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17-886: The Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was an autonomous republic of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic within the Soviet Union , and was originally a part of the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic . On 16 January 1922 the region was detached from the Mountain ASSR and the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Oblast on 1 September 1921. It became an autonomous republic on 5 December 1936. On 30 January 1991,

34-1400: A great abundance of mineral water . 1918–24   Turkestan 1918–41   Volga German 1919–90   Bashkir 1920–25   Kirghiz 1920–90   Tatar 1921–91   Adjarian 1921–45   Crimean 1921–91   Dagestan 1921–24   Mountain 1921–90   Nakhichevan 1922–91   Yakut 1923–90   Buryat 1923–40   Karelian 1924–40   Moldavian 1924–29   Tajik 1925–92   Chuvash 1925–36   Kazakh 1926–36   Kirghiz 1931–92   Abkhaz 1932–92   Karakalpak 1934–90   Mordovian 1934–90   Udmurt 1935–43   Kalmyk 1936–44   Checheno-Ingush 1936–44   Kabardino-Balkarian 1936–90   Komi 1936–90   Mari 1936–90   North Ossetian 1944–57   Kabardin 1956–91   Karelian 1957–92   Checheno-Ingush 1957–91   Kabardino-Balkarian 1958–90   Kalmyk 1961–92   Tuvan 1990–91   Gorno-Altai 1991–92   Crimean 43°35′N 43°24′E  /  43.583°N 43.400°E  / 43.583; 43.400 Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics In

51-550: A plain include Tambukan Lake . Mount Elbrus (5,642 m) is volcanic and the highest peak in the Caucasus . Other major mountains include Mount Dykhtau (5,402 m), Mount Koshkhatau (5,151 m), and Mount Shkhara (5,068 m). Along with timber, the mining of minerals such as iron , molybdenum , gold , coal , tungsten , and lead were a main industry in the Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR. The region also has

68-1425: A variety of heavy industries on that resource base. The traditional Bashkir occupations of livestock raising and beekeeping remain important economic activities. 1918–24   Turkestan 1918–41   Volga German 1919–90   Bashkir 1920–25   Kirghiz 1920–90   Tatar 1921–91   Adjarian 1921–45   Crimean 1921–91   Dagestan 1921–24   Mountain 1921–90   Nakhichevan 1922–91   Yakut 1923–90   Buryat 1923–40   Karelian 1924–40   Moldavian 1924–29   Tajik 1925–92   Chuvash 1925–36   Kazakh 1926–36   Kirghiz 1931–92   Abkhaz 1932–92   Karakalpak 1934–90   Mordovian 1934–90   Udmurt 1935–43   Kalmyk 1936–44   Checheno-Ingush 1936–44   Kabardino-Balkarian 1936–90   Komi 1936–90   Mari 1936–90   North Ossetian 1944–57   Kabardin 1956–91   Karelian 1957–92   Checheno-Ingush 1957–91   Kabardino-Balkarian 1958–90   Kalmyk 1961–92   Tuvan 1990–91   Gorno-Altai 1991–92   Crimean This Soviet Union –related article

85-634: The Kazakhstan border at its southernmost point. The region was settled by nomads of the steppe, the Turkic Bashkirs , during the 13th-century domination by the Golden Horde . Russians arrived in the mid-16th century, founding the city of Ufa , now the republic's capital. Numerous local uprisings broke out in opposition to the settlement of larger Russian populations in the centuries that followed. The Bashkirs finally gave up nomadic life in

102-785: The Russian SFSR , for example, Chairmen of the Government of the ASSRs were officially members of the Government of the RSFSR . Unlike the union republics, the autonomous republics only had the right to disaffiliate themselves from the Union when the union republic containing them did so, as well as to choose to stay with the Union separately from them. The level of political, administrative and cultural autonomy they enjoyed varied with time—it

119-568: The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and featured Russians as the ethnic majority. The Russian , Ottoman and Persian Empires fought for the region between the 17th and 19th centuries, during which the region was under Russian control. After the October Revolution , the region joined the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1921, during the Russian Civil War . The territories were detached from

136-494: The Terek River (623 km), Malka River (216 km), Baksan River (173 km), Urukh River (104 km), and Cherek River (76 km). An area of 18,740 km (7,240 sq mi) is covered solely by river basins . More than 100 lakes are located in the borders, although none of them has very large surface area. Most of the lakes are located in the mountains, formed by glacial processes. Lakes located on

153-655: The seceding union republic , as well as to raise the issue of their state-legal status. The 1978 Constitution of the RSFSR recognized sixteen autonomous republics within the RSFSR. Their status as of October 2007 within the Russian Federation is given in parentheses: Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast (now Altai Republic ), Adyghe Autonomous Oblast (now Republic of Adygea ), Karachay–Cherkess Autonomous Oblast (now Karachay–Cherkess Republic ) and Khakassian Autonomous Oblast (now Republic of Khakassia ) were all promoted in status to that of an ASSR in 1991, in

170-579: The 19th century, adopting the agricultural lifestyle that remains their primary means of support. The traditional clan-based social structure has largely disappeared. The predominant religions of the Bashkir population are Muslim , which is observed by the majority, and Russian Orthodoxy . A major battleground of the Russian Civil War , in 1919 the Bashkir Republic was the first ethnic region to be designated an autonomous republic of Russia under

187-738: The Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR declared state sovereignty . It is now the Kabardino-Balkaria republic, a federal subject of the Russian Federation . The Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR bordered no other sovereign states during the existence of the Soviet Union. Like the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , the Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR was shared by two nationalities. Both autonomous republics resided as part of

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204-742: The Mountain ASSR to the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Oblast in 1922, and on 5 December 1936 it was transformed into the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1944, Joseph Stalin accused the Balkars of cooperating with Nazi Germany , men of military age suspected of being collaborators were deported to internment camps in Central Asia. Balkar lands were incorporated into Kabardin ASSR except for Baksan valley which

221-1789: The last year of the Soviet Union. Only the Jewish Autonomous Oblast retained its autonomous oblast status in Russia. Other autonomous republics also existed within RSFSR at earlier points of the Soviet history: 1918–24   Turkestan 1918–41   Volga German 1919–90   Bashkir 1920–25   Kirghiz 1920–90   Tatar 1921–91   Adjarian 1921–45   Crimean 1921–91   Dagestan 1921–24   Mountain 1921–90   Nakhichevan 1922–91   Yakut 1923–90   Buryat 1923–40   Karelian 1924–40   Moldavian 1924–29   Tajik 1925–92   Chuvash 1925–36   Kazakh 1926–36   Kirghiz 1931–92   Abkhaz 1932–92   Karakalpak 1934–90   Mordovian 1934–90   Udmurt 1935–43   Kalmyk 1936–44   Checheno-Ingush 1936–44   Kabardino-Balkarian 1936–90   Komi 1936–90   Mari 1936–90   North Ossetian 1944–57   Kabardin 1956–91   Karelian 1957–92   Checheno-Ingush 1957–91   Kabardino-Balkarian 1958–90   Kalmyk 1961–92   Tuvan 1990–91   Gorno-Altai 1991–92   Crimean Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic The Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , also historically known as Soviet Bashkiria or simply Bashkiria ,

238-539: The new communist government. The republic declared its sovereignty within the Soviet Union on 11 October 1990 as Bashkir Soviet Socialist Republic , and in 1992 it declared full independence. Two years later, Bashkortostan agreed to remain within the legislative framework of the Russian Federation, provided that mutual areas of competence were agreed upon. The republic has rich mineral resources, especially petroleum , natural gas , iron ore , manganese , copper , salt , and construction stone. The Soviet government built

255-546: Was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR . Currently it is known as Republic of Bashkortostan , a federal subject of Russia. The Bashkir ASSR was the first Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the RSFSR . The republic occupied an area of 143,600 km (55,400 sq mi) in the far south-eastern corner of European Russia , bounded on the east by the Ural Mountains and within seventy kilometers of

272-557: Was ceded to the Georgian SSR . After the end of war, most of those interned were allowed to return, except those who actually were involved in anti-Soviet conspiracies. In 1957, the original name of Balkar-Kabardin ASSR was restored. The Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was located in the North Caucasus mountains. It covered an area of 12,500 km (4,800 sq mi). The main rivers include

289-532: Was most substantial in the 1920s ( Korenizatsiya ), the 1950s after the death of Joseph Stalin , and in the Brezhnev Era . According to the constitution of the USSR , in case of a union republic voting on leaving the Soviet Union, autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and autonomous okrugs had the right, by means of a referendum , to independently resolve whether they will stay in the USSR or leave with

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