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29-591: Several bronze and iron tools used as axes have been discovered in the province, along with a bronze ring attached to a skeleton. This is in addition to a copper axe found from 4,600 to 4,800 (2600 BC to 2800 BC), the oldest in Southeast Asia. During the Dvaravati period, Khon Kaen was influenced by the culture of the central region. The oldest inscription found in Khon Kaen dates back to the 8th century and

58-481: A Bhagadatta and ended by a Sundaravarman and his sons Narapatisimhavarman and Mangalavarman. But at that time, the 12th century, Dvaravati began to come under constant attacks and aggressions of the Khmer Empire and central Southeast Asia was ultimately invaded by King Suryavarman II in the first half of the 12th century. Hariphunchai survived its southern progenitors until the late 13th century, when it

87-608: A bronze chandelier, earrings , bells and cymbals . Khon Kaen Railway Station Khon Kaen railway station is a railway station located in Nai Mueang Subdistrict, Khon Kaen City , Khon Kaen . It is a class 1 railway station located 449.752 km (279.5 mi) from Bangkok railway station . The station opened on April 1, 1933, as part of the Northeastern Line Nakhon Ratchasima –Khon Kaen section. On June 24, 1941,

116-553: A 60 kilometre dual-track line will connect Khon Kaen to Nakhon Ratchasima province . It is the first segment of a dual track network that will connect Isan with the Laem Chabang seaport. The city is bisected by Mittraphap Road , also known as "Friendship Highway", or Asian Highway 2 (AH2), the road linking Bangkok to the Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge . A multi-lane bypass enables through-traffic to avoid

145-585: A bronze gun acquired by the Burmese in 1767, when Ayuthia, Siam's capital at the time, fell to an invading Burmese force, the Burmese still referred to Ayutthaya as Dvaravati. Several genetic studies published in the 2020s also founded the relations between the Mon people and Siamese people (Central Thai people) who were the descendants of the Ayutthaya. The culture of Dvaravati was based around moated cities,

174-667: A city in the province of Khon Kaen after 1797 that includes the city of Mancha Khiri district. Khon Kaen was incorporated as a city in 1797. Khon Kaen occupies part of the Khorat Plateau . The Chi and Phong Rivers flow through the province. The total forest area is 1,222 km (472 sq mi) or 11.5 percent of provincial area. There are four national parks, three of which along with three other national parks make up region 8 (Khon Kaen) , and Phu Kao–Phu Phan Kham in region 10 (Udon Thani) of Thailand's protected areas. The mayor of Khon Kaen in 2005 chose Sinxay to be

203-426: A composite index covering all eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017. 16°26′41″N 102°50′1″E  /  16.44472°N 102.83361°E  / 16.44472; 102.83361 Dvaravati Dvaravati ( Thai : ทวารวดี ) was a medieval Mon political principality from the 6th century to the 11th century, located in

232-554: A son of Prathivindravarman, father of Bhavavarman I of Chenla , which shows the royal lineage relation between Dvaravati and Chenla. However, the name of such a king was missing. The other king was mentioned in the Nern Phra Ngam inscription, found in Nakhon Pathom province , dated mid 5th – mid 6th centuries CE but the name was missing as well. The following is a list of rulers of Dvaravati. Dvaravati itself

261-586: Is known about the administration of Dvaravati. It might simply have been a loose gathering of chiefdoms rather than a centralised state, expanding from the coastal area of the upper peninsula to the riverine region of Chao Phraya River . Hinduism and Buddhism were significant. The three largest settlements appear to have been at Nakhon Pathom , Suphanburi , and Praak Sriracha, with additional centers at U Thong , Chansen, Khu Bua , Pong Tuk, Mueang Phra Rot, Lopburi , Si Mahosot, Kamphaeng Saen , Dong Lakhon, U-Taphao, Ban Khu Mueang, and Si Thep . According to

290-584: Is written in the Old Mon language , suggesting the presence of Mon people in the area at that time.The Dvaravati culture is believed to have played a significant role in the region, and the Nyah Kur people are thought to be descendants of the Dvaravati Mon people. During the 10th–11th centuries and onwards, the area came under Khmer influence, as evidenced by various inscriptions. The area fell into

319-626: The 9-year civil wars in the Angkor in the early 11th century, which led to the devastation of Lavo , as well as the Pagan invasion of Menam Valley around the mid-11th century. All of these potentially are the causes of the fall of the Dvaravati civilization. However, a new kingdom, Ayutthaya , was subsequently founded southward on the bank of the Chao Phraya River in 1351, as

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348-670: The Chinese record during the Tang Dynasty , Dvaravati has two vassal kingdoms, including Tou Yuan (陀垣) near the present- Chanthaburi , and an island kingdom Tanling (曇陵), whose exact location remains unknown. The excavation in several sites found silver coins dated the 7th century that mentioned the king and queen of the kingdom written in Sanskrit with Pallava script : śrīdvaravatīsvarapunya (King Sridvaravati, who has great merit) and śrīdvaravatīsvaradevīpuṇya (the goddess of

377-550: The Dvaravati Civilization to the Menam Valley around 3000 BCE, which continued to the presence of a "Proto-Dvaravati" period that spans the 4th to 5th centuries, and perhaps earlier. The rise of the Angkor in the lower Mekong basin around the 11th–13th centuries, the Menam Valley and the upper Malay peninsula conquered of Tambralinga 's king Sujita who also seized Lavo in the mid-10th century,

406-579: The city center to the west, and connects to the airport and to the main roads to Kalasin province and Maha Sarakham province in the east, and Udon Thani province in the north. The sports teams listed below are based in Khon Kaen. Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the Human achievement index (HAI),

435-450: The control of Lan Xang before coming under Central Thai control. The first city of the area was established in 1783 when Rajakruluang settled there with 330 people. King Rama I made Rajakruluang the first governor of the area when establishing tighter connections with the Isan area. The main city was moved six times until in 1879 it reached its present-day location at Nuang Kaw. Khon Kaen

464-412: The earliest of which appears to be U Thong in what is now Suphan Buri Province . Other key sites include Nakhon Pathom , Phong Tuk , Si Thep , Khu Bua and Si Mahosot , amongst others. Legends engraved on royal urns report the following kings: Suryavikrama (673-688), Harivikrama (688-695), Sihavikrama (695-718). A Khmer inscription dated 937 documents a line of princes of Canasapura started by

493-467: The fractions was discovered probably the center of Dvāravatī. The traditional chronology of Dvaravati is mainly based on the Chinese textual account and stylistic comparison by art historians. However, the results from excavations in Chan Sen and Tha Muang mound at U-Thong raise questions about the traditional dating. Newly dated typical Dvaravati cultural items from the site of U-Thong indicate that

522-451: The meritorious King Dvaravati). In addition, the copper plate dating from the 6th–mid 7th centuries found at U Thong also mentions King Harshavarman (หรรษวรมัน), who was assumed by Jean Boisselier  to be one of the kings of Dvaravati, while  George Cœdès considered the plate was brought from the  Khmer Empire , and the name mentioned might be the Khmer king as well. However,

551-496: The new identity of the Khon Kaen and had finials designed representing Sinxay and his two brothers, Siho and Sangthong. The story of Sang Sinxay, one of the masterpieces of Lao literature written by Pang Kham in 1649, during the Lan Xang period. The province is divided into 26 districts ( amphoes ). The districts are further divided into 198 subdistricts ( tambons ) and 2,139 villages ( mubans ). There are plans to split off

580-783: The northwestern part of the province to form a new province centered at Phu Wiang. The other districts which will belong to this new province are Nong Ruea, Chum Phae, Si Chomphu, Phu Pha Man, Nong Na Kham, and Wiang Kao. As of 26 November 2019 there are: one Khon Kaen Provincial Administration Organisation ( ongkan borihan suan changwat ) and 84 municipal ( thesaban ) areas in the province. Khon Kaen has city ( thesaban nakhon ) status. Ban Phai, Ban Thum, Chum Phae, Kranuan, Mueang Phon and Sila have town ( thesaban mueang ) status. Further 77 subdistrict municipalities ( thesaban tambon ). The non-municipal areas are administered by 140 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO ( ongkan borihan suan tambon ). Khon Kaen has hospitals operated by both

609-466: The periods seem unrelated since King Harshavarman I of Khmer reigned from 910–923, 200 years later than the age of the inscription, and Harshavarman I's grandfather was Indravarman I , not Isanavarman as the inscription mentioned. Moreover, the inscription found in Ban Wang Pai, Phetchabun province (K. 978), dated 550 CE, also mentions the enthronement of the Dvaravati ruler, who was also

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638-529: The public and private sectors. Its main hospital operated by the Ministry of Public Health is Khon Kaen Hospital . The province also has a university hospital, Srinagarind Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University . The railway system in Khon Kaen is on both northeastern routes from Bangkok Railway Station . Khon Kaen province's main railway stations was Khon Kaen Railway Station . In 2017,

667-484: The region now known as central Thailand , and was speculated to be a succeeding state of Lang-chia or Lang-ya-hsiu ( หลังยะสิ่ว ). It was described by Chinese pilgrims in the middle of the 7th century as a Buddhist kingdom named To-lo-po-ti situated to the west of Isanapura ( Cambodia ), to the east of Sri Ksetra ( Burma ), and adjoined Pan Pan in the South. Its northern border met Chia-lo-she-fo , which

696-674: The starting point of the tradition of Dvaravati culture possibly dates as far back as 200 CE. Archaeological, art historical, and epigraphic (inscriptions) evidence all indicate, however, that the main period of Dvaravati spanned the seventh to ninth centuries. Dvaravati culture and influence also spread into Isan and parts of lowland Laos from the sixth century onward. Key sites include Mueang Fa Daet in Kalasin Province , Sema  [ th ] in Nakhon Ratchasima Province , and many others. Little

725-601: The succeeded state, as its capital's full name referred to the Kingdom of Dvaravati; Krung Thep Dvaravati Si Ayutthaya ( Thai : กรุงเทพทวารวดีศรีอยุธยา ). All former Dvaravati principalities, Lavo, the northern cities of the Sukhothai Kingdom , and Suphannabhumi, was later incorporated to the Ayutthaya Kingdom in 1388, 1438, and the mid-15 century, respectively. According to an inscription on

754-494: Was heavily influenced by Indian culture, and played an important role in introducing Buddhism and particularly Buddhist art to the region. Stucco motifs on the religious monuments include garudas , makaras , and Nāgas . Additionally, groups of musicians have been portrayed with their instruments, prisoners, females with their attendants, soldiers indicative of social life. Votive tablets have also been found, also moulds for tin amulets , pottery, terracotta trays, and

783-596: Was incorporated into Lan Na . The term Dvaravati derives from coins which were inscribed in Sanskrit śrī dvāravatī . The Sanskrit word dvāravatī literally means "that which has gates". According to the inscription N.Th. 21 found in 2019 in Wat Phra Ngam in Nakhon Pathom, dated the 6th century, three regional cities were mentioned, including Śrīyānaṁdimiriṅga or Śrīyānaṁdimiriṅgapratipura, then Hastināpurī and Dvāravatī, which made Nakhon Pathom where

812-481: Was speculated to be either Kalasapura , situated along the coast of the Bay of Bengal somewhere between Tavoy and Rangoon , or Canasapura in modern northeast Thailand . Dvaravati sent the first embassy to the Chinese court in around 605–616. Dvaravati also refers to a culture, an art style, and a disparate conglomeration of principalities of Mon people . The Mon migrants as maritime traders might have brought

841-537: Was under the governance of Udon in the early period of Rattanakosin, c. 2450 BCE. The Integrated Opisthorchiasis Control Program , also known as the Lawa Project, an internationally recognized liver fluke control program, has its offices in the Ban Phai and Ban Haet Districts south of Khon Kaen city. Other satellite cities that has to do with the separation from the city of Suwannabhumi and later separated into

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