Misplaced Pages

#475524

67-530: Kyrie , a transliteration of Greek Κύριε , vocative case of Κύριος ( Kyrios ), is a common name of an important prayer of Christian liturgy , also called the Kyrie eleison ( / ˈ k ɪr i . eɪ ɛ ˈ l eɪ . i s ɒ n / KEER -ee-ay el- AY -eess-on ; Ancient Greek : Κύριε, ἐλέησον , romanized :  Kýrie, eléēson , lit.   'Lord, have mercy'). The prayer, Kýrie, eléison , "Lord, have mercy" derives from

134-719: A homily or sermon that draws upon some aspect of the readings or the liturgy itself, is then given. The homily is preferably moral and hortatory. Finally, the Nicene Creed or, especially from Easter to Pentecost , the Apostles' Creed is professed on Sundays and solemnities, and the Universal Prayer or Prayer of the Faithful follows. The designation "of the faithful" comes from when catechumens did not remain for this prayer or for what follows. The Liturgy of

201-870: A Biblical phrase. Greek ἐλέησόν με κύριε , ' have mercy on me, Lord ' , is the Septuagint translation of the phrase חָנֵּנִי יְהוָה often found in the Psalms ( 6 :2, 9 :13, 31 :9, 86 :3, and 123 :3). In the New Testament , the Greek phrase occurs three times in Matthew : In the Parable of the Publican and the Pharisee (Luke 18:9–14) the despised tax collector who cries out "Lord have mercy on me,

268-738: A close by the Collect Prayer. On Sundays and solemnities, three Scripture readings are given. On other days there are only two. If there are three readings, the first is from the Old Testament (a term wider than " Hebrew Scriptures ", since it includes the Deuterocanonical Books ), or the Acts of the Apostles during Eastertide . The first reading is followed by a psalm, recited or sung responsorially. The second reading

335-466: A hymn to Christ as to a God. The final result of our inquiry is that, in spite of unsolved problems, in spite of later changes, there is not in Christendom another rite so venerable as ours." In a footnote he added: "The prejudice that imagines that everything Eastern must be old is a mistake. Eastern rites have been modified later too; some of them quite late. No Eastern Rite now used is as archaic as

402-567: A sinner" is contrasted with the smug Pharisee who believes he has no need for forgiveness. Luke 17:13 has epistates , ' master ' , instead of kyrios , ' lord ' , ( Ἰησοῦ ἐπιστάτα ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς ), being less suggestive of the kyrios ' lord ' used as euphemism for YHWH in the Septuagint. There are other examples in the text of the gospels without the kyrie ' lord ' , e.g. Mark 10:46, where blind Bartimaeus cries out, "Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me." In

469-630: A total turning from concern with one’s inner state to the attitude and feeling of the Church. It means enlarging the scope of prayer, so often narrow and selfish, to embrace the concerns of the whole Church and, indeed – as in the Our Father – of God.” In the New Dictionary of Sacramental Worship, the need to establish communion is reinforced as it quotes the GIRM to the effect that the purpose of

536-651: Is a transliteration of Greek Χριστέ, ἐλέησον . Kýrie, eléison may also be used as a response of the people to intentions mentioned in the Prayer of the Faithful. Since 1549, Anglicans have normally sung or said the Kyrie in English. In the 1552 Book of Common Prayer , the Kyrie was inserted into a recitation of the Ten Commandments . Modern revisions of the Prayer Book have restored

603-406: Is common, as for Burmese , for instance. In Modern Greek , the letters ⟨η, ι, υ⟩ and the letter combinations ⟨ει, oι, υι⟩ are pronounced [i] (except when pronounced as semivowels ), and a modern transcription renders them as ⟨i⟩. However, a transliteration distinguishes them; for example, by transliterating them as ⟨ē, i, y⟩ and ⟨ei, oi, yi⟩. (As the ancient pronunciation of ⟨η⟩ was [ɛː] , it

670-753: Is from the New Testament epistles, typically from one of the Pauline epistles . A Gospel acclamation is then sung as the Book of the Gospels is processed, sometimes with incense and candles, to the ambo; if not sung it may be omitted. The final reading and high point of the Liturgy of the Word is the proclamation of the Gospel by the deacon or priest. On all Sundays and Holy Days of Obligation , and preferably at all Masses,

737-757: Is not long . Transcription , conversely, seeks to capture sound, but phonetically approximate it into the new script; ⟨ Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ⟩ corresponds to [eliniˈci ðimokraˈtia] in the International Phonetic Alphabet . While differentiation is lost in the case of [i] , note the allophonic realization of /k/ as a palatalized [c] when preceding front vowels /e/ and /i/ . Angle brackets ⟨ ⟩ may be used to set off transliteration, as opposed to slashes / / for phonemic transcription and square brackets for phonetic transcription. Angle brackets may also be used to set off characters in

SECTION 10

#1732765471476

804-596: Is not present in most forms of English and is often transliterated as "kh" as in Nikita Khrushchev . Many languages have phonemic sounds, such as click consonants , which are quite unlike any phoneme in the language into which they are being transliterated. Some languages and scripts present particular difficulties to transcribers. These are discussed on separate pages. Examples of languages and writing systems and methods of transliterating include: Roman Rite The Roman Rite ( Latin : Rītus Rōmānus )

871-628: Is of Eastern type, while the Leonine and Gelasian Sacramentaries, of about the 6th century, "show us what is practically our present Roman Mass". In the interval, there was what Fortescue called "a radical change". He quoted the theory of A. Baumstark that the Hanc Igitur , Quam oblationem , Supra quæ and Supplices , and the list of saints in the Nobis quoque were added to the Roman Canon of

938-565: Is often transliterated as ⟨ē⟩.) On the other hand, ⟨αυ, ευ, ηυ⟩ are pronounced /af, ef, if/ , and are voiced to [av, ev, iv] when followed by a voiced consonant – a shift from Ancient Greek /au̯, eu̯, iu̯/ . A transliteration would render them all as ⟨au, eu, iu⟩ no matter the environment these sounds are in, reflecting the traditional orthography of Ancient Greek, yet a transcription would distinguish them, based on their phonemic and allophonic pronunciations in Modern Greek. Furthermore,

1005-571: Is opposed to letter transcription , which is a letter by letter conversion of one language into another writing system. Still, most systems of transliteration map the letters of the source script to letters pronounced similarly in the target script, for some specific pair of source and target language. Transliteration may be very close to letter-by-letter transcription if the relations between letters and sounds are similar in both languages. For many script pairs, there are one or more standard transliteration systems. However, unsystematic transliteration

1072-640: Is still in use, is certainly much older. The Roman Missal ( Latin : Missale Romanum ) is the liturgical book that contains the texts and rubrics for the celebration of the Mass in the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. Before the high Middle Ages , several books were used at Mass: a Sacramentary with the prayers , one or more books for the Scriptural readings, and one or more books for

1139-748: Is the most common ritual family for performing the ecclesiastical services of the Latin Church , the largest of the sui iuris particular churches that comprise the Catholic Church . The Roman Rite governs rites such as the Roman Mass and the Liturgy of the Hours as well as the manner in which sacraments and blessings are performed. The Roman Rite developed in the Latin language in

1206-404: Is the process of representing or intending to represent a word, phrase, or text in a different script or writing system. Transliterations are designed to convey the pronunciation of the original word in a different script, allowing readers or speakers of that script to approximate the sounds and pronunciation of the original word. Transliterations do not change the pronunciation of the word. Thus, in

1273-641: The Gloria . This is explained by Mark R. Francis of Catholic Theological Union in Chicago , speaking of the Kyrie : Its emphasis is not on us (our sinfulness) but on God’s mercy and salvific action in Jesus Christ. It could just as accurately be translated "O Lord, you are merciful!" Note that the sample tropes all mention what Christ has done for us, not how we have sinned. For example, “you were sent to heal

1340-728: The Eastern Orthodox , Oriental Orthodox , Assyrian Nestorian , and Eastern Catholic Churches . The Greek phrase, Kýrie, eléison , is for instance extensively used in the Coptic (Egyptian) Christian liturgy, which uses both the Coptic and the Greek languages. The various litanies , frequent in Eastern Orthodox rites, generally have Lord, have mercy as their response, either singly or triply. Some petitions in these litanies will have twelve or even forty repetitions of

1407-704: The Eucharistic spirit of the Mass over the centuries, so that "one could find merely traces of the original sense of the Eucharist as a thanksgiving for the wonders God has wrought.” The General Instruction of the Roman Missal ( GIRM ) notes that at the Council of Trent "manuscripts in the Vatican ;... by no means made it possible to inquire into 'ancient and approved authors' farther back than

SECTION 20

#1732765471476

1474-770: The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria , Cardinal Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI) affirmed that "a theology oriented to the concept of succession [of bishops], such as that which holds in the Catholic and in the Orthodox church , need not in any way deny the salvation-granting presence of the Lord [ Heilschaffende Gegenwart des Herrn ] in a Lutheran [ evangelische ] Lord's Supper". The Decree on Ecumenism , produced by Vatican II in 1964, records that

1541-591: The Greek term ⟨ Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ⟩ , which is usually translated as ' Hellenic Republic ', the usual transliteration into the Latin script is ⟨Hellēnikḗ Dēmokratía⟩ ; and the Russian term ⟨ Российская Республика ⟩ , which is usually translated as ' Russian Republic ', can be transliterated either as ⟨Rossiyskaya Respublika⟩ or alternatively as ⟨Rossijskaja Respublika⟩ . Transliteration

1608-506: The Liturgy of the Word and the Liturgy of the Eucharist . Although similar in outward appearance to the Anglican Mass or Lutheran Mass , the Catholic Church distinguishes between its own Mass and theirs on the basis of what it views as the validity of the orders of their clergy, and as a result, does not ordinarily permit intercommunion between members of these Churches. In a 1993 letter to Bishop Johannes Hanselmann of

1675-475: The Mass of Paul VI , is currently in use throughout the world. The Roman Rite of Mass no longer has the pulpitum , or rood screen , a dividing wall characteristic of certain medieval cathedrals in northern Europe, or the iconostasis or curtain that heavily influences the ritual of some other rites. In large churches of the Middle Ages and early Renaissance the area near the main altar, reserved for

1742-558: The Second Vatican Council that same year, whose participating bishops ultimately called for renewal and reform of the liturgy. The 1969 edition of the Roman Missal was promulgated by Pope Paul VI , issued in response to the council, introduced several major revisions, including simplifying the rituals and permitting translations into local vernacular languages. The version of the Mass in this missal, known colloquially as

1809-493: The Words of Institution . If, as was once most common, the priest offers Mass while facing ad apsidem (towards the apse), ad orientem (towards the east) if the apse is at the east end of the church, he shows them to the people, who are behind him, by elevating them above his head. As each is shown, a bell (once called "the sacring bell") is rung and, if incense is used, the host and chalice are incensed ( General Instruction of

1876-513: The antiphons and other chants. Gradually, manuscripts came into being that incorporated parts of more than one of these books, leading finally to versions that were complete in themselves. Such a book was referred to as a Missale Plenum (English: "Full Missal" ). In response to reforms called for in the Council of Trent , Pope Pius V promulgated, in the Apostolic Constitution Quo primum of 14 July 1570, an edition of

1943-402: The antiphons sung or recited during the entrance procession or at Communion, and certain other prayers vary each day according to the liturgical calendar. The priest enters, with a deacon if there is one, and altar servers (who may act as crucifer , candle-bearers and thurifer ). The priest makes the sign of the cross with the people and formally greets them. Of the options offered for

2010-604: The soft palate but on the uvula , but the pronunciation varies between different dialects of Arabic . The letter is sometimes transliterated into "g", sometimes into "q" or " ' " (for in Egypt it is silent) and rarely even into "k" in English. Another example is the Russian letter "Х" (kha) . It is pronounced as the voiceless velar fricative /x/ , like the Scottish pronunciation of ⟨ch⟩ in "lo ch ". This sound

2077-462: The " Lord's Prayer " ("Pater Noster" or "Our Father"). The priest introduces it with a short phrase and follows it up with a prayer called the embolism , after which the people respond with another doxology. The sign of peace is exchanged and then the " Lamb of God " ("Agnus Dei" in Latin) litany is sung or recited while the priest breaks the host and places a piece in the main chalice; this is known as

Kyrie - Misplaced Pages Continue

2144-558: The 20th century were abandoned after the Second Vatican Council . The Roman Rite is now the most widespread liturgical rite not only in the Catholic Church but in Christianity as a whole. The Roman Rite has been adapted through the centuries and the history of its Eucharistic liturgy can be divided into three stages: the Pre-Tridentine Mass , Tridentine Mass , and Mass of Paul VI . It is now normally celebrated in

2211-517: The Catholic Church notes its understanding that when other faith groups (such as Lutherans, Anglicans , and Presbyterians ) "commemorate His death and resurrection in the Lord's Supper, they profess that it signifies life in communion with Christ and look forward to His coming in glory". Within the fixed structure outlined below, which is specific to the Roman Rite , the Scripture readings,

2278-541: The Christian life", to which the other sacraments are oriented. Remembered in the Mass are Jesus ' life , Last Supper , and sacrificial death on the cross at Calvary . The ordained celebrant ( priest or bishop ) is understood to act in persona Christi , as he recalls the words and gestures of Jesus Christ at the Last Supper and leads the congregation in praise of God . The Mass is composed of two parts,

2345-438: The Eucharist begins with the preparation of the altar and gifts, while the collection may be taken. This concludes with the priest saying: "Pray, brethren, that my sacrifice and yours may be acceptable to God, the almighty Father." The congregation stands and responds: "May the Lord accept the sacrifice at your hands, for the praise and glory of His name, for our good, and the good of all His holy Church." The priest then pronounces

2412-520: The Gelasian book, which depends on the Leonine collection. We find the prayers of our Canon in the treatise de Sacramentis and allusions to it in the 4th century. So our Mass goes back, without essential change, to the age when it first developed out of the oldest liturgy of all. It is still redolent of that liturgy, of the days when Caesar ruled the world and thought he could stamp out the faith of Christ, when our fathers met together before dawn and sang

2479-402: The Greek above example, ⟨λλ⟩ is transliterated ⟨ll⟩ though it is pronounced exactly the same way as [l] , or the Greek letters, ⟨λλ⟩ . ⟨Δ⟩ is transliterated ⟨D⟩ though pronounced as [ð] , and ⟨η⟩ is transliterated ⟨ī⟩ , though it is pronounced [i] (exactly like ⟨ι⟩ ) and

2546-633: The Introductory Rites, that preferred by liturgists would bridge the praise of the opening hymn with the Glory to God which follows. The Kyrie eleison here has from early times been an acclamation of God's mercy. The Penitential Act instituted by the Council of Trent is also still permitted here, with the caution that it should not turn the congregation in upon itself during these rites which are aimed at uniting those gathered as one praiseful congregation. The Introductory Rites are brought to

2613-464: The Mass under "a mixed influence of Antioch and Alexandria", and that " St. Leo I began to make these changes; Gregory I finished the process and finally recast the Canon in the form it still has." Fortescue concluded: In the same article Fortescue went on to speak of the many alterations that the Roman Rite of Mass underwent from the 7th century on (see Pre-Tridentine Mass ), in particular through

2680-620: The Pharisee and the Publican ( Luke 18:9–14 ), where the Publican prays "God, have mercy on me, a sinner", thus showing more clearly its connection with the Jesus Prayer. In Rome, the liturgy was first celebrated in Greek. Josef Jungmann suggests the Kyrie in the Roman Mass is best seen as a vestige of a litany at the beginning of the Mass, like that of some Eastern churches, retained after Latin became normative. As early as

2747-546: The Roman Mass." In the same book, Fortescue acknowledged that the Roman Rite underwent profound changes in the course of its development. His ideas are summarized in the article on the "Liturgy of the Mass" that he wrote for the Catholic Encyclopedia (published between 1907 and 1914) in which he pointed out that the earliest form of the Roman Mass, as witnessed in Justin Martyr 's 2nd-century account,

Kyrie - Misplaced Pages Continue

2814-613: The Roman Missal , 100). Sometimes the external bells of the church are rung as well. Other characteristics that distinguish the Roman Rite from the rites of the Eastern Catholic Churches are genuflections and keeping both hands joined together. In his 1912 book on the Roman Mass, Adrian Fortescue wrote: "Essentially the Missal of Pius V is the Gregorian Sacramentary; that again is formed from

2881-589: The Roman Missal that was to be in obligatory use throughout the Roman Catholic Church except where there was a traditional liturgical rite that could be proved to be of at least two centuries' antiquity. The version of the Mass in the 1570s edition became known as the Tridentine Mass . Various relatively minor revision were made in the centuries following, culminating in the 1962 edition promulgated by Pope John XXIII . Pope John XXIII opened

2948-405: The Roman Rite. The terms aggiornamento (bringing up to date) and ressourcement (light of the Gospel) figure significantly into the documents of Vatican II : “The Church carries the responsibility of scrutinizing the signs of the times and interpreting them in the light of the Gospel” ( Gaudium et spes , 4). Louis Bouyer , a theologian at Vatican II, claimed that there was a distortion of

3015-493: The anaphoras of the Roman Rite, fixed since the Council of Trent , is called the Roman Canon , with central elements dating to the fourth century. With the liturgical renewal following the Second Vatican Council , numerous other Eucharistic prayers have been composed, including four for children's Masses. Central to the Eucharist is the Institution Narrative , recalling the words and actions of Jesus at his Last Supper , which he told his disciples to do in remembrance of him. Then

3082-417: The biblical text, the phrase is always personalized by an explicit object (such as "on me", "on us", "on my son"), while in the Eucharistic celebration it can be seen more as a general expression of confidence in God's love. The phrase Kýrie, eléison ( ‹See Tfd› Greek: Κύριε, ἐλέησον ), whether in Greek or in other languages, is one of the most oft-repeated phrases in Eastern Christianity , including

3149-498: The city of Rome and, while distinct Latin liturgical rites such as the Ambrosian Rite remain, the Roman Rite has gradually been adopted almost everywhere in the Latin Church. In medieval times there were numerous local variants, even if all of them did not amount to distinct rites, yet uniformity increased as a result of the invention of printing and in obedience to the decrees of the Council of Trent of 1545–1563 (see Quo primum ). Several Latin liturgical rites that survived into

3216-455: The clergy, was separated from the nave (the area for the laity ) by means of a rood screen extending from the floor to the beam that supported the great cross (the rood) of the church and sometimes topped by a loft or singing gallery. However, by about 1800 the Roman Rite had quite abandoned rood screens, although some fine examples survive. Gregorian chant is the traditional chant of the Roman Rite. Being entirely monophonic, it does not have

3283-428: The congregation acclaims its belief in Christ's conquest over death, and their hope of eternal life. Since the early church an essential part of the Eucharistic prayer has been the epiclesis , the calling down of the Holy Spirit to sanctify our offering. The priest concludes with a doxology in praise of God's work, at which the people give their Amen to the whole Eucharistic prayer. All together recite or sing

3350-404: The consecrated wine. According to Catholic teaching, one should be in the state of grace, without mortal sin, to receive Communion. Singing by all the faithful during the Communion procession is encouraged "to express the communicants' union in spirit" from the bread that makes them one. A silent time for reflection follows, and then the variable concluding prayer of the Mass. The priest imparts

3417-486: The contrite,” “you have shown us the way to the Father,” or “you come in word and sacrament to strengthen us in holiness,” leading to further acclamation of God’s praises in the Gloria. In this same line, Hans Urs von Balthasar calls for a renewal of the focus at the Eucharist: We must make every effort to arouse the sense of community within the liturgy, to restore liturgy to the ecclesial plane, where individuals can take their proper place in it…. Liturgical piety involves

SECTION 50

#1732765471476

3484-407: The day . Kyrie movements sometimes have a ternary (ABA) musical structure that reflects the symmetrical structure of the text. Polyphonic settings can be found in five (or four) movements, calling for alternatim performance, i. e. alternating with Gregorian chant or with organ versets . Musical settings exist in a variety of styles. The Kyrie serves as the beginning of litanies in

3551-454: The dense harmonies of present-day chanting in the Russian and Georgian churches. Except in such pieces as the graduals and alleluias , it does not have melismata as lengthy as those of Coptic Christianity . However, the music of the Roman Rite became very elaborate and lengthy when Western Europe adopted polyphony . While the choir sang one part of the Mass the priest said that part quietly to himself and continued with other parts, or he

3618-422: The extent of laying down that the priest should put his right arm into the right sleeve of the alb before putting his left arm into the left sleeve ( Ritus servandus in celebratione Missae , I, 3). Concentration on the exact moment of change of the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Christ has led, in the Roman Rite, to the consecrated Host and the chalice being shown to the people immediately after

3685-418: The form promulgated by Pope Paul VI in 1969 and revised by Pope John Paul II in 2002, but use of the Roman Missal of 1962 remains authorized under the conditions indicated in the 2021 papal document Traditionis Custodes . The Roman Rite is noted for its sobriety of expression. In its Tridentine form, it was noted also for its formality: the Tridentine Missal minutely prescribed every movement, to

3752-432: The infusion of Gallican elements, noticeable chiefly in the variations for the course of the year. This infusion Fortescue called the "last change since Gregory the Great" (who died in 604). The Eucharistic Prayer normally used in the Byzantine Rite is attributed to Saint John Chrysostom , who died in 404, exactly two centuries before Pope Gregory the Great. The East Syrian Eucharistic Prayer of Addai and Mari , which

3819-409: The initial letter ⟨h⟩ reflecting the historical rough breathing ⟨ ̔⟩ in words such as ⟨Hellēnikḗ⟩ would intuitively be omitted in transcription for Modern Greek, as Modern Greek no longer has the /h/ sound. A simple example of difficulties in transliteration is the Arabic letter qāf . It is pronounced, in literary Arabic, approximately like English [k], except that the tongue makes contact not on

3886-499: The introductory rites is “to ensure that the faithful who come together as one establish communion and dispose themselves to listen properly to God's word and to celebrate the Eucharist worthily” ( GIRM , 46, emphasis added). [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Kyrie Eleison". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company. Transliteration For instance, for

3953-406: The liturgical commentaries of the Middle Ages  ... [But] traditions dating back to the first centuries, before the formation of the rites of East and West, are better known today because of the discovery of so many liturgical documents" (7f.). Consonant with these modern studies, theologians have suggested that there be a continuity in praise of God between the opening song and the praise of

4020-410: The option of using the Kyrie without the Commandments. Other denominations, such as Lutheranism , also use Kýrie, eléison in their liturgies. In the Tridentine Mass form of the Roman Rite , Kýrie, eléison is sung or said three times, followed by a threefold Christe, eléison and by another threefold Kýrie, eléison . Collectively, the nine invocations are said to unite

4087-400: The original script. Conventions and author preferences vary. Systematic transliteration is a mapping from one system of writing into another, typically grapheme to grapheme. Most transliteration systems are one-to-one , so a reader who knows the system can reconstruct the original spelling. Transliteration, which adapts written form without altering the pronunciation when spoken out,

SECTION 60

#1732765471476

4154-415: The petitions of the faithful to those of the nine choirs of angels in heaven. Kýrie, eléison ( Κύριε, ἐλέησον ) Christe, eléison ( Χριστέ, ἐλέησον ) The Kyrie is the first sung prayer of the Mass ordinary and is usually part of any musical setting of the Mass , one exception being the early English school , whose liturgy featured a troped Kyrie that was therefore proper to

4221-405: The phrase as a response. The phrase is also the origin of the Jesus Prayer , beloved by Eastern Christians as a foundation of personal prayer, and is increasingly popular among some Western Christians. The prayer is simultaneously a petition and a prayer of thanksgiving; an acknowledgement of what God has done, what God is doing, and what God will continue to do. It is refined in the Parable of

4288-444: The rite of fraction and commingling. The priest then displays the consecrated elements to the congregation, saying: "Behold the Lamb of God, behold him who takes away the sins of the world. Blessed are those called to the supper of the Lamb," to which all respond: "Lord, I am not worthy that you should enter under my roof, but only say the word and my soul shall be healed." Then Communion is given, often with lay ministers assisting with

4355-432: The sixth century, Pope Gregory the Great noted that there were differences in the way in which eastern and western churches sang Kyrie . In the eastern churches all sing it at the same time, whereas in the western church the clergy sing it and the people respond. Also, the western church sang Christe, eléison as many times as Kýrie, eléison . In the Roman Rite liturgy, this variant, Christe, eléison ,

4422-438: The variable prayer over the gifts. Then in dialogue with the faithful the priest brings to mind the meaning of "eucharist", to give thanks to God. A variable prayer of thanksgiving follows, concluding with the acclamation " Holy, Holy ....Heaven and earth are full of your glory. ...Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest." The anaphora , or more properly "Eucharistic Prayer", follows, The oldest of

4489-419: Was directed by the rubrics to sit and wait for the conclusion of the choir's singing. Therefore, it became normal in the Tridentine Mass for the priest to say Mass, not sing it, in contrast to the practice in all Eastern rites. Only on special occasions and in the principal Mass in monasteries and cathedrals was the Mass sung. The Catholic Church sees the Mass or Eucharist as "the source and summit of

#475524