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39-705: Before 2013, G219 ran from Yecheng (Karghilik) in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region to Lhatse in the Tibet Autonomous Region . It was 2,342 km (1,455 mi) long. This section was completed in September 1957. India disagrees with China over its 180 km (112 mi) territorial footprint in Aksai Chin . During the 1962 war , China defended the road, also pushing its western frontier further west. For

78-496: A rhyme describing those mountain passes: (optional preamble) 行车新藏线，不亚蜀道难。 库地达坂险，犹似鬼门关； 麻扎达坂尖，陡升五千三； 黑卡达坂旋，九十九道弯； 界山达坂弯，喘气真是难。 (alternate to last line) 界山达坂弯，伸手可摸天。 (optional preamble) Driving the Xinjiang-Tibet road, no easier than the ancient roads to Sichuan . Kudi Daban is very dangerous, just like the gates of hell; Mazar Daban is very pointy, soaring five thousand and three; Heiqia Daban

117-701: A number of roads are commonly identified as the main routes. There were five such main roads across the Qinling Mountains, counting from west to east: The Lianyun Road (连云道, Liányún Dào , "Cloud Linking Road") was a connection between the first two. Between Hanzhong and the Sichuan basin, there were three main Shu roads: The most used stretch of main road in recent times was the Great Post Road, or Great Road, that stretched from Beijing to Chengdu and

156-408: Is a small town with a market, some shops and a bank. Large-scale irrigation has transformed huge areas of desert into productive agricultural land. Yecheng is the main centre for Chinese immigration into western Xinjiang and it has become quite a large, sprawling town. The total economic output of the town for that year of 2011 was valued at 309,812,200 CNY . As of 1997 , 78.7% of the residents of

195-560: Is very loopy, with ninety-nine bends in the road; Jieshan Daban is very curvy, but breathing now is really hard. (alternate to last line) Jieshan Daban is very curvy, an extended hand will touch the sky. The route was expanded in the China National Highway Network Planning (2013–2030) both northward and eastward to span the entire Chinese western and southern border. The new route will measure over 10,000 km (6,214 mi), making it by far

234-811: The Han River , a tributary of the Yangtze . The Hanzhong basin is divided from the Sichuan basin by mountain ranges called the Micang Shan (米倉山/米仓山, Mǐcāng Shān , "Rice Granary Mountains") in the west and Daba Mountains in the east. The Sichuan basin and the Hanzhong basin both drain into the Yangtze. Like many ancient road systems, the Shu Roads formed a network of major and minor roads with different roads being used at different historical times. However,

273-621: The People's Liberation Army at the edge of the Aksai Chin . Near the town of Mazar many trekkers turn off for both the Karakorum range and K2 base camp. Approaching the Xinjiang border, past the final Tibetan settlement of Tserang Daban is a dangerous 5,050-meter-high pass. Tibetan nomads in the area herd both yaks and two-humped camels. Descending through the western Kunlun Shan, the road crosses additional passes of 4,000 and 3,000 meters, and

312-632: The Yarkand River . During the Former Han period, this place was referred to as Xiye ( Chinese : 西夜 ; Wade–Giles : Hsi-yeh ). It was described as having 350 households, 4,000 people and 1,000 men able to bear arms. It was ruled by a king of a neighboring area called Zihe ( Chinese : 子合 ; Wade–Giles : Tzu-ho ). In the Later Han period it was also known as Piaosha which translates literally as "drifting sands". It

351-542: The state of Qin , the capital of which was then Xianyang (near present-day Xi'an ), conquered Shu and its eastern neighbour, the Ba Federation. Related to this conquest, the first roads were built through the mountains. Of the Golden Ox Road there is a tale that the ruler of Shu had built it in order to send the ruler of Qin a golden ox as a gift. So it is possible that the southern section of this road

390-425: The 'Aksai Chin road', and the 'Sky Road'. About 180 km (112 mi) passes through Aksai Chin. Through 1950s China planned and constructed a road through its western frontier in Xinjiang and Tibet (Hotan/Rutog). China announced completion of the road in September 1957. A number of reasons for building the road has been conceptualized, including cementing China's control over the region. India supposedly learnt of

429-617: The G219, the G564 and the G365, and the S205, S206, S207. China 14th five-year plan for 2021–2025 further improves connectivity with G219. As one of the highest motorable roads in the world, the breathtaking scenery of Rutog County also ranks as some of the most inhospitable terrain on the planet. Domar township—a town of concrete blocks and nomad tents—is one of the bleakest and most remote outposts of

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468-572: The Shu Roads to attack the Kingdom of Wei. Following Kongming's death, Plank Roads were burned on at least two occasions to defend Hanzhong; once by the traitor Wei Yan and once by the patriot Jiang Wei, but nothing could save Shu Han. Afterwards the Plank Roads were restored and the traffic continued to flow. On his Asian journey (1271–1295) Marco Polo spent the years 1275 to 1295 in China during

507-583: The Tangluo Road was an official postal road and the Baoye Road was in constant use. It is likely he wrote of one of these roads. During times of conflict, sections of the plank roads were sometimes burned as a military stratagem. One such conflict was after the overthrow of the Qin dynasty in 206 BC, when the successful leader of the revolt, Xiang Yu , banished his strongest rival Liu Bang to be ruler of

546-509: The Yuan period. He left a clear description of the Great Road from Beijing to Chengdu, and included its major Shu Roads sections. Later, China's centres of population and economy moved out of the western mountain regions to the eastern plains. The flows of traffic changed in the same way. But the Shu Roads remained important for communication between the western basins. During the troubles at

585-713: The beginning of the Taiyan period (435-439 CE) and tribute was sent regularly after that. It later fell under the power of the Hephthalites and then the Western Turks . In 639 the ruler sent an embassy to the Chinese court and by 659 was included as part of the region called the "Four Garrisons" by the Chinese after their defeat of the Turkish chief, Duman. The population were presumably converted to Islam soon after

624-527: The construction a couple of years after the road construction started. Despite the historic remoteness of the region, both sides lay claim to the area. The road entered disputed territory "just east of Sarigh Jilgnang" after which it ran through a number of locations India recognized as its territory such as Haji Langar, and usage was claimed by India to be in contravention to the Sino-Indian Agreement 1954 . The following years saw China repave

663-472: The end of Ming period, Sichuan suffered material damage and loss of population through various raids and invasions. Long sections of the Shu Roads fell into disrepair. Under the rule of the Qing dynasty , Sichuan was rebuilt, and the Shu Roads were repaired. They remained important routes for traffic until the first decades of the 20th century. The first modern motor road was opened in Sichuan in 1937 and reached

702-543: The final pass offers brilliant views of the Taklamakan Desert far below before descending into the Karakax River basin. The Chinese government is making efforts to promote tourism along G219. There are a number of military check posts along the road. Download coordinates as: (Yecheng ) Aksai Chin * The western portion of the highway has numerous notable mountain passes. Motorists have invented

741-417: The first time after the 1960s, between 2010-2012, China spent CN¥3 Billion ($ 476 million) repaving the Xinjiang section spanning just over 650 km (404 mi). China's 13th (2016–2020) and 14th (2021–2025) five-year plans both included development of the road and connectivity with other roads. Construction of this road as a gravel road was started in 1951. It is also known as the 'Yehchang–Gartok road',

780-586: The longest National Highway. The section along the China-Vietnam border is also known as the Yanbian Highway (沿边公路, literally: along the border highway ). China National Highway 112 runs around Beijing Before 2013, Mainland China observed National Highway 228 as Taiwan Ring, composed of several National Expressway (Republic of China) and Taiwan provincial highways, this designation is not recognized by Republic of China (Taiwan). This observation

819-628: The militant group, studied from 1984 to 1989. In 1994, the Chinese character name for the town was set as Kageleke (喀格勒克镇). On 28 February 2012, ethnic Uyghurs, wielding knives, attacked a market in Yecheng , killing 13 people, mostly ethnic Han. The police shot & killed the seven Uyghur attackers. Kargilik Town is located on the alluvial fan of the Tizinafu River located in the northern part of Kargilik County. Chasa Meschit Township (Qiasameiqite, Qiasimiqiti) surrounds Kargilik Town on

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858-537: The new religion arrived in the Tarim Basin about 1006 CE. During the 1800s, Kargalik contained many foreign slaves who had integrated into the Chinese state. After being freed, many slaves such as Gilgitis in Xinjiang cities like Tashkurgan, Yarkand and Karghallik, stayed rather than return Hunza in Gilgit . Most of these slaves were women who married local slaves and free men and had children with them. Sometimes

897-525: The north, east and south. To the west, the town borders Yitimliqum Township (Yitimukong). As of 2019, Kargilik Town included fifty-two residential communities : ( Mandarin Chinese pinyin -derived names ) As of 2009: In earlier times it was important as the usual starting-point for caravans to India, through the Pamirs , via Tashkurghan , or through Ladakh by the Karakoram passes. Today there

936-529: The plank roads, secretly march on Chencang” ( 明修栈道，暗渡陈仓 ) to describe this stratagem. Later Liu Bang founded the Han dynasty and in peacetime, the mountain roads were rebuilt. Another example occurred four hundred years later, in the age of the Three Kingdoms . The founder of the state of Shu Han , Liu Bei , had a famous advisor and Prime Minister Zhuge Liang (also called Kongming) who made constant use of

975-538: The remote kingdoms of Han, Shu and Ba. Retreating with his army to Hanzhong, at the suggestion of his advisor Zhang Liang , Liu destroyed the plank roads immediately after his passage in order to stop any pursuers. Then, to deceive Xiang Yu of his intentions to attack the three kings of Qin, some say he pretended to repair the Plank Roads as his Generalissimo Han Xin took what is now called the Chencang Road to attack Chencang. Even today, Chinese say “openly repair

1014-477: The road began in late 2010. By July 2012 and with an expenditure of CN¥3 Billion ($ 476 million), the Xinjiang section spanning just over 650 km (404 mi) was completed. This was the first repaving since the 1960s, according to a Chinese road administration official. The 13th five-year plan of China (2016–2020) further upgraded the road. In 2013 the road was upgraded to asphalt . A number of provincial roads have been and are being developed which exit off from

1053-411: The road which resulted in localized tension. One of the reasons for the 1962 war was the defence of that road. In the defence of the road, China pushed its western frontier further west. Dispute over the territory persists to the present time. There is a Chinese war memorial on the G219 at Kangxiwar . A number of lateral roads have been constructed with scattered military infrastructure. Repaving of

1092-548: The sides of cliffs. The roads join three adjacent basins separated and surrounded by high mountains. The northern basin is called Guanzhong ("between the passes"). It is drained by the Yellow River . In ancient times it was the heart of the state of Qin , nowadays it is the central region of Shaanxi . To the south it is bounded by the Qinling Mountains . South of that range is the Hanzhong basin, drained by

1131-627: The town were Uyghur . Yecheng is served by China National Highways 219 , 315 and the Kashgar-Hotan Railway . Shudao The Shudao ( Chinese : 蜀道 ; pinyin : Shǔdào ), or the Road(s) to Shu , is a system of mountain roads linking the Chinese province of Shaanxi with Sichuan (Shu), built and maintained since the 4th century BC. Technical highlights were the gallery roads , consisting of wooden planks erected on wooden or stone beams slotted into holes cut into

1170-582: The town. It is situated on the southern rim of the Taklamakan desert, about halfway between Pishan and Yarkand on the southern route around the Tarim Basin . It is about 50 km north of Kokyar . The rich loess terraces of the oasis are watered by the Tiznaf river and several smaller streams. They are joined to the north by a belt of cultivated land stretching about 40 km from the town of Yecheng to

1209-473: The women were married to their masters, other slaves or free men who were not their masters. There were ten slave men to slave women married couples and 15 master-female slave couples, with several other non-master free men married to slave women. Both slaves and free Turki and Chinese men fathered children with Hunza slave women. A free man, Khas Muhammad, was married with two children to a female slave named Daulat, aged 24. A Gilgiti slave woman aged 26, Makhmal,

China National Highway 219 - Misplaced Pages Continue

1248-467: Was announced in 2022, including new small purpose connection highways (601-701). Kargilik Town Kargilik ( Uyghur : قاغىلىق ) or Yecheng ( Chinese : 叶城 ) is a town in Xinjiang , China. It is to the southeast of Kashgar , at a distance of 249 km by road and is north of Mazar by 249 km. It is the seat of Kargilik (Yecheng) County . Kargilik/Yecheng is the name of both the oasis and

1287-512: Was constructed by Shu with other roads being built by Qin State. Over time, sections not consisting of planks were replaced by flagstones and steps. Nevertheless, they were still a challenge for travellers. In the Tang period, Li Bai wrote about the "hard road to Shu", and about "ladders to heaven made of timber and stones". Along the roads fortified control posts and cities were built. At that time,

1326-465: Was eventually dropped in new National Highway plans, replaced by Dandong-Dongxing Highway. A extension plan of the highway system was announced in 2013, including extension of existing highways(101-112, 201-227, 301-330) and new highways (North-South 228-248, East-West 331-361, Connections 501-581). Only small portions of them needs to be constructed from scratch; most of the new highways would be upgraded provincial/county highways. Another extension plan

1365-636: Was in operation from the Yuan period to the Republican period. Postal stations, rest stops and garrisons were established along the length of the road. Its Shu Road section was a composite. After Xi’an it used linking roads through Guanzhong , then sections of the Chencang Road, the Lianyun Road, and the Baoye Road to reach the Han Basin. It then joined the Jinniu Road to Chengdu. In 316 BC,

1404-492: Was made into cakes. The inhabitants did not allow the slaughter of animals and only ate those which had died a natural death. Many of them lived in the mountains. They resembled the people of Khotan in their language and customs while their writing was like that of the Brahmans from India. Xuanzang , travelling through the country in 644 CE, described it as being very fertile, with abundant grapes, pears and plums. He said it

1443-464: Was married to a Chinese slave man, Allah Vardi and had three children with him. In 1979, a number of religious schools were founded by militant group East Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM/TIP) founder Abdul Hakeem Makhdoom in Karghalik. These were used to disseminate the movement's ideology among the local population, and were the place where Hasan Mahsum , who would later go on to revive and lead

1482-653: Was more than 1,000 li in circuit, with a capital city measuring more than 10 li around. The writing was like that of Khotan but the spoken language was different. Although he says the people were sincere Buddhists, they had little culture or education and he found them rude and deceitful. Many monasteries were in ruins and the 100 or so monks left were of the Mahayana school. He added that the Mahayana canonical texts were more numerous here than in any other country Buddhism had reached. It apparently sent an embassy to China at

1521-652: Was noted for producing baicao (白草, literally "white grass") which gave a very poisonous substance used on arrow tips - probably from an aconite plant. Xiye is recorded in the Book of the Later Han as being distinct from Zihe and having 2,500 households, more than 10,000 people and 3,000 men able to bear arms. The Chinese pilgrim monk, Song Yun , passed through the Kingdom of Zhujuban ( Chinese : 朱駒半 ) on his way from Khotan in 519 CE. He described it as being five days' journey around and that it produced much cereal, which

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