81-465: The Kamay Botany Bay National Park is a heritage-listed protected national park that is located in the eastern part of Botany Bay in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . The 456-hectare (1,130-acre) national park is situated approximately 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) south-east of the Sydney central business district , on the northern and southern headlands of Botany Bay . The northern headland
162-1474: A foreign-language Misplaced Pages provides fuller coverage, a link is provided. [REDACTED] United Nations [REDACTED] Europe [REDACTED] Antarctica [REDACTED] Organization of Turkic States [REDACTED] Arab League [REDACTED] Caribbean Community [REDACTED] Afghanistan : Society for the Preservation of Afghan Cultural Heritage [REDACTED] Albania : List of Religious Cultural Monuments of Albania [REDACTED] Algeria : List of cultural assets of Algeria [REDACTED] Andorra : Bé d'interès cultural , as maintained by Patrimoni Cultural = Cultural Heritage of Andorra ; (in Catalan) Llista de monuments d'Andorra [REDACTED] Angola : Património Histórico-Cultural Nacional [REDACTED] Argentina : National Historic Monuments of Argentina ; (in French) Monument historique national (Argentine) [REDACTED] Armenia : State Heritage of National Register (Armenia) [REDACTED] Australia : Heritage registers in Australia [REDACTED] Austria : Denkmalgeschütztes Objekt , as maintained by
243-599: A buildup of sand from about 6,500 years ago. At about the same time a series of parallel dunes formed behind Bate Beach and Towra Point as the Georges River estuary shifted and sand and mud were dropped to the north of the Kurnell isthmus. The mud and sand deposit breached sea level and a dune formed on the deposit. This dune was vegetated with Kurnell dune forest, treed wetland, littoral rainforest, mangroves, sheoaks and saltmarsh. From 4,500 years ago swamps developed in
324-538: A burial ground for patients who died of infectious diseases at Prince Henry Hospital. There are 90 marked graves in the Coast Hospital Cemetery, but it is estimated that up to 3,000 people are buried there. The area was selected as an Aboriginal repatriation and reburial site because of its long-standing significance to the local Aboriginal people. The cemetery contains the burials of several family members. Aboriginal ancestral remains were reburied within
405-713: A historic house requires consulting the urban planning administration bureau, and the real estate administration bureau. As of 31 June 2011, there are 287 declared historic houses in Hangzhou, proclaimed as 5 batches. In the near future, it is going to issue the sixth batch which includes 51 historic houses. [REDACTED] Colombia : National monuments of Colombia ; (in Spanish) Monumentos Nacionales de Colombia [REDACTED] Comoros : National Committee of Intangible Cultural Heritage (Comoros) [REDACTED] Republic of
486-745: A library. Nowra has a growing tourist industry, especially in the summer months, when visitors (mostly from Sydney and Canberra) flock to the beaches to enjoy swimming, surfing, fishing, shopping, and relaxing in the restaurants and cafés. Nowra sits in the Shoalhaven region, where there are several vineyards. Nowra has three public high schools: Nowra High School , Shoalhaven High School and Bomaderry High School . There are also several non-government schools , three of which are religiously affiliated: The district also has an independent school of special assistance. The Shoalhaven River College commenced classes in 2019 and enrols 60 students in years 9-12 in
567-660: A new venue at the South Nowra Soccer Complex. The Shoalhaven Tigers represent the area in the New South Wales State Basketball League and have won several championships from 1988 until 2007. Archer was an Australian thoroughbred racehorse trained in the Nowra area who won the first and the second Melbourne Cups in 1861 and 1862. He won both Cups by a significant margin. Archer is one of only five horses to have won
648-509: A scientific oyster farming program at Quibray Bay, attempted to raise sheep on specially planted pastures of imported grass and dabbled in timber and even coal mining on the Kurnell Peninsula. This work was done with the assistance of many employees, including a number of Aboriginal people such as William Rowley, a Gweagal man, who was also an enterprising local fisherman born at Towra Point. Despite Holt's efforts at Kurnell, none of
729-534: A significant amount of state-owned forest land. It is also an increasingly popular retirement and leisure area for people from Canberra and Sydney. The naval air station HMAS Albatross is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south-west of Nowra. Prior to European arrival, the part of the Nowra region south of the Shoalhaven river was inhabited by the Wandi-Wandandian tribe of the Yuin nation, while
810-557: Is a place where botanist Sir Joseph Banks and naturalist Dr Daniel Solander collected plant specimens in 1770 as part of the first landing of the Endeavour in Australia. Banks and Solander collected many iconic Australian plant species, including some type specimens ; these have important scientific and research value. The national park is also the site where Captain James Cook first set foot on Australian soil in 1770, marking
891-569: Is an important burial, repatriation, and reburial site for the La Perouse and Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land councils and Dharawal Aboriginal people. In 1881, the first part of the Coast Hospital Cemetery was opened. This section was used until 1897, when a northern burial section was established and used until 1952. The cemetery was used as a burial ground for the La Perouse Aboriginal reserve, though it served predominantly as
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#1732801574282972-449: Is at La Perouse and the southern headland is at Kurnell . The visitor attraction, natural conservation and heritage conservation area at Cape Solander Drive is also known as Kamay Botany Bay National Park (North and South) and Towra Point Nature Reserve , La Perouse Monument , Tomb of Père (Fr.) Receveur , Macquarie Watchtower and Cable Station . The property is owned by NSW Office of Environment and Heritage and managed by
1053-472: Is located 160 kilometres (99 mi) south-southwest of the state capital of Sydney (about 120 kilometres (75 mi) as the crow flies ). As of the 2021 census, Nowra has an estimated population of 22,584. Situated in the southern reaches of the Sydney basin , Nowra is the seat and commercial centre of the City of Shoalhaven . The region around Nowra is a farming community with a thriving dairy industry and
1134-589: Is moderately high (averaging 1,026.1 mm (40.40 in)), and is spread across 86.7 precipitation days (over 1.0 mm (0.039 in)). Due to its position on the leeward side of the Great Dividing Range , Nowra experiences a foehn effect , particularly in late winter and spring. The town experiences 99.6 clear days and 127.4 cloudy days per annum. Extreme temperatures have ranged from 45.6 °C (114.1 °F) on 21 December 2019 to −0.9 °C (30.4 °F) on 24 August 2002. According to
1215-675: Is now listed on the Register of the National Estate . Nowra has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: Along the north of Nowra is the Shoalhaven River , which formerly hosted the Australian National wakeboarding championships and is a popular fishing location. The Nowra Bridge connects it to North Nowra and Bomaderry . The Shoalhaven River is a saltwater river , although it does not flow into
1296-412: Is of heritage registers , inventories of cultural properties , natural and human-made, tangible and intangible , movable and immovable, that are deemed to be of sufficient heritage value to be separately identified and recorded. In many instances the pages linked below have as their primary focus the registered assets rather than the registers themselves. Where a particular article or set of articles on
1377-828: Is played by two clubs from the Shoalhaven area, with the Bomaderry Tigers playing at Artie Smith Oval. Further south, the Bay and Basin Bombers play at the Leisure Centre at Vincentia. These two clubs are both members of the South Coast AFL , fielding junior and senior teams. The Shoalhaven Mariners were established in 2006 and represent the area in the sport of baseball. The team plays home matches out of Fred Finch Park in Berkeley , Wollongong . Baseball has
1458-547: Is used as the La Perouse Museum. Many Aboriginal people who had traditionally lived in the La Perouse area left after the establishment of European settlement, but by the 1870s Aboriginal people, including descendants from families associated with La Perouse and Botany Bay, along with Aboriginal people from the south coast, began to return to the area. When George Thornton , the government's Protector of Aborigines, started removing Aboriginal people from urban areas, he
1539-496: The Banksia , named for Joseph Banks. Much of the collection work was carried out near the landing place and in the area now known as Towra Point and its wetlands, as well as on the northern shore of Botany Bay. The extent and quality of the specimens collected led Cook to name the bay Botany Bay in acknowledgment of the important work undertaken by Banks and Solander. Besides being described and classified by Solander, every specimen
1620-1158: The Bundesdenkmalamt [REDACTED] Azerbaijan : State Register of Intangible Cultural Heritage Samples of Azerbaijan [REDACTED] Bahamas : Bahamas National Trust [REDACTED] Bahrain : Bahrain Authority for Culture and Antiquities [REDACTED] Bangladesh : Cultural Heritage of Bangladesh and National Heritage Foundation of Bangladesh [REDACTED] Barbados : Barbados National Trust [REDACTED] Belarus : Cultural Properties of Belarus [REDACTED] Belgium : National Heritage Site (Belgium) ; (in Dutch) Lijsten van cultureel erfgoed [REDACTED] Benin : (in French) Liste du patrimoine mondial au Bénin [REDACTED] Bolivia : Bolivian cultural heritage [REDACTED] Bosnia : List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina , as maintained by
1701-549: The Great Depression , La Perouse was the site of a shanty town known as Happy Valley , which was located within the boundaries of the Botany Bay National Park behind Congwong Beach. Those who arrived at Happy Valley simply selected a spot and erected their home from corrugated iron or whatever could be found. Reputedly there was much positive interaction between residents at Happy Valley and those on
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#17328015742821782-776: The KONS of Bosnia and Herzegovina; State level Local level (entities, district Brčko, cantonal, and regional) [REDACTED] Botswana : Sites and monuments in Botswana [REDACTED] Brazil : List of National Historic Heritage of Brazil , as maintained by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage ; (in Portuguese) Listas de patrimônio do Brasil [REDACTED] Bulgaria : National Institute of Immovable Cultural Heritage [REDACTED] Cambodia : Law on
1863-523: The Linnaean system of classification and soon took up a position classifying collections at the British Museum . He was employed by Banks in 1768 to assist him on Cook's voyage of exploration. Banks and Solander collected many plant and animal specimens at Botany Bay, including many which had not been collected or described previously and became the type specimens of species and genera, including
1944-787: The NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service , both agencies of the Government of New South Wales . Kamay Botany Bay was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 29 November 2013, and was added to the Australian National Heritage List on 10 September 2017. It is also included in a UNESCO World Heritage serial nomination 'The Rise of Systemic Biology'. The area is recognised for its outstanding cultural and historic heritage values to Australia. It
2025-682: The Shoalhaven District Memorial Hospital , which is a hub for oncology services, and Nowra Private Hospital. The four major codes of football in Australia are all popular in the Nowra area. Rugby league was traditionally represented by the Nowra Warriors and Bomaderry Swamp Rats , however, at the end of 2007 these teams merged to form the Shoalhaven Jets Rugby League Football Club. Other rugby league teams in
2106-488: The Triassic period , between 200 and 250 million years ago. On the Kurnell Peninsula, about 20,000 years ago at the height of the ice age, the Kurnell headland was a sandstone hill. The old dunes formed much of what is now Botany Bay and the Kurnell headland. Between 18,000 and 10,000 years ago, as the sea level rose, seagrass, salt marsh and mangroves developed and moved inland. The first evidence of Indigenous occupation of
2187-584: The 1820s Captain Cook's Landing Place was a popular destination for people with an interest in European history in Australia. Many people visited various places of interest, such as the plaque at Inscription Point, which had been installed by the Philosophical Society of Australasia in the early 1820s. In 1870 Thomas Holt erected Cook's Obelisk to mark the European arrival at Botany Bay. To cope with
2268-417: The 2021 census, Nowra has a population of 22,584. This covers suburbs only south of the Shoalhaven River . The population is slightly younger than the state and country as a whole, with an average age of 37 compared to 38 for both Australia and New South Wales. However, the population is bimodally distributed , with a larger percentage of children and the elderly than the state and national averages. 79.7% of
2349-463: The Aboriginal reserve. While life was hard at Happy Valley, some unemployed residents valued the site for its carefree existence and beach access. In 1939, after intense lobbying by the neighbouring golf club, Randwick Council moved all the residents to more suitable accommodation and demolished the shanty town. During the 1960s, a wave of new white residents arrived at La Perouse and lobbied for
2430-460: The British with spears, to which Cook ordered either one or two muskets fired. One shot found its mark and hit one of the warriors, who ran to find a shield and continued the defence of his country. As Cook and his party landed, one of the warriors threw a spear before they retreated and commenced to ignore the intruders for the entire time the British were anchored in the bay. This is consistent with
2511-746: The Congo : National Inventory of the Cultural Heritage of the Democratic Republic of the Congo [REDACTED] Denmark : National Register of Sites and Monuments, as maintained by the Danish Agency for Culture [REDACTED] Djibouti : List of monuments of Djibouti Nowra, New South Wales Nowra ( / n aʊər ə / ) is a city in the South Coast region of New South Wales , Australia. It
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2592-911: The Congo : Protection of Cultural Heritage in the Republic of the Congo [REDACTED] Costa Rica (in Spanish) Monumento Nacional de Costa Rica [REDACTED] Croatia : Register of Protected Natural Values of the Republic of Croatia [REDACTED] Cuba : Consejo Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural [REDACTED] Cyprus : Heritage Gazetteer of Cyprus [REDACTED] Czech : (in Czech) Seznam národních kulturních památek České republiky , (in German) Liste der Nationalen Kulturdenkmale Tschechiens , as featuring on MonumNet [REDACTED] Democratic Republic of
2673-815: The Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales [REDACTED] China : Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level (全国重点文物保护单位), designated by State Administration of Cultural Heritage Sites Protected at the City Level of Hangzhou are districts, artifacts or buildings legally declared to be "protected". According to the "Regularations of historic districts and historic buildings in Hangzhou" effectivated from 1 January 2005, historic buildings are those artifacts or districts that have lasted more than 50 years, and of significant values for history, science, and art study. In Hangzhou, declaring
2754-565: The Dharawal Resting Place (previously known as the Little Bay Cemetery Resting Place) in 2002 and 2005. Members of the La Perouse and Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land councils and other Dharawal descendants regularly visit the area, maintaining close connections to Country and ancestors. A small Anglican Aboriginal mission was established in the area in 1885 and a church built in 1894. In 1895
2835-606: The First Fleet established contact with the French in the absence of Governor Phillip. The French ships had sailed from Samoa , where they had been involved in a battle with the Samoans. Numerous people on both sides were killed and injured. One of those injured in the event was the expedition's priest and naturalist, Père Receveur . Receveur died at La Perouse on 17 February 1788 and was the first French person to be buried on
2916-420: The La Perouse customs house outstation. By 1869, in response to the perceived threat of armed attack by foreign forces, a program to bolster the colony's defences was in place and a military road was constructed to the La Perouse headland. By 1871 a gun battery was in place on Henry Head. In 1881 a large "mass concrete" fort was under construction on Bare Island ; it was operational by 1890. La Perouse headland
2997-589: The Melbourne Cup on two or more occasions, and one of only four horses to have won two successive Cups. Nowra Coaches operates services from Nowra to Bomaderry , Huskisson , Vincentia and Jervis Bay . Shoal Bus operates services from Nowra to Berry , Gerringong and Sussex Inlet . Premier Motor Service operates express services along the Princes Highway from Sydney to Eden that call at Nowra. Nowra has no direct rail connection, but
3078-570: The Pacific Ocean at Cape Solander and Tabbagi Gap. The earliest dwelling was built in 1919, and others were constructed during the Great Depression in the 1930s. These dwellings were constructed of tin and timber, and stoves and other home wares were installed to make the place comfortable. They continued to be used during the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s by recreational fishermen and local eccentrics. Heritage register This list
3159-530: The Protection of Cultural Heritage [REDACTED] Cameroon (in French) : Liste de monuments du Cameroun [REDACTED] Canada : The Canadian Register of Historic Places , while it confers no historic designation or protection itself, endeavours to list all federal, provincial, territorial and local sites. [REDACTED] Chile : National Monuments of Chile , as maintained by
3240-863: The Shoalhaven area include the St Georges Basin Dragons, Culburra Dolphins, Sussex Inlet Panthers and Berry Magpies, all of whom source some of their players from Nowra. All of these clubs compete in the Group 7 Rugby League competition. Rugby union is represented by the Shoalhaven Rugby Club, who play out of Rugby Park in South Nowra. The club won the 2008 premiership in the Illawarra district competition, and has produced international and provincial players such as Andrew Walker and Alex Kanaar . Australian rules football
3321-532: The Yuin people attributed their sightings of the Endeavour to "Gurung-gubba", the pelican of their Dreamtime stories. The Endeavour entered Botany Bay and lay anchor opposite the location of a small bark hut village on the southern shores of Kamay Botany Bay. Here James Cook and some of his crew prepared to land on the shores of Gweagal country. It is now understood that Cook's bold arrival and landing on Dharawal land
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3402-508: The area appears to be about 12,000 years ago. At this time the swales of the old dunes contained swamps. By 7,400 years ago the sea level stopped rising and the cliffs and rock platforms at Kurnell were eroded by wave action to form sheer cliffs. Between 9,000 and 6,000 years ago the Kurnell isthmus began to form as the mud and sand of the Georges River built up. The locations now known as Silver Beach and Bonna Point were subject to
3483-627: The area from about 3,000 to 2,000 years ago. People living to the south of Botany Bay to Nowra spoke the Dharawal language group. The people moving through and living in the Kurnell area were the northernmost clan of the Dharawal speakers, the Gweagal . On the northern headland the people were most likely Cadigal people of the Darug language group. The people living on the headlands and shores at
3564-521: The area's increasing visitation, Holt built the first wharf at Kurnell just adjacent to the obelisk, and a steam ferry began to operate some time around 1882. The reserve was the responsibility of the Department of Lands up until 1967 and was managed by a trust right up until 1974. The trust employed a caretaker and field staff to maintain the reserve. It also spent considerable time and money on siting and erecting monuments to Cook and his crew. In 1918
3645-523: The beginning of Britain's interest in Australia. Botany Bay lies within a small tectonic depression known as the Botany Basin which in turn is situated within the larger Sydney Basin comprising modified sedimentary deposits laid down about 270 million years ago during the Permian period . The northern and southern headlands feature cliffs of Hawkesbury sandstone cliffs, which was formed during
3726-504: The camp at Frenchmans Bay, La Perouse was gazetted as an Aboriginal reserve. The people who lived there worked as fishermen, in the Chinese Gardens, or at the timber mills and wool washes in the area, or they made boomerang and other artefacts for sale to tourists, who flocked to the area after the construction of the tramway to La Perouse at the turn of the century. Many women and children crafted shell decorations for sale. During
3807-462: The colony. While anchored in Botany Bay a number of officers established seemingly friendly contact with the Aboriginal people, exchanging whistling tunes, confirming humanity and gender and exchanging gifts. On the southern shores they introduced a child travelling with the fleet to the Aboriginal people there. Phillip was disappointed at the lack of water on the shores of the bay and dismayed by
3888-425: The current Alpha House near Captain Cooks Landing Place in the Kamay Botany Bay National Park. In 1821, another grant was made of 1,000 acres at the nearby Quibray Bay to John Connell, a free settler who arrived in NSW in 1801 and set up a large ironmongery in Sydney. When in 1828 Birnie was declared insane, Connell bought Alpha Farm, and by 1838 he owned almost the entire Kurnell Peninsula. His grandson John inherited
3969-448: The customary right of country owners to demand to meet visitors on their own terms. During the following eight days the passengers and crew of the Endeavour explored the shores and hinterland areas around Botany Bay. The main purpose of visiting Botany Bay was to obtain fresh water for the next leg of the journey. On the second day of their stay, Cook and his men found a stream located near the bark hut village, from which they replenished
4050-402: The enterprises were very successful, and by 1881 he began subdividing the estate. Even this exercise was not successful, and unsold lots within the current national park were set aside as a public reserve in the 1899, along with an area similarly reserved at an earlier date. The reserve, totalling 100 hectares at the time, was managed by a trust under the auspices of the Department of Lands. From
4131-507: The entrance to Botany Bay benefited from the many food and other resources and the mild climate of the area. On both shorelines are many midden sites providing evidence of the rich variety of sea foods enjoyed by the Indigenous people, as well as reptiles and mammals which also lived in the heath and forests. Fishing was the major source of food for the Indigenous people of the area. Fish hooks were made from turban shells, and fishing lines and nets were made from bark and native grasses. Timber from
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#17328015742824212-401: The estate on John senior's death in 1851. He cleared the land heavily and sold the timber to the Sydney market. Facing financial ruin in 1860, John Connell Jr mortgaged his landholdings at Kurnell to Thomas Holt , who took ownership in 1861. Holt, a successful wool merchant and member of the Legislative Council , was a prominent and influential figure in the New South Wales. Holt established
4293-427: The everyday observations and preoccupations of the Indigenous people before European contact. In the days preceding 29 April 1770 Dharawal people of the southern coastal area between Nowra and Kurnell observed a large "white bird" (oral tradition of the local people) or "floating island" which was Lieutenant James Cook's Endeavour , as it passed along the coast towards the headlands of Kamay ( Botany Bay). Further south
4374-434: The first European scientific endeavours in Australia. Dagelet undertook calculations on map positions of Botany Bay and carried out astronomical observations which he later shared with Englishman William Dawes. The departure of Phillip and then Lapérouse from Botany Bay marked a period of time where, at least on the southern shores of the bay, Aboriginal people did not come into much contact with Europeans. The Kurnell headland
4455-445: The forests at Kurnell and La Perouse provided bark for huts, canoes, and coolamons , and lomandra leaves were woven together to make bags. Many of the local plants were edible, such as the roots of the common fern and warrigal , a spinach-like leafy plant that grew along the local fresh water streams on both northern and southern headlands. Other foods included the nectar from Banksia flowers and witchetty grubs which lived in
4536-434: The large numbers of Aboriginal people inhabiting the place. By 26 January 1788, Phillip had left Botany Bay and sailed for Port Jackson , where the first settlement in Australia was made. At the same time, Botany Bay was visited by the French expedition under the command of Jean-Francois Galaup de Lapérouse , whose frigates La Boussole and Astrolabe anchored near Frenchman's Beach on 24 January 1788. Captain Hunter of
4617-502: The low parts of the dunes and a series of moving dunes formed as a result of violent weather events. These new dunes covered the peninsula and the tidal flats of Botany Bay. Here again, swamps formed in these new dunes, allowing soils and dune forest to develop. As these dunes eroded, sandstone was exposed and eventually sandstone heath colonised that area. Between 3,000 and 2,000 years ago the sea level dropped to current levels. Most archaeological evidence relates to Indigenous occupation in
4698-402: The mainland. He was interred in a headland grave marked with a common headstone. In 1829, a tomb was erected over the site of his grave. The French spent six weeks at La Perouse, during which time they repaired damage done during the Samoan battle. An observatory was established on the northern headland for the use of Joseph Lepaute Dagelet, whose observations and scientific experiments are among
4779-426: The mainstream curriculum. There are seven public primary schools in the Nowra area: East Nowra Public School, Nowra Public School, Bomaderry Public School, Illaroo Road Public School, North Nowra Public School, Nowra Hill Public School, and Terara Public School. The University of Wollongong has a campus in Nowra, and there is a campus of TAFE NSW Illawarra Institute in Bomaderry. There are two hospitals in Nowra:
4860-431: The most significant being the spread of disease such as smallpox. There are caves at Little Bay just north of the northern section of the Botany Bay National Park and also a cave on Cape Solander in the southern section of the park in which it is believed that skeletal remains from these outbreaks were found, though this has not been confirmed. By 1830, the land which is now the northern section of Botany Bay National Park
4941-440: The park. These remains, taken from the Botany Bay region, were stored in various museum collections until repatriation. For Aboriginal people, the return of ancestors' remains to Country is highly significant because it then reunites ancestors with Country. Similarly, the La Perouse section of the park contains evidence of everyday lives of Aboriginal people before European settlement, including middens and engravings that illustrate
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#17328015742825022-439: The people of Australia in 1993 along with an adjoining property that had been previously owned by Boyd's brother-in-law, the equally famous Australian artist Sidney Nolan . Bundanon began as a single-storey weatherboard structure built around 1840. In 1866, a two-storey sandstone house, made of locally quarried stone, was built immediately in front of the original weatherboard house. The sandstone house features timber verandas and
5103-572: The population were born in Australia and 82.1% speak only English at home, both above the state and national averages. Nowra has a lower level of tertiary education than typical for the state and nation. Only 15% of the population of Nowra hold a tertiary qualification, compared to 23.3% of Australia and 23.8% of New South Wales. The top five reported ancestries in Nowra at the 2021 census were Australian (40.9%), English (37.7%), Australian Aboriginal (10%), Irish (9.5%), and Scottish (8.3%). Most (63%) people had both parents born in Australia, higher than
5184-403: The region north of Shoalhaven was inhabited by the Dharawal people. The name Nowra, originally written by Europeans as 'nou-woo-ro' (pronounced Nowa Nowa by the Indigenous Australians of the area), is an Aboriginal word for the black cockatoo . Circa 1824, ex-convict Mary Reibey applied for a land grant in the Burrier area, on the southern side of the Shoalhaven River . The Nowra township
5265-406: The removal of the reserve at Yarra Bay. The Aboriginal community has resisted these efforts and the La Perouse community remains one of the strongest and most established Aboriginal communities in Sydney. In 1815, Governor Macquarie made a grant of 700 acres of land to James Birnie at Kurnell. Here Birnie established a farm, raising vegetables and stock and constructing a homestead on the site of
5346-770: The sea. The Shoalhaven River meets the sea through the canal that joins the Shoalhaven and Crookhaven Rivers, which was dug by convicts under the direction of local entrepreneur and pioneer Alexander Berry . Nowra possesses a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen: Cfa), with very warm, wet summers and mild, relatively dry winters. Compared with nearby Wollongong and Kiama which have an oceanic climate , Nowra has slightly warmer summers due to its inland location, thus qualifying it as humid subtropical climate . Average maxima vary from 27.6 °C (81.7 °F) in January to 16.8 °C (62.2 °F) in July, while average minima fluctuate between 16.8 °C (62.2 °F) in January and 6.8 °C (44.2 °F) in July. Annual precipitation
5427-464: The ships water supplies. The stream still flows today. The location of the Endeavour's landfall and Cook's claim of the east coast of the continent for Britain is now commonly known as Captain Cook's Landing Place. One of the most significant activities undertaken that week was the botanical collecting by Sir Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander, noted pupil of Carolus Linnaeus . On completing his studies in Sweden, Solander travelled to England to promote
5508-466: The state and national averages. The population of the suburb of Nowra (central Nowra) at the 2021 census was 9,956. The Australian Bureau of statistics also recognises a larger built-up area including suburbs north of the Shoalhaven, North Nowra-Bomaderry, which had a population of 16,098 at the 2021 census. Nowra Town Hall was built in 1948 and is in the Central Business District. This district contains many services, including banks, health services and
5589-458: The stems of banksia and wattle. Because of its bountiful resources, the north and south headlands of Botany Bay were important ceremonial gathering places for the Dharawal on the south of Botany Bay and the Darug on the northern shores. At Kurnell there are several important ceremonial sites, including a bora ring used for rites and an ochre pit located near the current site of the oil refinery which provided pigment for such ceremonies. Kurnell
5670-649: The trust erected the Solander Obelisk and in 1947 the Banks Memorial. A cottage was erected on the site of the first Alpha Farm House, providing accommodation for visitors as well as for the reserve caretaker, whose wife operated a kiosk from the kitchen. In the years after the Second World War, under the management of the trust, the area became a hugely popular holiday destination for campers. Families who faithfully returned to camp there each year set up semi-permanent camps in small timber cabins and tents painted with calcimine for weatherproofing, with stoves and camp beds. Most of their food they brought with them, but fresh milk
5751-404: Was a remote spot and was not subject to a land grant until 1815. On the northern shores of the bay, the La Perouse peninsula remained relatively unsettled until the 1860s and 1880s, when a pioneering fishing community worked the waters at Botany Bay and lived in La Perouse. While their land was not immediately settled by Europeans, white colonisation had a profound impact on the people of the area,
5832-402: Was a severe breach of Indigenous etiquette and an affront to the traditional owners of the land at Kurnell. In traditional Aboriginal culture it is customary for visitors to wait to be invited to approach the custodians of that area, so when Cook and his men landed, the local people attempted to discourage the strangers from entering the land: two warriors painted in ceremonial ochre threatened
5913-609: Was an outbreak of smallpox in the colony. To deal with the epidemic, an isolation hospital was established at Little Bay; it became known as the Coast Hospital and then in 1934 became Prince Henry Hospital. Associated with the Coast Hospital is the Coast Cemetery, which is located south of the hospital and now is enclosed by Kamay Botany Bay National Park. The Coast Hospital Cemetery is an Aboriginal Place and
5994-468: Was dedicated as a Government reserve. From about 1820, a small contingent of Government troops were stationed at La Perouse headland to scout for the unexpected arrival of ships and to monitor and control smuggling activity. By 1822, these troops were housed in Macquarie's Tower, a sandstone castellated watchtower. From 1829, when the monuments to Lapérouse and Pere Receveur were erected, the watchtower
6075-408: Was officially recognised in 1852. Less than ten years later, in 1861, a postal service was established. In 1861, the racehorse Archer , which was trained in Nowra by Etienne de Mestre , won the first Melbourne Cup . Nowra was declared a town in 1885 and a city in 1979. A major landmark in the area is the house Bundanon , which renowned Australian artist Arthur Boyd and his wife Yvonne donated to
6156-456: Was possibly a semi-permanent home for the Gweagal. A marker tree distinguished by a ring-shaped hole in its trunk marks the site of a women's camp. The area also contains carved trees from which the bark for canoes and coolamons were taken and a women's birthing site, indicating the intensive use of the area by the pre-contact Gweagal community. Aboriginal ancestral remains have been reburied in
6237-475: Was sketched by Sydney Parkinson . These sketches were rendered as watercolours when Banks and Solander returned to England and then engraved and later included in the publication Banks' Florilegium . On 18 January 1788, eighteen years after the first visit by the British, Governor Arthur Phillip arrived at Botany Bay with the First Fleet , where they intended to establish the first British settlement in
6318-425: Was sourced daily from the caretaker's wife, who managed a herd of cows which roamed the reserve. Holiday camping at the park continued until around 1977, when the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service discontinued this use and disposed of the semi-permanent dwellings. Like La Perouse, the Kurnell section of Botany Bay National Park had a shanty town. This was established in the cliff overhangs and caves overlooking
6399-456: Was successfully lobbied by a group from La Perouse, who were allowed to remain at the La Perouse camp. Thornton even constructed huts for them at the camp, justifying the decision to parliament by arguing that the camp was economically viable. By 1881 there were two camps with 35 Aboriginal people recorded to be living at La Perouse and a further 15 in Botany Bay within the boundaries of what is today Kamay Botany Bay National Park. In 1881, there
6480-472: Was the site where the overseas underwater telegraphic cable emerged in 1876. The first makeshift facility of tents and huts was replaced in 1881 by a brick cable station sited centrally on the west of the headland overlooking Frenchman's Beach. After 1917, when it was no longer used as offices for the telegraph company, it became a nurses' home and later a home run by the Salvation Army. Most recently it
6561-580: Was used as accommodation for a caretaker employed to look after the Lapérouse Monument and the tomb of Père Receveur. These monuments are still frequently visited by the French and are the site of events such as a memorial ceremony on Bastille Day each year, a mass to Père Receveur and Lapérouse Day. In 1831, the watchtower was acquired by the Customs Department to house a tide waiter, or customs officer, and two boatmen who manned
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