68-628: [REDACTED] Look up fuller in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Fuller or Fuller's may refer to: People [ edit ] Fuller (surname) A fuller, a worker who cleanses wool through the process of fulling Fuller (artist) , a British artist known for making map art and intricate drawings Places [ edit ] Fuller, Kansas , an unincorporated community in Crawford County, United States Fuller, Michigan ,
136-526: A comma, and items are alphabetized by the last name. In France, Italy, Spain, Belgium and Latin America, administrative usage is to put the surname before the first on official documents. In most Balto-Slavic languages (such as Latvian, Lithuanian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Polish, Slovak, Czech, etc.) as well as in Greek , Irish, Icelandic , and Azerbaijani , some surnames change form depending on
204-578: A famous ancestor, or the place of origin; but they were not universal. For example, Hunayn ibn Ishaq (fl. 850 AD) was known by the nisbah "al-'Ibadi", a federation of Arab Christian tribes that lived in Mesopotamia prior to the advent of Islam . In Ancient Greece, as far back as the Archaic Period clan names and patronymics ("son of") were also common, as in Aristides as Λῡσῐμᾰ́χου –
272-731: A former community in Michigan Fuller, Pennsylvania , an unincorporated community, United States Fuller Lake , a body of water in Pennsylvania, United States Companies [ edit ] Fuller's Brewery in London, England, United Kingdom Fuller Brush Company Fuller's Coffee Shop , a coffee shop in Oregon, United States H.B. Fuller , an adhesives manufacturing company in St. Paul, Minnesota Fuller Manufacturing ,
340-763: A founder of the colony at Plymouth, Massachusetts Thomas Fuller (writer) (1654–1734), English physician and collector of adages in his Gnomologia Military [ edit ] Aaron Fuller (military) (1738–1816), American military officer Ben Hebard Fuller (1870–1937), American general and 15th Commandant of the Marine Corps Edward Fuller (U.S. Marine Corps officer) (1893–1918), American officer and son of Ben Hebard Fuller Horace H. Fuller (1886–1966), American soldier J. F. C. Fuller (1878–1966), British general and military historian John W. Fuller (1827–1891), American general Thomas G. Fuller (1908–1994), Canadian captain in
408-464: A genitive singular form meaning son of Lysimachus. For example, Alexander the Great was known as Heracleides , as a supposed descendant of Heracles , and by the dynastic name Karanos / Caranus , which referred to the founder of the dynasty to which he belonged . These patronymics are already attested for many characters in the works of Homer . At other times formal identification commonly included
476-488: A groove in a knife or sword blade to lighten and stiffen the blade USS Fuller , the name of two ships of the U.S. Navy See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Search for "Fuller" on Misplaced Pages. All pages with titles beginning with Fuller All pages with titles containing fuller All pages with titles containing fuller's Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
544-619: A number of sources, was an English nickname meaning "effeminate". A group of nicknames look like occupational ones: King , Bishop , Abbot , Sheriff , Knight , etc. but it is rather unlikely that a person with surname King was a king or descended from a king. Bernard Deacon suggests that the first nickname/surname bearer may have acted as a king or bishop, or was corpulent as bishop. etc. A considerable group of surname-producing nicknames may be found among ethnonymic surnames . Ornamental surnames are made up of names, not specific to any attribute (place, parentage, occupation, caste) of
612-736: A surname tradition. Ornamental surnames are more common in communities that adopted (or were forced to adopt) surnames in the 18th and 19th centuries. They occur commonly in Scandinavia, and among Sinti and Roma and Jews in Germany and Austria. During the era of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade many Africans were given new names by their masters. Many of the family names of many African-Americans have their origins in slavery ( i.e. slave name ). Some freed slaves later created family names themselves. Another category of acquired names
680-534: A transmission manufacturing company acquired by the Eaton Corporation in 1958 Fuller Theological Seminary , in Pasadena, California, United States Other uses [ edit ] Fuller calculator , an advanced cylindrical slide rule with a helical scale Fuller's earth , clay used for filtering and purifying Fuller (metalworking) , a tool used to form metal when hot Fuller (weapon) ,
748-602: Is Velbienė , and his unmarried daughter, Velbaitė . Many surnames include prefixes that may or may not be separated by a space or punctuation from the main part of the surname. These are usually not considered true compound names, rather single surnames are made up of more than one word. These prefixes often give hints about the type or origin of the surname (patronymic, toponymic, notable lineage) and include words that mean from [a place or lineage], and son of/daughter of/child of. The common Celtic prefixes "Ó" or "Ua" (descendant of) and "Mac" or "Mag" (son of) can be spelled with
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#1732772641524816-521: Is foundlings names. Historically, children born to unwed parents or extremely poor parents would be abandoned in a public place or anonymously placed in a foundling wheel . Such abandoned children might be claimed and named by religious figures, the community leaders, or adoptive parents. Some such children were given surnames that reflected their condition, like (Italian) Esposito , Innocenti , Della Casagrande , Trovato , Abbandonata, or (Dutch) Vondeling, Verlaeten, Bijstand. Other children were named for
884-488: Is a traditional, although common, interpretation, since in most countries a person has a right for a name change . Depending on culture, the surname may be placed at either the start of a person's name, or at the end. The number of surnames given to an individual also varies: in most cases it is just one, but in Portuguese-speaking countries and many Spanish-speaking countries, two surnames (one inherited from
952-546: Is also customary for the Baltic Finnic peoples and the Hungarians , but other Uralic peoples traditionally did not have surnames, perhaps because of the clan structure of their societies. The Samis , depending on the circumstances of their names, either saw no change or did see a transformation of their name. For example: Sire in some cases became Siri, and Hætta Jáhkoš Ásslat became Aslak Jacobsen Hætta – as
1020-545: Is also the name of one of Japan's prefectures ), Yamamoto (山本) means "the base of the mountain", and Inoue (井上) means "above the well". Arabic names sometimes contain surnames that denote the city of origin. For example, in cases of Saddam Hussein al Tikriti, meaning Saddam Hussein originated from Tikrit , a city in Iraq . This component of the name is called a nisbah . The meanings of some names are unknown or unclear. The most common European name in this category may be
1088-659: Is also the case in Cambodia and among the Hmong of Laos and Thailand . The Telugu people of south India also place surname before personal name. There are some parts of Europe, in particular Hungary , where the surname is placed before the personal name. Since family names are normally written last in European societies, the terms last name or surname are commonly used for the family name, while in Japan (with vertical writing)
1156-523: Is called onomastics . While the use of given names to identify individuals is attested in the oldest historical records, the advent of surnames is relatively recent. Many cultures have used and continue to use additional descriptive terms in identifying individuals. These terms may indicate personal attributes, location of origin, occupation, parentage, patronage, adoption, or clan affiliation. In China, according to legend, family names started with Emperor Fu Xi in 2000 BC. His administration standardised
1224-408: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Surname A surname , family name , or last name is the mostly hereditary portion of one's personal name that indicates one's family. It is typically combined with a given name to form the full name of a person, although several given names and surnames are possible in the full name. In modern times the "hereditary" requirement
1292-413: Is placed before personal / first name and in most cases it is only shown as an initial (for example 'S.' for Suryapeth). In English and other languages like Spanish—although the usual order of names is "first middle last"—for the purpose of cataloging in libraries and in citing the names of authors in scholarly papers, the order is changed to "last, first middle," with the last and first names separated by
1360-680: The Arab world , the use of patronymics is well attested. The famous scholar Rhazes ( c. 865–925 AD ) is referred to as "al-Razi" (lit. the one from Ray) due to his origins from the city of Ray , Iran. In the Levant , surnames were in use as early as the High Middle Ages and it was common for people to derive their surname from a distant ancestor, and historically the surname would be often preceded with 'ibn' or 'son of'. Arab family names often denote either one's tribe , profession ,
1428-523: The surname Fuller . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fuller_(surname)&oldid=1234543070 " Categories : Surnames English-language surnames Occupational surnames English-language occupational surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
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#17327726415241496-600: The -is suffix will have the -i suffix. Latvian, like Lithuanian, uses strictly feminized surnames for women, even in the case of foreign names. The function of the suffix is purely grammatical. Male surnames ending -e or -a need not be modified for women. Exceptions are: In Iceland, surnames have a gender-specific suffix (-dóttir = daughter, -son = son). This was also the case in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, until they were abolished by law in 1856, 1923, and 1966 respectively. Finnish used gender-specific suffixes up to 1929 when
1564-475: The 11th century by the barons in England. English surnames began as a way of identifying a certain aspect of that individual, such as by trade, father's name, location of birth, or physical features, and were not necessarily inherited. By 1400 most English families, and those from Lowland Scotland, had adopted the use of hereditary surnames. The study of proper names (in family names, personal names, or places)
1632-1007: The American Civil War Alvan T. Fuller (1878–1958), American politician from Massachusetts, father of Peter D. Fuller Charles Eugene Fuller (1849–1926), American congressman for Illinois Claude A. Fuller (1876–1968), American congressman for Arkansas David Fuller (politician) (1941–2022), American politician, Montana state senator DuFay A. Fuller (1852–1924), American businessman and politician in Illinois, brother of Charles Eugene Fuller George Fuller (Australian politician) (1861–1940), twice Premier of New South Wales, Australia George Fuller (British politician) (1833–1927), British Liberal politician George Fuller (congressman) (1802–1888), American congressman for Pennsylvania Lon L. Fuller (1902–1978), American legal philosopher Mad Jack Fuller (1757–1834), English politician, philanthropist and patron of
1700-535: The American fantasy sitcom Out of This World Fuller (disambiguation) Fullmer Fullerton (disambiguation) References [ edit ] ^ Browne, W.A.F.; Reaney, P.H.; Wilson, R.M.; Scull, A. (1991). A Dictionary of English Surnames . Tavistock classics in the history of psychiatry. Routledge. p. 1244. ISBN 978-0-415-05737-0 . Retrieved 26 August 2018 . [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
1768-533: The Eastern Roman Empire, however it was not until the 11th century that surnames came to be used in West Europe. Medieval Spain used a patronymic system. For example, Álvaro, a son of Rodrigo, would be named Álvaro Rodríguez. His son, Juan, would not be named Juan Rodríguez, but Juan Álvarez. Over time, many of these patronymics became family names, and they are some of the most common names in
1836-1279: The Fuller , Patriarch of Antioch Reginald C. Fuller (1908–2011), British priest and biblical scholar Thomas Fuller (1608–1661), English cleric and historian, author of Worthies of England Science and technology [ edit ] Alison Fuller , British educational researcher Calvin Fuller (1902–1994), American physical chemist, inventor of the solar cell Claude Fuller (entomologist) (1872–1928), Australian-born entomologist in South Africa Edgar Fuller , American mathematician George M. Fuller (born 1953), American physicist George W. Fuller (1868–1934), sanitary engineer Gerald Fuller (born 1953), American chemical engineer Sports [ edit ] Baseball [ edit ] Dave Fuller (1915–2009), American college baseball coach Ed Fuller (1869–1935), American baseball pitcher Frank Fuller (baseball) (1893–1965), American baseball player Harry Fuller (baseball) (1862–1895), American baseball player, brother of Shorty Fuller Jim Fuller (outfielder) (born 1950), American baseball player Jimmy Fuller (1892–1987), American baseball player in
1904-574: The Irish name Ryan , which means 'little king' in Irish. Also, Celtic origin of the name Arthur, meaning ' bear '. Other surnames may have arisen from more than one source: the name De Luca , for instance, likely arose either in or near Lucania or in the family of someone named Lucas or Lucius; in some instances, however, the name may have arisen from Lucca, with the spelling and pronunciation changing over time and with emigration. The same name may appear in different cultures by coincidence or romanization;
1972-519: The Marriage Act forced women to use the husband's form of the surname. In 1985, this clause was removed from the act. Until at least 1850, women's surnames were suffixed with an -in in Tyrol. Some Slavic cultures originally distinguished the surnames of married and unmarried women by different suffixes, but this distinction is no longer widely observed. Some Czech dialects (Southwest-Bohemian) use
2040-4147: The Negro leagues John Fuller (born 1950), American baseball player Nig Fuller (born Charles F. Furrer; 1878–1937), American baseball player Ryan Fuller (born 1990), American baseball coach Shorty Fuller (1867–1904), American baseball player, brother of Harry Fuller Vern Fuller (born 1944), American baseball player Cricket [ edit ] Dickie Fuller (1913–1987), Jamaican cricketer Donald Fuller (1869–1936), New Zealand cricketer Eddie Fuller (1931–2008), South African cricketer Edwin Fuller (1850–1917), New Zealand cricketer Football (gridiron) [ edit ] Aaron Fuller (American football) (born 1997), American football player Devin Fuller (born 1994), American football player Jeff Fuller (safety) (born 1962), American football player Jordan Fuller (born 1998), American football player Steve Fuller (American football) (born 1957), American football quarterback Football (soccer) [ edit ] Barry Fuller (born 1984), English footballer Keysher Fuller (born 1994), Costa Rican footballer Ricardo Fuller (born 1979), Jamaican footballer Sarah Fuller (athlete) (born 1999), American soccer goalkeeper Other [ edit ] Aaron Fuller (basketball) (born 1989), American basketball player Abigail Fuller (born 1959/1960), American Thoroughbred horse jockey Danny Fuller (surfer) (born 1982), American surfer, photographer, artist and model Debbie Fuller (born 1966), Canadian diver Freddy Stephen Fuller , Canadian boxer Jeff Fuller (racing driver) (born 1957), American racing driver Nikki Fuller (born 1968), American bodybuilder and actress Peter D. Fuller (1923–2012), American Thoroughbred owner and businessman, father of Abigail Fuller Rick Fuller (born 1967), American wrestler Wendy Fuller (born 1965), Canadian diver Writing [ edit ] Alexandra Fuller (born 1969), British writer Bryan Fuller (born 1969), American screenwriter Charles Fuller (1939–2022), American playwright Errol Fuller (born 1947), English author of several books on extinction Henry B. Fuller (1857–1929), writer J. Fuller , publisher in 18th century England Jean Overton Fuller (1915–2009), British biographer John Fuller (poet) (born 1937), English poet John G. Fuller , (1913–1990), American author Margaret Fuller (1810–1850), American journalist and women's rights activist Peter Fuller (1948–1990), British art critic and writer Roy Fuller (1912–1991), English poet, father of poet John Fuller Uriah Fuller, pen name used by American mathematician Martin Gardner Other [ edit ] Aaron Fuller (disambiguation) , multiple people David Fuller (born 1954), British murderer and necrophile Doris Fuller (died 1962), American bridge player Edward Fuller (disambiguation) , multiple people Elizabeth Fuller (school founder) (1644–1709), British benefactress Ida Fuller (1854–1930), American co-founder of Sigma Kappa sorority Ida May Fuller (1874–1975), centenarian and first American recipient of social security Kyle Fuller (disambiguation) , multiple people Loie Fuller (1862–1928), American modern dance pioneer Maud A. B. Fuller (1868–1972), American educator and missionary Maxwell Fuller (1945–2013), Australian chess player Michael Fuller (born 1959), British chief constable Millard Fuller (1935–2009), American humanitarian Minnie Rutherford Fuller (1868–1946), American farmer, broker, temperance leader, suffragist Robert Fuller (disambiguation) , multiple people Sarah E. Fuller (1838–1913), national president, Woman's Relief Corps Steve Fuller (sociologist) (born 1959), American philosopher Victoria Fuller (model) (born 1970), American model William Fuller (disambiguation) , multiple people See also [ edit ] Chris Fuller, fictional character in
2108-732: The Netherlands (1795–1811), Japan (1870s), Thailand (1920), and Turkey (1934). The structure of the Japanese name was formalized by the government as family name + given name in 1868. In Breslau Prussia enacted the Hoym Ordinance in 1790, mandating the adoption of Jewish surnames. Napoleon also insisted on Jews adopting fixed names in a decree issued in 1808. Names can sometimes be changed to protect individual privacy (such as in witness protection ), or in cases where groups of people are escaping persecution. After arriving in
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2176-485: The Old English element tūn may have originally meant "enclosure" in one name, but can have meant "farmstead", "village", "manor", or "estate" in other names. Location names, or habitation names, may be as generic as "Monte" (Portuguese for "mountain"), "Górski" (Polish for "hill"), or "Pitt" (variant of "pit"), but may also refer to specific locations. "Washington", for instance, is thought to mean "the homestead of
2244-701: The Rosenkrantz ("rose wreath") family took their surname from a wreath of roses comprising the torse of their arms, and the Gyldenstierne ("golden star") family took theirs from a 7-pointed gold star on their shield. Subsequently, many middle-class Scandinavian families desired names similar to those of the nobles and adopted "ornamental" surnames as well. Most other naming traditions refer to them as "acquired". They might be given to people newly immigrated, conquered, or converted, as well as those with unknown parentage, formerly enslaved, or from parentage without
2312-1391: The Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve; recipient of a Distinguished Service Cross and two bars in the Second World War , and whose company constructed several landmark buildings in Ottawa Wilfred Fuller (1893–1947), British soldier Stephen Fuller (1900–1984), Irish Fianna Fáil politician and former member of the Kilflynn IRA Flying column Music [ edit ] Aidan Fuller (born 2003), known as 347aidan , Canadian rapper Blind Boy Fuller (born Fulton Allen; 1904–1941), American blues guitarist and singer Bobby Fuller (1942–1966), American rock singer and guitarist Curtis Fuller (1932–2021), American jazz trombonist Jesse Fuller (1896–1976), American one-man-band musician Jim Fuller (musician) (1947–2017), American guitarist with The Surfaris Johnny Fuller (1929–1985), American blues singer and guitarist Joni Fuller (born 1991), British musician Rachel Fuller (born 1973), British musician Politics and law [ edit ] Allen C. Fuller (1822–1901), Attorney General of Illinois during
2380-557: The Spanish-speaking world today. Other sources of surnames are personal appearance or habit, e.g. Delgado ("thin") and Moreno ("dark"); geographic location or ethnicity, e.g. Alemán ("German"); and occupations, e.g. Molinero ("miller"), Zapatero ("shoe-maker") and Guerrero ("warrior"), although occupational names are much more often found in a shortened form referring to the trade itself, e.g. Molina ("mill"), Guerra ("war"), or Zapata (archaic form of zapato , "shoe"). In England
2448-642: The United States, European Jews who fled Nazi persecution sometimes anglicized their surnames to avoid discrimination. Governments can also forcibly change people's names, as when the National Socialist government of Germany assigned German names to European people in the territories they conquered. In the 1980s, the People's Republic of Bulgaria forcibly changed the first and last names of its Turkish citizens to Bulgarian names. These are
2516-705: The Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, family names were uncommon in the Eastern Roman Empire . In Western Europe, where Germanic culture dominated the aristocracy, family names were almost non-existent. They would not significantly reappear again in Eastern Roman society until the 10th century, apparently influenced by the familial affiliations of the Armenian military aristocracy. The practice of using family names spread through
2584-750: The arts Melville Fuller (1833–1910), eighth Chief Justice of the United States Oramel B. Fuller (1858–1935), American politician in Michigan Richard Fuller (Bedford MP) (born 1962), British politician Religion [ edit ] Andrew Fuller (1754–1815), British Baptist minister Charles E. Fuller (Baptist minister) (1887–1968), American preacher and founder of Fuller Theological Seminary George C. Fuller (1932–2021), American theologian and seminary president John Fuller (college head) (died 1558), Master of Jesus College, Cambridge (1557–1558) Peter
2652-513: The cities and the need for new arrivals to choose a defining surname. In Portuguese-speaking countries , it is uncommon, but not unprecedented, to find surnames derived from names of countries, such as Portugal, França, Brasil, Holanda. Surnames derived from country names are also found in English, such as "England", "Wales", "Spain". Some Japanese surnames derive from geographical features; for example, Ishikawa (石川) means "stone river" (and
2720-461: The family name may be referred to as "upper name" ( ue-no-namae ( 上の名前 ) ). When people from areas using Eastern naming order write their personal name in the Latin alphabet , it is common to reverse the order of the given and family names for the convenience of Westerners, so that they know which name is the family name for official/formal purposes. Reversing the order of names for the same reason
2788-591: The family of Wassa", while "Lucci" means "resident of Lucca ". Although some surnames, such as "London", "Lisboa", or "Białystok" are derived from large cities, more people reflect the names of smaller communities, as in Ó Creachmhaoil , derived from a village in County Galway . This is thought to be due to the tendency in Europe during the Middle Ages for migration to chiefly be from smaller communities to
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2856-634: The female form Nováková, the family name is Novákovi in Czech and Novákovci in Slovak. When the male form is Hrubý and the female form is Hrubá, the plural family name is Hrubí (or "rodina Hrubých"). In Greece, if a man called Papadopoulos has a daughter or wife, she will likely be named Papadopoulou, the genitive form, as if the daughter/wife is "of" a man named Papadopoulos. Likewise, the surnames of daughters and wives of males with surnames ending in -as will end in -a, and those of daughters and wives of males with
2924-411: The first person to acquire the name, and stem from the middle class's desire for their own hereditary names like the nobles. They were generally acquired later in history and generally when those without surnames needed them. In 1526, King Frederik I of Denmark-Norway ordered that noble families must take up fixed surnames, and many of them took as their name some element of their coat of arms; for example,
2992-589: The form "Novákojc" as informal for both genders. In the culture of the Sorbs (a.k.a. Wends or Lusatians), Sorbian used different female forms for unmarried daughters (Jordanojc, Nowcyc, Kubašec, Markulic), and for wives (Nowakowa, Budarka, Nowcyna, Markulina). In Polish, typical surnames for unmarried women ended -ówna, -anka, or -ianka, while the surnames of married women used the possessive suffixes -ina or -owa. In Serbia, unmarried women's surnames ended in -eva, while married women's surnames ended in -ka. In Lithuania, if
3060-2567: The 💕 Fuller is a surname . It originally referred to someone who treats woolen cloth with the process called fulling (a process also known as walking —or waulking in Scotland —and tucking , hence the names Walker and Tucker ). Notable people with the surname include: Acting [ edit ] Alfie Fuller , American actress Barbra Fuller (1922–2024), American actress Dolores Fuller (1923–2011), American actress and composer, Ed Wood's companion Drew Fuller (born 1980), American actor Frances Fuller (1907–1980), American actress Kurt Fuller (born 1953), American actor Mary Fuller (1888–1973), American actress Penny Fuller , American actress Robert Fuller (actor) (born 1933), American actor Architecture [ edit ] Buckminster Fuller (1895–1983), American architect George A. Fuller (1851–1900), American architect and general contractor, "inventor" of modern skyscrapers H. E. Fuller (1867–1962), South Australian architect, artist and art critic Thomas Fuller (architect) (1823–1898), Canadian architect Thomas W. Fuller (1865–1951), Canadian architect, son of Thomas Fuller Art [ edit ] George Fuller (painter) (1822–1884), American figure and portrait painter Isaac Fuller (1606?–1672), English painter Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller (1867–1968), American artist Ron Fuller (artist) (1936–2017), British artist Victoria Fuller (artist) (born 1953), American artist and sculptor Violet Fuller (1920–2006), British artist Business [ edit ] Alfred Fuller (1885–1973), Canadian businessman George F. Fuller (1869–1962), American industrialist Kathryn S. Fuller , American lawyer and business executive Samuel Augustus Fuller (1837–1891), American steel industry executive Samuel B. Fuller (1905–1988), American entrepreneur Film and television [ edit ] Ben Fuller (producer) (1875–1952), English theatre entrepreneur in Australia Brad Fuller (producer) (born 1965), American filmmaker Chris Fuller (born 1982), American filmmaker Courtis Fuller (born 1957), American broadcaster Samuel Fuller (1911–1997), American movie director Simon Fuller (born 1960), British record and television producer Medicine [ edit ] Samuel Fuller (Pilgrim) (c. 1580–1633), English doctor,
3128-462: The gender of the bearer. In Slavic languages, substantivized adjective surnames have commonly symmetrical adjective variants for males and females (Podwiński/Podwińska in Polish, Nový/Nová in Czech or Slovak, etc.). In the case of nominative and quasi-nominative surnames, the female variant is derived from the male variant by a possessive suffix (Novák/Nováková, Hromada/Hromadová). In Czech and Slovak,
3196-456: The group. Female praenomina were less common, as women had reduced public influence, and were commonly known by the feminine form of the nomen alone. Later with the gradual influence of Greek and Christian culture throughout the Empire, Christian religious names were sometimes put in front of traditional cognomina , but eventually people reverted to single names. By the time of the fall of
3264-488: The husband is named Vilkas, his wife will be named Vilkienė and his unmarried daughter will be named Vilkaitė. Male surnames have suffixes -as, -is, -ius, or -us, unmarried girl surnames aitė, -ytė, -iūtė or -utė, wife surnames -ienė. These suffixes are also used for foreign names, exclusively for grammar; Welby, the surname of the present Archbishop of Canterbury for example, becomes Velbis in Lithuanian, while his wife
3332-542: The inhabited location associated with the person given that name. Such locations can be any type of settlement, such as homesteads, farms, enclosures, villages, hamlets, strongholds, or cottages. One element of a habitation name may describe the type of settlement. Examples of Old English elements are frequently found in the second element of habitational names. The habitative elements in such names can differ in meaning, according to different periods, different locations, or with being used with certain other elements. For example,
3400-593: The introduction of family names is generally attributed to the preparation of the Domesday Book in 1086, following the Norman Conquest . Evidence indicates that surnames were first adopted among the feudal nobility and gentry, and slowly spread to other parts of society. Some of the early Norman nobility who arrived in England during the Norman conquest differentiated themselves by affixing 'de' (of) before
3468-441: The mandate to have a surname. During the modern era many cultures around the world adopted family names, particularly for administrative reasons, especially during the age of European expansion and particularly since 1600. The Napoleonic Code, adopted in various parts of Europe, stipulated that people should be known by both their given name(s) and a family name that would not change across generations. Other notable examples include
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#17327726415243536-433: The mother and another from the father) are used for legal purposes. Depending on culture, not all members of a family unit are required to have identical surnames. In some countries, surnames are modified depending on gender and family membership status of a person. Compound surnames can be composed of separate names. Using names has been documented in even the oldest historical records. Examples of surnames are documented in
3604-638: The name of their village in France. This is what is known as a territorial surname, a consequence of feudal landownership. By the 14th century, most English and most Scottish people used surnames and in Wales following unification under Henry VIII in 1536. A four-year study led by the University of the West of England , which concluded in 2016, analysed sources dating from the 11th to the 19th century to explain
3672-465: The naming system to facilitate census-taking, and the use of census information. Originally, Chinese surnames were derived matrilineally, although by the time of the Shang dynasty (1600 to 1046 BC) they had become patrilineal. Chinese women do not change their names upon marriage. In China, surnames have been the norm since at least the 2nd century BC. In the early Islamic period (640–900 AD) and
3740-412: The occupation of smith . There are also more complicated names based on occupational titles. In England it was common for servants to take a modified version of their employer's occupation or first name as their last name, adding the letter s to the word, although this formation could also be a patronymic . For instance, the surname Vickers is thought to have arisen as an occupational name adopted by
3808-658: The oldest and most common type of surname. They may be a first name such as "Wilhelm", a patronymic such as " Andersen ", a matronymic such as " Beaton ", or a clan name such as " O'Brien ". Multiple surnames may be derived from a single given name: e.g. there are thought to be over 90 Italian surnames based on the given name " Giovanni ". This is the broadest class of surnames, originating from nicknames, encompassing many types of origin. These include names based on appearance such as "Schwartzkopf", "Short", and possibly "Caesar", and names based on temperament and personality such as "Daft", "Gutman", and "Maiden", which, according to
3876-412: The origin describes the original bearer such as Brown, Short , or Thin – though Short may in fact be an ironic 'nickname' surname for a tall person." In the modern era, governments have enacted laws to require people to adopt surnames. This served the purpose of uniquely identifying subjects for taxation purposes or for inheritance. In the late Middle Ages in Europe, there were several revolts against
3944-663: The origins of the surnames in the British Isles . The study found that over 90% of the 45,602 surnames in the dictionary are native to Britain and Ireland, with the most common in the UK being Smith , Jones , Williams , Brown , Taylor , Davies , and Wilson . The findings have been published in the Oxford English Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland , with project leader Richard Coates calling
4012-497: The place of origin. Over the course of the Roman Republic and the later Empire, naming conventions went through multiple changes. ( See Roman naming conventions . ) The nomen , the name of the gens (tribe) inherited patrilineally, is thought to have already been in use by 650 BC. The nomen was to identify group kinship, while the praenomen (forename; plural praenomina ) was used to distinguish individuals within
4080-563: The pure possessive would be Novákova, Hromadova, but the surname evolved to a more adjectivized form Nováková, Hromadová, to suppress the historical possessivity. Some rare types of surnames are universal and gender-neutral: examples in Czech are Janů, Martinů, Fojtů, Kovářů. These are the archaic form of the possessive, related to the plural name of the family. Such rare surnames are also often used for transgender persons during transition because most common surnames are gender-specific. The informal dialectal female form in Polish and Czech dialects
4148-699: The servant of a vicar, while Roberts could have been adopted by either the son or the servant of a man named Robert. A subset of occupational names in English are names thought to be derived from the medieval mystery plays . The participants would often play the same roles for life, passing the part down to their oldest sons. Names derived from this may include King , Lord and Virgin . A Dictionary of English Surnames says that "surnames of office, such as Abbot , Bishop , Cardinal and King, are often nicknames". The original meaning of names based on medieval occupations may no longer be obvious in modern English. Location (toponymic, habitation) names derive from
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#17327726415244216-547: The street/place they were found (Union, Liquorpond (street), di Palermo, Baan, Bijdam, van den Eyngel (shop name), van der Stoep , von Trapp), the date they were found ( Monday , Septembre, Spring, di Gennaio), or festival/feast day they found or christened (Easter, SanJosé). Some foundlings were given the name of whoever found them. Occupational names include Smith , Miller , Farmer , Thatcher , Shepherd , Potter , and so on, and analogous names in many other languages, see, e.g., various surnames associated with
4284-432: The study "more detailed and accurate" than those before. He elaborated on the origins: "Some surnames have origins that are occupational – obvious examples are Smith and Baker. Other names can be linked to a place , for example, Hill or Green, which relates to a village green . Surnames that are 'patronymic' are those which originally enshrined the father's name – such as Jackson , or Jenkinson . There are also names where
4352-676: The surname Lee is used in English culture, but is also a romanization of the Chinese surname Li . In the Russian Empire , illegitimate children were sometimes given artificial surnames rather than the surnames of their adoptive parents. In many cultures (particularly in European and European-influenced cultures in the Americas, Oceania, etc., as well as West Asia/North Africa, South Asia, and most Sub-Saharan African cultures),
4420-611: The surname or family name ("last name") is placed after the personal, forename (in Europe) or given name ("first name"). In other cultures the surname is placed first, followed by the given name or names. The latter is often called the Eastern naming order because Europeans are most familiar with the examples from the East Asian cultural sphere , specifically, Greater China , Korea (both North and South) , Japan , and Vietnam . This
4488-501: The title Fuller . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fuller&oldid=1258357796 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Fuller (surname) From Misplaced Pages,
4556-404: Was also -ka (Pawlaczka, Kubeška). With the exception of the -ski/-ska suffix, most feminine forms of surnames are seldom observed in Polish. Generally, inflected languages use names and surnames as living words, not as static identifiers. Thus, the pair or the family can be named by a plural form which can differ from the singular male and female form. For instance, when the male form is Novák and
4624-547: Was the norm . Recently, integration into the EU and increased communications with foreigners prompted many Samis to reverse the order of their full name to given name followed by surname, to avoid their given name being mistaken for and used as a surname. Indian surnames may often denote village, profession, and/or caste and are invariably mentioned along with the personal/first names. However, hereditary last names are not universal. In Telugu -speaking families in south India, surname
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