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48-708: After the downfall of the Vijayanagara Empire, through the period of British rule, Karnataka was divided into six parts, namely Bombay Karnataka, Hyderabad Karnataka, Madras Karnataka, Coorg, Mysore and smaller princely states like Mudhol, Jamkhandi, Savanur etc. The result was that the Kannada culture and language in these areas were eclipsed by other cultures. For example, in the four districts of Dharwad, Belgaum, North Kanara and Bijapur districts that comprised Bombay Karnataka, Kannada culture and language had suffered severe setbacks due to prolonged Maratha rule. When

96-571: A Kannada language newspaper, he is also the most popular figure in the southern Indian state of Karnataka . Visvesvaraya worked as a civil engineer for the government of British India and later as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Mysore . For his services to British India, he was appointed CIE and later knighted KCIE. For his services to the Kingdom of Mysore and the Republic of India, he

144-654: A building for the Sangha which was appropriately named as Chamaraja Mandira . The Sangha organized the first conference of Kannada writers in Dharwad in 1905. This was the precursor of the present-day Kannada Sahitya Sammelan (annual literary conference). In 1912, when Sir Mokshagundam Vishweshwaraiah became the Diwan of Mysore, Mr. R. H. Deshpande who knew him intimately, wrote him a letter congratulating him on his appointment and further requested him to foster more attention on

192-622: A committee appointed by the conference to draft the constitution of the Kannada Sahitya Parishat. Thus came into being yet another organization working for the welfare of the Kannada country as a whole. Strengthened by these developments, the Karnatak Vidhyavardhak Sangha at its meeting on 7 October 1917 passed a resolution urging the Government of India to bring under one administrative unit all

240-578: A cross; the Order of the Indian Empire does not, in deference to India's non-Christian tradition. Members of all classes of the order were assigned positions in the order of precedence. Wives of members of all classes also featured on the order of precedence, as did sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of knights grand commander and knights commander. (See order of precedence in England and Wales for

288-541: A depiction of the circlet (a circle bearing the motto) and the collar; the former is shown either outside or on top of the latter. Knights commander and companions were permitted to display the circlet, but not the collar, surrounding their arms. The badge is depicted suspended from the collar or circlet. The first two kings of Bhutan were presented with the KCIE: Other appointees include: Sir Kumarapuram Seshadri Iyer (1 June 1845 – 13 September 1901), who served as

336-478: A foreign tour to study industrialised nations. Then, for a short period, he worked for Nizam Osman Ali Khan . He was one of the chief engineers of the flood protection system for the city of Hyderabad who suggested flood relief measures for the city, which was under constant threat by the Musi river . He achieved celebrity status when he designed a flood protection system for the city. He was instrumental in developing

384-457: A further proclamation regarding the Order was made; the Order was expanded from two classes to three – Knight Grand Commander, Knight Commander and Companion. Seven knights grand commander were created, namely: Also from 1897, 3 honorary knights commander were made. Including Léon Émile Clément-Thomas (1897), Col. Sir Eduardo Augusto Rodriques Galhardo (Jan 1901) and Sir Hussien Kuli Khan, Mokhber-ed-Dowlet (June 1902). Emperor Gojong of Korea

432-658: A member of the Deccan Club and was its first secretary; he was well-acquainted with the progressives in Pune , including Sir R. G. Bhandarkar , Gopal Krishna Gokhale , and Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade , who were instrumental in starting the club and were its members. Visvesvaraya began his career by working for the Government of British India , working in Bombay Presidency and other British-held colonies in

480-848: A statue in Visvesvaraya's honour. Two metro stations in India, one in Bangalore on the Purple Line ( Sir M. Visveshwaraya Station, Central College ), and another one in Delhi on the Pink Line ( Sir Vishweshwaraiah Moti Bagh ), are named after him. The railway terminal in Baiyyapanahalli at Bangalore is named Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminal after him. On 15 September 2018, to celebrate his 157th birth anniversary, Sir Visvesvaraya

528-548: A sufficient number of persons who could teach Kannada effectively. He induced officers in other departments of the Bombay Government who were Kannadigas and who knew Kannada sufficiently to join the Education Department. Among them were Deputy Chennabasappa, Gangadhara Madivaleshwara Turumari, Srinivas Rodda, Bhujangarao Huilgol, Venkatarangu Katti and others. When Mr. R. H. Deshpande who was studying in

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576-741: A system to protect Visakhapatnam port from sea erosion. This dam created the biggest reservoir in Asia at the time of its construction. In November 1909, at the invitation of Dewan V.P. Madhava Rao , Visvesvaraya joined as a chief engineer of Mysore State . He was the Chief Engineer of the KRS Dam at Mysore . He was also later the chairman of the board of engineers for the Tungabhadra Dam in Hospet , Karnataka . In 1912, Visvesvaraya

624-595: The British Indian Empire ; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India . The British founded the Order in 1878 to reward British and native officials who served in British India. The Order originally had only one class (Companion), but expanded to comprise two classes in 1887. The British authorities intended the Order of the Indian Empire as a less exclusive version of the Order of

672-519: The Deccan Plateau and designed and patented a system of automatic weir water floodgates that were first installed in 1903 at Khadakvasla Dam near Pune . These gates raised the storage level in the reservoir to the highest level likely to be attained without causing any damage to the dam. Based on the success of these gates, the same system was installed at Tigra Dam in Gwalior and later at

720-465: The Delhi Durbar , the limits were increased to 40 knights grand commander, 120 knights commander, and 40 nominations of companions in any successive year. British officials and soldiers were eligible for appointment, as were rulers of Indian Princely States . Generally, the rulers of the more important states were appointed knights grand commander of the Order of the Star of India, rather than of

768-684: The Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore , and several honorary degrees including D.Sc. , LL.D. , D.Litt. from eight universities in India. He was the president of the 1923 session of the Indian Science Congress . Visvesvaraya received recognition in many fields, most notably education and engineering. Visvesvaraya Technological University in Belagavi (to which most engineering colleges in Karnataka are affiliated)

816-599: The KRS Dam at Mysore , Karnataka. He later became the chief engineer of the Laxmi Talav Dam near Kolhapur . In around 1906/1907, the Government of British India sent Visvesvaraya to the British Colony of Aden (present-day Yemen ), to study water supply and drainage systems. The project prepared by him was successfully implemented in Aden. After opting for voluntary retirement in 1908, Visvesvaraya took

864-662: The Middle East . He later worked for Hyderabad State . After retirement, he began his administrative and statesmanship career and continued his engineering career in the Kingdom of Mysore. Visvesvaraya became an assistant engineer in 1885 at the Public Works Department, Bombay , in Bombay Presidency . In 1899, Visvesvaraya was invited to join the Indian Irrigation Commission where he implemented an intricate system of irrigation in

912-539: The All India Radio station at Dharwad in 1950, etc. The Sangha's Golden Jubilee was celebrated in 1940. As a prelude to the celebrations, the Sangha organized a function at which the portrait of the founder of the Sangha, Mr. R.H.Deshpande was unveiled by Prof B. M. Srikantaiah , popularly known as Kannadada Kanva on 14 April 1940. In recent years, the Sangha has enlarged its scope of activities and for this purpose has set up committees to conduct activities in

960-626: The Bombay Government, also felt that the since the language of the people was Kannada, there should be Kannada schools in these four districts. A determined effort to establish Kannada schools was made by Mr. W. A. Russell, who after serving as Professor in the Deccan College at Pune, was appointed as Educational Inspector of the Southern Division of the Bombay Province. To Russell's amazement, he found that there were not

1008-540: The British introduced their system of education in this area, they were under the impression that these districts were part of Maharashtra and started Marathi schools there. Mr. Walter Elliott, Deputy Collector of Dharwad, soon found that the language of the people was Kannada, but Marathi was imposed upon them. Out of sympathy for the Kannada people and his knowledge of Kannada, Elliot started Kannada schools in Dharwad around 1830. Balashastri Jambhekar, an education officer of

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1056-594: The British policy of encouraging education in the vernacular language and decided to establish a Sangha for the protection of Kannada and the Unification of the Karnataka areas. Thus the Karnataka Vidyavardhaka Sangha came into being on 20 July 1890. The first charter of the new body was to publish books in Kannada. Kannada could live and thrive only through books and journals so the Sangha brought out its first publication two years after it

1104-641: The Deccan college passed his M.A. examination with a gold medal in 1884, Russell persuaded him to join the Education department and assured him that he would, with his stellar academic career, soon replace him as the Inspector of the Southern Division. True to his word, Russell promoted Mr. Deshpande as deputy inspector of Karwar within a few months of his joining Sardar High School in Belgaum. However, Mr. Russell

1152-621: The Kannada towns, talukas and districts then under the British rule and name the unit as the Karnataka province. This demand was reiterated in 1923 and on 25 February 1935 telegrams were sent to the Viceroy to bring under one administration all Kannada speaking areas. The Sangha was responsible to a certain extent in the founding of the Karnataka Research Institute in 1937. the Karnataka University in 1949,

1200-620: The Krishna Raja Sagar Dam, which Visvesvaraya designed and supervised the construction of, are exhibited. The memorial is adjacent to his house, which was refurbished and is regarded as a shrine by locals. Order of the Indian Empire The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes: Appointments terminated after 1947,

1248-471: The Order of the Indian Empire. Women, save the princely rulers, were ineligible for appointment to the order. Female princely rulers were admitted as "knights" rather than as "dames" or "ladies". Other Asian and Middle Eastern rulers were also appointed as well. Members of the order wore elaborate costumes on important ceremonial occasions: At less important occasions, simpler insignia were used: The insignia of most other British chivalric orders incorporate

1296-411: The Star of India (founded in 1861); consequently, many more appointments were made to the former than to the latter. On 15 February 1887, the Order of the Indian Empire formally became "The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire" and was divided into two classes: knights commander and companions, with the following as knights commander, listed up to 1906 (in date order) However, on 21 June 1887,

1344-724: The areas of Education, publications, Literary, Art and Culture, Women's Issues, Science and Technology, Social Welfare, Children's Issues, Folklore, etc. The Sangha is housed in a historic building across from the Municipal Corporation in the heart of Dharwad town. On 24 October 2016, for the first time in its 126-year history, the Sangha has decided to provide reservation in the executive committee for Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe and women. Mokshagundam Vishweshwaraiah Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya KCIE , FASc (Moːkśguṇam Viśveśvarayya; 15 September 1861 – 12/14 April 1962), also referred to by his initials, MV ,

1392-534: The class of Knight Grand Commander (25 at any given time) was added; the composition of the other two classes remained the same. The statute also provided that it was "competent for Her Majesty, Her heirs and successors, at Her or their pleasure, to appoint any Princes of the Blood Royal, being descendants of His late Majesty King George the First, as Extra Knights Grand Commander". By Letters Patent of 2 Aug 1886,

1440-636: The development of the Kannada language and culture. As a result, Mysore convened the first conference of Kannada writers from all parts of the country in Bangalore in 1915. The conference decided among other things to establish the Kannada Sahitya Parishat on the lines of the Karnataka Vidyavardhak Sangha. Mr. Deshpande and Justice R.A. Jagirdar (later the first Vice Chancellor of Karnataka University), served on

1488-543: The exact positions.) Knights grand commander used the post-nominal "GCIE", knights commander "KCIE", and companions "CIE." Knights grand commander and knights commander were entitled to the prefix "Sir". Wives of knights grand commander and knights commander could prefix "Lady" to their surnames. Such forms were not used by peers and Indian princes, except when the names of the former were written out in their fullest forms. Knights grand commander were also entitled to receive heraldic supporters, and could encircle their arms with

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1536-406: The first class were titled "Knight Grand Commander" rather than "Knight Grand Cross" so as not to offend the non-Christian Indians appointed to the order. At the time of foundation in 1878 the order had only one class, that of Companion, with no quota imposed. In 1886, the Order was divided into the two classes of knights commander (50 at any given time) and companions (no quota). The following year

1584-412: The improvement of Kannada. He wanted seminars for Kannada supporters to be instituted and conducted right in Kannada. Visvesvaraya National Memorial Trust manages a memorial for Visvesvaraya at his birthplace of Muddenahalli. The memorial exhibits his awards, titles and personal belongings, including his living room, spectacles, cups, books and block with which his visiting cards were printed. Models of

1632-603: The kingdom years prior to Visvesvaraya's birth. Visvesvaraya received his primary education in Bangalore and earned a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree from the University of Madras . He later studied at the College of Engineering, Pune (then College of Science at the University of Bombay ) and graduated as an engineer, receiving Diploma in Civil Engineering (DCE). It was here that he helped found and become

1680-447: The number of knights commander was increased to 82, while commanders were limited to 20 nominations per year (40 for 1903 only). Membership was expanded by letters patent of 10 June 1897, which permitted up to 32 knights grand commander. A special statute of 21 October 1902 permitted up to 92 knights commander, but continued to limit the number of nominations of commanders to 20 in any successive year. On 21 December 1911, in connection with

1728-525: The order. The fictional characters Purun Dass, invented by Rudyard Kipling , and Harry Paget Flashman , invented by George MacDonald Fraser , were KCIEs; Kipling's engineer Findlayson in The Day's Work (1908) aspires to the CIE. The British sovereign serves as Sovereign of the Order. The grand master held the next-most senior rank; the position was held, ex officio , by the viceroy of India . Members of

1776-580: The year that British India became the independent Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan . With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra , the order became dormant in 2010. The motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis , ( Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India . The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with

1824-520: Was Dewan of Mysore, Visvesvaraya was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) by King George V for his contributions to the public good. After India attained independence , Visvesvaraya received the Bharat Ratna , India's highest civilian honour, in 1955. He received an honorary membership from the Institution of Civil Engineers, London , a fellowship from

1872-514: Was also established during his tenure as Dewan. He was also instrumental in the founding of Government Engineering College (now University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering) at Bangalore in 1917, one of the first engineering institutes in India. He commissioned several new railway lines in Mysore Railways (now part of Southwestern Indian Railways ). Visvesvaraya encouraged private investment in industry during his tenure as Dewan. He

1920-404: Was an Indian civil engineer , administrator, and statesman, who served as the 19th Dewan of Mysore from 1912 to 1918. Visvesvaraya is regarded in India as one of the foremost civil engineers whose birthday, 15 September, is celebrated every year as Engineer's Day in India, Sri Lanka , and Tanzania . He is also often regarded as "the maker of modern Mysore ". According to Prajavani ,

1968-892: Was appointed Dewan of Mysore by Maharaja Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV . He served for nearly seven years until 1918. With support from the maharaja, Visvesvaraya contributed to the general development of the Kingdom of Mysore. During his premiership as Dewan, Visvesvaraya was responsible for the founding of factories and institutions funded for by the maharaja, including Mysore Soap Factory , Parasitoid Laboratory, Mysore Iron & Steel Works in Bhadravathi , Bangalore Polytechnic (now Sri Jayachamarajendra Polytechnic Bangalore), Bangalore Agricultural University, State Bank of Mysore , Century Club, Mysore Chamber of Commerce (now Federation of Karnataka Chambers of Commerce & Industry), Mysore Apex Chamber of Commerce (now Apex Chamber of Karnataka), and numerous other industrial places. The Bangalore Press

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2016-481: Was awarded the Bharata Ratna by Government of India in 1955. M. Visvesvaraya was born on 15 September 1861 at Muddenahalli , Kingdom of Mysore (in present-day Chikkaballapura district , Karnataka) into a Telugu speaking family of Mokshagundam Srinivasa Shastry and Venkatalakshmi. His ancestors hail from Mokshagundam, a village in present-day Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh , and had migrated to

2064-474: Was established and then came the first Kannada literary and cultural journal Vagabhushana . Since Kannada was the mother tongue of the rulers of Mysore, Mr. Deshpande enlisted the support of the Maharaja of Mysore, Shri Chamaraja Wodeyar for the Sangha. The Government of Mysore used to send its scholars to conduct Kannada exams which the Sangha used to hold periodically. It also gave money for the construction of

2112-412: Was honored with a Google Doodle . Visvesvaraya died on 12/14 April 1962, aged 100. Visvesvaraya was known for his sincerity, time management and dedication to his cause. Visvesvaraya was a strict lacto-vegetarian who never ate meat or eggs. He was also a non-smoker and a teetotaller. A very important part of Visvesvaraya's nature was his love for Kannada language. He set up Kannada Parishat for

2160-590: Was instrumental in charting out a plan for road construction between Tirumala and Tirupati . Visvesvaraya gave his technical advice for the location of Mokama Bridge over the Ganga in Bihar . At the time, he was over 90 years old. Visvesvaraya was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in 1911 by King Edward VII , when he was the Chief Engineer to the Government of Mysore. In 1915, while he

2208-573: Was made an honorary Knight Grand Commander on 17 December 1900. Appointments to both the Order of the Star of India and the Order of the Indian Empire ceased after 14 August 1947. As the last Grand Master of the orders, the Earl Mountbatten of Burma was also the last known individual to have publicly worn the stars of a Knight Grand Commander of both orders, during the Queen's Silver Jubilee celebrations in 1977. There are no living members of

2256-411: Was named in his honour, as well as prominent colleges like University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering , Bangalore; Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology , Bangalore; and Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology , Nagpur ; Visvesvaraya Hostel, IIT (BHU) Varanasi ; Visvesvaraya Industrial and Technological Museum , Bangalore. The College of Engineering, Pune , his alma mater , erected

2304-492: Was subsequently shifted from his post and in his place a Marathi officer was posted. For the next 25 years, three Marathi officers ruled over the Bombay Karnataka area and introduced Marathi in the Kannada schools. Mr. Deshpande naturally resented this and decided to revolt against this foisting of Marathi on Kannada children, but as a Government servant, there were restrictions on what he could do. He took shelter under

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