106-628: The 2010 G20 Toronto summit was the fourth meeting of the G20 heads of state/government, to discuss the global financial system and the world economy , which took place at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre in Toronto , Ontario , Canada. The summit's priorities included evaluating the progress of financial reform, developing sustainable stimulus measures, debating global bank tax , and promoting open markets . Alongside
212-414: A Traffic Management Unit (TMU), located in the apron control tower at Terminal 1, to control the movement of aircraft and other airport traffic on the ground. The main air traffic control tower at Toronto Pearson is located within the infield operations area of the airport. The airfield maintenance unit is responsible for general maintenance and repairs at Toronto Pearson. During the winter months,
318-507: A free trade agreement between the United States and South Korea . A key agreement the leaders of developed nations made was to cut annual budget deficits in half by 2013. The leaders also agreed on reducing debt-to-GDP ratio in each economy by 2016. The debate on imposing a tax on financial institutions was settled as the group agreed that financial institutions would be required to make fair contributions to recover costs from
424-466: A 25-minute travel time to Union Station, the busiest intermodal transportation facility in Canada. Union Station offers connections to numerous GO Transit regional rail and bus services as well as inter-city rail links on Via Rail 's Quebec City–Windsor Corridor . Combined UP Express and inter-city tickets may be purchased from VIA Rail. The UP Express operates daily between 5:27 am and 12:57 am of
530-479: A 30-nautical-mile (56 km) radius. Porter Airlines received permission to continue flights to and from Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport . The Toronto District School Board and Toronto Catholic District School Board cancelled school bus services to six Downtown schools on June 25, affecting 45,000 students, 10,000 of whom were physically disabled. Summit organizers established a media centre for international media personnel, journalists, and press reporters at
636-483: A Toronto Airport Detachment at Pearson Airport, which provides federal law enforcement services. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority (CATSA) is responsible for security screening procedures at Pearson Airport. Other government agencies with security operations at Pearson include the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC),
742-736: A bank was firebombed by anarchists , who claimed they would be present during the G20 summit in Toronto. The perceived security threat caused the Integrated Security Unit to increase security measures. Protests began one week ahead of the summit, organized by groups including Oxfam Canada and the Ontario Coalition Against Poverty . Issues such as poverty , gay rights , capitalism and globalization , indigenous rights , and controversial issues with
848-518: A capacity of 30 million passengers annually and Terminal 3 has a capacity of 17 million passengers annually. A third public terminal, the Infield Concourse (IFC), currently acts as an extension of Terminal 3 providing additional bridged gates . The old Terminal 1 (originally known as Aeroquay One) was demolished in 2004 after the first phase of new Terminal 1 opened. Terminal 2 was permanently closed and demolished in 2007 to make way for
954-629: A common use cargo apron , vehicle parking, and a truck maneuvering area. A four-lane vehicle tunnel connects the Infield Cargo Area to the passenger terminal area of the airport. The Cargo East facility (also known as the VISTA cargo area) is located north of Terminal 3. The VISTA cargo area is a multi-tenant facility of several buildings organized in a U-shape, with 29,500 square metres (318,000 sq ft) of warehouse space and an adjacent common-use cargo apron. The Cargo North facility
1060-422: A crucial role in preparing the agenda and negotiating outcomes for G20 meetings. Sherpa meetings allow for in-depth discussions on technical and policy matters before they are presented at higher-level meetings. B20 summits are summits of business leaders from the G20 countries. C20 summits are summits of civil society delegates from the G20 countries. L20 summits are summits of labor and employment leaders from
1166-438: A decade after the summit, the Toronto police conceded that "there were times when matters were not addressed in the way they should have been and many hundreds of members of the public were detained or arrested when they should not have been and were held in detention in conditions that were unacceptable." They agreed to pay $ 16.5 million to about a thousand people they unlawfully detained or arrested in various incidents. Prior to
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#17327943042851272-690: A hub for cargo airline FedEx Express , and as a base of operations for Air Transat and Sunwing Airlines . Toronto Pearson is operated by the Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) as part of Transport Canada 's National Airports System . The airport also maintains facilities for United States border preclearance . An extensive network of non-stop domestic flights is operated from Toronto Pearson by several airlines to all major and many secondary cities across all provinces and territories of Canada . Since 2014, over 75 airlines operated around 1,250 daily departures from
1378-603: A location to film major motion pictures and television productions . Skyservice FBO operates an 800-square-metre (8,611 sq ft) private VIP terminal at Toronto Pearson on Midfield Road in the infield area of the airport. The terminal handles most private aircraft arriving and departing at Toronto Pearson, providing passenger services that include a 24/7 concierge , private customs and immigration facilities, personalized catering, showers, direct handling of baggage, and VIP ground transportation services. Toronto Pearson has five runways , three of which are aligned in
1484-747: A short visit in Halifax to celebrate the centennial of the Canadian Forces Maritime Command . Remaining leaders with the G8 also arrived on the same day. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the International Labour Organization , as well as Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, and Vietnam made their first G20 summit appearances in Toronto. Recently designated heads of government, namely Cameron and Japanese prime minister Naoto Kan , made
1590-479: A site that covers 1,867 hectares (4,613 acres). Pearson is the largest and busiest airport in Canada , handling 44.8 million passengers in 2023. As of 2019, it was the second-busiest international air passenger gateway in North America and the 24th-busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic. Toronto Pearson is the primary hub for Air Canada . It also serves as a focus city for WestJet ,
1696-598: A week before the summit. According to an early estimate by The Globe and Mail , 25,000 uniformed police officers, 1,000 security guards from Commissionaires Great Lakes, and several Canadian military forces were to be deployed during the summit. The North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) conducted Amalgam Virgo exercises on May 6 and 7 across the Greater Toronto Area using CF-18 Hornet jets, CH-124 Sea Kings , and CH-146 Griffon helicopters at low altitudes. The total cost for security at both
1802-451: Is a 178,000-square-metre (1,916,000 sq ft) facility designed by B+H Architects and Scott Associates Architects Inc. Originally, Terminal 3 was a major tenant for Canadian Airlines (defunct since 2001). Today, the terminal serves as a hub for Porter Airlines and WestJet , a focus city for Air Transat , and an operating base for Flair Airlines and Sunwing Airlines — all of which are unaffiliated with any airline alliance. It
1908-456: Is also used by all foreign SkyTeam (except ITA Airways ) and Oneworld airlines that serve Pearson Airport, along with Biman Bangladesh Airlines , Etihad Airways , Pakistan International Airlines , Philippine Airlines and all other airlines that are unaffiliated with an airline alliance (except Air North and Emirates ). Terminal 3 has 46 gates. A five-level parking garage with 3,800 public parking spaces (including 600 rental car spaces)
2014-621: Is located and hence the IATA code for Pearson Airport is YYZ. The telegraph station in Toronto itself was coded TZ, which is why Toronto's smaller Billy Bishop Airport is coded YTZ. Toronto Pearson International Airport has two active public terminals, Terminal 1 and Terminal 3. Both terminals are designed to handle all three sectors of travel (domestic, transborder, and international), which results in terminal operations at Toronto Pearson being grouped for airlines and airline alliances , rather than for domestic and international routes. Terminal 1 has
2120-574: Is located directly across from the terminal along with Sheraton Hotel, both of which are connected to Terminal 3 by an elevated pedestrian walkway. Since June 2018, the GTAA has used the Infield Terminal to act as an extension of Terminal 3 to provide additional bridged gates . Passengers on flights arriving or departing from gates at the Infield Terminal are transported by bus to/from Terminal 3. American Airlines has an Admirals Club in
2226-480: Is the Canadian hub for FedEx Express . The site occupies an area on the north side of the airport near runway 05/23 and is home to two buildings operated exclusively by FedEx with 32,100 square metres (346,000 sq ft) of warehouse space and a dedicated cargo apron. The Peel Regional Police is the primary law enforcement agency at Pearson Airport. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) also maintain
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#17327943042852332-460: Is the largest airport terminal in Canada and the 12th largest in the world by floor space. Air Canada and all other Star Alliance airlines that serve Pearson Airport are based at Terminal 1 under the "Move under One Roof" policy. SkyTeam carrier ITA Airways and non-alliance carriers Air North , and Emirates also use Terminal 1. Sunwing Airlines previously had its base at Terminal 1 until it moved to Terminal 3 on May 1, 2016. Terminal 1
2438-425: Is the largest in the world, servicing over 10,500 aircraft each winter. The six de-icing bays, covering a total area of 24 hectares (60 acres), can handle 12 aircraft simultaneously and take between 2 and 19 minutes to de-ice each aircraft dependent on factors such as active weather and aircraft specifications. The Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) Fire and Emergency Service maintains three stations at
2544-473: The 2010 FIFA World Cup games; and Northern Ontario Oasis , an artificial lakefront based on Muskoka region's cottage country . The Northern Ontario Oasis included donated canoes, a shoreline with deck chairs for journalists to cool off, and a mobile phone recharging station. The background was a large screen that portrayed various images of the Muskoka region. The cost of the international media centre,
2650-518: The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS), and Transport Canada . In addition, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) from the United States also conduct operations at the airport to facilitate United States border preclearance . Pearson Airport has seven aircraft maintenance hangars , operated by Air Canada, Air Transat, WestJet, and
2756-496: The Experience Canada pavilion, and artificial lake, which were $ 23 million , $ 1.9 million , and $ 57,000 respectively, was the target of controversies . Participants of the Toronto summit were announced by Stephen Harper on May 8, 2010. Harper extended invitations to the leaders of Ethiopia and Malawi to further represent the continent of Africa along with South Africa , a G20 member. He also invited leaders of
2862-462: The G20 disagreed about which issues should be discussed at the summit. The prime focus of the summit discussions was the recovery from the ongoing global recession and the European debt crisis . Summit leaders were divided over which strategies would be best for tackling these problems. The European Union emphasized the need to cut their deficits by focusing on austerity measures. In contrast,
2968-554: The G8 and G20 summits their first international conferences . Australia's deputy prime minister, Wayne Swan , attended the summit on behalf of Julia Gillard , whose appointment as prime minister occurred on June 24. Brazilian president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva cancelled his trip to remain in his country due to the then-recent flooding in Northeastern Brazil ; in his place, Guido Mantega , Brazil's finance minister, headed
3074-399: The G8 and G20 summits was the topic of several political debates and the target of criticism by local groups. The reasons for the large price for both summits were questioned by some politicians and local groups. Members of Parliament Olivia Chow and Mark Holland labelled the initially claimed budget of $ 1.1-billion for hosting the summits as "obscene" and "insane" while others argued that
3180-503: The GTAA retained plans to reactivate the IFC for regular operations whenever necessary to accommodate seasonal or overflow demand. The terminal was substantially renovated in late 2015 to serve as a dedicated terminal for incoming government-sponsored refugees of the Syrian civil war . Further renovations were completed at the Infield Concourse in early 2018 and on June 5, 2018, the terminal
3286-602: The Integrated Security Units for the Winter Olympics and the G8/G20 summits, claimed that the security costs were in fact "comparable" with those of previous summits. Finance minister Jim Flaherty defended the security cost, claiming "it's necessary to spend substantially to have security. It's Canada's turn, and it's necessary that we either don't take our turn or pay the appropriate price to have
2010 G20 Toronto summit - Misplaced Pages Continue
3392-690: The Netherlands , Spain , Vietnam , and Nigeria . Toronto Pearson International Airport was the port of entry for delegates attending both the G8 and G20 summits. French president Nicolas Sarkozy and Chinese president Hu Jintao were the first of the G20 leaders to arrive. The arrival of Hu coincided with his state visit to Canada, hosted by Governor General of Canada Michaëlle Jean in Ottawa . Presidents Jacob Zuma of South Africa and Goodluck Jonathan of Nigeria arrived on June 24. British prime minister David Cameron arrived on June 25, following
3498-737: The Rogers Centre , was relocated to Citizens Bank Park in Philadelphia , after much discussion by league officials and amidst discontentment from fans, who highly anticipated the return of former Blue Jays pitcher Roy Halladay to Toronto after being traded to the Phillies; because the American League Blue Jays was still officially the "home" team, the series marked the first time in Major League history that
3604-639: The Toronto Star , at least 40 stores in the Downtown Yonge Business Improvement Area suffered damages and one repair firm performed up to $ 750,000 in repairs. On June 17, the United States Department of State issued a travel alert for Toronto, warning tourists of the expected traffic disruptions and potentially violent protests during the G20 summit. The alert, which was expected to expire on
3710-540: The United States emphasized the importance of maintaining economic stimulus spending in order to encourage growth. In summit discussions, the countries of the European Union explained projected reductions in spending and balanced budgets. Alternatively, China , India, and the United States argued in favor of increased stimulus funding to mitigate the effects of recession. Among the specifics proposed by
3816-626: The designated hitter was used in a National League ballpark during the regular season. Mirvish Productions cancelled performances of two musicals at its theatres, Rock of Ages and Mamma Mia! , during the week of the summit. Similarly, the Factory Theatre cancelled shows during the summit week. Highway 427 and the Gardiner Expressway , the route from Toronto Pearson International Airport in Mississauga to
3922-667: The 14th Prime Minister of Canada (1963–1968) and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957 for his humanitarian work in peacekeeping. Toronto Pearson is located 22.5 kilometres (14.0 mi) northwest of Downtown Toronto with the majority of the airport situated in Mississauga and a small portion of the airfield, along Silver Dart Drive north of Renforth Drive, extending into Toronto's western district of Etobicoke . It has five runways and two passenger terminals along with numerous cargo and maintenance facilities on
4028-547: The Convention Centre in downtown, periodically closed down for motorcades, and police jammed wireless reception along the two highways. Exits to Yonge Street and Bay Street from the Gardiner Expressway were closed during the summit dates. Toronto Transit Commission announced that subway stations near the convention centre would remain open and operational, despite some detoured bus routes and
4134-666: The Direct Energy Centre at the Exhibition Place . The Federal and Ontario governments constructed a 20,000-square-foot (1,858 m) pavilion, called Experience Canada or Canadian Corridor in the media centre to promote Canadian tourism internationally. The pavilion included three life-sized government-funded displays: Cityscape , which showcased successful Canadian businesses and innovation; The Bridge , which included information kiosks for media personnel as well as large high-definition screens that televised
4240-722: The Domestic, International and Transborder zones, with the Signature Suite being in the International Zone. In addition to the eight lounges, Air Canada operates the Air Canada Cafe, in which premium passengers have the ability to enter the café to get premium coffee, tea and grab-and-go snacks. In the domestic section of the arrivals level, there are some retailers both before and after security checkpoints, such as 7-Eleven (convenience goods), which
4346-738: The European Union were a global bank tax and a Robin Hood tax , but the United States and Canada opposed these plans. Other topics of concern were international development and continuing international aid to Africa and other developing nations. Some invitees expressed criticism of Israel 's Gaza strip blockade and of the nuclear programs of North Korea and the United States raised issues of corruption and security in Afghanistan . Security officials began preparing for summit security in Toronto in February 2010. General policing and patrolling
2010 G20 Toronto summit - Misplaced Pages Continue
4452-483: The G20 countries. Parliament20 (P20) Engagement Group, started during Canada’s Presidency in 2010, is led by Speakers from Parliaments of G20 countries. Science 20 (S20) meetings and summits draw together academics and civil society delegates from the G20 countries. Supreme Audit Institutions 20 (SAI20) is an Engagement Group introduced by the Indonesian Presidency in 2022. It is a forum to discuss
4558-408: The G20 countries. Urban 20 (U20) summits are summits of cities from the G20 countries. First W20 women's summit organized by German Chancellor Angela Merkel . Y20 summits are summits of young leaders and changemakers from 18 to 30 years old from the G20 countries. O20 summits are summits to discuss the ocean agenda with the civil society of the G20 countries. J20 summits are summits to gather
4664-459: The G20 holds ministerial-level meetings on specific topics such as finance, trade, agriculture, affordable and accessible healthcare, pharma, tech series, technology advancements, health, and energy. These meetings involve ministers or high-level representatives from member countries who deliberate on policy matters, share experiences, and explore opportunities for collaboration majorly G20 finance and economy ministers, and central bank governors lead
4770-558: The G20 summit should be held at an isolated venue, such as the Exhibition Place , rather than the Metro Toronto Convention Centre, which is located in the city's central business district . As a result, during the aftermath of the protests during the summit, when several business and properties in Downtown Toronto were damaged, mayor David Miller urged the federal government to compensate for all
4876-445: The G8 and the G20 summits was determined to be $ 1.8 billion , paid entirely by the federal Crown - in-Council , excluding the costs of any possible damage to local business. The ISU created a security perimeter, beginning with the outer boundary, specifically bordered by King Street to the north, Lake Shore Boulevard to the south, Yonge Street to the east, and Spadina Avenue to the west, where vehicles would be restricted during
4982-456: The GTAA, which are used for line maintenance and routine aircraft inspections . At the north end of the airfield are numerous independently operated hangars for charter aircraft and personal private aircraft based at Pearson Airport, along with passenger and maintenance facilities to service them. The Greater Toronto Airports Authority maintains administrative offices on Convair Drive, near
5088-509: The Harper government, saying, "we've got a government here that has to create an artificial lake when Canada has more lakes than just about any other country in the world. It is the taxpayers who are going to end up at the bottom of the fake lake." Transport minister John Baird defended the artificial lake, saying that the summits gave a "chance to showcase the very best that [Canada] has to offer." Foreign affairs minister Lawrence Cannon said it
5194-607: The Malton Airport to the Government of Canada, which subsequently renamed the facility to Toronto International Airport, under the management of Transport Canada . The airport was officially renamed Lester B. Pearson International Airport on January 2, 1984, in honour of Toronto-born Lester B. Pearson , the 14th prime minister of Canada and recipient of the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize . The Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) assumed management, operation, and control of
5300-572: The Malton Airport was a Trans-Canada Air Lines DC-3 that landed on August 29, 1939. During World War II , the Royal Canadian Air Force established a base at the airport as a component of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan . RCAF Station Malton was home to several training schools and was in operation between 1940 and 1946. In 1958, the municipal government of Toronto sold
5406-430: The Toronto summit, it was speculated that it would not see the same outcome as previous summits. This was partially due to most countries' entering recovery mode from the global economic recession after the past G20 summits; thus, the likelihood of new issues being raised was minimal. During the working dinner for G20 leaders on the evening of June 26, South African president [Jacob Zuma] promoted more partnership between
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#17327943042855512-489: The US preclearance departures area. The Infield Concourse (IFC) was originally built to handle traffic displaced during the development and construction of the current Terminal 1. Its 11 gates were opened gradually throughout 2002 and 2003, and a business lounge was opened in 2005. In 2009, the Infield Concourse was closed for regular operations in conjunction with the official opening of the newly constructed Terminal 1. However,
5618-556: The agency responsible for regulating the sale of alcohol in Ontario. An eight-level parking garage with 8,400 public parking spaces (including 700 rental car spaces) across from Terminal 1 is connected to the terminal by several elevated and enclosed pedestrian walkways. Terminal 1 is home to the ThyssenKrupp Express Walkway, the world's fastest moving walkway . Terminal 3 opened in 1991. The building
5724-736: The airfield connected with multiple large jet parking bays and logistics handling facilities for servicing the Greater Toronto Area. Bombardier Aviation 's Bombardier Global Express business jet final assembly are completed at the factory located on the north side of Toronto Pearson since 2023. The Union Pearson Express (UP Express) is an airport rail link running between Pearson Airport and Union Station in Downtown Toronto , with intermediate stops at Weston and Bloor GO Train stations. Trains depart every 15 minutes from Toronto Pearson Terminal 1 station and provide
5830-558: The airport in 1996, and has used the name Toronto Pearson International Airport for the facility since the transition. Since Toronto has more than one airport, YTO is used for the area designation, while Pearson is coded YYZ, Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport is YTZ and Toronto/ Buttonville Municipal Airport in Markham , until its closure on November 24, 2023, was YKZ. YZ was the code for the station in Malton, Ontario, where Pearson Airport
5936-462: The airport terminals are situated outside of the Toronto city limits, TTC bus services at Pearson Airport do not require a supplementary fare . TTC buses serve both Terminal 1 and Terminal 3. Two public transit operators based in Peel Region also operate routes to the airport: Brampton Transit and MiWay . Brampton Transit operates all-day public transit bus service from Pearson Airport to
6042-544: The airport to more than 180 destinations across five continents . The airport is supported by around 50,000 employees (1800 with GTAA) excluding airline staff and policing. In 1937, the Government of Canada agreed to support the building of two airports in the Toronto area. One site selected was on the Toronto Islands , which is the present-day Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport . The other site selected
6148-503: The airport, with more than 80 firefighters providing fire and rescue operations at Toronto Pearson. They are equipped with six crash tenders as well as several pumpers , aerial ladders , and heavy rescue units. The GTAA Fire and Emergency Service operates in conjunction with the Fire and Emergency Services Training Institute (FESTI), located at the northwest end of the airport grounds. Toronto Pearson handles approximately half of all
6254-476: The artificial lake, such as "Harper's Folly". In a debate in the House of Commons, member Mark Holland said, "Instead of hosting world leaders, maybe the government should consider party planning for Lady Gaga ." According to some critics, the spending misled the objective of the summits into showing off Canada's attributes instead of promoting the summits' agendas. New Democratic Party leader Jack Layton condemned
6360-567: The city of Brampton , with express service operating to Bramalea Terminal . Brampton Transit buses arrive and depart from Terminal 1. MiWay operates all-day public transit bus service from Pearson Airport to the city of Mississauga , with express service to City Centre Transit Terminal , Humber College , and Winston Churchill Transitway Station , and local routes to Westwood Square Terminal , Renforth station , and Meadowvale Town Centre Terminal . MiWay buses arrive and depart from Terminal 1, Terminal 3, Toronto Pearson Viscount station , and
6466-564: The closure of Queens Quay Station . Via Rail announced that it would not operate at Union Station during the summit dates, instead providing shuttle bus service from the Yorkdale and Scarborough Centre bus terminals to the Brampton and Oshawa stations respectively. Nav Canada announced that it would place restrictions on the airspace in Toronto, making it limited to commercial flights only while all others would be restricted within
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#17327943042856572-628: The closure of seven liquor stores in the downtown core during the summit as a precaution to looting. The PATH , CN Tower , University of Toronto , Art Gallery of Ontario , and the Ontario Legislative Building were also closed to public during the summit dates. A three-game Major League Baseball series between the Toronto Blue Jays and the Philadelphia Phillies , scheduled June 25 to 27 at
6678-497: The convention centre were removed to prevent them from being used as weapons by protesters. Other removed municipal properties include 745 newspaper boxes, 200 public trash cans, 70 mailboxes, 29 bus shelters, and 5 public information boards. Canada's largest banks , which are headquartered in Downtown Toronto, made plans to have employees work at alternate sites outside their downtown facilities, such as at home or in other branches. The Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) announced
6784-522: The costs of the Huntsville and Toronto gatherings that other countries had not been as open about the full price for the similar meetings held there and that the $ 18 million figure for the Pittsburgh summit was merely for overtime pay for local police and the cost of law enforcement brought from other regions. Ward Elcock , former Canadian Security Intelligence Service director and the chief of
6890-411: The damages. It was initially outlined by the government that only damages to businesses within the security zone would be compensated. However, all damages occurred outside of the security zone. Some businesses in the downtown core suffered financially as a result. According to Member of Parliament John McCallum , "Stephen Harper made a huge mistake in holding this summit in downtown Toronto." According to
6996-429: The discussions and decisions made at higher-level meetings. These groups bring together experts and officials to exchange knowledge and develop practical recommendations. G20 engagement groups and pre-conferences are meetings with various stakeholders. These groups make policy recommendations to G20 leaders and help shape the summit agenda. Sherpas are senior officials who represent their respective countries and play
7102-499: The east–west direction, and two in the north–south direction. A large network of taxiways , collectively measuring over 40 km (25 mi) in length, provides access between the runways and the passenger terminals, air cargo areas, and airline hangar areas. Toronto Pearson is home to the Toronto Area Control Centre , one of seven area control centres in Canada operated by Nav Canada . The airport uses
7208-652: The exact cost for holding both summits was $ 857,901,850.31, making it less expensive than the security costs for the 2010 Winter Olympics. It was initially claimed that the summits stand as the most expensive ever held, with security costs for the London and Pittsburgh reported as having been only $ 30 million and $ 18 million , respectively. However, the Canadian Parliamentary Budget Officer , Kevin Page , stated in his official report on
7314-490: The expansion of new Terminal 1. Terminal 3 retains its numbering to prevent confusion and it would have cost millions of dollars in replacement signage had it been renumbered. The Terminal 2 designation is reserved for a future terminal separate from Terminal 3. The current Terminal 1 opened in 2004, replacing Aeroquay One (also referred to by its retronym: the original Terminal 1 ) and Terminal 2 . Measuring over 346,000 square metres (3,724,000 sq ft), Terminal 1
7420-429: The financial sector reform, but the manner of collecting the contributions would be left to each government. Participants also decided that the institutions would be required to keep a higher amount of financial capital in case of future financial shocks . Climate change and food security were also discussed; the leaders reiterated their commitment to a " greener growth". The G20 Toronto Summit Declaration , which
7526-484: The following day, protests against police brutality occurred in front of the Eastern Avenue temporary detention centre, where nearly 500 arrested individuals were kept from the previous day's riots. A group of protesters was also " kettled " for around four-and-a-half hours, including a severe rainstorm after black bloc protesters were believed to be in the crowd. Over 1100 people were confirmed to be arrested over
7632-404: The highest level of meetings, where heads of state or government from member countries come together to discuss key global issues. These summits usually take place annually and are hosted by different member countries. They provide an opportunity for leaders to engage in high-level discussions, negotiate agreements, and set priorities for international cooperation. In addition to the summits,
7738-460: The important role played by SAIs globally in ensuring transparency and accountability, and in promoting cooperation among the G20 members. Startup 20 Engagement Group has been initiated under G20 India presidency of 2023 which aspires to create a global narrative for supporting startups and enabling synergies between startups, corporates, investors, innovation agencies and other key ecosystem stakeholders. T20 summits are summits of think tanks from
7844-483: The international air cargo in Canada. The airport has three main cargo facilities, known as Cargo West (Infield), Cargo East (VISTA), and Cargo North ( FedEx ). The Cargo West facility (also known as the Infield Cargo Area) is located between runways 15L/33R and 15R/33L. It is a multi-tenant facility including three large buildings with 52,600 square metres (566,000 sq ft) of warehouse space,
7950-516: The international community and Africa for the development in the continent. "As Africa we bring to the G20 Summit the key message that we must, together as the developing and developed worlds, promote stronger and more effective and equal international partnerships for growth and development," he remarked. At the summit, the US president Barack Obama warned that global recovery was still "fragile." In hopes of boosting American exports, he proposed
8056-534: The last day of the summit, stated that "Even demonstrations that are meant to be peaceful can become violent and unpredictable." Toronto Mayor David Miller described the warning as an "over-reaction." During the summit, a few overseas reporters commented on Canada and the summits. A reporter of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) made positive remarks about Canada's economy, saying "The Canadians, it seems, have answers for even
8162-655: The main express bus service to the airport from Kipling station on Line 2 Bloor–Danforth of the Toronto subway , and route 52 Lawrence West / 352 Lawrence West Night / 952 Lawrence West Express operate service along Lawrence Avenue to Lawrence and Lawrence West stations on the subway's Line 1 Yonge–University . Additionally, route 900 Airport Express buses have a unique airport-themed livery and luggage racks. The TTC Blue Night Network operates local night bus routes to Warden Avenue in Toronto's east end via Bloor Street and Danforth Avenue , Eglinton station via Eglinton Avenue and Sunnybrook Hospital . Although
8268-603: The meetings. Locations in bold text indicate the meeting was concurrent with a G20 summit. Ministerial meetings are not always held in the summit host's country. The G20 Finance Track includes meetings of finance ministers and central bank governors from member countries. They discuss global economic and financial issues, review the progress of ongoing initiatives, and coordinate policies to foster economic stability and growth. G20 Working Groups are specialized task forces that focus on specific areas of interest. They work on policy development, research, and coordination to support
8374-537: The money could have been used for long-pending municipal projects in Canada, such as Transit City . The security cost for the two summits was believed to be more expensive than the combined security costs of the 2010 Winter Olympics and Paralympics in Vancouver and Whistler, British Columbia , which were $ 878 million . However, according to final calculations from the House of Commons of Canada as of October 2010,
8480-542: The nation's delegation. After the G8 summit in Huntsville, Ontario ended, Cameron, whose aircraft was grounded due to weather conditions, shared transportation to Toronto in Marine One with US President, Barack Obama . Major protests occurred in downtown Toronto during the week of the summit, which abruptly escalated during the days of the summit. Early opposition to the G20 included an incident in Ottawa where
8586-589: The need to recheck bags, pass through security screening, and relieves congestion in the primary customs hall. International-to-domestic passengers use the same corridor and a bus for one-stop security procedures, which avoids having to re-clear security if coming from another country with a mutual agreement. The terminal has a total of eight lounges, with five of the lounges being Air Canada–operated lounges (three Maple Leaf Lounges, one Maple Leaf Express Lounge and one Signature Suite) and three being Plaza Premium operated. Both Air Canada and Plaza Premium have lounges in
8692-951: The next calendar day. The Terminal Link (formerly the Link Train) is an automated people mover that facilitates inter-terminal transportation at Pearson Airport. It runs between Terminal 1, Terminal 3, and Toronto Pearson Viscount station located at the Viscount Value Park Lot, connecting directly to the airport terminals at Toronto Pearson Terminal 1 station and Toronto Pearson Terminal 3 station . The Terminal Link train operates daily, 24-hour service with trains departing all stations every 4 to 8 minutes. Several public transit bus services operate bus routes to Toronto Pearson International Airport. Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) operates daily, 24-hour public transit bus service from Pearson Airport to various subway stations in Toronto, with route 900 Airport Express being
8798-418: The organization insisted that balanced public spending could stabilize bond markets , reduce interest rates from less government spending, and encourage private investment. It also recommended that emerging economies such as China , which has largely benefited from trade surpluses, rely less on developed nations and increase their own spending in order to promote domestic demand. The financial costs of hosting
8904-609: The other hand, condemned the international media centre's artificial lake. Looking forward, French president Nicolas Sarkozy announced that the costs for hosting the proposed 2011 G20 Cannes summit and 37th G8 summit in France would be one-tenth of Canada's. List of G20 summits The following list of G20 summits summarizes all G20 conferences held at various different levels: summits of heads of state or heads of government, ministerial-level meetings, Engagement Group meetings and others. G20 Summits: The G20 Summits are
9010-454: The security that is necessary so that everyone is safe here in Toronto." The creation of the $ 23-million international media centre, which included the $ 1.9 million Experience Canada pavilion and $ 57,000 artificial lake, at the Exhibition Place was widely opposed and criticized by politicians as "a waste of taxpayers' money." Criticism mainly targeted Stephen Harper and Canada's Conservative government . Some protesting groups gave names to
9116-401: The southeast corner of the airfield. Gate Gourmet and CLS Catering Services both operate dedicated flight kitchen facilities at Pearson Airport for airline catering services. Aviation fuel is supplied by Esso Avitat (Jet A-1) and Shell Aerocentre (Jet A and A-1), both located in the infield operations area of the airport. FedEx has a large distribution centre on the north side of
9222-399: The summit dates. Residents who lived within the security zone were issued registration cards prior to the summit and other pedestrians who wished to enter the security zone were only able to do so at one of 38 checkpoints, where they were required to present two pieces of photo identification and provide justification for entry. The area surrounding the Metro Toronto Convention Centre itself
9328-506: The summit in Downtown Toronto . The event was part of the largest and most expensive security operation in Canadian history . Many hundreds of members of the public were wrongfully detained, some held in inhumane conditions. The total combined cost between the 36th G8 summit in Huntsville and the G20 summit in Toronto including security, infrastructure, and hospitality, was determined to be approximately C$ 858 million. Many leaders of
9434-403: The summit in Huntsville, Ontario , where the 36th G8 summit was scheduled immediately prior. Organizers later deemed the town insufficient to provide hospitality for the large number of G20 delegates and journalists, favouring Toronto as the host location. Organizers formed an Integrated Security Unit , consisting of police officers from several regional departments, to provide security during
9540-410: The summit itself were the object of protests. Despite a few arrests, protests over the week were mainly determined to be peaceful. As the first day of the summit approached, protesters grew in numbers. Several streets were closed to demonstrations on the debut of the summit. Peaceful protests were followed by black bloc tactics as individuals dressed in black dispersed from the crowd and began damaging
9646-486: The summit. The ISU decided on also using water cannons for riot control . The security perimeter even extended into the waters of Lake Ontario and included a Maritime Security Operation with numerous Police vessels and the Canadian Coast Guard Ship Griffon patrolling to discourage international demonstrators from unlawful entry into Canada. A former film studio located on Eastern Avenue
9752-499: The supreme courts of the G20 countries. Toronto Pearson International Airport Toronto Pearson International Airport ( IATA : YYZ , ICAO : CYYZ ) is an international airport located in Mississauga , Ontario , Canada. It is the main airport serving Toronto , its metropolitan area , and the surrounding region known as the Golden Horseshoe . The airport is named in honour of Lester B. Pearson , who served as
9858-589: The toughest puzzles and they are keen to share their strategies with the rest of the world. Why in this economy, we all want to be Canadian." A writer in The New York Times made positive comments about the summits' preparations and natural beauty of the Muskoka region. The Times of India and The Hindu commented on impacts on city life in Toronto due to the G20 summit and the "unprecedented" security measures taken in Canada. A Reuters reporter, on
9964-438: The twenty-one representatives of the G20 major economies, leaders of six invited nations, and eight additional intergovernmental organizations also took part in the summit. Prior to the summit, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced that the theme would be "recovery and new beginnings," referring to an anticipated economic stimulus from the impact of the ongoing world recession . Harper initially proposed to hold
10070-519: The unit expands into a dedicated 24-hour snow removal team of more than 200 workers tasked with ensuring normal operations at the airport, as Toronto Pearson regularly experiences 110 to 130 centimetres (43 to 51 in) of total snow accumulation in a typical winter season. The airport employs over 94 pieces of snow removal equipment , including 11 Vammas PSB series, four Oshkosh Corporation Snow Products HT-Series snowplow units, and 14 snowmelters . Pearson Airport's Central De-icing Facility
10176-453: The week. The ISU performed sweeping arrests within a specific boundary from the summit venue. Individuals arrested during the protests condemned the treatment they received from police. Ultimately, a constable would be convicted of assaulting a protestor and a superintendent of unlawful arrest and discreditable conduct for ordering the "kettling" incidents; both received notional punishments and kept their police jobs. In October, 2020, more than
10282-448: The windows of particular businesses across downtown Toronto, mostly fast food chains , retail stores and banks, as well as local businesses. Police cruisers were set on fire and vehicles of media corporations were damaged. Nearby hospitals, shopping centres, and hotels were put in lockdown mode while public transit services were diverted from downtown to other locations. As security was further tightened and forces increased in presence
10388-476: Was "normal practice" for a country to showcase its attributes while hosting world events. Harper also defended by saying, "This is a classic attempt for us to be able to market the country." Upon its opening, the artificial lake received mostly negative reviews from Canadian reporters. The summit's economic impact was a major concern of a few local politicians and citizens. The City of Toronto government , as well as some public representatives, previously argued that
10494-449: Was an area northwest of Toronto near the town of Malton in what was then Toronto Township (which would later become Mississauga to avoid confusion with the nearby city of Toronto), which was originally intended to serve as an alternate to the downtown airport but instead would become its successor due to having a much larger space without being constrained by Lake Ontario and Toronto Inner Harbour. The first scheduled passenger flight at
10600-500: Was designated as a temporary detention centre for individuals arrested during the summit. Toronto Police Service announced that Trinity Bellwoods Park would be the designated protest area, but following opposition from local residents, police relocated the designated protest zone to the northern part of Queen's Park . Canada Post declared that it would remove post boxes in the security zone. Toronto Parking Authority removed some parking meters as well. Small trees along sidewalks around
10706-814: Was designed by a joint venture known as Airports Architects Canada made up of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill , Adamson Associates Architects and Moshe Safdie and Associates . It contains 58 gates, with two of them being able to accommodate the Airbus A380 . Along with the standard customs and immigration facilities, Terminal 1 also contains special customs "B" checkpoints along the international arrivals walkway. Passengers connecting from an international or trans-border arrival to another international (non-U.S.) departure in Terminal 1 go to one of these checkpoints for passport control and immigration checks, then are immediately directed to Pier E for departure. This alleviates
10812-497: Was fenced and off-limits to civilians and protesters. The 3-metre (10 ft) high fence, contracted to SNC-Lavalin by Public Works and Government Services Canada and installed by two Gormley, Ontario -based companies, was built at a cost of $ 5.5-million and installation began on June 7. The Toronto Police Service installed 77 additional closed-circuit television security cameras in the area and purchased four Long Range Acoustic Devices which were to be in use exclusively during
10918-1185: Was provided by the Toronto Police Service , the Ontario Provincial Police , the Royal Canadian Mounted Police , and the Canadian Forces , while the Peel Regional Police aided in policing at Toronto Pearson International Airport in Mississauga during the arrivals of delegates. The five departments formed an Integrated Security Unit (ISU), similar to the one created for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver . Additional officers were deployed from York Regional Police , Halton Regional Police Service , Barrie Police Service ,Greater Sudbury Police Service, Waterloo Regional Police Service , Niagara Regional Police Service , Hamilton Police Service , Ottawa Police Service , and Service de police de la Ville de Montréal . Calgary Police Service supplied 150 volunteer police officers
11024-416: Was reactivated for summer operations by the GTAA to act as an extension of Terminal 3 with the purpose of providing required additional bridged gates . Passengers are transported by bus between Terminal 3 and the IFC. Effective December 2019, Sunwing Airlines moved their operations from Terminal 3 to the IFC. Due to its intermittent usage for passenger traffic, the Infield Concourse is frequently used as
11130-552: Was released shortly after the summit concluded, stated that "serious challenges remain." According to the document, the challenges include high unemployment rates in various economies and the concurrent existence of the impact of the financial crisis . The International Monetary Fund , in its post-summit document, indicated that a speedy cut in deficits may substantially slow growth. In a publication entitled Top Ten Commandments for Fiscal Adjustment in Advanced Economies ,
11236-506: Was renovated and expanded in late 2022 and remains the only "dry" 7-Eleven location in Ontario as Pearson Airport does not allow the bulk sale of alcoholic beverages outside of duty-free areas amid the expansion of the sale of alcoholic beverages to all other 7-Eleven locations and most other convenience stores in Ontario on September 5, 2024, as Pearson Airport is outside the jurisdiction of the Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario (AGCO),
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