synthetic form of Vitamin K , is also known to be toxic. Many foods and beverages worldwide have been fortified, whether

1350-587: A variety of micronutrient deficiencies. In 1992, 159 countries pledged at the FAO/WHO International Conference on Nutrition to make efforts to help combat these issues of micronutrient deficiencies, highlighting the importance of decreasing the number of those with iodine, vitamin A, and iron deficiencies. A significant statistic that led to these efforts was the discovery that approximately 1 in 3 people worldwide were at risk for either an iodine, vitamin A, or iron deficiency. Although it

1425-493: A voluntary action by the product developers or by law. Although some may view these additions as strategic marketing schemes to sell their product, there is a lot of work that must go into a product before simply fortifying it. To fortify a product, it must first be proven that the addition of this vitamin or mineral is beneficial to health, safe, and an effective method of delivery. The addition must also abide by all food and labeling regulations and support nutritional rationale. From

1500-474: A way to make ground corn palatable, later called grits (from the Old English word grēot , meaning "gravel"). Hominy was another preparation. While this became a staple in the southern U.S., grits never gained popularity in the northern states. Food reformers in the 19th century called for cutting back on excessive meat consumption at breakfast. They explored numerous vegetarian alternatives. Late in

1575-462: Is a porridge used in a variety of meals eaten throughout the day. In the Afrikaans culture of descendants of Dutch farmers and French Huguenots , it is usually sprinkled with sugar and then eaten with milk; it can be made to a very stiff consistency so that it forms—what could be described as—a softish lumpy crumble (called krummel-pap ) or a more creamy porridge consistency (called slap-pap ). It

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1650-515: Is also a risk of various other growth and developmental abnormalities. Folate (as a fortification ingredient, folic acid) functions in reducing blood homocysteine levels, forming red blood cells, proper growth and division of cells and preventing neural tube defects (NTDs). In many industrialized countries, the addition of folic acid to flour has prevented a significant number of NTDs in infants. Two common types of NTDs, spina bifida and anencephaly , affect approximately 2500-3000 infants born in

1725-470: Is associated with less risk of being overweight or obese and high-fiber breakfast cereals are associated with a lower risk of diabetes . All images show the final preparation of the named (or described) cereal in a bowl with cow's milk and a spoon, unless stated otherwise. Food fortification Food fortification has been identified as the second strategy of four by the WHO and FAO to begin decreasing

1800-430: Is folate; the most commonly fortified food is wheat flour ( enriched flour ). Examples of foods and beverages that have been fortified: " Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is the single greatest cause of preventable mental retardation. Severe deficiencies cause cretinism , stillbirth and miscarriage. But even mild deficiency can significantly affect the learning ability of populations. [...] Today over 1 billion people in

1875-406: Is found throughout much of Eastern Europe including Croatia , with analogous dishes existing in many wealthier, Westernized cuisines of Central Europe , such as Poland and Slovakia , where they are associated primarily with lower socioeconomic status. Russia does not value breakfast cereals as much as other places. Most instances of cereal consumption is due to the desire for weight loss. Pap

1950-406: Is generally made from maize ("mielie") meal and is sold under various brand names. Taystee Wheat is made into a creamy wheat-based porridge. Porridge brands unique to South Africa include Jungle Oats and Bokomo Maltabella (made from malted sorghum ). In other parts of Africa it is known as ugali , bota , and banku or "makkau". Scotland is famous for its consumption of oats. In Northern Ireland,

2025-709: Is maintained by the Food Fortification Initiative , GAIN , Iodine Global Network , and the Micronutrient Forum . In Argentina , wheat flour must by law ( Ley 25.630 of 2002) be fortified with iron, thiamine (vitamin B 1 ), riboflavin (B 2 ), niacin (B 3 ), and folic acid (B 9 ). Wheat flour sold in Colombia must by law be fortified with vitamin B 1 , vitamin B 2 , niacin (B 3 ), folic acid (B 9 ) and iron ( Decreto 1944 of 1996). The four countries, also called

2100-511: Is not a bioavailable form unless it undergoes nixtamalization (treatment with alkali, traditional in Native American cultures) and therefore was not contributing to the overall intake of niacin. Diseases associated with niacin deficiency include pellagra which consisted of signs and symptoms called the three D's-"dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea." Others may include vascular or gastrointestinal diseases. Common diseases which present

2175-462: Is not considered an essential mineral, it is useful in prevention of tooth decay and maintaining adequate dental health. In the mid-1900s it was discovered that towns with a high level of fluoride in their water supply was causing the residents' teeth to have both brown spotting and a strange resistance to dental caries. This led to the fortification of water supplies with fluoride in safe amounts (or reduction of naturally occurring levels) to retain

2250-530: Is often served to young children. The cereal production in Greece has recently declined. Oatmeal is a common breakfast in Ireland. Oatmeal and porridge have been consumed in Ireland since the 19th century. In Russia , a breakfast is kasha , a porridge of buckwheat ( Russian : гречка , romanized :  grechka ), farina ( Russian : манка , romanized :  manka ), or other grains. Kasha

2325-432: Is one of the many naturally-occurring forms of folate, and which only contributes a minor amount to the folates occurring in natural foods. In many cases, such as with folate, it is an open question of whether or not there are any benefits or risks to consuming folic acid in this form. In many cases, the micronutrients added to foods in fortification are synthetic. Certain forms of micronutrients can be actively toxic in

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2400-401: Is present in common food items in two different ways: adding back and addition. Flour loses nutritional value due to the way grains are processed; enriched flour has iron, folic acid, niacin, riboflavin, and thiamine added back to it. Conversely, other fortified foods have micronutrients added to them that don't naturally occur in those substances. An example of this is orange juice, which often

2475-539: Is recognized that food fortification alone will not combat this deficiency, it is a step towards reducing the prevalence of these deficiencies and their associated health conditions. In Canada, the Food and Drug Regulations have outlined specific criteria which justify food fortification: There are also several advantages to approaching nutrient deficiencies among populations via food fortification as opposed to other methods. These may include, but are not limited to: treating

2550-418: Is sold with added calcium . Food fortification can also be categorized according to the stage of addition: Micronutrients serve an important role in bodily development and growth. Deficiencies of these micronutrients may cause improper development or even disease. The WHO and FAO, among many other nationally recognized organizations, have recognized that there are over 2 billion people worldwide who have

2625-544: The 1904 World Fair , with raw grains shot with hot compressed air from tubes, popping up to many times their size. They were marketed as a revolution in food science. In the 1920s, national advertising in magazines and radio broadcasts played a key role in the emergence of the fourth big cereal manufacturer, General Mills . In 1921, James Ford Bell , president of a Minneapolis wheat milling firm, began experimenting with rolled wheat flakes. After tempering, steaming, cracking wheat, and processing it with syrup, sugar, and salt, it

2700-935: The Secretary of Agriculture , to establish micronutrient fortification programs under P.L. 480 food aid. Section 3013 replaces a pilot program similarly named and authorized in the 1996 farm bill (P.L. 104–127, Sec. 415). Under the programs, grains and other commodities made available to countries selected for participation will be fortified with micronutrients (e.g., iron, vitamin A, iodine , and folic acid ). In addition to criticism of government-mandated fortification, food companies have been criticized for indiscriminate enrichment of foods for marketing purposes. Food safety worries led to legislation in Denmark in 2004 restricting foods fortified with extra vitamins or minerals. Products banned include: Rice Krispies , Shreddies , Horlicks , Ovaltine , and Marmite . One factor that limits

2775-679: The Western Health Reform Institute in Battle Creek, established in 1866 by the Adventists to offer their natural remedies for illness. Many wealthy industrialists came to Kellogg's sanitarium for recuperation and rejuvenation. In Battle Creek sanitarium guests found fresh air, exercise, rest, hydrotherapy , a strict vegetarian diet, and abstinence from alcohol, tobacco, coffee, and tea. (They were accustomed to breakfasts of ham, eggs, sausages, fried potatoes, hot biscuits, hotcakes (pancakes), and coffee.) To supplement

2850-500: The mass customization of online shopping ). In this highly competitive market, cereal companies have developed an ever-increasing number of varieties and flavors (some are flavored like dessert or candy ). Although many plain wheat-, oat- and corn-based cereals exist, a great many other varieties are highly sweetened, and some brands include freeze-dried fruit as a sweet element. The breakfast cereal industry has gross profit margins of 40–45%, In 2009, market researchers expected

2925-507: The "Breakfast of Champions" slogan. By 1941 Wheaties had won 12% percent of the cereal market. Experiments with the puffing process produced Kix , a puffed corn cereal, and Cheerios , a puffed oats cereal. Further product innovation and diversification brought total General Mills sales to over $ 500 million annually (18% in packaged foods) by the early 1950s. In 1944 General Foods launched a marketing campaign for Grape Nuts, focusing on nutritional importance of breakfast. After World War II ,

3000-842: The "Man in Quaker Garb"—a symbol of plain honesty and reliability—gave Quaker Oats a national market and annual sales of $ 10 million (equivalent to $ 370 million today). Early in the 20th century, the Quaker Oats Company (formed in 1901 to replace the American Cereal Company) ventured into the world market. Schumacher, the innovator; Stuart, the manager and financial leader; and Crowell, the creative merchandiser, advertiser, and promoter, doubled sales every decade. Alexander P. Anderson 's steam-pressure method of shooting rice from guns created puffed rice and puffed wheat . Crowell's intensive advertising campaign in

3075-484: The 1920s and 1930s featured promotions with such celebrities as Babe Ruth , Max Baer , and Shirley Temple . Sponsorship of the popular Rin-Tin-Tin and Sergeant Preston of the Yukon radio shows aided the company's expansion during the depression. Meat rationing during World War II boosted annual sales to $ 90 million (equivalent to $ 1.5 billion today), and by 1956 sales topped $ 277 million ($ 3.1 billion today). By 1964

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3150-762: The 1920s, food fortification emerged as a strategy in the United States to address and prevent the lack of micronutrients in the population's diet. Specifically, it was discovered in the 1930s and 1940s, that micronutrient deficiency is often linked to specific diseases and syndromes. Consequently, the Committee on Food and Nutrition suggested that micronutrients be added to flour. In 1980, The Food and Drug Administration put into action its Food Fortification Policy which included six fundamental rules. In addition to establishing safety guidelines of food fortification, this policy aimed to ensure that food fortification

3225-416: The 1990s, with blue being introduced last in 1996. The loops all share the same fruit-blend flavor. Different production methods are used in the UK, where the company misleadingly sold the idea that each individual loop color was a different flavor. Toucan Sam has been the mascot of Froot Loops since its first appearance. Toucan Sam is a blue anthropomorphic toucan ; the colors of his bill correspond to

3300-768: The C-4, all legally require wheat flour to be fortified with vitamins B 1 , B 2 , B 3, B 9 , and iron. The Philippine law on food fortification has two components: mandatory (covering select staples) and voluntary (under the Sangkap Pinoy program). The latter has been criticized for covering only low nutritional-value food, namely, junk food , to enable them to be sold in schools. UK law (The Bread and Flour Regulations 1998) requires that all flour (except wholemeal and some self-raising flours) be fortified with calcium . Wheat flour must also be fortified with iron, thiamine (vitamin B 1 ) and vitamin B 3 . In

3375-421: The UK market for a limited time with only the secondary colors (orange, green, and purple), as natural color substitutes for red, yellow, and blue could not be found. The recipe also differed from the US version. Kellogg's stated that "due to European legislation we have been unable to produce Froot Loops to the same specifications as the US product. The formulations are different, including sugar and salt levels and

3450-401: The UK version has been produced with natural food additives and flavorings which will account for the differences in appearance and taste between the two products." The UK Froot Loops are also larger in size compared with their American counterparts, and due to the different method of formulation, are a much coarser cereal. In September 2015, Kellogg's removed Froot Loops from the UK market due to

3525-465: The US annually. Research trials have shown the ability to reduce the incidence of NTDs by supplementing pregnant mothers with folic acid by 72%. Niacin (a form of vitamin B 3 ) has been added to bread in the US since 1938 (when voluntary addition started), a program which substantially reduced the incidence of pellagra . Pellagra was seen amongst poor families who used corn as their main dietary staple. Although corn itself does contain niacin, it

3600-459: The United States market. In China, porridges such as rice congee , or those made with other ingredients (including corn meal or millet) are often eaten for breakfast. Eating breakfast cereal has become more important in China and specifically Hong Kong due to the increase of work and decrease in time. In Greece, cornmeal is poured into boiling milk to create a cereal of a thick consistency which

3675-427: The benefits of food fortification is that isolated nutrients added back into a processed food that has had many of its nutrients removed, does not always result in the added nutrients being as bioavailable as they would be in the original, whole food. An example is skim milk that has had the fat removed, and then had vitamin A and vitamin D added back. Vitamins A and D are both fat-soluble and non-water-soluble, so

3750-427: The big breakfast cereal companies—now including General Mills , who entered the market in 1924 with Wheaties —increasingly started to target children. The flour was refined to remove fiber, which at the time was considered to undermine digestion and absorption of nutrients, and sugar was added to improve the flavor for children. The new breakfast cereals began to look starkly different from their ancestors. Ranger Joe,

3825-401: The bioavailability of intrinsic and additional nutrients, and reducing the effectiveness of fortification programs. There is a concern that micronutrients are legally defined in such a way that does not distinguish between different forms, and that fortified foods often have nutrients in a balance that would not occur naturally. For example, in the U.S., food is fortified with folic acid, which

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3900-524: The center's vegetarian regimen, Kellogg experimented with granola. Soon afterwards he began to experiment with wheat, resulting in a lighter, flakier product. In 1891 he acquired a patent and then in 1895 he launched the Cornflakes brand, which overnight captured a national market. Soon there were forty rival manufacturers in the Battle Creek area. His brother William K. Kellogg (1860–1951) worked for him for many years until, in 1906, he broke away, bought

3975-590: The century, the Seventh-day Adventists based in Michigan made these food reforms part of their religion, and non-meat breakfasts were featured in their sanitariums and led to new breakfast cereals. Ferdinand Schumacher , a German immigrant , began the cereals revolution in 1854 with a hand oats grinder in the back room of a small store in Akron, Ohio . His German Mills American Oatmeal Company

4050-530: The city of Battle Creek, Michigan , is nicknamed the "Cereal Capital of the World". Muesli is a breakfast cereal based on uncooked rolled oats , fruit, and nuts. It was developed around 1900 by the Swiss physician Maximilian Bircher-Benner for patients in his hospital. It is available in a packaged dry form such as Alpen or Familia Swiss Müesli, or it can be made fresh. In 1902, Force wheat flakes became

4125-545: The company White's has been milling oats in Tandragee since 1841. England has incorporated porridge in their culture for centuries. Many of the different types of porridge were made specially for the royal family including a type of porridge called "pea porridge". This specific dish was made for King Richard II. Consumption of breakfast cereal is under preliminary research for the potential to improve nutrition and affect chronic diseases. Regular breakfast cereal consumption

4200-451: The disease, later known as rickets , could also be cured by food. Their results showed that sunlight exposure and cod liver oil were the cure. It was not until the 1930s that vitamin D was actually linked to curing rickets. This discovery led to the fortification of common foods such as milk, margarine, and breakfast cereals in the USA and in some European countries (some of which later forbade

4275-495: The firm sold over 200 products, grossed over $ 500 million ($ 4.9 billion today), and claimed that eight million people ate Quaker Oats each day. Expansion included the acquisition of Aunt Jemima Mills Company in 1926, which continues as a leading brand of pancake mixes and syrup, the sport drink Gatorade in 1983, and in 1986, the Golden Grain Company, producers of Rice-A-Roni canned lunch food. In 2001 Quaker Oats

4350-586: The first pre-sweetened breakfast cereal of sugar-coated puffed wheat or rice, was introduced in the US in 1939. Kellogg's Sugar Smacks , created in 1953, had 56% sugar by weight. Different mascots were introduced, such as the Rice Krispies elves and later pop icons like Tony the Tiger and the Trix Rabbit . In the 1960s, the modern version of granola was invented and popularized. It evolved from

4425-584: The first ready-to-eat breakfast cereal introduced into the United Kingdom . The cereal, and the Sunny Jim character, achieved wide success in Britain, at its peak in 1930 selling 12.5 million packages in one year. Kellogg began the breakfast cereal marketing and introduced the first in-box prize in the early 1900s. Quaker Oats entered the market with Puffed Rice and Wheat Berries it had introduced at

4500-469: The incidence of nutrient deficiencies at the global level. As outlined by the FAO, the most commonly fortified foods are cereals and cereal-based products; milk and dairy products; fats and oils ; accessory food items; tea and other beverages; and infant formulas . Undernutrition and nutrient deficiency is estimated globally to cause the deaths of between 3 and 5 million people per year. Fortification

4575-460: The industry. Henry Parsons Crowell started operations in 1882, and John Robert Stuart in 1885. Crowell cut costs by consolidating every step of the processing—grading, cleaning, hulling, cutting, rolling, packaging, and shipping—in one factory operating at Ravenna, Ohio . Stuart operated mills in Chicago and Cedar Rapids, Iowa . Stuart and Crowell combined in 1885 and initiated a price war. After

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4650-401: The late 1800s. While there, he grew deeply impressed with their all-grain diet. Upon his release, he began experimenting with grain products, beginning with an all-grain coffee substitute called Postum. In 1897 (or 1898) he introduced Grape-nuts , the concentrated cereal with a nutty flavor (containing neither grapes nor nuts). Good business sense, determination, and powerful advertising produced

4725-555: The manufacturer, during cooking, or before eating. Porridge is especially popular in Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and England. Porridge became important in Scotland due to the freezing winters. The Scottish people prefer porridge to be made with only water and salt while other prefer creamier substances to be added. Wales had a perfect climate for cultivating oats making porridge common in Welsh households. Ireland mixes porridge with whiskey as

4800-500: The market to grow at a CAGR of 7.4% (in the next 5 years); it has had steady and continued growth throughout its history. Cereal grains, namely porridge (and especially oatmeal ), became an important breakfast component in North America. Barley was a commonly used grain, though other grains and yellow peas could be used. In many modern cultures, porridge is still eaten as a breakfast dish. Native Americans had found

4875-432: The nutritional benefits. Some companies promote their products for the health benefits that come from eating oat-based and high- fiber cereals. In the United States, cereals are often fortified with vitamins , but can still lack many of the vitamins needed for a healthful breakfast, and so initial marketing focused on making the new products "part of a complete breakfast". A significant proportion of packaged cereals have

4950-406: The overall cereal market declining due to reduced consumption of sugar and dairy products . Kellogg's and General Mills each had 30% of the market share for cold cereals. Honey Nut Cheerios was the leading cold cereal. The processing of grains helps to separate the bran and cereal germ , but may remove nutrients, such as B vitamins and dietary fiber. Processing is the modification of

5025-401: The pound to customers. Hoyt, who had found a distinctive process of preparing wheat for cereal, sold his cereal in boxes, offering consumers a more sanitary and consumer-friendly option. Packaged breakfast cereals were considerably more convenient than a product that had to be cooked, and as a result of this convenience (and clever marketing), they became popular. Battle Creek, Michigan , was

5100-531: The practice due to finding neonates suffering from vitamin D intoxication). Diseases associated with a vitamin D deficiency include rickets , osteoporosis , and certain types of cancer (breast, prostate, colon and ovaries). It has also been associated with increased risks for fractures, heart disease , type 2 diabetes , autoimmune and infectious diseases, asthma and other wheezing disorders, myocardial infarction , hypertension , congestive heart failure , and peripheral vascular disease . Although fluoride

5175-490: The rights to Cornflakes, and set up the Kellogg Toasted Corn Flake Company. William Kellogg discarded the health food concept, opting for heavy advertising and commercial taste appeal. Later, his signature on every package became the company trademark. The second major innovator in the cereal industry was Charles W. Post , a salesman who was admitted to Kellogg's sanitarium as a patient in

5250-411: The three original Froot Loop colors. He is portrayed as having an uncanny ability to smell Froot Loops from great distances and locates a concealed bowl of the cereal while intoning "Follow my nose! It always knows!" or "Follow my nose! For the fruity taste that shows!" Toucan Sam was first voiced by voice actor Mel Blanc , originally with an "American accent" and later by Maurice LaMarche , changing to

5325-437: The world suffer from iodine deficiency, and 38 million babies born every year are not protected from brain damage due to IDD."—Kul Gautam, Deputy Executive Director, UNICEF, October 2007 Iodised salt has been used in the United States since before World War II . It was discovered in 1821 that goiters could be treated by the use of iodized salts. However, it was not until 1916 that the use of iodized salts could be tested in

5400-848: Was itself bought out by PepsiCo . The first cold breakfast cereal, Granula (not to be confused with granola ), was invented in the United States in 1863 by James Caleb Jackson , operator of Our Home on the Hillside which was later replaced by the Jackson Sanatorium in Dansville, New York . The cereal never became popular, due to the inconvenient necessity of tenderizing the heavy bran and graham nuggets by soaking them overnight. George H. Hoyt created Wheatena circa 1879, during an era when retailers would typically buy cereal (the most popular being cracked wheat , oatmeal , and cerealine ) in barrel lots, and scoop it out to sell by

5475-611: Was prepared in a pressure cooker for rolling and then dried in an electric oven. By 1925, Wheaties had become the "Breakfast of Champions". In 1928, four milling companies consolidated as the General Mills Company in Minneapolis. The new firm expanded packaged food sales with heavy advertising, including sponsorship of radio programs such as " Skippy ", " Jack Armstrong, The All-American Boy ", and baseball games. Jack Dempsey , Johnny Weissmuller , and others verified

5550-482: Was solely for when the supplemental micronutrient had a national deficiency and that the food chosen to provide that nutrient was consumed by enough of the population to make a change. This policy also emphasized the importance of clinical data, a shift from earlier policies which relied on dietary data alone. The 2002 farm bill (P.L. 107–171, Sec. 3013) requires the Administrator of USAID , in consultation with

5625-553: Was the nation's first commercial oatmeal manufacturer. He marketed the product locally as a substitute for breakfast pork. Improved production technology (steel cutters, porcelain rollers, improved hullers), combined with an influx of German and Irish immigrants, quickly boosted sales and profits. In 1877, Schumacher adopted the Quaker symbol, the first registered trademark for a breakfast cereal. The acceptance of " horse food" for human consumption encouraged other entrepreneurs to enter

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