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43-515: These valleys are part of the Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands ecoregion . They are filled up with coarse to fine alluvial sediments . The Chitwan Valley and the Dang and Deukhuri Valleys are some of the largest Inner Terai Valleys. Malaria was prevalent in this region until the late 1950s. Since its eradication, the area became a viable destination for large-scale migration of people from

86-714: A number of reptiles including the gharial , mugger crocodile and soft-shelled turtles . The grasslands partly cover two BirdLife International Endemic Bird Areas , the Central Himalayas EBA in western Nepal and the western end of the Assam Plains EBA south of Bhutan. There are three near-endemic bird species. The 44 threatened and declining bird species of the grasslands include the Bengal florican ( Houbaropsis bengalensis ), lesser florican ( Sypheotides indica ), sarus crane ( Grus antigone ) and

129-615: Is 150 km (93 mi) long and roughly 30–48 km (19–30 mi) wide. The cities of Bharatpur , Ratnanagar , Hetauda and Kawasoti are in the valley. It is drained by the Rapti River flowing from the Mahabharat Range near Hetauda, then west down the valley to join the bigger Narayani River west of Meghauli situated within the valley. Imagery of Chitwan ( C ): terrain satellite The Chitwan National Park , Nepal's first national park established in 1973,

172-641: Is Nepal's largest patch of continuous grassland. The Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands are a mosaic of tall riverside grasslands, savannas and evergreen and deciduous forests, depending on soil quality and the amount of rain each area receives. The grasslands of the Terai in Nepal are among the tallest in the world, and are maintained by silt deposited by the yearly monsoon floods. Important grasses include baruwa ( Tripidium bengalense ) and kans grass ( Saccharum spontaneum ), which quickly establishes itself after

215-617: Is a regional hospital in Kalagaun. Nepal Red Cross Society, Surkhet Eye Hospital is main eye care service provider which is located at Budhapath in Birendranagar Municipality in Surkhet. There are many NGOs and INGOs working in this area for development. The INF Surkhet Programme is one of the oldest organizations working in the health and development sector. There are other INGOs like GTZ, DFID, DANIDA, USAID, Oxfam, and

258-553: Is about 30 km (19 mi) long and between 2 km (1.2 mi) and 4 km (2.5 mi) wide. It is drained by the Triyuga river flowing east to join the great Koshi River . This valley lies between the Mahabharat Range to the north and the Sivalik Hills to the south, with an average elevation of about 430 m (1,410 ft). The mouth of the valley opens onto a 175 km (109 mi) rectangle of land where

301-610: Is colloquially called Terai in the Ganges Basin east to Nepal, then Dooars in West Bengal , Bhutan and Assam east to the Brahmaputra River . It harbours the world's tallest grasslands , which are the most threatened and rare worldwide. This tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome stretches from western Bhutan to southern Nepal 's Terai , westward to Banke , covering

344-698: Is drained by the Babai River , and is one of the largest Inner Terai valleys. The Deukhuri Valley is southeast of the Dang Valley and extends about 60 km (37 mi) in WNW-ESE direction with a maximum width of 20 km (12 mi). It forms a nearly 600 km (230 sq mi) plain within a drainage basin of 6,100 km (2,400 sq mi). The valley is drained by the West Rapti River . The Mahendra Highway passes through

387-731: Is mostly in the drier bhabar belt, with some forest patches in Chitwan National Park. Surkhet district Surkhet District ( Nepali : सुर्खेत जिल्ला , Listen ) is a district in Karnali Province of mid-western Nepal . Surkhet is one of the ten districts of Karnali located about 600 kilometres (373 mi) west of the national capital Kathmandu . The district's area is 2,489 square kilometres (961 sq mi). It had 288,527 population in 2001 and 350,804 in 2011 which male comprised 169,461 and female 181,381. Its district headquarters, Birendranagar ,

430-568: Is one of Nepal's few cities built under a master plan. It is popularly known as "Gateway to karnali". Rara (biggest lake of Nepal), Shey phoksundo lake, five religious sites inside Dailekh, Kubinde lake (Salyan) and several terrains can be taken into account through roadway Ratna Highway (named after Queen Ratna Rajya laxmi devi Shah) and Jumla Highway. Surkhet is open to Tourist connecting way to Kailash Mansarowar Tibet through Flights and helicopter charter from Nepalgunj or roadway Surkhet. Shortest fasttrack of Nepal that connects Chinese and Indian border

473-477: Is one of the Inner Terai Valleys of Nepal . It borders, Achham district of Sudurpashchim , Dailekh and Jajarkot districts to the north, Salyan district to the east, Banke and Bardiya districts of Lumbini and Kailali of Sudurpaschim to the south, and Doti district of Sudurpaschim to the west. All boundaries of Surkhet district by the river there are Bheri and Karnali Rivers. Unlike

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516-616: Is situated in the Surkhet district , mid-western Nepal . The valley is about 700 m (2,300 ft) above sea level, forming an ellipse about 9 km (5.6 mi) east-west by 6 km (3.7 mi) north-south. It is drained by the Bheri River , a tributary of the Karnali . The district is the homeland of the Raji people . Tharu people from Dang settled in the valley since at least

559-433: Is surrounded by forest. From Mangalgadi you have to take south for about 3 and a half kilometer up to Shiva mandir on Latakoili Danda top and turn left towards east about 2 to 2.5 Km. Thousands of tourists came here for religious purpose and to experience the atmosphere and views of nature. This place continuously ranks as one of the most important tourist destinations in surgery. The carved stones and bronze statues reflect

602-446: Is the capital of Karnali Province. It is serving as a business hub and document center for Karnali province. According to population, development, road links, landforms, climate, many peoples are migrating here. After becoming province capital developmental activities are boosted and are in peak level. All the governmental works are carried here. Birendranagar is beautiful valley surrounded by hills having moderate climate. Surkhet Valley

645-435: Is under construction. Unlikely, tourists can find the hottest place Nepalgunj to colder area in Nepal. Kankrebihar is a stone temple on the top of the hillock built in the 12th century. This temple is located in southeast of the Surkhet valley. It is about 6 km far from Birendranagar. It is one of the most famous historical and religious place of Karnali province. The temple is constructed in sikhar style. The temple

688-530: The BlinkNow Foundation . Tourist attractions are places like Kakrebihar temple, Bulbule Lake, Deutibajai temple, Mangalgadhi, Gothikanda, Ghantaghar, Bheri river and others with religious as well as historic value. Kakrebihar is the remains of an old Buddhist Monastery (palace), which is in the list of national heritage sites in Nepal. Bheri river is a common destination for rafting and paragliding has been recently started in Surkhet. Birendranagar

731-488: The Dang and Deukhuri Valleys along the Rapti River to India 's Bhabar and Doon Valley . Each end crosses the border into India's states of Uttarakhand , Uttar Pradesh and Bihar . The eastern and central areas are wetter than the western end. In Nepal, the wetlands of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve , Beeshazar Tal in the bufferzone of Chitwan National Park , Jagdishpur Reservoir and Ghodaghodi Tal are designated Ramsar sites . The Sukla Phanta Wildlife Reserve

774-607: The 19th century. Imagery of Surkhet ( S ): terrain satellite Both valleys are located in the Dang Deukhuri District of the Rapti Zone in mid-western Nepal. The Dang Valley lies between the Mahabharat Range in the north and the Churia Range in the south. It forms a nearly 1,000 km (390 sq mi) plain within a local drainage basin of less than 3,000 km (1,200 sq mi). It

817-805: The Deukhuri Valley. Both valleys are settled by Tharu people. Imagery of Dang ( A ) and Deukhuri ( E ): terrain satellite The Chitwan Valley , the biggest valley in Nepal, encompasses the districts of Makwanpur , Chitwan and Nawalpur of central Nepal. The Chitwan Valley lies south-west of the Kathmandu valley and it has 600 square miles in area. After the re-structuring of the country in 2015, two districts of this valley, namely, Makwanpur and Chitwan lies in Bagmati Province and Nawalpur district lies in Gandaki Province. It

860-570: The Gangetic plain and Bangladesh has steadily increased in recent years. Deforestation of the Terai appears to be one of the major causes. The Indian and Nepalese governments are cooperating in measures including construction of barrages and dams in the Terai, such as the Koshi Barrage . However, these efforts may have mixed results. They contain floodwater in the short term, but may increase

903-786: The Kamala Valley was primarily inhabited by the Dhanwar people (or Danuwar), but there is a fast-growing population of migrants from the Nepali hills and from India. Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands The Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands is a narrow lowland ecoregion at the base of the Himalayas , about 25 km (16 mi) wide, and a continuation of the Indo-Gangetic Plain in India , Nepal and Bhutan . It

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946-504: The Terai for many centuries, and reputedly had an innate resistance to malaria . After malaria was eradicated using DDT in the mid-1950s, people from the hills migrated to the Terai. Timber export continued to 1969. In 1970, the king granted land to loyal ex-army personnel in the districts of Jhapa , Sunsari , Rupandehi and Banke , where seven colonies were developed for resettling about 7,000 people. They acquired property rights over uncultivated forest and waste land, thus accelerating

989-565: The Triyuga meets the Koshi river above the Koshi Barrage . It was designated the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve in 1976, and is home to the last remaining population of wild Asian water buffalo in Nepal. The reserve is mostly wetlands, subject to seasonal flooding, but also includes some grasslands and small patches of riverine forest. It is a Ramsar Site . Imagery of Kamala valley: terrain satellite Traditionally,

1032-472: The adjoining Parsa National Park is of major importance, especially for tigers and clouded leopard . Grazing animals of the grasslands include five species of deer, barasingha , sambar , chital , hog deer and muntjac along with four large grazing animals, Asian elephant, rhinoceros, gaur and nilgai . Endangered mammals found here include the wild water buffalo and the near-endemic hispid hare ( Caprolagus hispidus ). The grasslands are also home to

1075-595: The capital of Karnali Province. Mid-western University started 2010 in Birendranagar and offers 18 variable master's degree courses as well as 24 bachelor courses. It is one of the newest educational institute upgrading in recent years. Three colleges offer education up to Master's level. There are many 10+2 schools teaching science, management, humanities, rural development, education etc. Other institutions offer technical education such as veterinary, overseer, computer assistant, assistant health worker and ANM. There

1118-674: The cold weather of the Karnali mountain region and hot weather of the Outer Terai region, Surkhet has a more moderate climate. Winter temperatures drop to about 5 °C and in summer it goes up to 38 °C. Monsoon brings sufficient rainfall during the rainy season. Surkhet ranks low in overall change in climatic condition. 42% covers with plain fertile land and 43% of Mahabharat Range. Rest in Siwalik range rich in forest resource. Adult literacy of 73.1%. Some government educational institutions Some Notable private institutions At

1161-407: The deforestation process in the Terai. The well-meaning malaria eradication campaign has had unexpected consequences by opening up the Terai region to human settlement. The Inner Terai valleys are home to a rich and diverse ecosystem. Since the early 1990s, however, the forests have been increasingly destroyed because of growing demands for timber and agricultural land. This has led to concerns about

1204-537: The district of Dailekh . Surkhet is hub to remoter districts like Kalikot , Jumla , Mugu , Jajarkot , and Salyan . Recently because of the Maoist insurgency which ended in 2008, many people have migrated to Surkhet from these districts. for various purposes population are attracted towards this valley. Surkhet is accessible by air service and roads from various parts of the country. districts not having road links uses airservices for travelling.Ratna highway links it to

1247-633: The elusive Indian grassbird. Although the population density has been low it is now growing, especially in the Terai belt. Much of the ecoregion has been converted to farmland since the forest was cut down for timber. Shuklaphanta National Park , Chitwan , Bardia and Dudhwa National Parks , Some protected areas preserve significant sections of habitat, and are home to some of the greatest concentrations of Indian rhinoceros and Bengal tiger remaining in South Asia . The areas with tall grasslands are of special conservation importance. The remaining forest

1290-456: The end of 2075 BS. There is ticket system to enter at the gate of the temple. It is far away from the city. So, facility of hotels and other staying are not available there. We cannot found any human settlement near the temple as it is surrounded by forest. Nearby it there is a picnic spot. Kankre Bihar was built during the regime of King Ashok Challa of Sinja Kingdom ( now jumla ) approximately in 1268 AD, who has ruled between 1255 and 1278 AD, he

1333-603: The hills who transformed the area from virgin forest and grassland to farmland. The Inner Terai valleys lie between the Sivalik Hills and Mahabharat Range . They hold flat plains with winding rivers that shift their courses from time to time, running northwest or southeast along the axis of the Sivalik Hills. The Terai has a humid, subtropical climate. The mean annual rainfall at the Rampur weatherstation in Chitwan

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1376-407: The hot spring and rainy summer monsoon. Until the mid 18th century, the Terai was divided into several smaller kingdoms, and the forests were little disturbed. After the unification of Nepal in the late 1760s, the rulers granted large areas of fertiIe land and forest resources to members of the royal family, officials, priests and selected groups of the society. The beneficiaries of these grants had

1419-415: The images of Buddha, and many Hindu gods and goddesses including Saraswati and Ganesh. There are statues of different gods and goddesses made up of stones. It is believed that pandas used to came there and play. It is also said that they made a cave there. The bihar is likely to have been Collapsed due to strom. The plan of government of re-erecting the temple into its original structure had been completed by

1462-560: The large numbers of the endangered greater one-horned rhinoceros and Bengal tigers as well as Asian elephants , sloth bears , Indian leopards . In Nepal's Chitwan National Park , more than 400 rhinos were sighted in 2008, and 125 adult tigers were recorded during a survey conducted from December 2009 to March 2010, which covered an area of 1,261 km (487 sq mi). Nepal's Bardia National Park and Sukla Phanta Wildlife Reserve , and India's Valmiki and Dudhwa National Parks are home to nearly 100 tigers. Chitwan along with

1505-464: The problem in the longer term by reducing water velocity in the rivers downstream, and thus accelerating silting and reducing the drainage capacity of the rivers. The major Inner Terai Valleys are listed from west to east. Click on the terrain and satellite imagery links to see vegetation, rivers, topography, roads and towns. Markers at valleys Jogbudha ( J ), Surkhet ( S ), Dang ( A ) and Deukhuri ( E ) terrain satellite The Surkhet Valley

1548-419: The rest of Nepal. Karnali Highway , recently constructed and being black topped, it will link Surkhet to the remote Western Karnali region. Surkhet Airport in Birendranagar has regular and scheduled flights to Kathmandu , Nepalgunj , Jumla and other districts. The Karnali districts are connected through regular domestic flights. Thousands of hotels, inns and lodges are available during a stay at Birendranagar,

1591-423: The retreat of the monsoon waters. In the hillier areas the dominant tree is sal ( Shorea robusta ), which can grow to a height of 45 m (148 ft). The belt also contains riverside tropical deciduous forest comprising Mallotus philippensis , jamun , cotton tree , Mallotus nudiflorus , and Garuga pinnata . The ecoregion is habitat for a huge number of mammalian and bird species. Notable are

1634-472: The right to collect revenues from cultivated land and forest products. They appointed tax collectors who were also responsible for reclamation of land and establishment of settlements. In the late 1920s, the Rana rulers ordered the clearing of forests and extraction of timber for export to India in order to collect revenues. Cleared areas were subsequently used for agriculture. Tharu people have been living in

1677-532: The risk of losing many rare plants. The valleys also mitigate the severity of floods on the Gangetic plains . During heavy rainfall forests absorb water. During floods, rivers overflow their banks and flood adjacent forests. Later the forests gradually release water back into the rivers. Deforestation reduces this buffering effect. It also accelerates soil erosion, causing downstream rivers to silt up and overflow their banks. The frequency and severity of flooding in

1720-949: The time of the 2011 Nepal census , Surkhet District had a population of 350,804. As their first language, 89.7% spoke Nepali , 7.1% Magar , 1.7% Tharu , 0.3% Gurung , 0.3% Raji , 0.2% Hindi , 0.2% Newar , 0.1% Belhare , 0.1% Bhojpuri , 0.1% Maithili , 0.1% Urdu and 0.1% other languages. Ethnicity/caste: 31.4% were Chhetri , 19.1% Magar , 18.5% Kami , 11.5% Hill Brahmin , 4.6% Damai /Dholi, 4.6% Thakuri , 2.4% Sarki , 1.8% Tharu , 1.7% Sanyasi/Dasnami , 1.3% Gurung , 0.5% Badi , 0.5% Musalman , 0.5% Newar , 0.3% Raji , 0.2% Gaine , 0.1% Bhote , 0.1% Chhantyal , 0.1% Kumal , 0.1% Majhi, 0.1% Tamang , 0.1% other Terai and 0.2% others. Religion: 91.9% were Hindu , 4.1% Buddhist , 3.4% Christian , 0.5% Muslim and 0.1% others. Literacy: 72.5% could read and write, 2.8% could only read and 24.7% could neither read nor write. Before its own identity as an independent district, it used to be in

1763-627: Was 2,214 mm (87.2 in) between 1995 and 2006. More than 80% of the total annual rainfall occurs during the monsoon season from June to September. Average temperatures ranged from 8.08 °C (46.54 °F) in January to 34.91 °C (94.84 °F) in June. In the past, the inner and outer Terai were a formidable barrier between Nepal and potential invaders from India because marshes and forests were infested by anopheline mosquitos that transmitted virulent strains of malaria , especially during

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1806-477: Was declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1984. It contains the largest and least disturbed natural Sal hill forest and associated communities. Its fauna comprises Bengal tiger , Indian leopard , great one-horned rhinos , wild Asian elephant , gaur , golden monitor lizard , gharial and marsh crocodile . The Kamala Valley, also called Udayapur Valley is in Udayapur district in southeastern Nepal. It

1849-686: Was the son of Kra challa whose son king Jitari challa adopted the "Malla" since then the "challa" Dynasty was known as Malla in the history of Nepal. King Ashok was the follower of the Mahayana Buddhism and the Kankrebihar is symbol of devotion to Buddha. His kingdom Extended up to Trisuli River in the East, Sutlej River-Garwal-Laddhakh in the West, khari region of Tibet in the North and the Terai in

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