54-602: The Futurist Theatre was a theatre and cinema in Scarborough , North Yorkshire , England. It was located on Foreshore Road, on the sea front of the South Bay. The Futurist Theatre was built to the design of Scarborough architect Frank A. Tugwell and opened on 27 June 1921 as a cine-variety theatre operated by William Catlin (Catlin Entertainments Ltd). The Futurist could seat 2,393. Originally it boasted
108-474: A grandiose, ornate façade of robust, self-cleaning white glazed Carraraware tiles, the design of Henry Doulton , although this was later obscured during spring 1968 by a 'facelift' of rectangular plain yellow cladding. However, once the cladding was removed (under cover) around 2018, the tiles were judged to still be in a reasonable condition for their age. Its fitting out included an Abbott and Smith 3 Manual 45 stop organ, played by Horace Shepherd. By
162-458: A licence to go into a large-scale commercial operation from 2019. SeaGrown have an intent to move into the bioplastics market. The tourism trade continues to be a major part of the local economy with Scarborough being the second most-visited destination in England by British holidaymakers. While weekend and mid-week-break trade are tending to replace the traditional week-long family holiday,
216-449: A mix of quality hotels and flats. The ITV television drama The Royal and its recent spin-off series, The Royal Today were both filmed in the area. The South Bay has the largest illuminated 'star disk' anywhere in the UK. It is 85 ft (26 m) across and fitted with subterranean lights representing the 42 brightest stars and major constellations that can be seen from Scarborough in
270-641: A more pedestrian-friendly promenade, street lighting and seating. The town was badly damaged in a 98 plane bombing raid by the Luftwaffe during the Second World War , on 18 March 1941. Twenty eight civilians were killed and hundreds were injured and over 1,400 buildings were damaged. The South Cliff Promenade above the Spa and South Cliff Gardens has wide views of the South Bay and old town. Its splendid Regency and Victorian terraces are still intact, with
324-626: A natural space for picnics, fishing and walkers. In 2012 a new snack bar was built alongside the Mere. The lake is now part of the Oliver's Mount Country Park and the Hispaniola now sails out of Scarborough harbour during the summer season. Surrounding the River Derwent as it flows into the sea are high hills with tall, dense grasses and fertile soil, due to the stream ' Sea Cut ' leading from
378-589: A new boat house was added in 2018. For many years a mock maritime battle (based on the Battle of the River Plate ) has been regularly re-enacted on the boating lake with large model boats and fireworks throughout the summer holiday season. Northstead Manor Gardens include the North Bay Railway and three other attractions: a water chute, a boating lake with boats for hire during the summer season and
432-539: A number of Royal Navy vessels, including HMS Apollo , HMS Fearless and HMS Duncan . The town has an Anglican church, St Martin-on-the-Hill , built in 1862–63 as the parish church of South Cliff. It contains works by Dante Gabriel Rossetti , William Morris , Edward Burne-Jones and Ford Madox Brown . A young Malton architect, John Gibson, designed the Crown Spa Hotel , Scarborough's first purpose-built hotel. Notable Georgian structures include
486-698: A smaller market on the South Bay. Boyes (based on the town's outskirts in Eastfield ) is a discount department store chain which has over 70 stores across principally the north of England and in the English East Midlands with a flagship shop on Queen Street. Manufacturers based in Scarborough include the Plaxton Company (a division of Alexander Dennis ) which has been building coaches and buses since 1907. Sirius Minerals , which
540-405: A theme of time: four towers represent the seasons, 12 floors the months, 52 chimneys the weeks and the original 365 bedrooms represented the days of the year. A blue plaque outside the hotel marks where the novelist Anne Brontë died in 1849. She was buried in the graveyard of St Mary's Church by the castle. An amount of 20th century architecture exists within the main shopping district and in
594-450: A tourist destination. Residents of the town are known as Scarborians. Scarborough was founded by Danes in the 10th century, when Thorgil (also known as Skarthi, meaning 'hare-lip') built a stronghold here – hence 'Skarthi's burh'. The town is claimed to have been founded around 966 AD as Skarðaborg [ˈskɑrðɑˌborɡ] by Thorgils Skarthi , a Viking raider. There is no archaeological evidence to support this claim, which
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#1732780618210648-580: Is developing a potash mine near Whitby, has its headquarters in Scarborough. McCain Foods has a factory in the town for over 50 years, and sponsored the previous football stadium . Scarborough power station supplied electricity to the town and the surrounding area from 1893 to 1958. It was owned and operated by the Scarborough Electric Supply Company Limited from 1893 to 1925, then by Scarborough Corporation until
702-403: Is far above sea level compared to the immediate coastline, where the climate is likely slightly milder year round. Scarborough's fishing industry is still active, though much reduced in size. The working harbour is home to a fish market including a shop and wooden stalls where fresh, locally-caught seafood can be purchased by the public. A seaweed farm has been in operation since 2018, with
756-567: Is for a fish weighing 851 lb (386 kg) caught off Scarborough in 1933 by Laurie Mitchell-Henry. On 5 June 1993, Scarborough made international headlines when a landslip caused part of the Holbeck Hall Hotel , along with its gardens, to fall into the sea. Although the slip was shored up with rocks and the land has long since grassed over, evidence of the cliff's collapse remains clearly visible from The Esplanade, near Shuttleworth Gardens. Scarborough has been affiliated with
810-643: Is the eastern terminus of the York-Scarborough line , part of the North TransPennine route. TransPennine Express operates an hourly service to York , with alternate trains continuing on to Leeds and Manchester Piccadilly . Northern Trains operates a service to Hull on the Yorkshire Coast Line . It has the longest station seat in the world at 152 yards (139 m) in length. The town used to be connected to Whitby , via
864-490: Is unique in Britain and extends over an area of about the size of two tennis courts. It included a bathhouse and a cylindrical tower with rooms radiating from it. The buildings were “designed by the highest-quality architects in northern Europe in the era and constructed by the finest craftsmen.” Historic England described the finds as “one of the most important Roman discoveries in the past decade.” There are plans to revise
918-463: The First World War . The promontory divides the seafront into two bays, north and south. The two bays are linked by Marine Drive, an extensive Victorian promenade, built around the base of the headland. Both bays have popular sandy beaches and numerous rock-pools at low tide. The South Bay was the site of the original medieval settlement and harbour, which form the old town. This remains
972-525: The North Riding of Yorkshire , the town lies between 10 and 230 feet (3–70 m) above sea level, from the harbour rising steeply north and west towards limestone cliffs. The older part of the town lies around the harbour and is protected by a rocky headland which extends into the North Sea . The town has fishing and service industries, including a growing digital and creative economy, as well as being
1026-796: The Rotunda Museum , Cliff Bridge and Scarborough Pier Lighthouse . Victorian buildings include the Classical Public Library and Market Hall, the Town Hall , Scarborough Spa , the Art Gallery , the South Cliff Methodist Church, and Scarborough railway station . The architecture of Scarborough generally consists of small, low, orange pantile -roofed buildings in the historic old town, and larger Classical and late Victorian buildings reflecting
1080-527: The 13th to the 18th century, and is commemorated in the song Scarborough Fair : Scarborough and its castle changed hands seven times between Royalists and Parliamentarians during the English Civil War of the 1640s, enduring two lengthy and violent sieges. Following the civil war, much of the town lay in ruins. In 1626, Mrs Thomasin Farrer discovered a stream of acidic water running from one of
1134-568: The 1980s, Scarborough Borough Council took over the property and leased the theatre to Apollo Leisure Ltd (UK), which ran it until September 2002. In December 2002, Barrie C. Stead , who also runs the Hollywood Plaza cinema, took over the Futurist and refurbished the theatre and cinema, installing new projectors, DTS sound system and a new CinemaScope screen. Annually, the theatre predominately maintained consistent acts throughout
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#17327806182101188-694: The 2008 Enterprising Britain competition, with representatives from Woodend Creative Workspace and Scarborough-based Electric Angel Design representing the town in the Yorkshire and Humber regional heats. In the finals in London on 16 October 2008, Scarborough won the title of Britain's Most Enterprising Town, and subsequently went on to win the European Enterprise Awards as Great Britain's representative, on 13 May 2009 in Prague . In 2010
1242-707: The A64 and A165. Buses run from each terminus to the town centre and South Bay at least every 12 minutes, seven days a week, with stopping points around the town centre. Buses from the Filey Road terminus on the A165 also stop at the University of Hull 's Scarborough campus. Open top tourist buses, branded Beachcomber , also run along the sea front and Marine Drive, linking the South and North bays. Scarborough railway station
1296-580: The British Tunny Club, was founded in 1933 and set up its headquarters in the town at the place which is now a restaurant with the same name. Scarborough became a resort for high society. A women's world tuna challenge cup was held for many years. Colonel (and, later, Sir) Edward Peel landed a world-record tunny of 798 lb (362 kg), capturing the record by 40 lb (18.1 kg) from one caught off Nova Scotia by American champion Zane Grey . The British record which still stands
1350-582: The River Derwent to the estuary at the North Sea. The area has flourishing and vibrant flora and crop growth. The climate is temperate with mild summers and cool, windy, winters. The hottest months of the year are July and August, with temperatures reaching an average high of 17 °C and falling to 11 °C at night. The average daytime temperatures in January are 4 °C, falling to 1 °C at night. The station's elevation of 110 m (360 ft)
1404-405: The beaches and attractions are busy throughout summer, a contrast to quieter winter months. Scarborough's town centre has a multiple boutique shops (such as on Bar Street and St Thomas Street) with a main pedestrianised shopping street and a shopping centre with many major chains. The town also has an indoor market hall with a large range of antique shops and independent traders in its vaults, and
1458-615: The bookseller Andrew Millar and his family. Their son Andrew junior died there in 1750. The coming of the Scarborough–York railway in 1845 increased the tide of visitors. Scarborough railway station claims a record for the world's longest platform seat. From the 1880s until the First World War, Scarborough was one of the regular destinations for The Bass Excursions , when fifteen trains would take between 8,000 and 9,000 employees of Bass's Burton brewery on an annual trip to
1512-612: The building. Demolition of the building began in June 2018 and was completed in August 2018. The demolition and associated land works cost local taxpayers £3.91 million. Plans for a new FlamingoLand attraction on the site were revealed in February 2019. Gordon Gibb , Chief Executive of Flamingoland, announced in January 2022 that the company had reluctantly withdrawn its interest in the site, due to differences in development plans between
1566-401: The cliffs to the south of the town. This gave birth to Scarborough Spa , and Dr Robert Wittie's book about the spa waters published in 1660 attracted a flood of visitors to the town. Scarborough Spa became Britain 's first seaside resort, though the first rolling bathing machines were not reported on the sands until 1735. It was a popular getaway destination for the wealthy of London, such as
1620-451: The closure of the adjacent Arcadia Theatre, which became a lounge. A new Todd-AO system integrated in May 1968 allowed the Futurist to begin showing films again. Around the same time, a balcony was mounted above the circle allowing the theatre to accommodate 2,155 seats. The Futurist had the twelfth-largest capacity of a theatre in the country, and the fifth-largest outside London. During
1674-468: The company and the local council. Scarborough, North Yorkshire Scarborough ( / ˈ s k ɑːr b r ə / ) is a seaside town in the district and county of North Yorkshire , England. With a population of 61,749, Scarborough is the largest town on the Yorkshire Coast and the fourth-largest settlement in the county. It is located on the North Sea coastline. Historically in
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1728-470: The end of 1929, a Western Electric sound system had been installed to the cinema, and 1954 saw the addition of a CinemaScope and 38-feet wide screen. Plans for a radical stage redesign by Captain J. H. Ritson were approved in early November 1957, stretching it a further four feet into the auditorium. Extra dressing rooms were to be positioned on the roof of the Arcadia/Palladium next door and
1782-465: The fifth and ninth centuries would have been burned to the ground by a band of Vikings under Tostig Godwinson (a rival of Thorgils Skarthi ), Lord of Falsgrave, or Harald III of Norway . These periodic episodes of destruction and massacre means that very little evidence of settlement during this period remained to be recorded in the Domesday survey of 1085. (The original inland village of Falsgrave
1836-509: The form of surrounding suburbs. Buildings from this century include the Futurist Theatre (1914), Stephen Joseph Theatre , Brunswick Shopping Centre (1990), and GCHQ Scarborough , a satellite station on the outskirts of the town. The North Bay has traditionally been the more peaceful end of the resort and is home to Peasholm Park which, in June 2007, was restored to its Japanese-themed glory, complete with reconstructed pagoda ,
1890-477: The hospital but promised to maintain the site's Accident and Emergency department. A new £47 million Emergency Department is under construction and is due to open in early 2024. The town's built-up area population was 61,749 in the 2011 UK census , most of the Newby and Scalby civil parish population was included in the area. Its unparished area has a larger population than the rest of parished areas of
1944-491: The housing development layout, recover the remains and incorporate them in a public green area. Historic England is to recommend the remains be protected as a scheduled monument. Scarborough recovered under King Henry II , who built an Angevin stone castle on the headland and granted the town charters in 1155 and 1163, permitting a market on the sands and establishing rule by burgesses . Edward II granted Scarborough Castle to his favourite, Piers Gaveston . The castle
1998-411: The main tourist area, with a sandy beach, cafés, amusements, arcades, theatres and entertainment facilities. The modern commercial town centre has migrated 440 yd (400 m) north-west of the harbour area and 100 ft (30 m) above it and contains the transport hubs, main services, shopping and nightlife. The harbour has undergone major regeneration including the new Albert Strange Pontoons,
2052-410: The months of July and August. In the winter of 2011, the Futurist managed to attract over 16,000 people during eight sell-out performances of Calendar Girls produced by Dafydd Rogers and David Pugh . The theatre closed on 6 January 2014 after the operator's lease expired. On 9 January 2017, Scarborough Borough Council voted to demolish the theatre, by the narrowest of margins (22–21). The decision
2106-525: The nationalisation of utilities by the Attlee ministry in 1948. The coal-fired power station had an electricity generating capacity of 7 MW prior to its closure in October 1958. Creative industries have been cited as playing a vital role in the regeneration of Scarborough; a report in 2005 estimated that they comprised 19% of the town's economy. They were also a major focus of Scarborough's winning entry in
2160-453: The northern skies. To the south-west of the town, beside the York to Scarborough railway line , is an ornamental lake known as Scarborough Mere . In the 20th century the Mere was a popular park, with rowing boats, canoes and a miniature pirate ship – the Hispaniola – on which passengers were taken to 'Treasure Island' to dig for doubloons. Since the late 1990s the Mere has been redesigned as
2214-474: The oldest operational diesel-hydraulic locomotive in the world. Neptune was built in 1931 by Hudswell Clarke of Leeds and is appropriately numbered 1931. The most striking feature of the town's geography is the high rocky promontory pointing eastward into the North Sea with Scarborough Castle on the top. The castle was bombarded by the German warships SMS Derfflinger and SMS Von der Tann in
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2268-468: The open-air theatre . The water chute is now grade II listed and is one of the oldest surviving water chutes in Britain, with the ride of today being the same as when it was opened in the 1930s. The North Bay Railway is a miniature railway running from near Peasholm Park, through Northstead Manor Gardens to the Sea Life Centre at Scalby Mills. The North Bay Railway has what is believed to be
2322-489: The organ removed. This was undertaken from September 1958 once the twice nightly 'The Cyril Stapleton Band Show' had finished and although Plaxtons Builders kept at it 24 hours a day in the final weeks, they still overran – allowing the next summer production a single stage rehearsal before its opening night! During this redevelopment, film showings ceased. Another dramatic change came about during late 1966/early 1967, courtesy of architects Cassidy, Farrington & Dennys, when
2376-613: The seaside. During the First World War , the town was bombarded by German warships of the High Seas Fleet , an act which shocked the British (see Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby ). Scarborough Pier Lighthouse , built in 1806, was damaged in the attack. A U-boat assault on the town, on 25 September 1916 saw three people killed and a further five injured. Eleven of Scarborough's trawler fleet were sunk at sea in another U-boat attack, on 4 September 1917. In 1929,
2430-405: The stage was lengthened 15 feet backward into the former Arcadia/Palladium auditorium, which also added a stage tower. The Beatles performed there twice, on 11 December 1963 and on 9 August 1964. The popular The Black and White Minstrel Show performed there many times when it was owned (between 1966 and 1974) by Robert Luff , the producer of the stage version. The extension to the stage meant
2484-405: The steam drifter Ascendent caught a 560 lb (250 kg) tunny ( Atlantic bluefin tuna ) and a Scarborough showman awarded the crew 50 shillings so he could exhibit it as a tourist attraction. Big-game tunny fishing off Scarborough effectively started in 1930 when Lorenzo "Lawrie" Mitchell–Henry, landed a tunny caught on rod and line weighing 560 lb (250 kg). A gentlemen's club,
2538-525: The time during the 19th century as it expanded away from its historic centre into a coastal spa resort. A notable landmark in the town is the Grand Hotel on St Nicholas Cliff. Designed by Cuthbert Brodrick of Hull, it was completed in 1867; at the time of its opening, it was the largest hotel and the largest brick structure in Europe. It uses local yellow brickwork with red detailing and is based around
2592-504: The town was the winner of the 'Great Town Award', as nominated by the Academy of Urbanism, beating Chester and Cambridge respectively. Scarborough Hospital is the local district general NHS hospital. It is run by the York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , and is the largest employer in the area employing over 2,400 staff. A review of acute healthcare in the town in 2019 identified problems recruiting staff at
2646-521: The town; these also link it to other major towns and cities: Scarborough has 25 main bus routes, operated by Scarborough Locals , Arriva North East , Shoreline Suncruisers and Yorkshire Coastliner . These link the town centre with its suburbs, the North York Moors and local towns and cities such as Bridlington , Whitby , York , Hull , Middlesbrough and Leeds . The town is also served by two Park and Ride services, with locations on
2700-424: The wider Borough of Scarborough , including the coastal towns of Whitby and Filey . The borough as a whole has a population of around 108,000; during the peak season, tourism can double these figures. 7.5% of the population are aged over 60, compared with an average of 20.9% nationally. Only 21.9% of the population are aged between 20 and 39, compared to 28.1% nationally. Scarborough has four major roads serving
2754-484: Was Anglo-Saxon rather than Viking.) A Roman signal station was built on a cliff-top location overlooking the North Sea. It was one of a chain of signal stations, built to warn of sea-raiders. Coins found at the site show that it was occupied from c. AD 370 until the early fifth century. In 2021 an excavation at a housing development in Eastfield , Scarborough, revealed a Roman luxury villa, religious sanctuary, or combination of both. The building layout
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#17327806182102808-488: Was a controversial one, as not all the councillors voted, and many locals and visitors alike, would have preferred the venue to be saved, restored and modernised. The building was demolished by August 2018. The fate of the site is uncertain. However, interest has been shown from the Flamingoland group, who gave a large donation to the incumbent conservative party prior to the ramping up of the parties campaign to demolish
2862-470: Was made during the 1960s as part of a pageant of Scarborough events. The claim is based on a fragment of an Icelandic Saga . However, due to coastal erosion over the years, evidence may have been lost to the sea. In the 4th century, there was briefly a Roman signal station on Scarborough headland, and there is evidence of earlier settlements, during the Stone Age and Bronze Age . Any settlement between
2916-754: Was subsequently besieged by forces led by the barons Percy, Warenne, Clifford and Pembroke. Gaveston was captured and taken to Oxford and thence to Warwick Castle for execution. In 1318, the town was burnt by the Scots , under Sir James Douglas following the Capture of Berwick upon Tweed . In the Middle Ages , Scarborough Fair , permitted in a royal charter of 1253, held a six-week trading festival attracting merchants from all over Europe. It ran from Assumption Day , 15 August, until Michaelmas Day , 29 September. The fair continued to be held for 500 years, from
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