Eversen is a village in the town of Bergen in the northern part of Celle district on the Lüneburg Heath in the north German state of Lower Saxony .
53-824: Kohlenbach is a village in the parish of Eversen which belongs to the town of Bergen on the Lüneburg Heath in Celle district in the north German state of Lower Saxony . Kohlenbach is a farmstead on the edge of the municipality of Eversen in a wood called the Garßener Holz. The small stream of Kohlenbach flows immediately past it and gives the hamlet its name. Lying on the Old Celle Military Road ( Alten Celler Heerstraße ) that runs past Kohlenbach, coming from Hanover and Celle and heading towards Lüneburg , it served originally as an inn until
106-535: A country café, the Mielmannshof , and Feuerschützenbostel Manor House rents holiday apartments. Kohlenbach Kohlenbach is a village in the parish of Eversen which belongs to the town of Bergen on the Lüneburg Heath in Celle district in the north German state of Lower Saxony . Kohlenbach is a farmstead on the edge of the municipality of Eversen in a wood called the Garßener Holz. The small stream of Kohlenbach flows immediately past it and gives
159-481: A decision by the parish council to form a village defence force of 25-30 men. One year later this was disbanded and, for the next 6 months, two night watchmen were employed. From the 14th century Bergen was recorded as having a vogtei's office, the lowest level of administration and justice, which was presided over by a ducal vogt . Subordinated to it since the 15th century was the administrative post in Sülze , which
212-613: A marching band which arranges a large number of trips and performs several marching displays every year. In 1969 the Eversen Angling Club ( Fischerei-Verein Eversen ) was founded; today it has over 70 members. In addition to managing a 3.5 km long section of the river Örtze, the club has rented a gravel pond in Feuerschützenbostel. On both water bodies there are regular fishing competitions. In addition
265-584: A new manor house and stables built in timber-framed style . Gut II , known as the Majorshof , lies at the southern end of the Old Village, west of the village street. Until the 15th century it was owned by the von Hodenberg family who had allocated it as a mesne fief ( Afterlehen ) to the Tiebermann family. In 1495 the estate was first enfeoffed to the von Harling family. The estate remained in
318-488: A play of up to 3 acts every year. The society comprises a large number of amateur actors who put a lot of effort into their hobby and persuade many Eversen villagers, including numerous young people, to go to the Gasthaus Niedersachsen every year. Since 1962 there has been a group of first-aid workers, who train in civil protection, provide first-aid at events and run blood-donation clinics. Together with
371-493: A sandy island of loess in the glacial valley of the Örtze which was formed in the Weichselian Ice Age . It is responsible for administering the neighbouring hamlets of Feuerschützenbostel and Altensalzkoth and the farmstead of Kohlenbach . Feuerschützenbostel is about 2.5 km to the southwest, Altensalzkoth about 1.5 km southeast and Kohlenbach about 2.5 km southeast of Eversen. Land use within
424-463: Is Gerd Friedrich (CDU). In the alten Dorf part of Eversen along the village street there are numerous four-post, timber-framed houses from the 19th century and which are listed buildings today. Opposite the Mühlenteich ("Millpond") is Peets Schmidt Kote , a two-post house dating to 1754, one of the oldest, surviving farmhouses in the region. The three manor houses, with buildings from
477-633: Is dominated by timber-framed houses. As part of the Lower Saxon regional and administrative reforms in 1973, Eversen lost its independence and, since then, has been a municipality within the borough of Bergen . In 1972 Hurricane Quimburga , which destroyed 10% of the woodland area in Lower Saxony , also caused considerable damage in the municipality of Eversen. The fire on the Lüneburg Heath in 1975 destroyed large areas of woodland in
530-512: Is empowered, inter alia , to make decisions about public services in the village, is responsible for maintaining the appearance of the village and for overseeing its clubs and societies, and has to be consulted by the town of Bergen on all important matters affecting the village. It consists of five elected representatives who, together with the chairman, sit on the Bergen borough council. The village council elects its own chair. The current incumbent
583-505: Is there evidence of settlers during that period. There, access to water and the relatively better quality of soil in comparison with the other sites nearby provided the essential requirements for arable farming. There are no traces of settlement in the area of the village from the Ice Age , i.e. the time from about 800 BC to 400 AD. The emergence of the farming village of Eversen cannot be precisely dated, but it can be deduced, firstly, from
SECTION 10
#1732794052153636-470: The Alter Dorf or "Old Village" there is a millpond belonging to the manor, Rittergut I , which was created in 1638. It had an original area of just under 0.75 hectares (1.9 acres), but was expanded in the 2nd half of the 20th century through the incorporation of other areas to 1.5 hectares (3.7 acres). Until the beginning of the 20th century it fed the mill owned by the manor; it was subsequently used in
689-585: The Middle Stone Age testify to a dense settlement of the sand dunes lying east of the river Örtze in the area of the present-day village of Sandberg. In the New Stone Age and the transition from an appropriative to a productive way of life, the sand dunes proved unsuitable for agriculture and were largely abandoned as places of settlement. Only on the so-called Kolk and on the Lerchberg
742-563: The Roman Catholic parish in Bergen, which is responsible for Eversen. Since the influx of Kurdish families in the 1980s there has been a sizeable minority of Yazidis in Eversen. Since the merging of local councils as part of the Lower Saxon administrative reforms of 1971, Eversen has been part of the town of Bergen . Eversen is represented by a local council ( Ortsrat ) and a council chairman ( Ortsbürgermeister ). The council
795-476: The commons , their occupants earned their living by working on the estates or as salt drivers for the Sülze Saltworks . Unlike most of the other heath villages in the southern Lüneburg Heath , Eversen was spared from the ravages of war and pillaging or burning by hostile troops during its history. The surrounding bogs provided a natural defence for the village. However the contributions required from
848-611: The 17th ( Gut II ) and 18th ( Gut I and Gut III) centuries are also protected. In the municipality of Eversen are several natural monuments including the entire group of trees at Gut I known as the Eichenhof ("Oak Grove") as well as an ancient oak, over 400 years old, on the edge of the Gehege . Until the agrarian reforms of the 19th century and the associated division of land that had previously been owned in common, those with grazing rights on these common areas were
901-584: The 1950s. Under the direction of Wigbert Wicker many of the scenes were filmed in the Gasthaus Niedersachsen ("Lower Saxony Inn"), a Lower Saxon house still largely preserved in its original state. The planned conversion of a shop in the village, which was also the location of many scenes, was delayed whilst filming took place. Well-known German actors and actresses such as Timothy Peach, Ulrich Pleitgen, Konstantin Graudus, Ferdinand Dux and Doris Kunstmann starred. Six episodes were filmed. The first broadcast under
954-477: The 1970s and 1980s for fish farming. Other water features include: a branch of the Örtze, the so-called Kolk ; several fish ponds in the village of Feuerschützenbostel; and, in the Schummelsbruch , a wood east of the village centre, bodies of water that were established for the long-term storage of logs following a storm in 1972. This section deals solely with the history of Eversen and does not cover
1007-562: The Junior Red Cross they collect and sell paper for recycling from the villagers. Today agriculture has largely lost its former importance. Apart from a few businesses which are involved in agriculture as a sideline, there is only one full-time farm left. Important economic drivers today are Landhandel Otte, an agricultural wholesalers, and the Heinrich Harling sawmill. Other medium-sized businesses in Eversen include
1060-520: The Klaus Otte garage, Thomas Dienelt the wrought ironmonger, Dieter Rossmann the joiner, Reinhard Peisker the timber-framing specialists, Ulrike Preusse the hairdressing salon and Norbert Herrmann the villager bakery. In recent years tourism has also become increasingly important. Within the municipality of Eversen, the village of Altensalzkoth is home to the Hotel Helm , Feuerschützenbostel has
1113-513: The Kohlenbach, which belongs to Eversen, as well as on Eversen Mathheide heath. In 1997 another storm caused massive damage, during which most of the Gehege , a wood adjacent to Gut I was blown down. In 1988 a television team was looking for a Lower Saxon village that had survived in its original state, with cobblestones, old farmhouses and a corner shop . In Eversen they discovered all of these things. They wanted to film village life in
SECTION 20
#17327940521531166-466: The beginning of the 19th century, whereby the villages were given fixed boundaries and every piece of land was allocated to a municipality ( Gemeinde ). The amount of land around the individual villages which was allocated to them was based on the grazing rights they had held in the past. This was followed during the period 1838 to 1858 by the division of common land ( Gemeinheitsteilungen ). Common land , i.e. those areas which had hitherto been shared by
1219-544: The boundaries of Eversen village is shown on a 1983 usage map: The River Örtze flows through Eversen, as do two streams: the Mühlenbach which runs from north to south through the old village ( alte Dorf ) and discharges into the Örtze, and the Bruchbach , which flows across the area. The Bruchbach acts as a drainage ditch but, in recent years, has also been used by the Eversen fishing club for breeding salmon. In
1272-520: The change of office, Albert Buhr became the first Nazi Bürgermeister . In the elections to the German Reichstag 30% of the votes went to the NSDAP ; in 1933 this had risen to 60%. Eversen was unaffected by the hostilities Second World War , although a Messerschmitt Bf 109 crashed into the garden of an Eversen farmer during an air battle in the area of Hanover and Brunswick . One of
1325-529: The club looks after the Bruchbach in Eversen. In the Örtze attempts have been made in recent years to re-introduce the long-extinct salmon into the local rivers again. The Eversen Male Voice Choir ( Männergesangverein Eversen von 1888 ) was founded in 1888 and re-activated in 2006. MGV Eversen has about 25 male singers. The amateur dramatic society founded in the 1950s and known as the Dorfbühne Eversen (Eversen Village Stage) has to date put on
1378-456: The community, was now transferred to the individual farms as freehold property based on their existing rights to the common land. On the basis of the Kingdom of Hanover 's 1833 redemption law, the obligations on farms under the manorial system were repealed. Farms to which the so-called manorial rights applied had been hitherto obliged to give numerous services and make frequent payments to
1431-472: The conditions for the establishment of new farms. In the 2nd half of the 19th century a large number of new houses appeared on the so-called Sandberg ("Sand Hill"), the part of Eversen east of the Örtze, and the population of the village grew markedly. Ninety-nine men from Eversen took part in the First World War , 29 of whom were killed. The unrest that following the end of the war led in 1919 to
1484-494: The decision makers in village affairs. In the 19th century, therefore, the Realgemeinde suffered a major loss of influence and importance, but was reformed in 1892 as a public body . Its task was the management of those woodlands that remained in the ownership of the village council. Its members continued to be those who were entitled to be on the council, i.e. the owners of the 21 farms and the three manorial estates. In 1974
1537-570: The end of the Second World War , however, High German has largely superseded it. However, Low German continues to be used colloquially especially amongst the older members of the village. The majority of the Eversen population is Protestant evangelical and the parish responsible for the village is the Church of St. Fabian and St. Sebastian in Sülze. In 1993 only 90 inhabitants belonged to
1590-591: The end of the 18th century. This route lost its importance as a trading route as result of new lines of communication and the inn business had to be folded. Since that time Kohlenbach has been the residence of the district forester ( Revierförster ) and part of the Royal Forestry Division of Miele ( Königliche Oberförsterei Miele ). It has been part of the parish of Eversen since 1929. Today the E1 European long distance path runs immediately past
1643-561: The estate to the so-called younger line of the family, who were thereupon incorporated into the enfeoffment . The current structure, a timber-framed manor house, was built in the late 18th century. In 1378 a Celle tax register named three full-time farmers ( Vollbauern ) as taxpayers to the Duke of Celle . Because the register only lists those farms belonging to the duke under the manorial system, it cannot be ascertained whether, at that time, other farms already existed. Shortly thereaftere there
Kohlenbach - Misplaced Pages Continue
1696-567: The farmers as a consequence of the Thirty Years War were a heavy burden that hindered village expansion for decades and led to the abandonment of many farms. Two epidemics of the Black Death in 1581 and 1642 caused many deaths and the extinction of several family lines. The 19th century was characterised by extensive agricultural reforms . Fundamental to subsequent reforms was the general division ( Generalteilung ) of land at
1749-567: The farmstead. 52°43′55.81″N 10°07′07.15″E / 52.7321694°N 10.1186528°E / 52.7321694; 10.1186528 Eversen (Bergen) Although Eversen was mentioned for the first time in a feudal register dating from 1330, the earliest archaeological discoveries stem from the Paleolithic period. The village is on the edge of the Südheide Nature Park and was an independent municipality until it
1802-411: The hamlet its name. Lying on the Old Celle Military Road ( Alten Celler Heerstraße ) that runs past Kohlenbach, coming from Hanover and Celle and heading towards Lüneburg , it served originally as an inn until the end of the 18th century. This route lost its importance as a trading route as result of new lines of communication and the inn business had to be folded. Since that time Kohlenbach has been
1855-415: The long, narrow, parallel strips of arable land ( Langstreifenfeldern ) that predominate here and, secondly, from the evolution of the village name, that Eversen appeared in the 9th century at the latest. At that time Eversen belonged to the old Saxon district of Loingau . The village was not, however, mentioned in the records until 1330 where it is recorded in a deed of enfeoffment ( Lehnsurkunde ) under
1908-415: The manor. That was now repealed on payment of 25 times the annual dues and the land was then granted under freehold into the farmers' ownership. These reforms led to an agricultural boom, the evidence of which can still be seen today in the numerous farmhouses that were built at that time. Another consequence of the repealing of manorial obligations was that property could be now freely sold. That created
1961-415: The name of Euersten . In Eversen there are three manorial estates ( Rittergüter ) to which the local farms used to belong. These farms had to pay various obligatory contributions and services to the lords of the manor ( Gutsherren ). The first estate, Gut I , the so-called Sedelhof , lies east of the village street. It is bordered to the north and east by mill ditches, to the west by the millpond and to
2014-557: The name of Petticoat took place on 9 November 1989 on Das Erste . In 2000 Eversen had 1,426 inhabitants. Since 1821 regular censuses have been carried out that give a clear picture of the pattern of population in Eversen. The sudden rise in numbers after the Second World War is probably due to the influx of refugees. Eversen belongs to the Low German language area and the Northern Low Saxon dialect group. Since
2067-510: The neighbouring hamlets incorporated into its municipal area in 1929. For histories of those hamlets see their separate articles: Feuerschützenbostel , Altensalzkoth and Kohlenbach . The earliest archaeological discoveries from Eversen date to the end of the Old Stone Age . Finds of flint tools, as well as the remains of fireplaces, are evidence of at least periodic settlement by itinerant hunter-gatherer cultures. Numerous finds from
2120-465: The parish of Eversen. The years after the Second World War were characterised by an influx of refugees. In the years that followed, many new houses were built on the Sandberg and the number of inhabitants rose sharply. Whilst this growth resulted in a very different appearance in the surrounding villages, the 'old village' ( alte Dorf ) largely retained its character and appearance and, even today,
2173-493: The possession of the Tiebermann family as before, who were therefore the sub- vassals ( Aftervasallen ) of the von Harlings. When the Tiebermanns died out in the 17th century the estate was not reallocated but went to Major Anton Johann von Harling. He had the manor house built which was completed in 1686. The Majorshof ("Major's Farm") was named after him. His son inherited Gut II as well as Gut I from his uncle, so that
Kohlenbach - Misplaced Pages Continue
2226-455: The remaining woods were divided among the members, only one in the parish of Sülze , with an area of 72 'morgen' was left under the jurisdiction of the Realgemeinde . The Eversen Shooting Club of 1745 ( Schützenverein Eversen von 1745 ) plays an important role in the village life of Eversen. It has over 470 village members and lays on numerous club events as well as the annual 'shooting festival' or Schützenfest . Eversen Shooting Club also has
2279-516: The south by the river Örtze . It is thus entirely surrounded by water and only accessible over a wooden bridge. Due to its good location it is thought to be one on the oldest estates in Eversen. The estate was first mentioned in the records in 1424. In a deed of enfeoffment by the Duke of Lüneburg, a certain Carsten von Harling, amongst others, was enfeoffed a farm in Eversen. Because the enfeoffment
2332-499: The two estates were once again owned by one person. Gut III , the Beckerhof , lies in the centre of the Old Village, west of the village street. It was originally an ordinary farm that paid manorial contributions and did not achieve the status of a manorial estate until the beginning of the 17th century. As a result of a distribution of inheritance, the older line of the von Harling family, which had its seat at Gut I , relinquished
2385-422: The two pilots died in the crash, the other was able to save himself by parachuting out. A total of 182 Eversen villagers took part in the war, 84 of whom died. As a result of denazification the former Bürgermeister resigned and several Eversen folk were classified as Minderbelastete . In 1945 and 1946 the so-called logging reparations resulted in about 120,000 - 150,000 cubic metres of wood being felled in
2438-420: The village continued to expand. Growth halted temporarily, however, after the establishment of a cotter farm obligated to Gut I in 1692. At that stage, Eversen consisted of 22 manorial farms, a community Hirtenhaus and the three manorial estates of the von Harling family. In addition there were the houses of the small farmers and hirelings . Because they only had small holdings of land and no grazing rights on
2491-568: Was "from time immemorial" ( von alters hero gehabt ) it can be assumed that Gut I had been in the possession of the Harling family from the end of the 14th century. The estate was one of the few in the Principality of Lüneburg that was furnished with a keep ( Bergfried ), or fortified tower. The present building dates from the year 1792, when the King's Council , Carl August von Harling, had
2544-451: Was a division of the three farms that were subservient to the duke into three cotter farms. In the Celle revenue record of 1381, five farms are recorded as being obligated to the Duke of Celle. In addition there was a farm belonging to Eversen's Gut II , so that at that time it can be reckoned that there were 6 manorial farms under the Duke. At the beginning of the 15th century the village
2597-404: Was further extended. The enfeoffed occupants of the Eversen estates used their land to create other farms subordinate to them. In a treasury register ( Schatzregister ) from 1438 as many as twelve people are listed as paying tribute ( Schatz ). From the tax records it can be ascertained that, at that time, there were 3 estates ( Vollhöfen ) and 9 cotters ( Kötner ). In the 16th and 17th centuries
2650-423: Was incorporated into the borough of Bergen in 1973. It has an area of 3,328 hectares (8,220 acres) and a population of 1,270 inhabitants (2019). Eversen is located on the boundary of the Südheide Nature Park about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) north of the town of Celle and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southwest of Hermannsburg on the L 240 state road that runs from Celle to Hermannsburg. The village lies on
2703-470: Was no longer dependent on ownership of property or land; instead every male villager over 25 had the right to vote. Until the 16th century Eversen belonged to the parish of St. Lambert in Bergen . Because the distance of 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) made regular church attendance difficult or, in bad weather on the muddy paths, impossible, a chapel was built in 1475 at the neighbouring village of Sülze , which
SECTION 50
#17327940521532756-422: Was overseen by the pastor at Bergen. In 1502 an endowment was given by the owner of Eversen's Gut I , which gave Eversen its own rectorate . Since then Eversen has belonged to the parish of Sülze . In the course of a municipal reform in 1929 the hitherto independent villages of Altensalzkoth and Feuerschützenbostel and the farmstead of Kohlenbach were incorporated into the parish of Eversen. In 1934 with
2809-406: Was responsible for the church parish of Sülze to which Eversen belonged. Matters of importance that only affected Eversen were discussed and decided by the Realgemeinde , i.e. the farm owners who had common land rights. The political reforms of the 19th century brought about a fundamental change from which the political municipality of Sülze arose. Participation in the resolution of village affairs
#152847