A television station is a set of equipment managed by a business, organisation or other entity such as an amateur television (ATV) operator, that transmits video content and audio content via radio waves directly from a transmitter on the earth's surface to any number of tuned receivers simultaneously.
131-610: KXAS-TV (channel 5) is a television station licensed to Fort Worth, Texas , United States, serving as the NBC outlet for the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex . It is owned and operated by the network's NBC Owned Television Stations division alongside Dallas -licensed Telemundo station KXTX-TV (channel 39). The two stations share studios at the CentrePort Business Park in eastern Fort Worth; KXAS-TV's transmitter
262-534: A 2019 Cowboys Sunday Night Football game with a warning about a tornado that had touched down within the market. Station management admitted that they had erred in not immediately breaking away from the game for a potentially life-threatening situation. Conversely, in 2024, KXAS interrupted the end of a playoff game between the Los Angeles Rams and Detroit Lions for a report about light snowfall. According to weather anchor Rick Mitchell, that segment
393-519: A Navy F-4 Phantom that was performing training exercises as it was on approach to the Dallas Naval Air Station , clipping several guy-wires ; KXAS, WFAA, and KDFW were all briefly knocked off the air for a few seconds immediately following the incident. The jet's two occupants survived as they had ejected themselves from the aircraft and parachuted to the ground before it crashed. KXAS improvised auxiliary transmission facilities at
524-747: A Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française 819-line test card introduced in 1953. In North America, most test cards such as the famous Indian-head test pattern of the 1950s and 1960s have long since been relegated to history. The SMPTE color bars occasionally turn up, but with most North American broadcasters now following a 24-hour schedule, these too have become a rare sight. With the introduction of color TV, electronically generated test cards were introduced. They are named after their generating equipment (ex: Grundig VG1000, Philips PM5544 , Telefunken FuBK , etc.), TV station (ex: BBC test card ) or organization (ex: SMPTE color bars , EBU colour bars ). In developed countries such as Australia , Canada ,
655-400: A barter in some cases. Test patterns A test card , also known as a test pattern or start-up/closedown test , is a television test signal, typically broadcast at times when the transmitter is active but no program is being broadcast (often at sign-on and sign-off ). Used since the earliest TV broadcasts, test cards were originally physical cards at which a television camera
786-517: A vectorscope , allowing chroma and tint to be precisely adjusted between generations of videotape or network feeds. SMPTE bars—and several other test cards—include analog black (a flat waveform at 7.5 IRE , or the NTSC setup level ), full white (100 IRE), and a "sub-black", or "blacker-than-black" (at 0 IRE), which represents the lowest low-frequency transmission voltage permissible in NTSC broadcasts (though
917-563: A vectorscope , allowing precise adjustments of image equipment. The audio broadcast while test cards are shown is typically a sine wave tone, radio (if associated or affiliated with the television channel) or music (usually instrumental , though some also broadcast with jazz or popular music ). Digitally generated cards came later, associated with digital television , and add a few features specific of digital signals, like checking for error correction , chroma subsampling , aspect ratio signaling , surround sound , etc. More recently,
1048-466: A $ 425 million deal that also included full ownership of existing affiliate WVTM-TV in Birmingham ) to Hicks Muse, predicated on the firm acquiring and closing on its deal with LIN. The takeover and joint venture deals were completed on March 2, 1998, when NBC and LIN formally established Station Venture Holdings, LP to serve as the licensee of KXAS and KNSD. As it held 79.62% controlling equity in
1179-618: A 15-minute nightly series that debuted on October 31 , 1949, as the first televised weather forecast program in the United States, which in addition to providing forecasts, explained to viewers complicated aspects of meteorological concepts. Taft—the first television meteorologist west of the Mississippi River , who concurrently served as an overnight weathercaster for WBAP (AM), where he was coined as "The World's Greatest Weatherman" by overnight personality Bill Mack —became
1310-571: A 20% equity interest in the company, New World Communications signed a long-term affiliation agreement with Fox, as part of the network's strategy to strengthen its affiliate portfolio (then composed mostly of UHF outlets with limited to no prior history as major network affiliates) after the National Football League (NFL) awarded it the television rights to the National Football Conference (NFC),
1441-582: A CW owned-and-operated station), to the network. To this day, KXAS-TV remains the only station in the market to never change its primary affiliation. In June of that year, following the $ 12.6-billion acquisition of majority owner McCaw Cellular Communications (which acquired a 52% interest in LIN in 1990 for $ 3.4 billion) by the AT&;T Corporation in 1994, LIN Broadcasting announced that it would spin off seven of its eight television stations (including KXAS-TV) into
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#17328019628541572-478: A KXAS news crew was assigned to cover a standoff started by 40-year-old Thomas E. Stephens, when he barricaded himself inside an Arlington 7-Eleven store where his estranged wife, Patricia (who filed divorce papers that Thomas was served with the day before), had managed. Believing she had initiated the idea of the divorce to Patricia, Thomas fatally shot her roommate and store clerk, Terry Palmer, and wounded fellow employee Craig Talley; Patricia later snuck out of
1703-586: A Program"; the call sign and their associated meaning were suggested by Herbert Hoover during his tenure as chairman of what was then the Federal Radio Commission prior to the radio station's sign-on in 1922; in reality, they were sequentially assigned with no meaning. Among the local programs that aired on Channel 5 in its early years included the Saturday night country music /dance program Barn Dance , music series Bobby Peters Jamboree and
1834-509: A combined media asset management center and newsroom production suite for managing and editing content; and an expanded weather center within the production studio housing KXAS' main news set that contains upgraded software systems, an expert desk and two 80-inch (203 cm) touchscreen monitors; the station's traffic and sales departments, which were previously in separate areas of the Broadcast Hill studios, were also placed adjacent to
1965-421: A common sight, test cards are now only rarely seen outside of television studios, post-production, and distribution facilities. In particular, they are no longer intended to assist viewers in calibration of television sets. Several factors have led to their demise for this purpose: For custom-designed video installations, such as LED displays in buildings or at live events, some test images are custom-made to fit
2096-547: A film from NBC dedicating the station's launch. Carter owned the television and radio properties through the Star-Telegram ' s corporate parent, Carter Publications. It was the first television station to sign on in the state of Texas; the second to be located between Los Angeles , St. Louis and Richmond, Virginia (after NBC/ DuMont affiliate KDYL-TV – now ABC affiliate KTVX – in Salt Lake City ); and
2227-724: A four-year contract that began with the 1994 NFL season , on December 18, 1993. One of the twelve television stations affiliated with either CBS, ABC or NBC that were involved in the deal was KDFW, which had been affiliated with CBS since it signed on in December 1949 and—along with CBS affiliate KTBC in Austin and ABC affiliate KTVI in St. Louis—was added to the agreement as a byproduct of New World's $ 717 million purchase of four stations owned by Argyle Television Holdings on May 26. With thirteen months left until CBS's contract with KDFW—which, as
2358-537: A live microwave feed, inaugurated with a message by Today Show host Dave Garroway welcoming the stations in commencing live network telecasts. That decade, Channel 5 also became one of the first television stations to convert its local programming to color ; the station's conversion to color broadcasts on May 15, 1954, was preceded by a dedication of its new production and master control facilities—which were upgraded specifically for color telecasting—from Carter and David Sarnoff , chairman of then-NBC parent RCA , that
2489-415: A much shorter wavelength, and thus requires a shorter antenna, but also higher power. North American stations can go up to 5000 kW ERP for video and 500 kW audio, or 1000 kW digital. Low channels travel further than high ones at the same power, but UHF does not suffer from as much electromagnetic interference and background "noise" as VHF, making it much more desirable for TV. Despite this, in
2620-648: A remote unit that was loaned to WBAP-TV by KTVT management and set up at the Dallas Police Department's downtown headquarters, awaiting the transfer of suspect Lee Harvey Oswald (who shot both men from an upper-floor window at the Texas School Book Depository overlooking Elm Street) to the Dallas County Jail, fed live images of the accused Presidential assassin being gunned down by nightclub owner Jack Ruby to
2751-491: A result of the agreement with New World, would replace existing owned-and-operated station KDAF (channel 33, now a CW affiliate) as the market's Fox station, resulting in Fox Television Stations selling KDAF to Renaissance Broadcasting —was set to expire on July 1, 1995, KXAS was the first station that the network had approached to become its new Dallas-Fort Worth affiliate. LIN Broadcasting turned down
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#17328019628542882-802: A result, in 1950, NBC reached an agreement with A. H. Belo Corporation to switch the primary affiliation of DuMont affiliate WFAA-TV (channel 8) to NBC to serve as its affiliate for the eastern half of the market. On July 1, 1952, WBAP-TV became among the first six television stations in the country (along with fellow NBC stations KPRC-TV in Houston , WOAI-TV in San Antonio , WKY-TV in Oklahoma City , KOTV in Tulsa and WDSU-TV in New Orleans ) to begin transmitting network programming over
3013-589: A secondary affiliation with ABC by way of a secondary affiliation that WBAP radio had begun maintaining with the ABC Radio Network, the direct successor to NBC Blue, when it and timeshare partner WFAA assumed the 570 AM frequency (taking over the former KGKO) on an alternating basis in April 1947. The following year in 1949, WBAP-TV and WBAP (AM), were joined by a sister station on radio, WBAP-FM (96.3 FM, now KSCS ). The WBAP calls reportedly stood for "We Bring
3144-701: A separate publicly traded corporate entity, the LIN Television Corporation. The following year in 1995, KXAS became the first commercial television station in Texas to launch a website, which provided news reports and information on the station's community initiatives and on-air staff members; the station expanded its Internet offerings in 1997, when it became the first television station in the Southwestern United States to deliver news alerts via e-mail . In 1997, KXAS became
3275-730: A single-pixel border for over-scanning and dimensions . Test cards are as old as TV broadcasts, with documented use by the BBC in the United Kingdom in its early 30-line mechanical Baird transmissions from 1934 and later on as simplified "tuning signals" shown before startup as well as in Occupied France during World War II. They evolved to include gratings for resolution testing, grids to assist with picture geometry adjustments, and grayscale for brightness and contrast adjustments. For example, all these elements can be seen in
3406-542: A station on channel 8 on October 23, the first such license application for a television station in the Southern United States . When the FCC awarded the construction permit for Channel 5 to Carter on June 21, 1946, he originally requested to assign KCPN (for "Carter Publications News") as the station's call letters; three months before it signed on, however, Carter chose instead to assign the television station
3537-515: A successful grassroots campaign (which included threats of advertising boycotts by area businesses) urging KXAS station management to retain Taft after plans to replace him became public in 1983. Taft held the record as the state's longest-serving television meteorologist, having served as chief meteorologist at WBAP-TV/KXAS for 41 years until his retirement on August 30, 1991, one month prior to his death from stomach cancer . Harold Taft's memorial service
3668-506: A taller transmission tower was built at the west end of the Broadcast Hill studio property. However, NBC threatened to strip its affiliation from Channel 5 if it did not relocate its transmitter farther eastward to extend the station's signal deeper into the Dallas metropolitan area; reportedly, the network approached the owners of Fort Worth's other station, independent KFJZ-TV (channel 11, now KTVT ), which had in 1962 moved its transmitter to
3799-605: A tertiary subchannel on virtual channel 5.3, which served as a charter over-the-air affiliate of Universal Sports . Universal Sports converted to a cable - and satellite -exclusive service on December 31, 2011, dropping its over-the-air subchannel affiliations and resulting in KXAS removing the 5.3 subchannel from its signal. The station would later re-activate the subchannel as an affiliate of LX in May 2020. KXAS-TV shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 5, on June 12, 2009, as part of
3930-425: A variety of ways to generate revenue from television commercials . They may be an independent station or part of a broadcasting network , or some other structure. They can produce some or all of their programs or buy some broadcast syndication programming for or all of it from other stations or independent production companies. Many stations have some sort of television studio , which on major-network stations
4061-441: A year ahead of its original deadline. The station reallocated to UHF channel 24 in phase zero of the repack, rather than the originally scheduled phase three of the repack. KXAS-TV was one of nearly 1,000 television stations that changed their digital signal allocation in the spectrum repack that was finished on July 3, 2020. The station completed its move to UHF channel 24 in the morning of May 30, 2018. From 1970 to 1997 (with
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4192-496: Is non-commercial educational (NCE) and considered public broadcasting . To avoid concentration of media ownership of television stations, government regulations in most countries generally limit the ownership of television stations by television networks or other media operators, but these regulations vary considerably. Some countries have set up nationwide television networks, in which individual television stations act as mere repeaters of nationwide programs . In those countries,
4323-470: Is broadcast via terrestrial radio waves. A group of television stations with common ownership or affiliation are known as a TV network and an individual station within the network is referred to as O&O or affiliate , respectively. Because television station signals use the electromagnetic spectrum, which in the past has been a common, scarce resource, governments often claim authority to regulate them. Broadcast television systems standards vary around
4454-621: Is located in Cedar Hill, Texas . Amon G. Carter, Sr. —the founding publisher of the Fort Worth Star-Telegram —first submitted an application to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for a license to build and operate a television station on VHF channel 5 in late October 1944, mere days after Karl Hoblitzelle, owner of Interstate Circuit Theatres, filed an application to operate
4585-792: Is often used for newscasts or other local programming . There is usually a news department , where journalists gather information. There is also a section where electronic news-gathering (ENG) operations are based, receiving remote broadcasts via remote pickup unit or satellite TV . Outside broadcasting vans, production trucks , or SUVs with electronic field production (EFP) equipment are sent out with reporters , who may also bring back news stories on video tape rather than sending them back live . To keep pace with technology United States television stations have been replacing operators with broadcast automation systems to increase profits in recent years. Some stations (known as repeaters or translators ) only simulcast another, usually
4716-438: Is used for the calibration of photocopiers . Photocopier test patterns are physical sheets that are photocopied, with the difference in the resulting photocopy revealing any tell-tale deviations or defects in the machine's ability to copy. There are also test patterns kits and software developed specifically for many consumer electronics. The B&K Television Analyst was developed in the 1960s for testing monochrome TV sets in
4847-677: The Dallas Times Herald . The Commission, however, declined the same for the Star-Telegram , WBAP-AM-TV, and KSCS (the former WBAP-FM), leaving the Carters with little choice but to break up their media empire. In January 1973, Carter Publications announced it would sell WBAP-TV to LIN Broadcasting for $ 35 million; the Star-Telegram , WBAP and KSCS, meanwhile, were sold to Capital Cities Communications . The sales were finalized in early May 1974; due to FCC rules in place then that prohibited separately owned broadcast properties based in
4978-560: The AFL–NFL merger ), KXAS aired Dallas Cowboys games in which they played host to an AFC opponent at Texas Stadium (two games each year for the station [including their Thanksgiving games in some years]; prior to 1970, all Cowboys games were exclusively broadcast on KDFW [then KRLD-TV]); during this time, they aired five of the Cowboys' Super Bowl appearances ( Super Bowls V , XIII , XXVII , XXVIII , and XXX [the latter three were won by
5109-504: The Crystal Palace transmitter to test its new UHF network which it eventually launched as BBC Two in 1964. Test cards are also used in the broader context of video displays for concerts and live events. There are a variety of different test patterns, each testing a specific technical parameter: gradient monotone bars for testing brightness and color; a crosshatch pattern for aspect ratio , alignment, focus, and convergence; and
5240-889: The Kyowa Sonic lens cleaning kits from 1997–2001, also included test patterns as well. More recent examples include the THX Optimizer which can be accessed in the setup menu in almost every THX-certified DVD, as well as well as the "HDR sRGB Graphics Test (400 nits)" and "Test Patterns" series available on Netflix meant to test out streaming bandwidth on Internet-enabled devices, especially on widescreen smart HDR TVs, 4K and 8K displays and also used to sync audio and video feeds, which can be affected, among other factors, by Bluetooth and Internet latency. Test patterns are also used to calibrate CCTV cameras and monitors, as well as medical imaging displays and equipment for telemedicine and diagnostic purposes, such as
5371-654: The SMPTE RP-133 medical diagnostic imaging test pattern specification for medical and surgical displays, created around 1983 –86; as well as a later derivative called the TG18-QC test pattern created by the AAPM in 2001. Test patterns to calibrate X-ray machines , in particular those manufactured by Leeds Test Objects in England, also exist as well. Television has had such an impact in today's life that it has been
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5502-638: The United Kingdom , and the United States , the financial imperatives of commercial television broadcasting mean that air-time is now typically filled with programmes and commercials (such as infomercials ) 24 hours a day, and non-commercial broadcasters have to match this. A late test card design, introduced in 2005 and fully adapted for HD, SD, 16:9 and 4:3 broadcasts, is defined on ITU-R Rec. BT.1729. It offers markings specificity design to test format conversions, chroma sampling, etc. Formerly
5633-405: The broadcast range , or geographic area, that the station is limited to, allocates the broadcast frequency of the radio spectrum for that station's transmissions, sets limits on what types of television programs can be programmed for broadcast and requires a station to broadcast a minimum amount of certain programs types, such as public affairs messages . Another form of television station
5764-534: The electricity bill and emergency backup generators . In North America , full-power stations on band I (channels 2 to 6) are generally limited to 100 kW analog video ( VSB ) and 10 kW analog audio ( FM ), or 45 kW digital ( 8VSB ) ERP. Stations on band III (channels 7 to 13) can go up by 5 dB to 316 kW video, 31.6 kW audio, or 160 kW digital. Low-VHF stations are often subject to long-distance reception just as with FM. There are no stations on Channel 1 . UHF , by comparison, has
5895-534: The federally mandated transition from analog to digital television . The station's digital signal remained on its transition period UHF channel 41, using virtual channel 5. Through its participation as a SAFER Act "nightlight" broadcaster, KXAS kept its analog signal on the air starting with a brief test pattern at noon that day, followed by a loop of public service announcements from the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) to inform viewers of
6026-499: The trademarking of the "Texas Connects Us" slogan that KXAS has used since 2012 (one of a handful of station slogans to have received trademark approval by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office for exclusive and/or licensing use). On July 9, 2016, the station expanded its Saturday 6 p.m. newscast to an hour with a half-hour extension at 6:30 p.m. On May 13, 2017, KXAS-TV added an extra half-hour to its weekend morning newscast at 5:30 a.m. On June 29, 2021, beginning with
6157-575: The "Look N" graphics package designed for NBC's owned-and-operated stations by NBC ArtWorks, placing the station under the graphical standardizations applied to its fellow O&Os for the first time since 2012 (the "Look G" package used by KXAS from 2012 to 2014 has since been used by Nexstar Broadcasting Group for its NBC affiliates, including those in nearby markets such as KFDX-TV in Wichita Falls and KRBC in Abilene ) and makes reference to
6288-476: The (temporary) transmitter and a replicating landscape feature causing ghosting . Said test cards were mainly transmitted from temporary mobile transmitters attached to caravan trailers based at the predicted locations of the ITA's eventual main transmitters, such as Croydon , Lichfield , Emley Moor and Winter Hill . Almost a decade later, the BBC started using a modified SMPTE monochrome test card radiating from
6419-470: The 10 p.m. newscast placed last among adults 25–54 and in third with total viewers (overall, all four stations showed year-to-year gains in total viewers while only KXAS was down slightly among 25-to-54-year-olds); the station's morning newscast had placed third in both demographics. In total viewers, the 5 and 6 p.m. newscasts also finished in last place among the Metroplex's late newscasts, though
6550-532: The 10 p.m. newscast until 1999. On March 28, 2000, the tower camera based in Sundance Square in Fort Worth caught footage of a multiple-vortex F3 tornado that struck the city's downtown area. Master control operators cut to footage of that tornado as it tracked northeastward through central Fort Worth; after a tornado warning was issued for Tarrant County, chief meteorologist David Finfrock—who
6681-532: The 10 p.m. newscasts seen respectively on KXAS and KXTX. On February 12, 2013, LIN Media chose to withdraw its interest in the Station Venture Operations joint venture as part of a corporate reorganization. Through the dissolution of the arrangement, NBC gained full ownership of KXAS and regained exclusive ownership in KNSD. On May 4, 2011, KXAS-DT2 became an affiliate of NBC Nonstop (under
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#17328019628546812-758: The 1950s through the 1970s to the University of North Texas Libraries in Denton in November 2013; the film reels and accompanying script images were digitized by the university for availability to the public via the library's digital preservation network. The station has long been well known in the Dallas–Fort Worth market for the longevity of its anchors and reporters, with many having worked at Channel 5 for at least ten years. Among them Roberta "Bobbie" Wygant (the longest-tenured television personality in Texas and
6943-401: The 1980s and 1990s. Numerous novelty and collectible items has been patterned after the famous test card, including wall clocks, bedsheets, wristwatches, and clothing. The BBC Test Card F features throughout 2006-07 TV sci-fi detective series Life on Mars . In Britain, music rather than radio sound was usually played with the test card. The music played by the BBC, and afterwards ITV ,
7074-483: The 25th to sign on in the United States. When the station made its formal debut, its first night of regular broadcasts did not go smoothly. On the date of its sign-on, the station's studio facilities were in the latter stages of construction; at one point, Amon Carter accidentally stepped into an unmarked hole in the studio floor that led to the building's basement, narrowly saved from enduring potential injury by Star-Telegram cartoonist Johnny Hay. A power outage near
7205-664: The 4 p.m. newscast, KXAS officially switched to the new graphics package entitled "Look S", just two days after sister station KNBC in Los Angeles switched to the new graphics package and a week after WMAQ-TV in Chicago debuting it. Meanwhile, the "Texas Connects Us" slogan appears in the opening sequence instead of the usual "NBC" text unlike to the former two. The station has received criticism in recent years for its handling of weather coverage, particularly during sporting events. Channel 5 waited six minutes before cutting into
7336-433: The 5 p.m. newscast was in third (behind KTVT) in the 25- to 54-year-old demographic (the 6 p.m. newscast placed last behind KTVT among adults 25–54). The morning newscast was the only local news program on KXAS to rank above third place in total viewership (though it, along with KTVT and WFAA's morning newscasts all lost viewers in both key demos to KDFW, which ranked first). On June 20, 2016, KXAS began to implement
7467-430: The BBC began to build up its own library of specially produced music for the half hour tapes – initially three tunes in similar style, followed by an identification sign (the three notes B-B-C played on celesta ). ITV (which began its first trade transmissions in 1957) continued to use commercially available recordings until the late 1960s, when it also began to make specially produced tapes. For rights reasons, much of
7598-501: The CentrePort Business Park on the former site of Amon Carter Field ) to house KXAS, KXTX and NBCUniversal's other Dallas-based operations (including the Dallas news bureau operated by NBC News ). Construction of the facility began that month, and was completed in September 2013, with the building formally opening on September 30. The facility incorporates four production studios; three control rooms that relay high definition content;
7729-513: The Cowboys]). Since 2006 , the station airs Cowboys games when they play on NBC's Sunday Night Football . The station also aired any Dallas Stars games as part of NBC's NHL broadcast contract from 2006 to 2021 ; this included the team's appearance in the 2020 Stanley Cup Finals . Channel 5 also aired Texas Rangers games as part of NBC's broadcast contract with Major League Baseball from their arrival in 1972 until 1989 , and again for
7860-827: The Great Southwest") in its sign-on and sign-off announcements during its four decades, but admitted to its true roots with WBAP with its 30th anniversary in 1978. In 1993, LIN Broadcasting assumed operational responsibilities for independent station KXTX-TV through a local marketing agreement with the station's owner at the time, the Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN). Through the consolidation of that station's operations with Channel 5, KXTX began airing rebroadcasts of its 6 and 10 p.m. newscasts each weeknight as well as select first-run syndicated programs seen on KXAS. On May 23, 1994, in an overall deal in which News Corporation also acquired
7991-705: The NBC network; it marked the first time that a murder had been witnessed live on U.S. network television. The station's coverage of the Kennedy assassination and his visit to Texas during which it occurred earned WBAP-TV a national Sigma Delta Chi television news award and a bronze medallion, and honors by the Dallas Press Club and the Radio-Television News Directors Association (RTNDA) in 1964. Channel 5 remained under
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#17328019628548122-495: The NTSC standard and was later modified for European and Australian PAL standards. Among other uses, it consisted of a flying spot scanner on which a test pattern printed on a cellulose acetate slide was shown. When CRT monitors were still commonly used on personal computers , specific test patterns were created for proper calibration of such monitors in the cases whereby multimedia images could not be shown properly on said monitors. Some VCD and DVD lens cleaner discs, such as
8253-580: The Telemundo Communications Group from a consortium of Sony Pictures Entertainment , Liberty Media , and private equity firms BV Capital, Bastion Capital and Council Tree Communications for $ 1.98 billion (increasing to $ 2.68 billion prior to the sale's closure) and the assumption of $ 700 million in debt. The acquisition included rights to an existing purchase agreement for KXTX, which Telemundo had bought from Southwest Sports Television for $ 65 million on June 27. The integration of
8384-499: The Telemundo O&;Os into NBC Television Stations caused KXTX and KXAS to become sister stations for the second time, although now under joint ownership as the third television station duopoly in the Dallas–Fort Worth market (after CBS owned-and-operated station KTVT and then- UPN affiliate KTXA (channel 21, now an independent station), and Univision owned-and-operated station KUVN (channel 23) and KSTR-TV (channel 49),
8515-559: The U.S., the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is taking another large portion of this band (channels 52 to 69) away, in contrast to the rest of the world, which has been taking VHF instead. This means that some stations left on VHF are harder to receive after the analog shutdown . Since at least 1974, there are no stations on channel 37 in North America for radio astronomy purposes. Most television stations are commercial broadcasting enterprises which are structured in
8646-466: The United States during the station's early years and earned the first of what would be six RTNDA national awards for "Best Local Newscast" during its first year on the air; however, ratings for the program began to decline in the late 1960s amid competition from Dallas-based KRLD-TV and WFAA, which utilized a live-on-tape format that mixed filed reports with anchored segments presented in-studio. The station's news broadcasts – which originally aired only in
8777-449: The antenna farm in Cedar Hill . Belo also made an attempt to make WFAA-TV the market's exclusive NBC affiliate. To prevent the network from defecting, Carter's heirs—who were reluctant to comply to NBC's demands at first, out of their desire to continue Amon Carter Sr.'s legacy of pro-Fort Worth civic boosterism—agreed to move WBAP-TV's transmitter facilities to Cedar Hill and boost its effective radiated power to adequately cover Dallas; in
8908-401: The area's exclusive ABC station. In October 1959, WBAP-TV installed the first color videotape recorder in Texas, allowing it the ability to record a 90-minute segment of programming and replay it in less than five minutes. During NBC's coverage of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, WBAP-TV transmitted news reports conducted from its Broadcast Hill studios on
9039-436: The branding "NBC DFW Nonstop"), a programming format exclusive to the subchannels of NBC's O&Os that featured a mix of originally-produced news and lifestyle programming and rebroadcasts of KXAS's newscasts; NBC Nonstop was relaunched as the classic television network Cozi TV on December 20, 2012. In June 2012, NBCUniversal announced plans to construct a new 75,000-square-foot (6,968 m) facility in Fort Worth (located at
9170-708: The calls that were used by the radio station that he also owned, WBAP (820 AM). The station began test broadcasts on June 20, 1948, originally transmitting over a closed-circuit television system. Channel 5 informally signed on the air as WBAP-TV on September 27, to broadcast coverage of President Harry S. Truman 's re-election campaign speech at the Texas & Pacific terminal building in downtown Fort Worth. WBAP-TV officially commenced regular programming two days later on September 29, 1948, with two 10-minute specials at 7 p.m. that evening, respectively featuring speeches from Carter and general manager Harold Hough and
9301-452: The children's programs See-Saw Zoo and Kitty's Playhouse . When Channel 5 signed on, it was apparent that Dallas and Fort Worth were going to be collapsed into a single television market due to the close proximity of the two cities; despite the fact that Dallas and Tarrant counties bordered one another, Arbitron had initially designated their respective county seats as separate markets (the counties that surrounded Tarrant County on
9432-441: The digital transition. The analog signal remained in lame-duck operation until June 26. On November 19, 2009, a fire in the electrical room of the station's Broadcast Hill studios knocked both stations off the air. Fire alarms were activated throughout the facility at 9:30 p.m. that evening, which resulted in staff members being evacuated from the studio; this resulted in the disruption of that evening's scheduled broadcasts of
9563-453: The downstream signal path, were introduced in the late-1960s, and became commonly used from the 1970s and 80s. These are generated by test signal generators , which do not depend on the correct configuration (and presence) of a camera, and can also test for additional parameters such as correct color decoding, sync , frames per second , and frequency response. These patterns are specially tailored to be used in conjunction with devices such as
9694-467: The evening until the launch of a midday newscast in 1972 – began implementing a hosted format in 1967, when Bob Schieffer and Russ Bloxom joined the station as anchors for The Texas News , appearing on camera ahead of and after the newsreel segments. The program officially converted to a live-on-tape broadcast on August 1, 1969. Concurrent with the station's move to The Studios at DFW, KXAS donated its collection of news footage shot for The Texas News from
9825-541: The first broadcaster in the Southwestern United States to present theater and movie reviews on television, who joined the station in 1948 as an entertainment reporter and later hosted various local programs, including Entertainment and the Arts and the newsmagazine Inside Area 5 ), Phil Wygant (who worked as an anchor/reporter from 1948 until he was laid off following LIN Broadcasting's acquisition of
9956-437: The first studio facility in the United States that was designed specifically for television broadcasting; the 400-foot (120 m) tower that transmitted its signal (supporting microwave and remote antennas) was also based on the studio grounds. The station originally broadcast for four hours each evening on Wednesday through Saturdays, with test patterns airing during the late morning and late afternoon Monday through Saturdays;
10087-402: The first television station in Texas to present all of its news film footage in color. In 1967, Fort Worth native Bob Schieffer began his broadcast career at WBAP-TV as a reporter and anchor of the station's 10 p.m. newscast. After leaving the station in 1971, Schieffer went on to Washington, D.C. to work as a reporter for independent station WTTG (now a Fox owned-and-operated station) and
10218-611: The first television station in the Dallas–Fort Worth market to commit to launching a digital television signal; the station aired its first high-definition telecast on March 31 of that year, when it aired a Major League Baseball game between the Texas Rangers and the Chicago White Sox . Regular digital television transmissions commenced on November 1, 1998, when KXAS began full-time operation of its digital signal on UHF channel 41. On October 23, 1997, LIN Television
10349-435: The half-hour political discussion program Lone Star Politics , which debuted in 2014 and airs at 8:30 a.m. after its Sunday morning newscast. Before the move to its current studio and offices on Amon Carter Boulevard, KXAS maintained a Dallas news bureau located on McKinnon Street in central Dallas. Channel 5's news department launched with the station on September 29, 1948. Originally titled The Texas News (a title that
10480-420: The highest point available in the transmission area, such as on a summit , the top of a high skyscraper , or on a tall radio tower . To get a signal from the master control room to the transmitter, a studio/transmitter link (STL) is used. The link can be either by radio or T1 / E1 . A transmitter/studio link (TSL) may also send telemetry back to the station, but this may be embedded in subcarriers of
10611-431: The improved circular, polarized dish to transmit its signal) a 1 ⁄ 4 mile (0.40 km) to the east of the old tower, on acres of land that had been owned by the station since the 1960s; the tower, which also houses transmitters for former sister radio stations KSCS and KBFB, was completed in 1989. KXAS-TV had claimed themselves as "The Pioneer Television Station of the Great Southwest" (or "The Pioneer Station of
10742-412: The latter of which became a charter affiliate of TeleFutura on January 14, 2002). As a byproduct of the purchase, NBC converted KXTX—which subsequently integrated its operations into KXAS's Broadcast Hill facilities—into a Telemundo owned-and-operated station on January 1 , 2002, taking over the local affiliation rights from KFWD (channel 52, now an affiliate of ShopHQ ), which had been affiliated with
10873-400: The local television station has no station identification and, from a consumer's point of view, there is no practical distinction between a network and a station, with only small regional changes in programming, such as local television news . To broadcast its programs, a television station requires operators to operate equipment, a transmitter or radio antenna , which is often located at
11004-590: The main anchor of the weeknight newscasts from 1992 until he retired from broadcasting in 2013, issued an on-air apology to viewers for the live broadcast of the suicide. In 1989, KXAS became the first television station in Texas to implement closed captioning for its newscasts. In 1993, KXAS-TV launched the "Public Defenders", an investigative reporting unit (consisting of reporters Sabrina Smith, Mike Androvett, and Marty Griffin) that conducted investigations into businesses that have ripped off local consumers and uncovered various consumer scams as an ongoing segment during
11135-419: The main broadcast. Stations which retransmit or simulcast another may simply pick-up that station over-the-air , or via STL or satellite. The license usually specifies which other station it is allowed to carry. VHF stations often have very tall antennas due to their long wavelength , but require much less effective radiated power (ERP), and therefore use much less transmitter power output , also saving on
11266-546: The main motif for numerous collectors' coins and medals. One of the most recent examples is The 50 Years of Television commemorative coin minted on 9 March 2005, in Austria . The obverse of the coin shows the centre portion of the Telefunken T05 test card, while the reverse shows several milestones in the history of television. The Philips Pattern is widely recognised as one of the iconic popular culture symbols of
11397-456: The most prominent of the three initial meteorologists. He was known for using self-hand-drawn weather maps incorporating isobars and upper-level atmospheric diagrams to illustrate his forecasts, which were eventually replaced by computerized graphics in November 1982, and developed the concept of trained "weather watchers", volunteer observationalists from surrounding counties who gathered up-to-date weather data. His popularity among viewers led to
11528-659: The music was recorded by light music orchestras in France and Germany, though sometimes by British musicians, or top international session players using pseudonyms, such as The Oscar Brandenburg Orchestra (an amalgamation of Neil Richardson , Alan Moorhouse and Johnny Pearson ) or the Stuttgart Studio Orchestra. Other composers and bandleaders commissioned for this type of work included Gordon Langford , Ernest Tomlinson . Roger Roger , Heinz Kiessling , Werner Tautz, Frank Chacksfield and Syd Dale . During
11659-460: The nearby tower belonging to KXTX-TV (channel 39)—a tower that itself would collapse while undergoing maintenance in October 1996. Rather than continue sharing transmitter facilities shared with KDFW and WFAA (which co-owned the tower site), station management opted to build a new 1,400-foot (427 m)-tall facility to house its transmitter (the first such broadcast transmitter in Texas to utilize
11790-460: The negative excursions of the colorburst signal may go below 0 IRE). Between the color bars and proper adjustment of brightness and contrast controls to the limits of perception of the first sub-black bar, an analog receiver (or other equipment such as VTRs) can be adjusted to provide impressive fidelity. Test cards have also been used to determine actual coverage contours for new television broadcasting antennas and/or networks. In preparation for
11921-472: The network since its sign-on in September 1988. KXAS-TV launched a digital subchannel on virtual channel 5.2 in February 2005, which originally served as a charter affiliate of NBC Weather Plus (known as "NBC 5 Weather Plus"), a co-owned 24-hour weather-focused network featuring a mix of local and national current weather observations and forecasts as well as pre-recorded local weather updates conducted by
12052-586: The new commercial ITV service in the 1950s, the Independent Television Authority (ITA) tasked Belling & Lee, an Enfield -based British electronics company best known for inventing the Belling-Lee connector just over three decades earlier, with designing a series of Pilot Test Transmission test cards and slides intended for potential viewers and DX-enthusiasts to test the ITA's new Band III VHF transmitter network that
12183-607: The newsroom. The sales and marketing departments of the television stations, and NBC's ArtWorks graphics firm began migrating their operations to the facility in early October of that year; all other operations—including the news departments of KXAS and KXTX—moved to the Carter Boulevard studio by November 1, ending KXAS's 65-year tenure at Broadcast Hill. Three of the conference rooms at the station are each themed to honor pioneers at Channel 5: one for station founder Amon Carter, one for original chief meteorologist Harold Taft,
12314-481: The now-defunct Metromedia news service, then embarked on a long career with CBS News that lasted until his retirement from full-time broadcasting in August 2015 and continued thereafter in a contributing role. In February 1970, WBAP-TV debuted the first locally produced television newsmagazine , Texas '70s , a monthly half-hour program showcasing feature reports focusing on the culture of Texas. On January 25, 1986,
12445-605: The number of programs that it broadcast in color, televising the largest amount of programming produced in the format of any U.S. television station at the time. Ownership of Star-Telegram and the WBAP stations would transfer to Amon Carter Sr.'s heirs after he succumbed from the last of several heart attacks he had suffered over the previous two years on June 23, 1955. Meanwhile, NBC grew frustrated with having to maintain affiliations with two stations to carry its programming in an otherwise effectively consolidated market. In early 1957,
12576-747: The offer, in favor of signing a long-term deal that renewed its affiliation agreements with KXAS and NBC-affiliated sisters KXAN-TV in Austin, WAVY-TV in Norfolk and WOOD-TV in Grand Rapids ; however as WFAA was already under contract with ABC through a multi-station agreement with Belo, this later prompted CBS to sign a deal with KTVT through an agreement it signed with Gaylord Broadcasting on September 14, 1994, in exchange for also switching its sister independent station in Tacoma, Washington , KSTW (now
12707-504: The only content that was broadcast in the format, with field video footage being transmitted in 16:9 widescreen standard definition , before upgrading to HD in concurrence with the move to The Studios at DFW in September 2013. On January 16, 2009, as part of a Local News Service agreement that had earlier been formed between NBC Owned Television Stations and Fox Television Stations, KXAS began sharing its news helicopter (branded as "Chopper 5") with Fox owned-and-operated station KDFW, with
12838-419: The other for remaining original station employee and on-air talent, Bobbie Wygant . On March 14, 2018, it was announced that the station's parent NBC Owned Television Stations and telecommunications giant T-Mobile US have entered into an agreement to accelerate of relocating their 600 MHz spectrum of the station to its new frequency at the end of May, instead of the original FCC deadline of June 21, 2019;
12969-530: The ownership of trusts held by the Carter family until 1974 when the FCC passed a measure prohibiting the common ownership of newspapers and broadcast outlets in the same market . Among the combinations that were granted grandfathered protection by the agency were A.H. Belo's combination of The Dallas Morning News and WFAA- AM - FM -TV; and the Times Mirror Company 's combination of KDFW-TV and
13100-474: The partnership, NBC assumed control of KXAS' operations by way of its NBC Television Stations subsidiary, which continued to control KNSD through its continued majority ownership of that station. Although not a traditional arrangement, NBC's assumption of majority control over KXAS made it a de facto owned-and-operated station; however as a consequence, the purchase of majority interest in Channel 5 resulted in
13231-473: The postseason only from 1994 to 2000. The station also carried any Dallas Mavericks games as part of NBC's broadcast contract with the NBA from 1990 to 2002 . As of September 2020, KXAS presently broadcasts 37 + 1 ⁄ 2 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with six hours each weekday, four hours on Saturdays, and 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 hours on Sundays). In addition, the station also produces
13362-476: The programmes seen on its owner's flagship station, and have no television studio or production facilities of their own. This is common in developing countries . Low-power stations typically also fall into this category worldwide. Most stations which are not simulcast produce their own station identifications . TV stations may also advertise on or provide weather (or news) services to local radio stations , particularly co-owned sister stations . This may be
13493-465: The same market from using the same callsign, channel 5's call letters were subsequently changed to the current KXAS-TV on May 16 of that year. In 1985, KXAS became the first television station in the Dallas–Fort Worth market to broadcast programming in stereo , when NBC began transmission in the format. On January 14, 1987, the broadcast tower at the station's transmitter in Cedar Hill was struck by
13624-471: The same time period the year before, when it placed first in that timeslot, aided by NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver . KXAS placed third at 5 p.m. among total viewers and adults 25–54, in last place at 6 p.m. among both total viewers and with adults 25–54, and placed third at 10 p.m. with total viewers and last with 25- to 54-year-olds. For the May 2011 sweeps period,
13755-426: The segment, which jumped onto him from a nearby table; the clip eventually became one of the earliest viral videos , when it was circulated on YouTube and other video sharing websites later that decade. On September 7, 2007, KXAS-TV became the second television station in the Dallas–Fort Worth market (after WFAA) to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition. Segments conducted in-studio were initially
13886-539: The sniper-range shooting at the Presidential motorcade carrying Kennedy and Governor John Connally (who himself was injured in the shooting) in color; NBC broadcast the station's color feed during its coverage, which was otherwise transmitted in black and white from their New York studios. Charles Murphy, who served as an anchor at the station, relayed word of Kennedy's death during emergency surgery at Parkland Hospital that afternoon. Two days later on November 24,
14017-403: The specific size and shape of the setup in question. These custom test images can also be an opportunity for the technicians to hide inside jokes for the crew to see while installing equipment for a show. Rather than physical test cards, which had to be televised using a camera, television stations often used a special purpose camera tube which had the test pattern painted on the inside screen of
14148-560: The station expanded its programming schedule to all seven days each week within six months, airing a cumulative total of between 35 and 40 hours of programming per week. Originally serving as an affiliate , Channel 5 has carried programming from NBC since its sign-on—having inherited the affiliation through WBAP radio's longtime relationship with the television network's radio predecessor, the NBC Blue Network , with which it had been affiliated since 1927; however, it also maintained
14279-648: The station in 1974), Jack Brown (who served as a reporter from 1958 to 1980), Russ Bloxom (who served a lead news anchor from 1967 to 1979) and Jane McGarry (who served as an anchor and reporter from 1982 until she stepped down in July 2012, following her arrest on a misdemeanor DWI charge). KXAS is known within the Dallas–Fort Worth market for its weather coverage; it claims to be the first television station to have hired only full-time meteorologists , when it hired American Airlines staff meteorologists Harold Taft , Bob Denney and Walter Porter as hosts of Weather Telefacts ,
14410-437: The station's first night of programming that "part of Fort Worth's inaugural television show [...] looked like our first roll of home movie film. But a good deal more of it was excellent – enough so to convince the stubbornest critic that television is here to stay." Channel 5 originally operated from studio facilities located at 3900 Barnett Street in eastern Fort Worth. The building—located in an area known as Broadcast Hill—was
14541-515: The station's meteorologists. On December 23, 2008, three weeks after the network ceased operations on December 1, the subchannel was reformatted as part of the network's successor service NBC Plus, an automated service featuring local weather information powered using the Weather Plus graphics platform, alongside audio from NOAA Weather Radio station KEC55 in Fort Worth, and alternately from KEC56 in Dallas. On January 1, 2009, KXAS launched
14672-427: The store's front door as Thomas talked to a hostage negotiator over the phone. Around 6:40 p.m., during an update on the standoff within the extended 6 p.m. newscast as a live shot outside the store was being shown, the videographer on-scene captured Thomas coming out and killing himself with a .357-caliber pistol, ending the seven-hour standoff. Weekend anchor Mike Snyder, who joined KXAS in 1980 and served as
14803-614: The summer of 1964, it installed a transmitter at the Hill Tower (owned by the Dallas Newspapers) to feed the channel 5 antenna on a 1,500-foot (460 m) candelabra tower that was already shared by WFAA-TV and KRLD-TV (channel 4, now KDFW-TV ); sister station WBAP-FM also moved its transmitter to this location. The move to Cedar Hill allowed channel 5 to become the sole NBC affiliate for the entire Dallas–Fort Worth market on September 1, 1957, and subsequently, WFAA-TV became
14934-401: The target, rather than displaying an image, a varying electrical signal was produced generating a video signal from the etched pattern. Monoscope tubes had the advantage over test cards that a full TV camera was not needed, and the image was always properly framed and in focus. They fell out of use after the 1960s as they were not able to produce color images. A lesser-known kind of test pattern
15065-490: The termination of its LMA with KXTX. In May 1998, the station changed its on-air branding to "NBC 5" and its newscast branding to NBC 5 Texas News (adapted from its 1989-1997 Texas News 5 branding, and later simplified to NBC 5 News in November 1999) in compliance with the branding conventions that the network had adopted for its O&Os, as had been done with sister station WMAQ-TV 's rebranding to "NBC 5 Chicago " in September 1995. On October 11, 2001, NBC Inc. purchased
15196-527: The transmitter facility also knocked WBAP-TV off the air for 17 minutes around 8 p.m. Angry viewers subsequently called into the station, blaming engineers for an outage that was beyond their control; after the power problems were fixed, another viewer calling into the station complained to a receptionist about not being able to receive WBAP-TV's signal, not realizing that the television station could not be picked up through their radio receiver. Even still, Fort Worth Press reporter Jack Gordon wrote regarding
15327-399: The tube. Each tube was only capable of generating the one test image, hence it was called a monoscope . Monoscopes were similar in construction to an ordinary cathode-ray tube (CRT), only instead of displaying an image on its screen it scanned a built-in image. The monoscope contained a formed metal target in place of the phosphor coating at its "screen" end and as the electron beam scanned
15458-430: The two stations pooling footage from the helicopter during breaking news coverage. Historically since the 1970s, KXAS has placed second or third overall in local news viewership, behind longtime leader WFAA and KDFW. According to the local Nielsen ratings for the February 2011 sweeps period, KXAS placed second in the 6 a.m. time period among total viewers and adults age 25–54 years old; this in direct comparison to
15589-424: The use of test cards has also expanded beyond television to other digital displays such as large LED walls and video projectors . Test cards typically contain a set of patterns to enable television cameras and receivers to be adjusted to show the picture correctly (see SMPTE color bars ). Most modern test cards include a set of calibrated color bars which will produce a characteristic pattern of "dot landings" on
15720-448: The western half of the Metroplex were part of the Fort Worth market, while those surrounding Dallas County in the eastern half of the metropolitan region were part of the Dallas market). However, Carter, who had long been a booster for the Fort Worth area, did not care whether Dallas residents could view Channel 5's broadcast signal, which provided rimshot coverage within most of central and eastern Dallas County, including Dallas proper. As
15851-399: The world. Television stations broadcasting over an analog system were typically limited to one television channel , but digital television enables broadcasting via subchannels as well. Television stations usually require a broadcast license from a government agency which sets the requirements and limitations on the station. In the United States, for example, a television license defines
15982-430: Was library music , which was licensed on more favourable terms for frequent use than commercially available alternatives. Later, Channel 4 used UK library LPs from publishers like KPM , Joseph Weinberger and Ready Music. Until September 1955, the BBC used live playing 78 RPM commercial records as an audio background to the test cards. After that date, they switched to using recorded music on tape. The following year,
16113-560: Was acquired by Hicks, Muse, Tate & Furst (now HM Capital Partners ) for $ 1.9 billion. In conjunction with the Dallas-based investment firm's submitted bid for the company on September 12, LIN contributed KXAS-TV to a joint venture with NBC Inc., in which the former sold a 76% majority equity interest in the station to NBC, which in turn would contribute a 24% share of San Diego owned-and-operated station KNSD (which NBC had purchased from New World Communications on May 22, 1996, in
16244-410: Was broadcast on the station; this was followed by a three-hour block of programs produced in color, the longest broadcast of such programs ever attempted by a television station at that time. By 1955, WBAP-TV—which had earlier ordered RCA color television equipment in the fall of 1949, and became the first television station in Texas to broadcast NBC programs in color on April 9, 1954—had greatly increased
16375-486: Was carried live by Channel 5. David Finfrock, who first joined KXAS in 1976 as a meteorologist for its weekend evening newscasts, subsequently took over as chief weather anchor. Finfrock has since eclipsed the length of Taft's tenure as an on-air meteorologist. In 1993, KXAS became the first television station in the United States to implement a Local Weather Station structure, a network of sensors that relayed real-time weather observations. On June 16, 1966, Channel 5 became
16506-617: Was designed with the assistance of the General Post Office (GPO), then the UK's government-run PTT agency . These test cards, some featuring the G9AED call sign assigned by the GPO for said transmissions, featured a squiggly line in a circle in the middle of the test card with an on-screen line gauge indicated in miles which was used as a guide to reveal the distance between the receiver,
16637-410: Was in the middle of a weather segment during that evening's 6 p.m. newscast—warned viewers about the damaging tornado through on-air illustration via the live camera footage. The station also became notable for an impromptu moment on August 9, 2002, when during a wildlife segment featured on its late-morning newscast, then-anchor Michael Scott got spooked by a gecko that was to be presented later in
16768-463: Was pointed, allowing for simple adjustments of picture quality. Such cards are still often used for calibration, alignment, and matching of cameras and camcorders . From the 1950s, test card images were built into monoscope tubes which freed up the use of TV cameras which would otherwise have to be rotated to continuously broadcast physical test cards during downtime hours. Electronically generated test patterns, used for calibrating or troubleshooting
16899-574: Was shut down in 1944. The station was named after Paul Gottlieb Nipkow , the inventor of the Nipkow disk . Most often the term "television station" refers to a station which broadcasts structured content to an audience or it refers to the organization that operates the station. A terrestrial television transmission can occur via analog television signals or, more recently, via digital television signals. Television stations are differentiated from cable television or other video providers as their content
17030-473: Was supposed to air on a subchannel and not the main NBC channel. "It was not our intention to ruin the end of the game," he said in apologizing for the mix-up. The station's signal is multiplexed : Television station The Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow ( TV Station Paul Nipkow ) in Berlin , Germany , was the first regular television service in the world. It was on the air from 22 March 1935, until it
17161-429: Was used in varied forms for four decades, later as Area Five Texas News from 1974 to 1978 and as Texas News 5 from 1991 to 1998), the program maintained a newsreel format for the news department's first 21 years of operation, continuing long after most television stations had switched to a primarily studio-based production structure for their newscasts. The Texas News was the highest-rated local television program in
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