109-622: For the Misplaced Pages G13 criterion for speedy deletion, see Misplaced Pages:Criteria for speedy deletion § G13 . G13 may refer to: G-13 (cannabis) , a type of cannabis County Route G13 (California) G13 Baobab Alliance , a political alliance in Benin G13 carbine , a proposed Georgian firearm Gate 13 , a group of supporters of the Greek football club Panathinaikos HMS G13 ,
218-544: A Bike Boulevard . The entire route is in Santa Clara County . County Route G4 (CR G4), more commonly referred to as San Tomas Expressway and Montague Expressway is a busy 14.5-mile (23.34 km) long link across Silicon Valley . G4 is part of the Santa Clara County expressway system. CR G4 begins in the south at its interchange with SR 17 and Camden Avenue as San Tomas Expressway in
327-536: A Union Pacific branchline), and the junction with Central Expressway (G6) . G4 intersects at grade with El Camino Real in Santa Clara . Further north in Santa Clara, G4 crosses US 101 and becomes Montague Expressway. Montague Expressway is signed as an east–west route, however it is not signed as G4 along its entire length. Montague continues east as an 8 lane road until it crosses Interstate 880 on
436-536: A synecdoche for the American high-technology economic sector . The name also became a global synonym for leading high-tech research and enterprises, and thus inspired similarly named locations , as well as research parks and technology centers with comparable structures all around the world. Many headquarters of tech companies in Silicon Valley have become hotspots for tourism . "Silicon" refers to
545-516: A 6 lane county-maintained expressway with a concrete island divider; at this point it becomes Lawrence Expressway. The Lawrence Expressway section from just south of Saratoga Avenue is more readily recognized as G2. Local residents almost exclusively refer to G2 as Lawrence Expressway. The road continues north, with access usually restricted to major intersections which are controlled via traffic lights . Lawrence Expressway continues northeasterly and junctions with I-280 and Stevens Creek Boulevard over
654-616: A Royal Navy G-class submarine Logitech G13 , a computer keyboard Suzuki G13 , an automobile engine G-13, a Swiss postwar version of the Jagdpanzer 38 Hetzer tank destroyer G13, a type of bi-pin lamp base G13 ou le Groupe des 13 , a Quebec feminist coalition to defend women's right and eqality in Quebec and in Canada [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
763-789: A city of only 50,000 people, "the densest concentration of lawyers" in the United States outside of Washington, D.C. By the year 2000, large law firms from all over the world were rushing to establish offices in the mid-Peninsula region on or near Sand Hill Road, and Silicon Valley law firms had become global trendsetters in that they were the first legal services employers to adopt business casual apparel (in imitation of their startup clients). During this era, lawyers evolved from their relatively narrow conventional role as protectors of intellectual property into business advisers, intermediaries, and dealmakers, and thereby acquired great prominence in Silicon Valley. For young entrepreneurs new to
872-547: A complex shared separated grade crossing. Lawrence Expressway proceeds under I-280 before immediately rising over Stevens Creek Boulevard. San Tomas Expressway and Campbell Avenue also share ramps for access to I-280 with the exception of the onramp to Southbound I-280 which is accessed directly from Lawrence Expressway, a frequent cause of confusion for drivers on Stevens Creek Boulevard wishing to access I-280 due to unclear signage. Lawrence Expressway continues north into Santa Clara and widens to 8 lanes with an HOV lane occupying
981-441: A computer network, which he imagined as an electronic commons open to all, the main and essential medium of informational interaction for governments, institutions, corporations, and individuals. As head of IPTO from 1962 to 1964, "Licklider initiated three of the most important developments in information technology: the creation of computer science departments at several major universities, time-sharing, and networking." In 1969,
1090-495: A few hundred feet north on De La Cruz until it reaches its terminus at US 101 , just outside the north end of the runways for San Jose International Airport . The physical road continues as Trimble Road towards CR G4, while at its western terminus in Palo Alto, Alma Street continues northwest through downtown Palo Alto until Alma ends at El Camino Real near the border of Palo Alto and Menlo Park . The posted speed limit on CR G6
1199-538: A major surface street with four lanes of traffic and a center turning lane to service the many driveways and turnoffs available. At the Palo Alto – Mountain View border at San Antonio Road, CR G6's character changes, removing the driveways and frequent intersections and adding a center divider, and is known as Central Expressway. Central continues east as a 4-6 lane road through the city of Mountain View. There are signalized intersections at major thoroughfares, and there
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#17327930970551308-494: A result of the high technology sector, the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area has the most millionaires and the most billionaires in the United States per capita, although the venture capital ecosystem has grown more geographically decentralized over time. The region is the biggest high-tech manufacturing center in the United States. The unemployment rate of the region
1417-585: A single-person household was $ 14,891. Thousands of high technology companies are headquartered in Silicon Valley. Among those, the following are in the Fortune 1000 : Additional notable companies headquartered in Silicon Valley (some of which are defunct, subsumed, or relocated) include: Silicon Valley has a population of 3.1 million as of 2020. A 1999 study by AnnaLee Saxenian for the Public Policy Institute of California reported that
1526-605: A table while a deal was being discussed?" Silicon Valley firms' board of directors are composed of 15.7% women compared with 20.9% in the S&;P 100. The 2012 lawsuit Pao v. Kleiner Perkins was filed in San Francisco County Superior Court by executive Ellen Pao for gender discrimination against her employer, Kleiner Perkins . The case went to trial in February 2015. On March 27, 2015,
1635-462: A third of Silicon Valley scientists and engineers were immigrants and that nearly a quarter of Silicon Valley's high-technology firms since 1980 were run by Chinese (17 percent) or Indian descent CEOs (7 percent). There is a stratum of well-compensated technical employees and managers, including tens of thousands of "single-digit millionaires". This income and range of assets will support a middle-class lifestyle in Silicon Valley. In November 2006,
1744-529: A twisting two-lane road that climbs to Skyline Boulevard ( SR 35 ) at the crest of the Santa Cruz Mountains . It passes the entrance to Palo Alto's Foothills Park , and the Monte Bello and Los Trancos Open Space Preserves . Under the name West Alpine Road, the road descends west of Skyline Boulevard to a turn-off that leads to Portola Redwoods State Park , where the original Page sawmill
1853-516: A viable alternative route for short trips between Cupertino and Palo Alto . The road is a four-lane expressway along its entire route. Access is generally limited to major intersections that are governed by traffic lights except for an interchange at Fremont Avenue, which the interchange also provides access to Miramonte Avenue and Loyola Drive. CR G5 travels through several affluent neighborhoods in Los Altos before reaching its northern terminus at
1962-477: Is 50 MPH (80 km/h). In Mountain View, the posted limit drops to 45 MPH. Central Expressway was first designated in 1962. Central Expressway was a vital route through the western Silicon Valley in the days before US 101 had been widened and I-280 had been built as an alternate route. Central Expressway still acts as an alternate route to US 101 through the west valley, however usage has declined as both freeways are now much larger and more direct routes. In 1982,
2071-594: Is a grade crossing for the VTA Light Rail . This section's intersections are primarily at-grade with cross streets controlled by traffic lights , although there are some overpasses, such as for San Antonio Road, Shoreline Boulevard, SR 85 , Whisman Road, SR 237 , and Middlefield Road. Up to this point, the roadway has paralleled the Caltrain rail line all the way from the Palo Alto station , which limits
2180-630: Is a 4-lane, 7.24-mile (11.65 km) long, northwest–southeast route in Santa Clara County, California , United States. It connects Palo Alto to the Silicon Valley proper closely paralleling Interstate 280 through the lower Santa Cruz Mountains foothills. CR G5 is part of the Santa Clara County expressway system. The speed limit for Foothill Expressway is 45 MPH. CR G5 begins at its southeastern end at I-280 in Cupertino , California . It proceeds northwest directly east of I-280 making it
2289-712: Is a global center for high technology and innovation . Located in the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area , it corresponds roughly to the geographical area of the Santa Clara Valley . The term "Silicon Valley" refers to the area in which high-tech business has proliferated in Northern California, and it also serves as a general metonym for California's high-tech business sector. The cities of Sunnyvale , Mountain View , Palo Alto and Menlo Park are frequently cited as
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#17327930970552398-410: Is a popular route for bicyclists. In 2014, the county began a rehabilitation project on Oregon Expressway, which entailed rebuilding and landscaping of the center median, installation of new traffic lights and mast arms, and repaving of the travel lanes. The intersection of Ross and Oregon, previously an uncontrolled intersection, had new traffic signals and sensors installed and Ross was converted into
2507-483: Is a signed 12.3-mile (19.8 km) long, east–west route in the western portion of Silicon Valley in Santa Clara County, California , United States. It comprises mainly of Central Expressway , as well as portions of Alma Street in Palo Alto and De La Cruz Boulevard in San Jose . While paralleling US 101 , El Camino Real ( SR 82 ) and I-280 , all of which are signed north–south, Central Expressway
2616-608: Is also represented in the number of new companies founded by women as well as the number of women-lead startups that receive venture capital funding. Wadhwa said he believes that a contributing factor is a lack of parental encouragement to study science and engineering. He also cited a lack of women role models and noted that most famous tech leaders—like Bill Gates , Steve Jobs , and Mark Zuckerberg —are men. As of October 2014, some high-profile Silicon Valley firms were working actively to prepare and recruit women. Bloomberg reported that Apple, Facebook, Google, and Microsoft attended
2725-444: Is at Lawrence Expressway (CR G2). East of CR G2, Central resumes at grade intersections along with sporadic HOV lanes at the approaches to intersections. Central has one final separated grade interchange with San Tomas Expressway (CR G4). After CR G4, Central Expressway continues east for about a mile as a 6-lane expressway until it abruptly ends at De La Cruz Boulevrad, where all lanes must turn left or right. CR G6 continues for
2834-443: Is part of G3. The widening of Oregon Avenue from a congested narrow residential street to a median-divided 4-lane Oregon Expressway was narrowly approved by Palo Alto voters in a June 5, 1962, election; about 90 homes on the south side of Oregon Avenue were moved or destroyed to make room for it. The original Oregon Ave still exists on the north side of the roadway, though is mostly separated from G3 with trees and shrubbery. Due to
2943-475: Is part of the Santa Clara County expressway system. CR G3 begins in the west at its interchange with I-280, at the Los Altos Hills–Stanford border. It proceeds northeast as a four lane expressway over the rolling hills of Stanford University until it reaches Foothill Expressway (G5), at which it has an at-grade intersection . East of Foothill Expressway, G3 descends down into the more urban areas of
3052-610: Is part of the Santa Clara County expressway system. G2 runs from the Quito Road overcrossing of SR 85 in Saratoga , north along Quito Road. G2 is not signed along this section and is not commonly recognized as existing along this 2 lane road by either locals or mapmakers. The Quito Road portion is also maintained by the City of Saratoga rather than Santa Clara County . As the road leaves Saratoga and enters San Jose , it widens to
3161-497: Is signed as San Juan Canyon Road for almost the entire length except for a small portion of The Alameda . From the southern end of G1 on Fremont Peak as San Juan Canyon Road, G1 begins a steep, sharp-curved winding descent from around 3,000 feet for the first 2 miles, north to northeast. G1 then curves to the west for about 2 miles before turning north. At the intersection of Mission Vineyard Road, G1 becomes The Alameda, which then heads north for approximately 1/4 mile before reaching
3270-422: Is signed east–west. This is due to the fact that all of these routes move in an east–west direction in this area, but these other routes continue longer than Central Expressway and are mostly north–south overall. This route is part of the Santa Clara County expressway system. CR G6 actually begins in the west at Oregon Expressway (CR G3) as Alma Street in Palo Alto . In Palo Alto, CR G6 remains
3379-477: Is uncertain. Emergency Call boxes along Montague however are labeled as being on G4 leaving no doubt that Montague is part of G4. Original plans called for G4 to include Hillsdale Avenue and Camden Avenue, between its present-day southern terminus and the southern terminus of Capitol Expressway (G21). These plans were never brought to fruition. The entire route is in Santa Clara County . County Route G5 ( CR G5 ), more often referred to as Foothill Expressway ,
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3488-500: The Brookings Institution . As of June 2021, it also had the highest percentage of homes valued at $ 1 million or more in the United States. Silicon Valley is home to many of the world's largest high-tech corporations , including the headquarters of more than 30 businesses in the Fortune 1000 , and thousands of startup companies . Silicon Valley also accounts for one-third of all of the venture capital investment in
3597-639: The Intel 8080 , the second 8-bit microprocessor designed and manufactured by Intel . On April 23, 1963, J. C. R. Licklider , the first director of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) at The Pentagon 's ARPA issued an office memorandum addressed to Members and Affiliates of the Intergalactic Computer Network . It rescheduled a meeting in Palo Alto regarding his vision of
3706-584: The MITS Altair microcomputer, the first unit sent to the area for review by People's Computer Company . Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs credit that first meeting with inspiring them to design the original Apple I and (successor) Apple II computers. As a result, the first preview of the Apple I was given at the Homebrew Computer Club. Subsequent meetings were held at an auditorium at
3815-544: The Shockley diode ), but the design was considerably more difficult to build than the "simple" transistor. In 1957, Shockley decided to end research on the silicon transistor. As a result of Shockley's abusive management style, eight engineers left the company to form Fairchild Semiconductor ; Shockley referred to them as the " traitorous eight ". Two of the original employees of Fairchild Semiconductor, Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore , would go on to found Intel . Following
3924-624: The Stanford Industrial Park (later Stanford Research Park ). Terman invited only high-technology companies. The first tenant was Varian Associates , founded by Stanford alumni in the 1930s to build military-radar components. Terman also found venture capital for civilian-technology start-ups. Hewlett-Packard became one of the major success-stories. Founded in 1939 in Packard's garage by Stanford graduates Bill Hewlett and David Packard , Hewlett-Packard moved its offices into
4033-565: The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center . Although semiconductors are still a major component of the area's economy, Silicon Valley has been most famous in recent years for innovations in software and Internet services. Silicon Valley has significantly influenced computer operating systems, software , and user interfaces. Using money from NASA , the US Air Force , and ARPA , Douglas Engelbart invented
4142-547: The Stanford Research Institute (now SRI International), operated one of the four original nodes that comprised ARPANET , predecessor to the Internet . By the early 1970s, there were many semiconductor companies in the area, computer firms using their devices, and programming and service companies serving both. Industrial space was plentiful and housing was still inexpensive. Growth during this era
4251-699: The University of California, Davis released a report analyzing business leadership by women within the state. The report showed that although 103 of the 400 largest public companies headquartered in California were located in Santa Clara County (the most of all counties), only 8.8% of Silicon Valley companies had women CEOs. This was the lowest percentage in the state. (San Francisco County had 19.2% and Marin County had 18.5%.) Silicon Valley tech leadership positions are occupied almost exclusively by men. This
4360-475: The chemical element used in silicon -based transistors and integrated circuit chips, which is the focus of a large number of computer hardware and software innovators and manufacturers in the region. The popularization of the name is often credited to Don Hoefler , the first journalist to use the term in a news story. His article "Silicon Valley U.S.A." was published in the January 11, 1971, issue of
4469-617: The mouse and hypertext-based collaboration tools in the mid-1960s and 1970s while at Stanford Research Institute (now SRI International), first publicly demonstrated in 1968 in what is now known as The Mother of All Demos . Engelbart's Augmentation Research Center at SRI was also involved in launching the ARPANET (precursor to the Internet ) and starting the Network Information Center (now InterNIC ). Xerox hired some of Engelbart's best researchers beginning in
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4578-689: The "G" zone of the California Route Marker Program, which designates county routes in California . The "G" zone includes county highways in Monterey , San Benito , San Luis Obispo , Santa Clara , and Santa Cruz counties. County Route G1 (CR G1) is a road in San Benito County, California , United States, providing access to Fremont Peak State Park from State Route 156 in San Juan Bautista . It
4687-551: The "preprofit" stage. Prior to 1970, most Northern California lawyers were based in San Francisco, especially the experienced patent attorneys whom the high-tech industry needed to protect its intellectual property. During the 1970s, lawyers began to follow venture capitalists down the Peninsula to serve the booming high-tech industry in Silicon Valley. As of 1999, there were 2,400 lawyers practicing law in Palo Alto,
4796-399: The 1959 inventions of the monolithic integrated circuit (IC) chip by Robert Noyce at Fairchild, the first commercial MOS IC was introduced by General Microelectronics in 1964. The first single-chip microprocessor was the Intel 4004 , designed and realized by Federico Faggin along with Ted Hoff , Masatoshi Shima and Stanley Mazor at Intel in 1971. In April 1974, Intel released
4905-508: The 20 most inventive towns in America were in California, and 10 of those were in Silicon Valley. San Jose led the list with 3,867 utility patents filed in 2005, and number two was Sunnyvale, at 1,881 utility patents. Silicon Valley is also home to a significant number of " Unicorn " ventures, referring to startup companies whose valuation has exceeded $ 1 billion dollars . A world-renowned technology hub, San Francisco Bay Area has
5014-681: The 20th annual Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing conference to actively recruit and potentially hire female engineers and technology experts. The same month, the second annual Platform Summit was held to discuss increasing racial and gender diversity in tech. As of April 2015 experienced women were engaged in creation of venture capital firms which leveraged women's perspectives in funding of startups. After UC Davis published its Study of California Women Business Leaders in November 2006, some San Jose Mercury News readers dismissed
5123-536: The North, or Charleston Rd to the south. When Interstate 280 was completed through the area in 1969, the old narrow Page Mill road, which passed by the Frenchman's Tower , was bypassed over the hills to the south and expanded to 5 lanes from 2. The old road was renamed "Old Page Mill Road", the center line was removed, and car access was limited to eastbound and local traffic only. The road is still traversable today and
5232-569: The San Jose/ Milpitas city line, where it loses a lane to become a 6 lane road. G4 reaches its eastern terminus at Interstate 680 but the physical road continues as Landess Ave further east until it ends at its intersection with Piedmont Road. G4 was designated and signed in 1962 along the San Tomas portions. Montague was designated later around 1978. Whether this has anything to do with Montague and not being physically signed as G4
5341-525: The Santa Clara Valley, and then north towards the Bay Area's two other major cities, San Francisco and Oakland , the term "Silicon Valley" came to have two definitions: a narrower geographic one, referring to Santa Clara County and southeastern San Mateo County , and a metonymical definition referring to high-tech businesses in the entire Bay Area. The term Silicon Valley is often used as
5450-587: The Stanford Research Park shortly after 1953. In 1954 Stanford originated the Honors Cooperative Program to allow full-time employees of the companies to pursue graduate degrees from the university on a part-time basis. The initial companies signed five-year agreements in which they would pay double the tuition for each student in order to cover the costs. Hewlett-Packard has become the largest personal-computer manufacturer in
5559-671: The U.S. patents for Poulsen arc radio transmission technology and founded the Federal Telegraph Corporation (FTC) in Palo Alto . Over the next decade, the FTC created the world's first global radio communication system, and signed a contract with the Navy in 1912. In 1933, Air Base Sunnyvale , California, was commissioned by the United States Government for use as a Naval Air Station (NAS) to house
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#17327930970555668-508: The United States, which has helped it to become a leading hub and startup ecosystem for high-tech innovation, although the tech ecosystem has recently become more geographically dispersed. It was in Silicon Valley that the silicon-based integrated circuit , the microprocessor , and the microcomputer , among other technologies, were developed. As of 2021 , the region employed about a half million information technology workers. As more high-tech companies were established across San Jose and
5777-511: The United States. A 2023 report found that the aggregate household wealth of Silicon Valley (including ultra-high net worth individuals ) was nearly $ 1.1 trillion, and less than 1% of the Valley's population held 36% of the wealth. Conversely, as of 2021, 23% of Silicon Valley residents were living below the poverty line . However, the meaning of the term "poverty" is dependent upon context; in Silicon Valley, it means something different because of
5886-548: The Valley's mysterious ways, their lawyer often served as their first coach, mentor, teacher, friend, and cheerleader who helped connect them to the Valley's startup ecosystem. As of 2022, the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara metropolitan area had the highest average wage for lawyers in the United States, at $ 267,840. The Homebrew Computer Club was an informal group of electronic enthusiasts and technically minded hobbyists who gathered to trade parts, circuits , and information pertaining to DIY construction of computing devices. It
5995-640: The airship USS Macon in Hangar One . The station was renamed NAS Moffett Field , and between 1933 and 1947, U.S. Navy blimps were based there. A number of technology firms had set up shop in the area around Moffett Field to serve the Navy. When the Navy gave up its airship ambitions and moved most of its west coast operations to San Diego , the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA, forerunner of NASA ) took over portions of Moffett Field for aeronautics research. Many of
6104-424: The area's high-tech firms. Frederick Terman , as Stanford University's dean of the school of engineering from 1946, encouraged faculty and graduates to start their own companies. In 1951 Terman spearheaded the formation of Stanford Industrial Park (now Stanford Research Park , an area surrounding Page Mill Road , south west of El Camino Real and extending beyond Foothill Expressway to Arastradero Road), where
6213-414: The basis for many electronic developments for decades. Both Frederick Terman and William Shockley are often called "the father of Silicon Valley". Unlike many other researchers who used germanium as the semiconductor material, Shockley believed that silicon was the better material for making transistors. Shockley intended to replace the current transistor with a new three-element design (today known as
6322-460: The birthplace of Silicon Valley. San Jose is Silicon Valley's largest city, the third-largest in California , and the 13th-most populous in the United States . Other major Silicon Valley cities include Santa Clara , Redwood City and Cupertino . The San Jose Metropolitan Area has the third-highest GDP per capita in the world (after Zürich , Switzerland and Oslo , Norway ), according to
6431-467: The chemicals used in the manufacture of integrated circuits . Technical, engineering, design, and administrative staffs were in large part well compensated. Silicon Valley has a severe housing shortage , caused by the market imbalance between jobs created and housing units built: from 2010 to 2015, many more jobs have been created than housing units built. (400,000 jobs, 60,000 housing units) This shortage has driven home prices extremely high, far out of
6540-575: The city and county determine more permanent plans for this intersection. In early 2023, the eastern terminus of CR G6 was modified to match the new configuration of the De La Cruz Boulevard / US 101 interchange. The right slip ramps to/from De La Cruz on Central were permanently closed to traffic and replaced with standard right turn lanes. Silicon Valley Silicon Valley is a region in Northern California that
6649-460: The city of Campbell . The road is three lanes wide in each direction, with an HOV carpool lane occupying the right lane, from SR 17 north to Homestead Road, where it expands to four lanes in each direction with an HOV lane until San Tomas "ends" at US 101 . The majority of intersections along San Tomas are at grade, controlled by traffic lights . The only grade-separated intersections along San Tomas are at SR 17, US 101, Winchester (necessary due to
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#17327930970556758-667: The diversity hire. He described being isolated from his team, and constantly having to prove he could do the job he was hired for. In 2014, tech companies Google , Yahoo! , Facebook , Apple , and others, released corporate transparency reports that offered detailed employee breakdowns. In May, Google said 17% of its tech employees worldwide were women, and, in the U.S., 1% of its tech workers were black and 2% were Hispanic/Latino . June 2014 brought reports from Yahoo! and Facebook. Yahoo! said that 15% of its tech jobs were held by women, 2% of its tech employees were black and 4% Hispanic. Facebook reported that 15% of its tech workforce
6867-510: The early 1970s. In turn, in the 1970s and 1980s, Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) played a pivotal role in object-oriented programming, graphical user interfaces (GUIs), Ethernet , PostScript , and laser printers . While Xerox marketed equipment using its technologies, for the most part its technologies flourished elsewhere. The diaspora of Xerox inventions led directly to 3Com and Adobe Systems , and indirectly to Cisco , Apple Computer , and Microsoft . Apple's Macintosh GUI
6976-595: The early 1980s, at the time of the introduction of the IBM PC and numerous related hardware and software products to the consumer market. The urbanized area is built upon an alluvial plain within a longitudinal valley formed by roughly parallel earthquake faults. The area between the faults subsided into a graben or dropped valley. Hoefler defined Silicon Valley as the urbanized parts of "the San Francisco Peninsula and Santa Clara Valley". Before
7085-406: The existing Saratoga Avenue interchange. G2 is unsigned from SR 85 to Saratoga Avenue along Quito Road. North of Saratoga Avenue, Lawrence Expressway is currently signed as G2. In the 1990s Lawrence Expressway was widened north of I-280 to 8 lanes to accommodate an HOV carpool lane. As of 2019, Santa Clara County is planning a major grade separation project at Homestead Road. This will be one of
7194-566: The expansive growth of the tech industry, the region had been the largest fruit-producing and packing region in the world up through the 1960s, with 39 fruit canneries. The nickname it had been known as during that period was "the Valley of Heart’s Delight". Silicon Valley was born through the intersection of several contributing factors, including a skilled science research base housed in area universities, plentiful venture capital , permissive government regulation, and steady U.S. Department of Defense spending. Stanford University ’s leadership
7303-410: The far right lane. Lawrence Expressway also has another separated grade interchange with El Camino Real ( SR 82 ). Lawrence Expressway then enters Sunnyvale . At this point the expressway passes over Caltrain 's Lawrence Station . Lawrence Expressway also passes under Central Expressway (G6) on a separated grade interchange and over US 101 on a separated grade interchange. The US 101 interchange
7412-459: The first quarter of 2023. More traditional industries also recognize the potential of high-tech development, and several car manufacturers have opened offices in Silicon Valley to capitalize on its entrepreneurial ecosystem . Manufacture of transistors was for a long time the core industry in Silicon Valley. The workforce was for the most part composed of Asian and Latino immigrants who were paid low wages and worked in hazardous conditions due to
7521-485: The high cost of living to the success of the industries in this region. Although, this rift between high and low salaries is driving many residents out who can no longer afford to live there. In the Bay Area , the number of residents planning to leave within the next several years has had an increase of 35% since 2016, from 34% to 46%. The wealth inequality in Silicon Valley is more pronounced than in any other region of
7630-416: The intersection with Page Mill Road (CR G3) . The physical road continues north as Junipero Serra Boulevard and passes the back entrances to Stanford University . In the south, the road continues past Foothill Boulevard onto Stevens Canyon Road, a winding mountain road that passes by a rock quarry and several open space preserves. G5 was designated in 1962 and is currently signed its entire length. The route
7739-525: The intersections on the south side of the road. The roadway branches off from the railway at Bernardo Avenue. After crossing under SR 85 , Central Expressway takes on a very freeway-like appearance (which is not typical for most county roads) for several miles through Sunnyvale . Through this section, Central Expressway has a wide center divider with guardrails, and access is limited to a sequence of several separated grade interchanges at main cross streets with no turnoffs or driveways. The final in this sequence
7848-641: The jury found in favor of Kleiner Perkins on all counts. Nevertheless, the case, which had wide press coverage, resulted in major advances in consciousness of gender discrimination on the part of venture capital and technology firms and their women employees. Two other cases have been filed against Facebook and Twitter. A 2017 study showed that white males made up the majority of higher positions, with 58.7% holding executive positions and 46.5% being managers. The second highest position holders were Asian men, with 16.3% having executive positions and 17.9% being managers. African/Black and Hispanic/Latino people had
7957-493: The knowledge they gained from their previous employer. This gave Silicon Valley an advantage over other American tech hubs such as Massachusetts Route 128 curving around Boston . The San Francisco Bay Area had long been a major site of United States Navy research and technology. In 1909, Charles Herrold started the first radio station in the United States with regularly scheduled programming in San Jose . Later that year, Stanford University graduate Cyril Elwell purchased
8066-408: The largest concentration of high-tech companies in the United States, at 387,000 high-tech jobs, of which Silicon Valley accounts for 225,300 high-tech jobs. Silicon Valley has the highest concentration of high-tech workers of any metropolitan area, with 285.9 out of every 1,000 private-sector workers. Silicon Valley has the highest average high-tech salary in the United States at $ 144,800. Largely
8175-448: The largest expressway improvement projects in many years. The entire route is in Santa Clara County . County Route G3 (CR G3), more commonly known as Page Mill Road and Oregon Expressway , is a short 4.5-mile (7.2 km) northeast–southwest arterial route that spans the lower peninsula region of the San Francisco Bay Area from I-280 to US 101 . G3 runs through Palo Alto and unincorporated Stanford University lands. It
8284-523: The lower peninsula, going through the industrialized area of the Stanford Research Park located in Palo Alto. The road along this section has a reduced speed limit and several turnoffs along its length until it reaches El Camino Real ( SR 82 ). After SR 82, G3 branches from Page Mill Road (which becomes a narrow access road to the California Avenue Station), and curves under the Caltrain tracks, continuing as Oregon Expressway for
8393-534: The lowest percentages in all categories. Harvard Business Review published an article in 2018 discussing diversity and inclusion and gave statistics on black employees along with advice to future black technicians. LeRon L. Barton, a black man who spent over two decades in Tech, gave an insight on his work experiences. He said he saw no one who looked like him in his profession and said he received many comments that he believed disregarded his skill such as being called
8502-451: The northern terminus at State Route 156 . Beyond the northern terminus, The Alameda continues into downtown San Juan Bautista for 0.2 miles until the intersection of First Street. The entire route is in San Benito County . County Route G2 (CR G2), more commonly known as Lawrence Expressway and Quito Road , is a busy 9.7-mile (15.6 km) long north–south link through Silicon Valley in Northern California . The majority of G2
8611-406: The original companies stayed, while new ones moved in. The immediate area was soon filled with aerospace firms, such as Lockheed , which was the area's largest employer from the 1950s into 1980s. Stanford University , its affiliates, and graduates have played a major role in the development of the culture of collaboration among high-tech companies. A powerful sense of regional solidarity shaped
8720-474: The origins of Silicon Valley firms, including via investments from Fairchild 's eight co-founders. The key investors in Kleiner Perkins and Sequoia Capital were from the same group, directly leading to Tech Crunch 2014 estimate of 92 public firms of 130 related listed firms then worth over US$ 2.1 trillion with over 2,000 firms traced back to them. Another important pillar of the Valley's success
8829-656: The outlook of inventors and engineers in California; contrasting markedly from the insular and competitive environment of engineering firms on the East Coast of the United States . From the 1890s, Stanford University's leaders saw its mission as service to the (American) West and shaped the school accordingly. At the same time, the perceived exploitation of the West at the hands of eastern interests fueled booster-like attempts to build self-sufficient local industry. Thus regionalism helped align Stanford's interests with those of
8938-440: The possibility that sexism contributed in making Silicon Valley's leadership gender gap the highest in the state. A January 2015 issue of Newsweek magazine featured an article detailing reports of sexism and misogyny in Silicon Valley. The article's author, Nina Burleigh , asked, "Where were all these offended people when women like Heidi Roizen published accounts of having a venture capitalist stick her hand in his pants under
9047-528: The predecessor to Craigslist began operations. Silicon Valley is generally considered to have been the center of the dot-com bubble , which started in the mid-1990s and collapsed after the NASDAQ stock market began to decline dramatically in April 2000. During the bubble era, real estate prices reached unprecedented levels. For a brief time, Sand Hill Road was home to the most expensive commercial real estate in
9156-559: The prohibition against bicyclists using Central Expressway's shoulders was lifted. All pedestrian prohibitions were repealed by 2003. In 2007, construction was completed near the eastern terminus widening Central Expressway to accommodate an HOV lane and a reconfiguration of the intersection with Lafayette Street. In 2016, VTA expanded the Central Expressway grade crossing from 1 track to 2 tracks, necessitating some closures between Whisman and Mary for construction. CR G6
9265-554: The range of production workers. As of 2016 a two-bedroom apartment rented for about $ 2,500 while the median home price was about $ 1 million. The Financial Post called Silicon Valley the most expensive U.S. housing region. Homelessness is a problem with housing beyond the reach of middle-income residents; there is little shelter space other than in San Jose which, as of 2015, was making an effort to develop shelters by renovating old hotels. The Economist also attributes
9374-499: The region's severe housing shortage and high housing prices. As of 2023, the low-income poverty threshold set by the California Department of Housing and Community Development for single-person households in the counties of San Francisco, San Mateo, and Marin was $ 104,400, followed by $ 96,000 for the county of Santa Clara. In contrast, the 2023 national low-income poverty threshold set by the U.S. Census Bureau for
9483-428: The remainder of its northeastward journey. Oregon Expressway functions more comparably to a County-maintained Arterial Road for Palo Alto, with frequent signaled intersections and a posted speed limit of 35 MPH. G3 reaches its eastern terminus at its junction with US 101 , where it shares an interchange with Embarcadero Road. Page Mill Road (no longer designated G3) continues southwest of I-280 for 6 miles (9.7 km),
9592-560: The road one continuous counterclockwise loop through the Santa Clara Valley, where one driver could start on Quito road and end up exactly where they started without ever changing lanes. The designation G2 existed to the 1950s. The route replaced what was originally called Lawrence Station Road (after the Southern Pacific Lawrence station ), from Mountain View–Alviso Road in the north to Stevens Creek Blvd. on
9701-549: The same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G13&oldid=1258789548 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages County Route G13 (California) There are 21 routes assigned to
9810-424: The south, roughly paralleling Saratoga Creek . Lawrence Station was itself named for Alfred Chester Lawrence. Crossing Stevens Creek, the route was originally called Doyle Road, a small two lane road up to the point the current Doyle Road exits to the east. The section between Doyle and Saratoga Avenue at Quito Road was originally orchards. G2 was first signed as a Santa Clara County Route in 1962 as construction
9919-494: The steep grade and high water table around the area of the Caltrain underpass, the underpass is notorious for flooding during heavy rains, which often overwhelmed the county pumps which were installed due to the existence of a Superfund site 1/4 mile upstream on Page Mill road. When the underpass is closed due to flooding, through traffic must detour onto Alma Street (Route G6) and cross the train tracks at either Churchill Ave to
10028-616: The university leased portions of its land to high-tech firms. Terman nurtured companies like Hewlett-Packard , Varian Associates , Eastman Kodak , General Electric , Lockheed Corporation , and other high-tech firms, until what would become Silicon Valley grew up around the Stanford University campus. In 1951, to address the financial demands of Stanford's growth requirements, and to provide local employment-opportunities for graduating students, Frederick Terman proposed leasing Stanford's lands for use as an office park named
10137-503: The weekly trade newspaper Electronic News . In preparation for this report, during a lunch meeting with marketing people who were visiting the area, he heard them use the term. Earlier uses outside journalism exist; for example, a May 1970 advertisement in the Peninsula Times Tribune described a Palo Alto company that "helps production people in Silicon Valley." However, the term did not gain widespread use until
10246-420: The world, and the booming economy resulted in severe traffic congestion . The PayPal Mafia is sometimes credited with inspiring the re-emergence of consumer-focused Internet companies after the dot-com bust of 2001. After the dot-com crash, Silicon Valley continues to maintain its status as one of the top research and development centers in the world. A 2006 The Wall Street Journal story found that 12 of
10355-524: The world, and transformed the home-printing market when it released the first thermal drop-on-demand ink-jet printer in 1984. Other early tenants included Eastman Kodak , General Electric , and Lockheed . In 1956, William Shockley , the co-inventor of the first working transistor (with John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain ), moved from New Jersey to Mountain View, California , to start Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory to live closer to his ailing mother in Palo Alto . Shockley's work served as
10464-539: Was Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), founded in 1983 by a group of former Bank of America executives. Before its 2023 collapse , SVB specialized in providing banking services to Silicon Valley entrepreneurs and their startup firms. SVB's original primary commercial lending product was a working capital line of credit , secured by a startup's accounts receivable . In contrast to traditional banks, who focused their commercial lending on already-established businesses, SVB specialized in lending money to small startup companies in
10573-485: Was 9.4% in January 2009 and has decreased to a record low of 2.7% as of August 2019. But in April 2020, when unemployment was at its peak, it stood at 13.7% and has since fallen to 5.7% in July 2021. Silicon Valley received 41% of all U.S. venture investment in 2011, and 46% in 2012. During the period from 2019 to 2021, Silicon Valley's share of U.S. venture capital investment dropped to 35.9%, but had surged back to 41% as of
10682-457: Was also closed to vehicular traffic in the same stretch on the day of Super Bowl 50 so that Light Rail traffic would have priority to Levi's Stadium . In 2020, Mountain View closed Castro Street to vehicular traffic to support outdoor dining in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The road is still closed to this day, and the turn pockets onto Castro Street from Central remain coned off while
10791-720: Was built upon the right-of-way for the Los Altos branch of the Peninsular Railway . The buildings along the route at Loyola Corners in Los Altos are historical railroad station buildings. In 1970, one of the first scientifically designed noise barriers in the nation was conceived for Foothill Expressway in a study overseen by the Santa Clara County Public Works Department using Sunnyvale consultant ESL Inc. In 2021, Route G5 saw one of its only major expansions from since it
10900-511: Was completing on sections of the upgrade to an expressway. County Route G2 was originally planned to link up with SR 85 when it was built. At the time of G2's inception SR 85 was in the early planning stages and an interchange had been envisioned at Quito Road. However opposition to the freeway was intense in Saratoga and the planned interchange between SR 85 and G2 along with an interchange further north at Prospect Road were abandoned in favor of
11009-494: Was created to foster startups , giving a boost to entrepreneurs. Northern California was even more welcoming, with a group of venture capitalists actively seeking high-tech business ideas, clustered on Sand Hill Road in Menlo Park and Palo Alto . California 's civil code undermined the usual non-compete clauses that effectively tied employees to their companies in other states, allowing California workers to freely apply
11118-551: Was especially important in the valley's early development. Together these elements formed the basis of its growth and success. The United States was more friendly than other countries to business investment, charging much lower taxes on capital gains since the Revenue Act of 1921 , and featuring particularly loose free market controls over new business. In 1953, the Small Business Administration
11227-679: Was female, and 3% was Hispanic and 1% was black. In August 2014, Apple reported that 80% of its global tech staff was male and that, in the U.S., 54% of its tech jobs were staffed by Caucasians and 23% by Asians. Soon after, USA Today published an article about Silicon Valley's lack of tech-industry diversity, pointing out that it is largely white or Asian, and male. "Blacks and Hispanics are largely absent," it reported, "and women are underrepresented in Silicon Valley—from giant companies to start-ups to venture capital firms." Civil rights activist Jesse Jackson said of improving diversity in
11336-427: Was first built; the section of Foothill between San Antonio Road and El Monte Avenue was widened from 4 lanes to 6, complete with removal of the dedicated right-turn ramps and installation of new traffic signals. This section of CR G5 often sees heavy commuter traffic, particularly from motorists accessing I-280 from San Antonio Road via El Monte. The entire route is in Santa Clara County . County Route G6 ( CR G6 )
11445-464: Was fueled by the emergence of venture capital on Sand Hill Road , beginning with Kleiner Perkins and Sequoia Capital in 1972; the availability of venture capital exploded after the successful $ 1.3 billion IPO of Apple Computer in December 1980. Since the 1980s, Silicon Valley has been home to the largest concentration of venture capital firms in the world. In 1971, Don Hoefler traced
11554-504: Was largely a result of Steve Jobs ' visit to PARC and the subsequent hiring of key personnel. Cisco's impetus stemmed from the need to route a variety of protocols over Stanford University 's Ethernet campus network . Commercial use of the Internet became practical and grew slowly throughout the early 1990s. In 1995, commercial use of the Internet grew substantially and the initial wave of internet startups, Amazon.com , eBay , and
11663-402: Was located. Other than a commemorative sign, no artifacts remain at the mill site, which is accessible only by Slate Creek Trail from either Portola Redwoods state park or from Skyline Boulevard (SR 35). This route was designated in 1962. G3 is currently signed its entire length. Page Mill Road was originally known as Mayfield–Pescadero Road , but only the urbanized portion of Page Mill Road
11772-486: Was started by Gordon French and Fred Moore who met at the Community Computer Center in Menlo Park . They both were interested in maintaining a regular, open forum for people to get together to work on making computers more accessible to everyone. The first meeting was held as of March 1975 at French's garage in Menlo Park , San Mateo County, California ; which was on occasion of the arrival of
11881-482: Was upgraded in the early 2000s to include traffic light control on G2. G2 reaches its northern terminus at the end of Lawrence Expressway at the SR 237 Freeway. The physical road continues north as Caribbean Drive, which then curves back south through Sunnyvale and Cupertino , paralleling Lawrence Expressway under several different street names until the roads intersect again at Highway 9 and Quito. This effectively makes
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