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29-572: In April 1992, Kyrgyzstan formed a State Committee for Defense Affairs, and in June the republic took control of all troops on its soil (meaning remaining units of the stationed in Kyrgyzstan). In 1994, 30 percent of the officer corps were ethnic Russians. The first commander was General Valentin Luk'yanov  [ ru ] , an ethnic Ukrainian. In Russian sources Luk'yanov is listed as the commander of

58-425: A decree to promote the 316th to a Guards formation, in recognition of the role it played in defending the capital; it sustained 9,920 casualties, including 3,620 soldiers killed in action and 6,300 wounded. Marshal Dmitry Yazov , who researched the division's history, wrote that it considerably delayed the enemy's march on Moscow in its sector. On the 18th, a group of journalists traveled to Panfilov's headquarters in

87-651: The Chapayevska . As a Guards Division the numbering of its subordinate units was as follows: The 8th Guards took part in the December counteroffensive in Moscow, liberating the villages of Kryukovo and Istra . During late January 1942, the 8th Guards was assigned to the 2nd Guards Rifle Corps of Northwestern Front , and participated in the battles near the Demyansk Pocket ; for its performance during

116-692: The 316th Rifle Division , is a motorized infantry division of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic . Formed as a Soviet Red Army division during World War II , it was dissolved in 2003 but established anew in 2011. Its full title is 8th Guards Rezhitskaya Motorized Rifle Division Named after Hero of the Soviet Union Major General Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov, awarded the Orders of Lenin,

145-650: The 8th Guards Motor Rifle Division from 1985-91. On January 25, 2017, President Almazbek Atambayev officially founded the Kyrgyz Army, with Colonel Erlis Terdikbayev acting as its first commander. Ground forces are divided into 2 military commands, the Northern and Southern Groups of Forces. Small arms 8th Guards Motor Rifle Division The 8th Guards Motor Rifle Panfilov Division ( Russian : 8-я гвардейская Панфиловская дивизия ; Kyrgyz : 8-гвардиялык мотоаткычтар Панфилов дивизиясынын ) originally

174-585: The Russian army at the beginning of World War I was Grand Duke Nicholas Nicholaievitch , a grandson of Tsar Nicholas I . Appointed at the last minute in August 1914, he played no part in formulating the military plans in use at the beginning of the war. Nikolai Yanushkevich was his chief of staff . In the summer of 1915 the Tsar himself took personal command, with Mikhail Alekseyev as his chief of staff. In

203-562: The administrative staff , and to the General Headquarters in the late 19th-century Imperial Russian armed forces and subsequently in the Soviet Union . In Western literature it is sometimes written in uppercase ( STAVKA ), although it is not an acronym. Stavka may refer to its members, as well as to the headquarters location (its original meaning from the old Russian word ставка , 'tent'). The commander-in-chief of

232-478: The 8th Guards. Drawing from the memories of Major Baurzhan Momyshuly , he authored a book, Volokolamsk Highway (known also as Panfilov's Men ), about the fighting near the city. After the war, in 1960 and 1961, he completed two sequels, Several Days and General Panfilov's Reserve . The trilogy described the experiences of Momyshuly as a battalion commander, from the formation of the division in Alma Ata until

261-682: The Armed Forces of the USSR" ( Stavka Glavnogo Komandovaniya ) (Russian: Ставка Главного Командования Вооруженных Сил Союза ССР ), was established on 23 June 1941 by a top-secret decree signed by Joseph Stalin in his capacities both as the head of government and as the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union . According to this decree, Stavka was composed of the defence minister Marshal Semyon Timoshenko (as its president),

290-640: The Red Banner and Suvorov . After Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941 , reserves were mobilized to be sent to the front. On 12 July 1941, the 316th Rifle Division was established in Alma Ata , the capital of the Kazakh SSR . Major General Ivan Panfilov , the military commissar of the Kirghiz SSR , was appointed its commander. The reservists allotted to the 316th were mostly from

319-546: The Soviet counter-offensive in Moscow. Bek's Volokolamsk Highway served as one of the settings for an eponymous series of five plays by Heiner Müller , written from 1984 to 1987. The first part, "Russian Opening", was based on Heinrich von Kleist 's The Prince of Homburg . In Müller's reinterpretation, Momyshuly assumes the role of the Great Elector . Beside Bek's trilogy, Momyshuly himself authored his accounts on

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348-603: The city and the surrounding region, it was awarded the honorary title Rezhitskaya on 27 July 1944. On 3 November, the division received the Order of Suvorov 2nd Class. The 8th Guards ended the war with the 10th Guards Army, as part of the forces besieging Courland . According to Soviet official reports, during World War II the division killed or disabled 85,000 enemy troops, captured 5,000 more and destroyed or captured 387 tanks, 65 other armored vehicles, 43 planes, 451 guns, 180 mortars, 2010 automobiles and 328 motorcycles. In total,

377-603: The deputy defence minister of the army, Meretskov, was arrested following false charges made by Beria and Merkulov . Meretskov was subsequently released from jail on the same day, at the end of the first week of September 1941, which was called for by Stalin. Stavka's Main Command was reorganized into the Stavka of the Supreme Command ( Stavka Verkhovnogo Komandovaniya ) on 10 July 1941. This action occurred after Stalin

406-597: The division's fighting near Moscow. A copy of the divisional banner is located at the Military History Museum of Almaty . Stavka The Stavka ( Russian and Ukrainian : Ставка, Belarusian : Стаўка) is a name of the high command of the armed forces used formerly in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union and currently in Ukraine . In Imperial Russia Stavka referred to

435-785: The head of General Staff Georgy Zhukov , Stalin , Vyacheslav Molotov , Marshal Kliment Voroshilov , Marshal Semyon Budyonny and the People's Commissar ( Narkom ) of the Navy Admiral Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov . The same decree organized at Stavka "the institution of permanent counsellors of Stavka": Marshal Kulik , Marshal Shaposhnikov , Kirill Meretskov , head of the Air force Zhigarev , Nikolay Vatutin , head of Air Defence Voronov , Mikoyan , Kaganovich , Lavrenty Beria , Voznesensky , Zhdanov , Malenkov , Mekhlis . Very soon afterwards,

464-422: The highest Soviet military decoration, Hero of the Soviet Union . The first was Major General Ivan Panfilov himself, posthumously. Panfilov's Twenty-Eight Guardsmen were also all awarded the title posthumously; when six of them were revealed to be alive, two were stripped of it. The other wartime Heroes were Piotr Vikhrev , Malik Gabdulin , Ivan Shapshaev and Tulegen Tokhtarov . Baurzhan Momyshuly received

493-482: The highway passing through Volokolamsk . The 316th was reinforced with the 690th Rifle Regiment from the 126th Rifle Division, as well as the 289th and 296th Anti-tank Regiments. On 14 October, the German XLVI Panzer Corps attacked with superior forces. By the 27th, they had advanced some thirty kilometers, pushing the 316th back to Volokolamsk . On 28 October, after a day of fighting, the city

522-464: The honor in 1991, three years after his death. The 8th Guards Division was stationed at Haapsalu in the Estonian SSR with the 4th Guards Rifle Corps after the war. On 25 June 1957, it became a motor rifle division. It was disbanded on 18 March 1960. On 23 May, the 36th Guards Motor Rifle Division at Klooga was redesignated as the 8th Guards Motor Rifle Division, inheriting the honors of

551-580: The last; although the story gained wide publicity, it was later revealed to be exaggerated. The threat to the 16th Army's flank forced the Stavka to send in the reserve 78th Rifle Division . Although they were forced to retreat after three days, the German advance ceased due to the Soviets' resistance and the harsh weather conditions. On 17 November, Joseph Stalin as People's Commissar of Defense passed

580-665: The operation, it was collectively awarded the Order of Lenin on 16 March. In June, still in 2nd Guards Corps, it was transferred to 3rd Shock Army in Kalinin Front . In late 1942, the 30th Guards Rifle Regiment fought as a separate unit in the Battle of Velikiye Luki near the Lovat River . In 1944, it took part in the Leningrad–Novgorod Offensive and later, in the battle of Rēzekne ; for its role in taking

609-660: The predecessor of the unit took part in the 2010 Moscow Victory Day Parade on Red Square . It is now garrisoned in Tokmok and commanded by Colonel Berdibek Asanov. The combat banner of the division was carried on Red Square by the Military Institute of the Armed Forces during the military parade in Moscow in 2020 . On its 80th anniversary in 2021, servicemen of the division marched to Panfilov Park . During 1943 and 1944, war reporter Alexander Bek escorted

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638-757: The previous formation. Then it was recalled to Frunze , Kyrgyzstan in May 1967 and assigned to the 17th Army Corps of the Turkestan Military District . After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , it became part of the Kyrgyz Armed Forces , but was disbanded in January 2003. On 11 July 2011, on the eve of the division's 70th anniversary, the 8th Guards was re-established in a ceremony attended by President Roza Otunbayeva and Defence Minister Abibilla Kudayberdiev . The year before,

667-583: The soldiers of the division were awarded twenty-nine Orders of Lenin , 371 Orders of the Red Banner , two Orders of Kutuzov , eight Orders of Suvorov , fifty-three Orders of Alexander Nevsky , one Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky , 391 Orders of the Patriotic War 1st class, 1783 Orders of the Patriotic War 2nd Class, 4747 Orders of the Red Star , forty-one Orders of Glory 2nd degree and 2061 Orders of Glory 3rd degree. Thirty-four soldiers received

696-545: The two republics. It consisted of: The 316th's soldiers were sworn in on 1 August, and boarded trains to the front from the 18th to the 20th. They arrived in Borovichi , near Malaya Vishera , in late August. Intense fighting against the Germans had already taken place in the region, as part of the campaign to defend Leningrad from the attack of Army Group North. The 316th was involved in several skirmishes, but on 8 September

725-458: The village of Guseniovo, and told him of the news. As he briefed them in the open, they came under a mortar attack. The general was killed by a shell splinter. The decree came into effect on that very day, turning the 316th to the 8th Guards Rifle Division; it also received the Order of the Red Banner . It was named in honor of Panfilov on 23 November, thus becoming one of the only two Red Army divisions to be named after their commanders, along with

754-599: The years 1915–1917 Stavka was based in Mogilev and the Tsar, Nicholas II, spent long periods there as Commander-in-Chief. The Stavka was divided into several departments: The Stavka was first established in Baranovichi . In August 1915, after the German advance, the Stavka re-located to Mogilev . The Stavka of the Soviet Armed Forces during World War II , or the headquarters of the "Main Command of

783-526: Was consigned as the reserve of the 52nd Army. It spent a month in the rear. In early October, the Germans began their offensive on Moscow . On 7 October, Panfilov's division was transferred to the vicinity of the Soviet capital, arriving on the 11th. It was assigned to Konstantin Rokossovsky 's 16th Army ( Western Front ), and ordered to defend a 41-km long sector along the Ruza River , especially

812-521: Was named Supreme Commander, and replaced Timoshenko as head of Stavka. On 8 August 1941 it was again reorganized into Stavka of the Supreme Main Command ( Stavka Verkhovnogo Glavnokomandovaniya ). On the same day Strategic Directions commands were instituted. A 17 February 1945 decree set out the membership of Stavka as Stalin (President), Zhukov, Aleksandr Vasilevsky , Aleksei Antonov , Nikolai Bulganin and Kuznetsov. The Stavka of

841-464: Was occupied. Panfilov's soldiers retreated closer to Moscow. The German Army resumed its offensive on 15 November. In the meantime, the 316th had received some of the first PTRD anti-tank rifles . On the 16th, the 46th Panzer Corps engaged the 316th in its new line of defense, near the village of Dubosekovo . Soviet newspapers later reported that twenty-eight soldiers from the division's 1075th Regiment destroyed eighteen enemy tanks while fighting to

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