38-538: Koraga may refer to: Koraga people Koraga language Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Koraga . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koraga&oldid=932949145 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
76-475: A practice known as ajalu , which the Government of Karnataka defined as "differentiating Koraga people and persons belonging to other communities, treating them as inferior human beings, mixing hair, nails and other inedible abnoxious substances in the food and asking them to eat that food. They were also made to run like buffaloes before the beginning of Kambala." Ajalu has been considered to be inhuman and
114-521: A sun god. Although once they practiced a form of matrilineal inheritance known as Aliya Santana , the Koraga may now be patrilineal ( Makkala Santana ). They practice endogamy with regard to their three main subdivisions, the Sappina, Ande and Kappada Koraga. Each of the three subdivisions are further divided into clans known as balis , and they do not marry within their own clan. The diet of
152-616: Is Kannada . Konkani and Urdu are also widely spoken in the town. Being a part of Udupi district, Karkala is in the Udupi-Chikkamagalur Lok Sabha Constituency.The Karkala Town Municipal Council (ಕಾರ್ಕಳ ಪುರಸಭೆ) is the municipal corporation of the town, responsible for all public works and development. Roadways are the main mode of transportation in Karkala. The town is well connected to Udupi, Moodabidri and Padubidri, and to Sringeri and Kalasa on
190-596: Is 79%. In Karkala, 9% of the population is under six years of age. According to recent statistics by town municipality, 25,635 people currently reside in this town, while as per the recent statistics Karkala taluk has a population of 2.10 Lacs (previous 2001 census is 2,04,571). Hinduism is the largest religion in Karkala, with Sthanika Brahmins , Rama kshathriya , Bunts , Sapaliga /Sapalya, Billavas , Ganigas , Rajapura Saraswat Brahmins (RSB), Goud Saraswat Brahmins (GSBs), Chitpavan Brahmins,Shivalli Brahmins, Vishwakarma Brahmins , Devadiga and Mogaveera forming
228-525: Is a unique form of folk dance in Tulu Nadu. The tiger is considered as the mount of Goddess Durga , and the dance is performed during the Dasara and Krishna Janmashthami festivals. Bhuta Kola or spirit worship is practised across the region, usually at night, invoking the spirits via an oracle, accompanied by traditional music and practices. The most popular local sport is Kambula , or buffalo racing, which
266-641: Is being made. The first PhD to be awarded to a member of the community was reported in 2010 and two other Koragas made headlines in 2012 when they passed the National Eligibility Test (NET) for lectureship conducted by the University Grants Commission . Government agencies are encouraging improvements in education for Koraga children by opening schools exclusively for their community in villages like Madhya Padavu. There have been lacklustre attempts, certainly since
304-471: Is conducted in paddy fields. Koridakatta ( Cockfighting ) is another sport for village people. The Tuluva people have a high regard for nature and snakes in particular, so Nagaradhane, or snake worship, is also practised with the belief that the Naga Devatha (Snake God) will protect their communities. Karkala is a multilingual town. Tulu is the native language of the people, while the official language
342-594: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Koraga people The Koraga are a tribal community or indigenous community found mainly in the Dakshina Kannada , Udupi districts of Karnataka and the Kasaragod district of Kerala , south India. These areas in Karnataka, are altogether often referred to as Tulunaad , which roughly corresponds to
380-555: Is in use since the times of the British, while it is still referred to as "Karla" by the local Tulu population. Karkala dates back to the beginning of the 10th century. The town was called Pandya Nagari during the period of Jain rule. The Alupas were the first to rule the region, and their rule was followed by the Santaras , who were the feudatories of Alupas for many years. The town attained political and cultural importance from
418-522: Is located at 13°12′N 74°59′E / 13.2°N 74.98°E / 13.2; 74.98 . It has an average elevation of 81 metres (265 feet). It has large number of picturesque lakes. such as Ramasamudra Lake, Kamala Kere, NagarBavi, Anekere, Sigadi Kere, Matadha Kere, Shivathi Kere and Jogina Kere. Situated at the foothills of the Western Ghats, Karkala has an undulating landscape, dotted with black granite outcrops, while
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#1732782530619456-588: Is popularly known as Chaturmukha or Four-Faced. It is also referred to as Tribhuvana Tilaka Jina Chaityalaya and Ratnaraya Dhama in some inscriptions. The Chaturmukha Basadi is built in the form of a square hall with a lofty doorway and pillared porticos on each of its four sides along with a pillared verandah. The roof is flat and is made of massive granite slabs. It has life size statues of three Jain Theerthankaras on each side and small images of 24 Tirthankara . In all, there are 108 pillars inside and outside
494-465: Is still a place called as Kariya Kall in the city which means 'Black Rock' in Tulu and Kannada languages. The name 'Kariya Kall/ ಕರಿಯಕಲ್ಲ್ changed to 'Karikal/ಕರಿಕಲ್' and eventually to 'Karkal/ಕರ್ಕಲ್/ಕಾರ್ಕಳ್'. However, some studies assert that the original name was 'Kari Kola' meaning 'elephant lake' in Tulu and Kannada languages, which today is known as 'Anekere'. The current official name "Karkala"
532-470: Is strongly influenced by Tulu , Kannada , Malayalam , languages commonly found in their area. An earlier study by Cordaux et al. (2003) recorded only three major haplogroups, viz. U1a, M3 and U2a (lower frequency), with little diversity within the Koraga tribal population, whereas the present study identified the presence of 19 haplogroups, viz. L3e’i’k’x, U1, U1a, U1a1a, U2, U2a1, H2a*, H33b, M1a3, M1a3b1, M2a1a2, M3, M3a2a, M7a, M30, M40, N, N9b, D4k. However,
570-650: The Basadis . Abhinava Pandya's successor was Pandya VI, who is attributed to the construction of the Kere Basadis in the middle of a lake called Anekere in 1545 AD. Immadi Bhairava (Bhairava II), who ruled after him, constructed the Chaturmukha Basadi on top of a small rocky hill in 1586 AD. This Basadis has four identical entrances from the four directions leading to the Garbagriha and hence
608-453: The Karkala taluk . King Veera Bhairava,constructed the basadis at Karkala and endowed land and money to numerous temples and basadis . Ramanatha and Veerapandya were his two sons and Ramanatha died early during his father's time. So In his memory, a scenic lake called Ramasamudra was created, which still survives to this day. King Veera Pandya, at the insistence of his Guru Lalitakeerti,
646-497: The Western Ghats , Karkala has a number of natural and historical landmarks, and is a major tourist and transit destination due to its strategic location along the way to Hebri , Sringeri , Kalasa , Horanadu , Udupi , Kollur , Subrahmanya and Dharmasthala . Black granite is abundant in the area, and used widely in the local architecture. Hence, the name of the town is derived from kari-kal , meaning black stone. There
684-490: The untouchables , being considered as ritually polluted by Hindus, but there have in the past been claims that they are of Chandala stock. Their folklore claims Hubbashika to have been one of their chiefs but the Kadamba narrative asserts a Chandala origin, that they are the descendants of the offspring of a Brahman woman and a Shudra father. Edgar Thurston quotes M. T. Walhouse, who wrote in 1875 that this narrative
722-535: The 1980s, to alleviate the conditions of the tribe. A Tribal Sub-Plan instigated by the government of Karnataka failed to have any impact, at least in part because the affected tribes were not aware of its existence, and attempts by the Koragas themselves to exert pressure for change from around 1994 met with little success because their very organisation was sponsored by the government whom they were trying to hold to account. C. B. Damle has said that "They still live in
760-739: The 21st century with the support of organisations like the Koraga Abhivridhi Sanghagala Okkoota (Federation of Koraga Development Associations). Government measures such as those prohibiting ajalu and the affirmative action afforded by the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989. and the Bonded Labour System (Abolish) Act, 1976 are also significant. In places such as Kokkarne , Koraga people have stopped their practice of drum beating during Kambala fairs on
798-535: The Koraga colonies are developed with concrete lanes, tiled houses, electricity with financial support from District authorities, Taluk and village panchayats. Government authorities promised low cost concrete houses to all the 1126 Koraga families living in Dakshina Kannada. Residential summer camps are held exclusively for Koraga children by Government agencies, to impart non-curricular and vocational skills. Koraga people have campaigned for equality in
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#1732782530619836-478: The Koraga is generally of poor quality because they are poor. They subsist mainly on rice and meats such as pork and beef, although they are increasingly also using produce such as pulses and vegetables. Their meat is often sourced from animals that have died naturally rather than by slaughter. Malnutrition is common among Koraga children due to poor diet and this is something of concern to the Government health authorities. Despite Government schemes designed to improve
874-421: The boundaries of the erstwhile South Canara district. They are also found in small numbers in adjoining districts of Uttara Kannada , Shimoga and Kodagu . The Koraga are classified by the Government of India as a particularly vulnerable tribal group . The Koraga, who numbered 16,071 according to the 2001 census of India, have their own language , classified as an independent Dravidian language , which
912-474: The culprits and the police who failed to prevent it. Although an untouchable community, the Koraga regard themselves as Hindus, albeit ones who follow a tribal religious system. Despite being discriminated by other higher ranked groups, they exert a sense of superstitious fear because those groups consider the Koraga to be capable of influencing events through the use of magic and witchcraft. They worship spirits known as Bhutas as well as some devas and
950-516: The grounds that they were forced to keep a watch on slush paddy fields for the entire night. They have also complained of forced consumption of alcohol and smoking. Karkala Karkala ( Kannada: [kɑːɾkəɭə] ) ( Tulu: [kɑːɾlə] ) is a town and the headquarters of eponymous Karkala taluk in the Udupi district of Karnataka state in India . It lies near the foothills of
988-509: The haplogroups U1a, U1a1a, U2a1, M3a2a and M30 accounted for 72% of the total variation. The haplogroups observed among the Koraga were nested in the lineages of macrohaplogroups M, N, R and U. Amongst the quantified mtDNA haplogroups, U1a1a (27.1%), M3a2a (16.7%), M30 (11.5%), U2a1 (9.4%) and U1a (7.3%) were the most common among the Koraga. The 1901 census report noted the Koraga as being a lowly tribe of basket-makers and labourers, some of whom were employed as scavengers. They remain today among
1026-482: The major communities. There is also a significant Roman Catholic and Protestant Christian presence, and sunni Hanafi Muslim communities settled in the town, Muslims Of Karkala Speak Urdu as their mother tongue. The people of Karkala follow the Tuluva culture. Distinctive features of this culture include rituals of Bhuta Kola , Nagaradhane and Yakshagana . Tuluva New Year is called Bisu. Pilinalike or Tiger Dance
1064-453: The nutritional content of their food, the implementation has been poor and Koraga people have sometimes demanded improvements to it. Koraga people are known for drum beating ( dollu or dolu beating) and it is one of their important cultural contributions. They used to beat dolu during events such as Kambala , village fairs or just for fun in their living places. Traditional belief was that Koraga drum-beating had special powers and that
1102-638: The pontiff of Karkala Jaina Math, installed a large statue of Bahubali on the rocky hill of Karkala. The date of the installation has been ascertained as 13 February 1432. He also installed the Brahmadeva Pillar in front of the statue in 1436. His successor, Abinava Pandya installed a carving of manastambha in front of the Neminatha Basadis in Hiriyangadi in 1457 AD. An intricately carved 54-foot-high (16 m) pillar stands in front of
1140-806: The rule of the Pandyas, the region was annexed by Tippu Sultan , and thereafter passed on to British rule. The St Lawrence Church was built in 1845 in a village called Nitte (Attur hamlet) where people of all religions congregate every year in January for the feast of St Lawrence. Karkala is an important pilgrimage location for Jains. There are several Hindu temples, Jain Basadis , mosques, churches, and lakes in Karkala. Karla has famous educational institutions like NITTE College, Shri Bhuvenendra College, Christ king Educational institutions, and Jnanasuda Educational College. ASI protected sites in Karkala are Karla
1178-628: The sound of drum-beating drives away evil spirits. However, the practice declined as the drum beaters were looked down upon by society. Attempts are being made to revive the art by forming drum-beating troupes such as Gajamela in Dakshina Kannada, with support from the Government. Such troupes also give performances on occasions like tribal gatherings in coastal Karnataka. Flute music and dance involving both men and women are also important parts of Koraga culture and are apparent at celebrations such as Bhoomi Habba (worshipping earth). The Koraga people are an educationally disadvantaged tribe but progress
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1216-449: The temple. There are 18 Basadis of antiquity, including Mahaveera Basadi , Chandranathaswamy Basadi , Adinathaswamy Basadi , Ananthanatha Basadi , Guru Basadi Basadi , and Padmavati Basadi . However, the rulers of Karkala were tolerant towards other religions, with temples of other religions being constructed, including the temples of Anantashayana and Venkataramana, Mahamaya Mukhyaprana, and Sri Aadi-Shakthi Veerabhadra Swamy. After
1254-431: The thatched huts in the outskirts of the village and depend on agricultural labour for their livelihood. Most of them are landless labourers though a few continue their traditional skill of basket making. In townships and in cities, they are engaged in scavenging and sweeping jobs." Government authorities are helping the progress of Koraga people by activities such as granting cultivable lands, cross bred cows etc. Some of
1292-653: The time of the Kalasa-Karkala kingdom that was established by King Bhairava between 13th and 16th centuries. The royal family of Karkala rose to prominence from the time of the rule of the Hoysalas . During the Vijayanagara period this family reached new heights of glory as their kingdom extended over a wider area comprising Sringeri , Koppa , Balehonnur and Mudigere in Chikamagalur and most of
1330-480: The tribe continue to make use of the forest produce—principally, bamboo and creepers—for the manufacture of baskets today. They traditionally lived in structures made of leaves, called koppus and also dressed in leaves. Around the beginning of the 21st century, they started to live in simple free houses constructed and sanctioned by Government agencies, but some of them are still either homeless or live on government-owned lands. Koraga people have been subjected to
1368-529: The western part of the town is predominantly coastal plains that stretch about 25 km west towards the Arabian Sea. Religion in Moodabidri (2011) As of 2001 India census , Karkala town had a population of 25,118. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Karkala has an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 85%, and female literacy
1406-535: Was prohibited in 2000 by the Karnataka Koragas (Prohibition of Ajalu Practice) Act, 2000. Contravention of the Act is punishable by a term of imprisonment of between six months and five years, as well as a cash penalty. Nonetheless, ajalu has been occasionally witnessed during Nemotsava or temple fairs at places such as Inna ( Karkala ) and Saligrama, Udupi , leading to Koraga people demanding action against
1444-486: Was recorded by Brahmans and that, together with the Kapata, the Koraga were the lowest of the fifteen Chandala groups. However, Thurston thinks it probable that they were in fact the aboriginals of the region who were dispersed, dispossessed and turned into slaves by the influx of Aryans from the north of India. but this narrative lack reliability The area in which they live comprises mostly agricultural land and forest and
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