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160-613: The Martha Washington Hotel (later known as Hotel Thirty Thirty , Hotel Lola , King & Grove New York , and The Redbury New York ) was a hotel at 30 East 30th Street (later 29 East 29th Street ) in the NoMad neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City . Opened in 1903 and operated as a women-only hotel for 95 years, the 13-story structure was designed by Robert W. Gibson in the Renaissance Revival style for

320-481: A Washington Post critic described the rooms as having a bed, two side tables, an armoire , and a small dressing area. Some rooms also retained vestiges of the hotel's original use: for example, some guest rooms had sinks but not toilets or bathtubs. By 2016, there were around 255 rooms, many in different sizes and layouts. The rooms were decorated in a red, gray, black and white color scheme. with motifs relating to music and 20th-century New York City history. Each room

480-424: A cutaway view parts of the exterior are omitted to show the interior, or details of internal construction. Although common in technical illustration, including many building products and systems, the cutaway is in fact little-used in architectural drawing. Architectural drawings are produced for a specific purpose, and can be classified accordingly. Several elements are often included on the same sheet, for example

640-400: A stencil , or a combination of the two. Ink lines were drawn with a ruling pen , a relatively sophisticated device similar to a dip-in pen, but with adjustable line width, capable of producing a very fine controlled line width. Ink pens had to be dipped into ink frequently. Draftsmen worked standing up, keeping the ink on a separate table to avoid spilling ink on the drawing. Developments in

800-458: A synonym for façade, so the "north elevation" is the north-facing wall of the building. A cross section , also simply called a section, represents a vertical plane cut through the object, in the same way as a floor plan is a horizontal section viewed from the top. In the section view, everything cut by the section plane is shown as a bold line, often with a solid fill to show objects that are cut through, and anything seen beyond generally shown in

960-473: A view camera or a perspective control lens is used to eliminate the third vanishing point, so that all the verticals are vertical on the photograph, as with the perspective convention. This can also be done by digital manipulation of a photograph taken with a standard lens. Aerial perspective is a technique in painting, for indicating distance by approximating the effect of the atmosphere on distant objects. In daylight, as an ordinary object gets further from

1120-496: A "handsome" fireplace and a bas relief of the United States' first First Lady , Martha Washington . The library was decorated in a deep-red color scheme and ornamented with dark wood. The parlors, music rooms, tea rooms, and other spaces were designed to fit women's tastes. By 2016, the second floor included a ballroom covering 2,700 square feet (250 m) as well as a terrace of 1,700 square feet (160 m). The roof of

1280-482: A 1991 application to demolish the house and replace it with an AIDS hospice with financing from the photographer Robert Mapplethorpe . Time Magazine was started at 141 East 17th Street. 18th Street has a local subway station at the crossing with Seventh Avenue , served by the 1 (and the 2 at late nights) on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line . There used to be an 18th Street station on

1440-467: A 2000 renovation, a bar and restaurant were created off the lobby. During a renovation in 2011, the hotel's ground floor was gutted, the ceiling was raised, a large glazed-ebony door was installed, and the walls were redecorated with black-and-white photographs of women. After the Martha Washington was renovated again in 2014, a new meeting and event space covering 4,000 square feet (370 m)

1600-616: A barmaid at the Martha Washington in 1962. After the story was published, several people offered Lake money and jobs in the entertainment industry, which she refused; Lake eventually was able to obtain other acting roles. From the 1900s onward, the hotel served as the headquarters of the Interurban Women's Suffrage Council , the International Federation of Business Women , and the Committee on Women's Work of

1760-564: A basis for their working drawings, to establish exact dimensions for the construction work. Surveys are usually measured and drawn up by specialist land surveyors . Historically, architects have made record drawings in order to understand and emulate the great architecture known to them. In the Renaissance, architects from all over Europe studied and recorded the remains of the Roman and Greek civilizations, and used these influences to develop

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1920-448: A buff-and-white color scheme. While the restaurant was open to the general public, there were dining rooms that could only be used by guests and residents. There were several shops, including a milliner/tailor shop, manicurist/podiatrist, shoe shiner, drug store, and newsstand. Next to the restaurant was a writing room and waiting room for men. Over the years, various spaces in the lobby were carved out to make way for storefronts. Following

2080-423: A building construction project: these will include not only architect's drawings, but structural and other engineering drawings as well. Working drawings logically subdivide into location, assembly and component drawings. Formerly, working drawings would typically combine plans, sections, elevations and some details to provide a complete explanation of a building on one sheet. That was possible because little detail

2240-403: A building or group of buildings. A site plan shows property boundaries and means of access to the site, and nearby structures if they are relevant to the design. For a development on an urban site, the site plan may need to show adjoining streets to demonstrate how the design fits into the urban fabric. Within the site boundary, the site plan gives an overview of the entire scope of work. It shows

2400-416: A building proposal prior to detailed design: drawing up a site plan is a tool for deciding both the site layout and the size and orientation of proposed new buildings. A site plan is used to verify that a proposal complies with local development codes, including restrictions on historical sites. In this context the site plan forms part of a legal agreement, and there may be a requirement for it to be drawn up by

2560-414: A building. For example, the construction of a sash window would be left to the carpenter, who would fully understand what was required, but unique decorative details of the façade would be drawn up in detail. In contrast, modern buildings need to be fully detailed because of the proliferation of different products, methods and possible solutions. Perspective in drawing is an approximate representation on

2720-649: A business enterprise rather than as a philanthropic venture. The company issued a prospectus in January 1898 and appointed a board of directors, composed of two women and six men. The next month, the Woman's Hotel Company began selling 10,000 shares at $ 100 each. The firm wished to build a 10- to 12-story hotel in Manhattan with 500 rooms; the company believed that the hotel could pay a 5 percent annual dividend and earn at least $ 150,000 per year, which could be used to fund

2880-653: A chic new look". The hotel building was also depicted in an opening scene for the 1967 movie Valley of the Dolls . The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the hotel as a city landmark on June 19, 2012, and the hotel was inducted into Historic Hotels of America, an official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation , in 2016. Additionally, the National Collaborative for Women's History Sites , in collaboration with

3040-546: A controlling stake in the hotel in 1950 and continued to rent its 450 rooms to women. Sillins planned to sand-blast the facade and renovate the lobby for $ 200,000, and he hired the Bell Maintenance Company to renovate the entrance. The hotel's operators took out a $ 100,000 mortgage loan in 1953. Dick McCarthy and Joseph Rauti of Bay Ridge, Brooklyn , opened a restaurant called the Colonnade Room at

3200-468: A convenient diagram but as a formal presentation technique, adopted in particular by the Modern Movement . Axonometric drawings feature prominently in the influential 1970's drawings of Michael Graves , James Stirling and others, using not only straightforward views but worms-eye view, unusually and exaggerated rotations of the plan, and exploded elements. Detail drawings show a small part of

3360-542: A dead end, just before Avenue B, and runs to Greenwich Avenue, and the third part is from Eighth Avenue to Tenth Avenue . 14th Street is a main numbered street in Manhattan. It begins at Avenue C and ends at West Street. Its length is 3.4 km (2.1 mi). It has six subway stations: From Avenue A or Avenue C to West Street there is service M14A/D bus. At 6th Avenue, there is a PATH stop with service to Midtown Manhattan and New Jersey . Traffic on 15th Street moves from east to west. The street formerly started at

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3520-805: A depth of 197.5 feet (60.2 m). Nearby buildings include the Church of the Transfiguration, Episcopal and the James New York – NoMad to the west, the Emmet Building and 30 East 29th Street to the south, and the Colony Club building to the north. The site was assembled in 1901 from two land lots that had been occupied by the American Female Guardian Society since 1856. The Martha Washington Hotel

3680-410: A different scale is required for different axes , and again this can be calculated but in practice was often simply estimated by eye. Traditional drafting techniques used 30–60 and 45 degree set squares , and that determined the angles used in these views. Once the adjustable square became common those limitations were lifted. The axonometric gained in popularity in the twentieth century, not just as

3840-445: A flat surface of an image as it is perceived by the eye. The key concepts here are: The basic categorization of artificial perspective is by the number of vanishing points: The normal convention in architectural perspective is to use two-point perspective, with all the verticals drawn as verticals on the page. Three-point perspective gives a casual, photographic snapshot effect. In professional architectural photography , conversely,

4000-422: A glass transom window . Two of the outer bays feature marble stoops with metal railings that ascend to the storefronts. The ground floor on 29th Street is similar in design except that the entrances are in the outermost bays. The 29th Street entrances are flanked by pairs of rusticated columns, which support a pediment with a centered cartouche and a finial . On both elevations, the second-story piano nobile

4160-417: A licensed professional: architect, engineer, landscape architect or land surveyor. An elevation is a view of a building seen from one side, a flat representation of one façade . This is the most common view used to describe the external appearance of a building. Each elevation is labelled in relation to the compass direction it faces, e.g. looking toward the north you would be seeing the southern elevation of

4320-426: A liquor license, allowing the Martha Washington to serve wine. The issuance of the liquor license had come at the end of Prohibition , amid an increase in the number of women who wished to drink wine. Julius Manger continued to operate the Martha Washington by himself until his death in 1937. John B. Campbell, the Martha Washington's longtime "house mother", estimated in 1949 that he had served three million women during

4480-590: A majority stake in the hotel from PMG in 2006. During the mid-2000s, the Thirty Thirty operated as a medium-priced hotel with 253 rooms. The hotel was closed in 2011 for renovations, reopening that December. At that time, it was renamed the Hotel Lola, after a fictional character created by the renovation's designer Susan Jaques; this character was based partially on the 19th-century entertainer Lola Montez . The renovation cost $ 15 million, of which $ 12 million

4640-423: A median age of between 45 and 50. Edgar operated the hotel until his death in 1911, and George C. Brown operated the hotel for the next decade. By then, more New Yorkers had come to understand the concept of a women's hotel. The Martha Washington switched to a staff of all-female elevator operators in 1917. A group of investors offered $ 800,000 for the Martha Washington in January 1920, and William and Julius Manger of

4800-497: A metal-sheathed section near the top. The ground floor and second floor piano nobile of both elevations are clad in rusticated blocks of limestone. A string course runs above the ground floor on both elevations. On 30th Street, each of the ground-floor bays is separated by a pier with alternating tan brick and limestone. The entrance on 30th Street is in the center bay, and there are double-height storefronts on either side. The entry doors are made of glass and metal and are topped by

4960-477: A napkin. Initial thoughts are important, even if they have to be discarded along the way, because they provide the central idea around which the design can develop. Although a sketch is inaccurate, it is disposable and allows for freedom of thought, for trying different ideas quickly. Choice becomes sharply reduced once the design is committed to a scale drawing, and the sketch stage is almost always essential. Diagrams are mainly used to resolve practical matters. In

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5120-479: A nighttime curfew, employed security guards, and banned male guests above the lobby. A limited number of men, such as residents' fathers and doctors, could enter the upper stories with supervision. Due to the ban on male visitors, women generally felt safe sleeping even with their doors unlocked. Nonetheless, there were still some reports of illicit activities in the late 20th century, including allegations that employees stole from residents and that prostitutes were using

5280-545: A pedestrian road for a quarter of a block and turns back into a street. Then it runs the rest of the way to 12th Avenue. It runs on the north side of Hudson Yards and the south side of the Empire State Building . 35th Street runs from FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue. Notable locations include East River Ferry , Mercy University Manhattan Campus, and the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center . 36th Street runs from

5440-458: A rough design that provides an adequate response to the particular design problems. There are two basic elements to a building design, the aesthetic and the practical. The aesthetic element includes the layout and visual appearance, the anticipated feel of the materials, and cultural references that will influence the way people perceive the building. Practical concerns include space allocated for different activities, how people enter and move around

5600-532: A sharp increase in the number of asylum seekers traveling to the city. At the time, there were 250 rooms; the hotel began accommodating families with children, and it stopped accepting reservations. Danny Meyer closed his restaurants at the Redbury that month, citing delays in the full reopening of the hotel and the migrant crisis. The poet Sara Teasdale stayed at the hotel during her New York visits from 1913 onward, and actress Louise Brooks relocated there from

5760-447: A sheet showing a plan together with the principal façade. Drawings intended to explain a scheme and to promote its merits. Working drawings may include tones or hatches to emphasize different materials, but they are diagrams, not intended to appear realistic. Basic presentation drawings typically include people, vehicles and trees, taken from a library of such images, and are otherwise very similar in style to working drawings. Rendering

5920-445: A shift to drawing on tracing paper so that mechanical copies could be run off efficiently. The development of the computer had a major impact on the methods used to design and create technical drawings, making manual drawing almost obsolete, and opening up new possibilities of form using organic shapes and complex geometry. Today the vast majority of drawings are created using CAD software. The oldest architectural elevation drawing

6080-632: A site near Madison Avenue . In January 1901, it acquired the Female Guardian Society's building at 29 East 29th Street (just east of Madison Avenue), extending through the block to 30th Street. The firm planned to begin construction in June 1901, when the society's lease expired, and to finish the hotel by late 1902. Robert W. Gibson was hired as the architect in April 1901, following an architectural design competition . Gibson filed plans for

6240-441: A square tower topped by a striking gilded pyramid. Twenty-Seventh Street passes one block north of Madison Square Park and culminates at Bellevue Hospital on First Avenue . The segment of 27th Street east of Second Avenue is a pedestrian mall and passes through Bellevue South Park . There are three local subway stations on 28th Street: Also: 30th Street runs uninterrupted across the island from 12th Avenue to FDR Drive. It

6400-413: A strike in mid-1903; tipping was banned completely the next June. The Martha Washington also originally banned liquor sales, though some tenants were requesting the addition of a bar by early 1904. The novelty of an all-female clientele prompted one person to write to The New York Times , complaining about the presence of "observation automobiles" near the hotel. Delays in the hotel's construction had forced

6560-509: A thinner line. Sections are used to describe the relationship between different levels of a building. In the Observatorium drawing illustrated here, the section shows the dome which can be seen from the outside, a second dome that can only be seen inside the building, and the way the space between the two accommodates a large astronomical telescope: relationships that would be difficult to understand from plans alone. A sectional elevation

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6720-469: A two-story base and ten-story upper section, with a recessed top floor. The hotel originally contained several amenity areas for guests on the lower two stories, including a lobby, dining rooms, reception rooms, and ballroom. Generally men were only permitted to enter the ground-level spaces and some of the second-story spaces. The upper stories originally contained 200 short-term guest rooms and 400 long-term residences, which were downsized to 250 hotel rooms by

6880-415: A white and middle-class clientele. At opening, there were 500 residents and 250 temporary guests, and the waiting list had 200 names. Daily fees for single rooms ranged from $ 1 to $ 2, while weekly rent for apartments was between $ 3 and $ 17. Unmarried women could rent rooms from day-to-day or for longer terms, with an average rent of $ 1.50 per day. Guests could also pay $ 6 per week for unlimited meals under what

7040-567: A women's hotel. When the Martha Washington Hotel was being developed in 1901, a "woman prominent in sociological work" said that nine out of ten working women lived apart from their families. The Woman's Hotel Company was established in 1897 by Charles Day Kellogg , a member of the Charity Organization Society, which was created specifically to erect hotels for businesswomen. The hotel was intended as

7200-422: Is a combination of a cross section, with elevations of other parts of the building seen beyond the section plane. Geometrically, a cross section is a horizontal orthographic projection of a building on to a vertical plane, with the vertical plane cutting through the building. Isometric and axonometric projections are a simple way of representing a three dimensional object, keeping the elements to scale and showing

7360-403: Is a large cornice above the eleventh story, with modillions and dentils. There are terracotta panels on the twelfth story. When the hotel first opened it contained advanced mechanical equipment for its time, such as elevators, mail chutes , steam heating, and electric lighting. Every room had natural light exposure; the hotel did not have any interior light courts. Visitors of any sex could use

7520-553: Is a pedestrian plaza between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue , and ends at Madison. Then West 24th and 25th streets continue from Fifth Avenue to Eleventh Avenue (25th) or Twelfth Avenue (24th). 26th Street is all in one part and after reaching FDR Drive bends and runs parallel to FDR Drive up to 30th Street. 27th Street is a one-way street that runs from Second Avenue to the West Side Highway with an interruption between Eighth Avenue and Tenth Avenue . It

7680-472: Is also a lobby lounge next to the elevators near the entrance. The hotel has a fitness center as well. The second story had a tenant-only dining room, as well as several private reception rooms, when the hotel opened in 1903. Some of the reception rooms could be combined for major events. The second floor also had a library patterned after the one in George Washington's estate, Mount Vernon , with

7840-499: Is alternatively known as Police Officer Anthony Sanchez Way. Along the northern perimeter of Gramercy Park, between Gramercy Park East and Gramercy Park West, 21st Street is known as Gramercy Park North. 23rd Street is another main numbered street in Manhattan. It begins at Avenue C/FDR Drive and ends at Eleventh Avenue. Its length is 3.1 km/1.9m. It has two-way travel. On 23rd Street there are five local subway stations providing uptown and downtown service only: Additionally, there

8000-452: Is called St Mark's Place, but it is counted in the length below. The M8 bus route operates eastbound on 8th Street and westbound on 9th Street between Avenue A and Sixth Avenue. 8th Street has one subway station: Eighth Street–New York University , served by the N , R and W Trains. ( N late nights and weekends, R all times except late nights, and W all times except late nights and weekends.) Amos, Hammond, and Troy Streets were in

8160-400: Is chosen both to ensure the whole building will fit on the chosen sheet size and to show the required amount of detail. On the scale of one-eighth of an inch to one foot (1:96) or the metric equivalent of 1 to 100, walls are typically shown as simple outlines corresponding to the overall thickness. At a larger scale, half an inch to one foot (1:24) or the nearest common metric equivalent 1 to 20,

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8320-454: Is clad with brick and contains stone quoins around the windows. The three center windows of the second story have stone balustrades at their bottoms, as well as round arches with keystones at their tops. The four outer windows on that story contain rectangular openings surrounded by terracotta key patterns. The lowest parts of the outer windows are clad with stone panels, while the upper sections are topped by lintels with splayed keystones. Above

8480-424: Is demarcated at Broadway below 8th Street , and at Fifth Avenue at 8th Street and above. The numbered streets carry crosstown traffic. In general, but with numerous exceptions, even-numbered streets are one-way eastbound and odd-numbered streets are one-way westbound. Most wider streets, and a few of the narrow ones, carry two-way traffic. Although the numbered streets begin just north of East Houston Street in

8640-472: Is for pedestrians only and resumes at Szold Place, which runs from north to south toward 10th Street as a continuation of the flow of traffic from East 12th Street which runs east to west from Avenue D to Szold Place. Additionally, Little West 12th Street runs parallel to West 13th Street from West Street to the northeast corner of Ninth Avenue and Gansevoort Street. 13th Street is in three parts. The first runs from Avenue C to Avenue D. The second starts at

8800-538: Is interrupted by Union Square It picks up again at Union Square West, and continues unimpeded to Eleventh Avenue at the Hudson River. Sights along 15th Street include: the southern border of Stuyvesant Square ; the landmarked Friends Meeting House and Seminary at Rutherford Place; Irving Plaza at Irving Place ; the Daryl Roth Theatre in the landmarked Union Square Savings Bank Building, across

8960-506: Is most noted for its strip between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues , known as Club Row because it features numerous nightclubs and lounges. Some of the most notable venues are Bungalow 8 , Marquee, Suzie Wong, Cain, and Pink Elephant. Since 2011, starting at 530 W. 27th and continuing down almost the entire rest of the block, the former warehouse spaces of clubs Twilo , Guesthouse, Home, Bed, and more have been repurposed by British immersive theater group Punchdrunk as The McKittrick Hotel,

9120-594: Is realistically workable. Sizes are determined by a consistent paper size system, according to local usage. Normally the largest paper size used in modern architectural practice is ISO A0 (841 mm × 1,189 mm or 33.1 in × 46.8 in) or in the USA Arch E (762 mm × 1,067 mm or 30 in × 42 in) or Large E size (915 mm × 1,220 mm or 36 in × 48 in). Architectural drawings are drawn to scale so that relative sizes are correctly represented. The scale

9280-482: Is the M23 Select Bus Service , running through the length of 23rd Street. 24th Street is in three parts. A small portion of 24th Street exists between First Avenue and East Midtown Plaza ending at a dead end before Second Avenue, a second portion is between East Midtown Plaza and Madison Avenue , ending because of Madison Square Park . 25th Street, which is in three parts, starts at FDR Drive ,

9440-426: Is the art of adding surface textures and shadows to show the visual qualities of a building more realistically. An architectural illustrator or graphic designer may be employed to prepare specialist presentation images, usually perspectives or highly finished site plans, floor plans and elevations etc. Measured drawings of existing land, structures and buildings. Architects need an accurate set of survey drawings as

9600-498: Is the most fundamental architectural diagram , a view from above showing the arrangement of spaces in a building in the same way as a map , but showing the arrangement at a particular level of a building. Technically it is a horizontal section cut through a building (conventionally at four feet / one metre and twenty centimetres above floor level), showing walls, windows and door openings, and other features at that level. The plan view includes anything that could be seen below that level:

9760-832: Is the southern terminus of Dyer Avenue and thus also of the Lincoln Tunnel 's eastern approach. There is also an elevator with access to the High Line on the West Side. Tisch Hospital is bounded on the south by 30th Street between 1st Avenue and FDR Drive. 31st Street begins on the West Side at the West Side Yard , while 32nd Street, which includes a segment officially known as Korea Way between Fifth Avenue and Broadway in Manhattan's Koreatown , begins at

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9920-533: The Algonquin Hotel . The editor Louise E. Dew was a resident as well. Jean H. Norris , the first female magistrate in New York state, also lived in the hotel in the early 20th century. Although a 10-room suite at the hotel was renovated for socialite Consuelo Vanderbilt in 1907, she never lived there. Veronica Lake , one of Hollywood's most prominent actresses in the 1940s, was found to be working as

10080-507: The Bowery . Peretz Square, a small triangular sliver park where Houston Street, First Street and First Avenue meet marks the spot where the grid takes hold. East 2nd Street begins just north of East Houston Street at Avenue C and also continues to the Bowery. The east end of East 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 7th streets is Avenue D , with East 6th Street continuing further eastward and connecting to

10240-517: The East River . In 2009, the two-way section of 10th Street between Avenue A and the East River had bicycle markings and sharrows installed, but it still has no dedicated bike lane. West 10th Street was previously named Amos Street for Charles Christopher Amos, who is also the namesake of Charles Street and Christopher Street . The end of West 10th Street toward the Hudson River was once

10400-523: The East Village , they generally do not extend west into Greenwich Village , which already had established, named streets when the grid plan was laid out by the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 . Some streets in that area that do continue farther west change direction before reaching the Hudson River. The highest numbered street on Manhattan Island is 220th Street, but Marble Hill is also within

10560-731: The FDR Drive , but most of the street between the Drive and Avenue C was permanently closed, as was the 15th Street exit from the Drive, after the September 11 attacks , due to the presence of the Con Edison East River Generating Station there. Only Con Edison personnel have access to the closed portion. The street is then interrupted by Stuyvesant Town from Avenue C to First Avenue . It then continues to Union Square East (Park Avenue South) where it

10720-552: The FDR Drive . The west end of most of these streets is the Bowery and Third Avenue , except for 3rd Street (formerly Amity Place), which continues to Sixth Avenue ; and 4th Street, which extends west and then north to 13th Street in Greenwich Village . Great Jones Street connects East 3rd to West 3rd. East 5th Street goes west to Cooper Square, but is interrupted between Avenues B and C by The Earth School and Public School 364, and between First Avenue and Avenue A by

10880-540: The Greenwich Village street grid and continue to West Street on the Hudson River . Because West 4th Street turns northward at Sixth Avenue, it intersects 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th streets in the West Village . The M8 bus operates on 10th Street in both directions between Avenue D and Avenue A , and eastbound between West Street and Sixth Avenue. 10th Street has an eastbound bike lane from West Street to

11040-817: The High Line near Tenth Avenue ; Chelsea Market between Ninth and Tenth Avenues; the Google Building between Eighth and Ninth Avenues; the row houses at 5, 7, 9, 17, 19, 21 & 23 West 16th Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues; the Bank of the Metropolis at Union Square West; and St. George's Church at Rutherford Place. 16th Street is 1.8 mi (2.9 km) long. 17th, 18th and 19th streets start at First Avenue and finish at Eleventh Avenue. On 17th Street ( 40°44′08″N 73°59′12″W  /  40.735532°N 73.986575°W  / 40.735532; -73.986575 ), traffic runs one way along

11200-426: The Hudson River , rather than with the cardinal directions . Thus, the majority of the Manhattan grid's "west" is approximately 29 degrees north of true west; the angle differs above 155th Street, where the grid initially ended. The grid now covers the length of the island from 14th Street north. All numbered streets carry an East or West prefix – for example, East 10th Street or West 10th Street – which

11360-557: The IRT Lexington Avenue Line at the crossing with Park Avenue South . This street is home to the IAC Building , designed by Frank Gehry . 19th Street travels west for most of its length, except between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues the travel direction is reversed and traffic flows east. 20th Street starts at Avenue C, and 21st and 22nd Streets begin at First Avenue. They all end at Eleventh Avenue. Travel on

11520-485: The New York City Council later passed an amendment exempting single-sex residential hotels from the law. Occupancy had declined to 65 percent by 1979. The New York Times described the lobby as "dark and drab", having been downsized to make way for stores, and the bedrooms as having "chipping paint and worn bedspreads". By then, the hotel's owner Martha Washington Associates was spending $ 500,000 to repair

11680-489: The New-York Tribune said that "the last touch of philanthropy has disappeared from the Martha Washington". The hotel was profitable by 1906, when its directors decided to discontinue the "American plan" meals due to low patronage. Internal disputes prompted the Martha Washington's directors to consider leasing the hotel out during late 1906; some dissenters, including Charles Kellogg's daughter Lucy, wanted to assume

11840-479: The Old Grapevine tavern from the 1700s to its demolition in the early 20th century. 12th Street is in two parts. Traffic on most of 12th Street runs from west to east. The first segment of West 12th Street runs southwest to northeast from West Street to Greenwich Street, then turns straight west to east. At Fifth Avenue, West 12th Street becomes East 12th Street, and ends at Avenue C. One block of 12th Street

12000-799: The Republican National Committee . In subsequent years, the hotel also hosted organizations such as the American Gold Star Mothers in the 1940s. When the Martha Washington opened, Catherine King of the New York World wrote that "when you go in   ... you are instantly reminded of a Martha Washington fichu " and that the hotel was "a sort of beautiful, well-behaved haven where the women who now languish in boarding houses and haven't quite compassed apartments can go to live—and more". The hotel's exclusivity led The Christian Science Monitor to liken

12160-520: The William G. Pomeroy Foundation , placed the hotel on the National Votes for Women Trail in 2022. 29th Street (Manhattan) The New York City borough of Manhattan contains 214 numbered east–west streets ranging from 1st to 228th, the majority of them designated in the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 . These streets do not run exactly east–west, because the grid plan is aligned with

12320-409: The acronym CAD) is the use of computer software to create drawings. Today the vast majority of technical drawings of all kinds are made using CAD. Instead of drawing lines on paper, the computer records equivalent information electronically. There are many advantages to this system: repetition is reduced because complex elements can be copied, duplicated and stored for re-use. Errors can be deleted, and

12480-455: The 2020s. The Woman's Hotel Company was established in 1897 and sought to identify a site and raise money over the following four years. Construction began in mid-1901, and the Martha Washington Hotel opened on March 1, 1903, as both a hotel and a long-term residence. Though there was initially high demand for the Martha Washington's rooms, the hotel's owners struggled to raise money and leased it out beginning in 1907. The Manger family operated

12640-412: The 20th century included the parallel motion drawing board, as well as more complex improvements on the basic T-square. The development of reliable technical drawing pens allowed for faster drafting and stenciled lettering. Letraset dry transfer lettering and half-tone sheets were popular from the 1970s until computers made those processes obsolete. Computer-aided design (generally referred to by

12800-570: The Bell Apartment Hotel Company bought the hotel the same month. The Northern Hotel Company held a long-term lease on the hotel at the time, but the company subleased the hotel to the Mangers that March. The Mangers jointly operated the Martha Washington until William's death in 1928, upon which William's share in the hotel was transferred to his brother and to a trust fund created for his relatives. By 1930, an auditor for

12960-494: The Bell Securities Company, the holding corporation that owned the hotel, had said that the Martha Washington's future was "extremely limited" because of decreased salaries and profits. The Boone Securities Corporation, a subsidiary of Manger Hotels , bought the hotel at an auction in 1933, bidding $ 10,000 and taking over a $ 450,000 mortgage. Later the same year, the hotel's general manager E. J. Carroll obtained

13120-582: The COVID-19 pandemic and became a temporary shelter for migrants in 2023. The Martha Washington Hotel is located at 27–31 East 29th Street in the NoMad neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City . The hotel occupies the center of a city block bounded by Madison Avenue to the west, 30th Street to the north, Park Avenue South to the east, and 29th Street to the south. The land lot is rectangular and measures 14,812 square feet (1,376.1 m), with frontage of 75 feet (23 m) on 29th and 30th Streets and

13280-662: The FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue. It runs on the south side of the Queens–Midtown Tunnel's Manhattan entrance/exit and over the Lincoln Tunnel's Manhattan entrance/exit. Notable locations on 36th Street are the American Copper Buildings , Sniffen Court , The Morgan Library & Museum , Gotham Hall, and the Javits Center . 37th Street runs from the FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue. It runs on

13440-480: The Greenwich Village street grid before 1811. In the middle 19th century they were renamed as the western parts of West 10th, 11th and 12th Streets, respectively. 10th Street ( 40°44′03″N 74°00′11″W  /  40.7342580°N 74.0029670°W  / 40.7342580; -74.0029670 ) begins at the FDR Drive and Avenue C . West of Sixth Avenue , it turns southward about 40 degrees to join

13600-487: The Javits Center. Elevation (architecture) Architectural drawings are made according to a set of conventions , which include particular views ( floor plan , section etc.), sheet sizes, units of measurement and scales, annotation and cross referencing. Historically, drawings were made in ink on paper or similar material, and any copies required had to be laboriously made by hand. The twentieth century saw

13760-572: The Martha Washington Hotel. Scheetz said he "wanted the hotel to be more upscale", and he hired Annabelle Selldorf to redesign the interiors. The $ 20 million project involved renovating all of the hotel's rooms, adding space for three restaurants, and moving the main entrance to 29th Street. By then, the hotel still had about 50 residents. The renovation was completed in September 2014, and the Marta pizzeria opened later that year. Chelsea Hotels placed

13920-504: The Martha Washington from 1920 to 1948, and the Sillins Hotel Corporation operated the hotel from 1950 to 1997. The hotel was converted to a mixed-sex tourist hotel in 1998 and, after a renovation, was renamed the Thirty Thirty in 2000. The hotel was further renovated in 2011, 2014, 2016, and 2019, undergoing several name and ownership changes during that decade. As The Redbury New York, it saw decreased patronage during

14080-431: The Martha Washington functioned as a single room occupancy building. It had been among the last women's hotels in Manhattan that were unaffiliated with a house of worship or a school. The owners had failed to pay taxes for several years and owed $ 160,000 in back taxes by 2000. Property Markets Group (PMG) bought the Martha Washington and Allerton hotels from Sillins in 1997. The group, which paid around $ 18 million for

14240-415: The Martha Washington to a women's club in 1910. The hotel was not noted for its design; architectural critic Christopher Gray wrote in 2012 that "the Martha Washington certainly does have a 'special character'—a requirement for landmark designation—even if that character lies in its history, not its architecture." After the hotel was renamed the Thirty Thirty in 2000, a Washington Post critic wrote that

14400-519: The Martha Washington up for sale in March 2015. The hotel was sold that November for $ 158 million to CIM, which planned to rebrand the hotel as the Redbury New York following a second renovation. The following year, CIM renamed the hotel the Redbury New York, and hospitality group SBE took over the hotel's management. Dakota Development and Avenue Interiors redesigned the guest rooms. The hotel

14560-523: The Martha Washington, announced plans to convert it to a co-ed tourist hotel, saying the hotel was "underused". At the time, three-fourths of the bedrooms were empty, and most had no bathrooms. The hotel closed for renovations in August 1998 and stopped accepting new guests, although 153 long-term residents were allowed to remain there. The Martha Washington began accepting male guests that October. Many existing female residents objected, with one resident calling

14720-483: The Redbury began serving medical professionals. The hotel was otherwise closed to the general public for much of 2020, but patronage did not fully recover after pandemic-era restrictions were lifted. Danny Meyer moved his Maialino restaurant to the Redbury in late 2022. In August 2023, the New York City government began to use the hotel as temporary migrant housing, amid a citywide migrant housing crisis caused by

14880-483: The United States and from Europe. An article in the Star-Gazette described the Martha Washington's clientele as including "a large number of literary women", as well as students, a YWCA manager, painters, advertisers, and accountants. Shortly after the Martha Washington opened, Helen Gould lent 55 paintings and 7 sculptures to the hotel for decoration. Initially, guests failed to tip the waitresses, leading to

15040-513: The Village View Apartments. East 6th Street contains many Indian restaurants between First and Second Avenues and is sometimes known as Curry Row . 8th and 9th streets run parallel to each other, beginning at Avenue D, interrupted by Tompkins Square Park at Avenue B , resuming at Avenue A and continuing to Sixth Avenue. West 8th Street is an important local shopping street. 8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue

15200-486: The Women's Hotel Company. The hotel's namesake, Martha Washington , was the first First Lady of the United States . It is a New York City designated landmark . The facade is largely made of brick and stone and contains classical design elements such as brackets , dentils , ornate lintels , quoins , and rustication . On both 29th and 30th Streets, the facade is divided vertically into seven bays and horizontally into

15360-417: The architecture of the period. Records are made both individually, for local purposes, and on a large scale for publication. Historic surveys worth referring to include: Record drawings are also used in construction projects, where "as-built" conditions of the completed building are documented to take account of all the variations made during the course of construction. A comprehensive set of drawings used in

15520-681: The borough of Manhattan, so the highest street number in the borough is 228th Street. The numbering system continues in the Bronx , up to 263rd Street, though east of Van Cortlandt Park the system ends at 243rd Street. The lowest numbered street in Manhattan is East 1st Street, which runs through Alphabet City near East Houston Street . There are also three streets numbered as First, Second and Third Place in Battery Park City . Download coordinates as: East 1st Street begins just north of East Houston Street at Avenue A and continues to

15680-404: The building, daylight and artificial lighting, acoustics, traffic noise, legal matters and building codes, and many other issues. While both aspects are partly a matter of customary practice, every site is different. Many architects actively seek innovation, thereby increasing the number of problems to be resolved. Architectural legend often refers to designs made on the back of an envelope or on

15840-399: The building. Buildings are rarely a simple rectangular shape in plan, so a typical elevation may show all the parts of the building that are seen from a particular direction. Geometrically, an elevation is a horizontal orthographic projection of a building onto a vertical plane, the vertical plane normally being parallel to one side of the building. Architects also use the word elevation as

16000-412: The buildings (if any) already existing and those that are proposed, usually as a building footprint; roads, parking lots, footpaths, hard landscaping , trees, and planting. For a construction project, the site plan also needs to show all the services connections: drainage and sewer lines, water supply, electrical and communications cables, exterior lighting, etc. Site plans are commonly used to represent

16160-479: The city were the Working Women's Home at 45 Elizabeth Street , developed in the 1850s, as well as a women's hotel developed by A. T. Stewart on Park Avenue , developed in 1869. Through the 19th century, most of the city's hotels refused to admit single women at night. Between 60,000 and 70,000 businesswomen lived in the city by 1899, when philanthropist Grace Hoadley Dodge estimated that 10,000 women needed

16320-420: The construction at a larger scale, to show how the component parts fit together. They are also used to show small surface details, for example decorative elements. Section drawings at large scale are a standard way of showing building construction details, typically showing complex junctions (such as floor to wall junction, window openings, eaves and roof apex) that cannot be clearly shown on a drawing that includes

16480-531: The corner of Broadway and West 31st Street is the Grand Hotel . The former Hotel Pierrepont was located at 43 West 32nd Street, The Continental NYC tower is at the corner of Sixth Avenue and 32nd Street. 29 East 32nd Street was the location of the first building owned by the Grolier Club between 1890 and 1917. 33rd Street runs uninterrupted from First Avenue to Seventh Avenue where it turns into

16640-437: The design. The two primary elevations of the facade , on 29th Street to the south and 30th Street to the north, are very similar to one another. Both elevations rise twelve stories from the ground and are divided vertically into seven bays ; the top stories are recessed from the street. The western elevation is partially visible and is made of plain brick with one-over-one sash windows , a recessed exterior light court , and

16800-540: The development of other hotels. In addition, the rooms were to be rented to "self-supporting women" such as artists, teachers, authors, and clerks, who were to pay between $ 3 and $ 8 a week. Although enough women expressed interest in the hotel to fill it to capacity before it opened, the Spanish–American War and slow fundraising delayed the hotel's construction. The company wanted to raise $ 400,000 but had obtained only $ 150,000 by October 1899, which rose to $ 200,000 by

16960-669: The early phases of the design architects use diagrams to develop, explore, and communicate ideas and solutions. They are essential tools for thinking, problem solving, and communication in the design disciplines. Diagrams can be used to resolve spatial relationships, but they can also represent forces and flows, e.g. the forces of sun and wind, or the flows of people and materials through a building. An exploded view diagram shows component parts dis-assembled in some way, so that each can be seen on its own. These views are common in technical manuals, but are also used in architecture, either in conceptual diagrams or to illustrate technical details. In

17120-666: The entrance to Penn Station and Madison Square Garden . On the East Side , both streets end at Second Avenue at Kips Bay Towers and NYU Medical Center which occupy the area between 30th and 34th streets. The Catholic church of St. Francis of Assisi is situated at 135–139 West 31st Street. At 210 West is the Capuchin Monastery of St. John the Baptist, part of St. John the Baptist Church on 30th Street. At

17280-431: The exterior staircases to conduct business. The New York City government enacted a law in 1970 that banned gender discrimination in public places, and the city's Human Rights Commission ruled in 1972 that hotels were not exempt from this law. As such, the city ordered the Martha Washington to start accepting male guests beginning in 1973. Amid opposition from figures such as New York City Council president Sanford Garelik ,

17440-466: The eye, its contrast with the background is reduced, its color saturation is reduced, and its color becomes more blue. Not to be confused with aerial view or bird's eye view, which is the view as seen (or imagined) from a high vantage point. In J M Gandy's perspective of the Bank of England (see illustration at the beginning of this article), Gandy portrayed the building as a picturesque ruin in order to show

17600-428: The final image is intended to be almost indistinguishable from a photograph. A sketch is a rapidly executed freehand drawing, a quick way to record and develop an idea, not intended as a finished work. A diagram could also be drawn freehand but deals with symbols, to develop the logic of a design. Both can be worked up into a more presentable form and used to communicate the principles of a design. In architecture,

17760-449: The finished work is expensive and time consuming, so it is important to resolve the design as fully as possible before construction work begins. Complex modern buildings involve a large team of different specialist disciplines, and communication at the early design stages is essential to keep the design moving towards a coordinated outcome. Architects (and other designers) start investigating a new design with sketches and diagrams, to develop

17920-417: The floor, stairs (but only up to the plan level), fittings, and sometimes furniture. Objects above the plan level (e.g. beams overhead) can be indicated as dashed lines. Geometrically, plan view is defined as a vertical orthographic projection of an object onto a horizontal plane, with the horizontal plane cutting through the building. A site plan is a specific type of plan, showing the whole context of

18080-453: The full height of the building. A full set of construction details needs to show plan details as well as vertical section details. One detail is seldom produced in isolation: a set of details shows the information needed to understand the construction in three dimensions. Typical scales for details are 1/10, 1/5 and full size. In traditional construction, many details were so fully standardized, that few detail drawings were required to construct

18240-506: The guestrooms were awarded to Molka Kellogg, the daughter of Charles Kellogg, along with Clara Davidge, the daughter of Episcopal bishop Henry C. Potter . All work was complete by February 5, 1903, when hotel officials planned to open the guestrooms for public inspection; the structure had cost $ 800,000 to complete. The formal opening was initially set for February 15. The Martha Washington Hotel opened on March 1, 1903, serving both long-term residents and short-term guests; it aimed to attract

18400-401: The home of Newgate Prison, New York City's first prison and the United States' second. 11th Street is in two parts. It is interrupted by the block containing Grace Church between Broadway and Fourth Avenue . East 11th Street runs from Fourth Avenue to Avenue C and runs past Webster Hall . West 11th Street runs from Broadway to West Street. 11th Street and Sixth Avenue was the location of

18560-417: The hotel as a whole had custom-designed furniture such as double-faced bookcases, as well as appliances such as electric alarms. Smaller rooms had sofa beds , while larger units contained standard beds. When the Martha Washington was renovated into a co-ed tourist hotel in 2000 the rooms were rearranged. Sources disagree on whether the hotel had 370, 350, or 262 units. The rooms were small and plain in design;

18720-466: The hotel contained a terrace that could be converted into a "summer garden and promenade" with awnings and hammocks. Originally the top ten stories of the hotel comprised about 200 short-term guest rooms and 400 long-term residences, starting at the third floor. These were available in both single-room and multi-room en suite configurations. Each story held between 40 and 50 units and had a reception room. The 12th floor contained employee bedrooms, while

18880-731: The hotel in 1961. The restaurant, seating 250 guests, contained a cocktail lounge. A nightclub called the High Life Room opened at the hotel in April 1967. The nightclub, described as looking "somewhat like a Moorish courtyard", was placed within the hotel's former ballroom. By the early 1970s, the Martha Washington was one of four women's hotels in the city, along with the Allerton Hotel for Women , Barbizon Hotel , and East End Hotel . The Martha Washington's clientele consisted mostly of students and young professionals, and its occupancy rate averaged 80 to 90 percent. The hotel enforced

19040-441: The hotel in June, with an estimated cost of $ 350,000. The Louis Weber Building Company was hired as the general contractor, while John W. Rapp received a fireproofing contract. By September, the existing structures on the hotel's site had been demolished. At the end of 1901, the Woman's Hotel Company announced that the hotel would be named after Martha Washington. James Case was hired as the hotel's manager. The contracts for decorating

19200-471: The hotel was hard to find despite its new name, the staff were confused, and the hotel as a whole was "rough-hewn". The critic described the lobby as "well polished" but said that the guestrooms were only "slightly larger than a janitor's closet [and] are awash in the brown/green side of the Crayola box". Following the 2011 renovation, a critic for ABC News wrote: "We find the check-in process disorganized and

19360-400: The hotel's directors to cover initial expenses using their own money; by January 1904, they reported that the hotel's only income came from short-term guests. The Martha Washington hired its first female elevator operator in early 1904; that year, the hotel replaced the bellboys with female bellhops and fired the male waiters. After the minimum room rate was raised to $ 12 per week in late 1905,

19520-425: The hotel's management. At the time, the Women's Hotel Company had not paid a dividend in five years, and there were disagreements over expenses. In January 1907, Arthur W. Edgar leased the hotel for 10 years. Edgar agreed to pay $ 507,000, continue operating the hotel for women only, and rent at least 25 rooms for no more than $ 1 a day. According to the 1910 United States census , residents were generally well-off with

19680-453: The hotel's managers did not want. Originally, the hotel employed male bellhops and elevator operators , as the managers felt that women could not physically carry luggage. The mail clerk and the 15-member cooking team were also men, but the hotel also had waitresses and female clerks, bookkeepers, and cashiers. The hotel hired 50 waitresses and 30 chambermaids initially, although male waiters were hired in 1903. Early guests hailed from across

19840-427: The internal plan arrangement, a precursor of the cutaway view. A montage image is produced by superimposing a perspective image of a building on to a photographic background. Care is needed to record the position from which the photograph was taken, and to generate the perspective using the same viewpoint. This technique is popular in computer visualization, where the building can be photorealistically rendered, and

20000-473: The last block of the 20th, 21st, and 22nd streets, between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, is in the opposite direction than it is on the rest of the respective street. 20th Street is very wide from the Avenue C to First Avenue. Along the southern perimeter of Gramercy Park , between Gramercy Park East and Gramercy Park West, 20th Street is known as Gramercy Park South. Between Second and Third Avenues, 21st Street

20160-515: The last week of December. Two hundred fifty prominent New Yorkers, including William Colford Schermerhorn , John D. Rockefeller , Olivia Sage , and Helen Gould , contributed to the Women's Hotel Company's fundraising effort, which had raised $ 300,000 by the beginning of 1900. When the Women's Hotel Company was incorporated in March 1900, a building committee was appointed to review potential sites; subscriptions had reached $ 350,000 by that June. The company announced in September that it had identified

20320-434: The latter part of the 20th century, all architectural drawings were manually produced, if not by the architects, then by trained (but less skilled) draftsmen (or drafters ), who did not generate the design, but did make many of the less important decisions. This system has continued with CAD drafting: many design architects have little or no knowledge of CAD software programmes, relying upon others to take their designs beyond

20480-416: The layers of different materials that make up the wall construction are shown. Construction details are drawn to a larger scale, in some cases full size (1 to 1 scale). Scale drawings enable dimensions to be "read" off the drawing, i.e. measured directly. Imperial scales (feet and inches) are equally readable using an ordinary ruler. On a one-eighth inch to one-foot scale drawing, the one-eighth divisions on

20640-446: The middle bay contains three-part windows, some of which are arranged as Palladian windows . The remaining bays have stone windowsills and are topped by lintels with key or splayed patterns. There are decorative spandrel panels above the three central third-story windows, and there are terracotta lunettes above the five central fourth-story windows. On the ninth story of both elevations there are balconettes with iron railings in front of

20800-448: The modern minimalist room, with gray carpeting and no pictures on the wall, stark and sterile. And our tiny bathroom is unheated." When the Redbury opened in 2016, The Telegraph praised the hotel's central location and food service, but criticized the styling and said the Redbury "is a bit short on amenities". U.S. News & World Report stated that "the hotel features a contemporary ambiance with updated guest accommodations sporting

20960-638: The neighborhoods and are reluctant to take an apartment right away". The first-floor ballroom hosted the Danceteria nightclub, which opened in May 1991 and operated until 1993; during this time, there were many reports of illegal drug use. Afterward, the Danceteria space was converted into a club called the Melting Pot, which had three bars, then became a mosque by 1998. Toward the end of the 20th century,

21120-550: The new policy "a rapist's dream" because men could crawl into residents' bathrooms through the fire escapes. By the end of 1998, the Martha Washington was a standard tourist hotel; it was one of several residential hotels in the city that had been converted into tourist hotels at the end of the 20th century. PMG undertook further renovations in 2000, spending about $ 49 million to upgrade the hotel. Kevin Maloney of PMG agreed to upgrade 83 tenants' rooms and allow them to continue paying

21280-732: The north side of the Queens–Midtown Tunnel's Manhattan entrance/exit and over the Lincoln Tunnel's Manhattan entrance/exit. Notable locations on 37th Street are the Corinthian, the Morgan Library & Museum , Gotham Hall, and the Javits Center . 38th Street runs from FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue. It runs on the south side of the Lincoln Tunnel's Manhattan entrance/exit. Notable Locations on 38th Street are The Corinthian , The Town House Hotel, 425 Fifth Avenue , and

21440-420: The other side of the park at Union Square East (Park Avenue South), but is shortly stopped again by Stuyvesant Square from between Second and Third Avenues (Rutherford Place) to between First and Second Avenues (Perlman Place). At First Avenue, it is interrupted by Stuyvesant Town , and starts up again at Avenue C . It then dead ends between that avenue and the FDR Drive . Sights on 16th Street include:

21600-431: The outermost bays and the three center windows. All of the ninth-story windows have terracotta lintels. On the tenth story the windows are rectangular and have lintels with splayed patterns. Above the tenth-story windows are keystones with brackets, as well as terracotta corbels , above which runs a horizontal terracotta string course. The eleventh story contains a facade of terracotta panels, interspersed with windows; there

21760-511: The partners' 14 properties, including the King & Grove New York. Danny Meyer announced in October 2013 that he would open a restaurant at the King & Grove New York, and he outlined plans the next year for a wood-fired pizzeria. Scheetz announced in May 2014 that King & Grove would be rebranded as Chelsea Hotels and that the King & Grove New York would be renovated and renamed back to

21920-597: The preceding 22 years. Julius Manger's son, Julius Manger Jr., sold the Martha Washington and two adjoining low-rise buildings in February 1948 to a syndicate represented by Schiff, Dorfman, Stein, and Brof. The buyers quickly resold the hotel to its managing director Edward Tilson and hotelier Sol Henkind. At the time, the hotel had 445 guest units, a restaurant, and five stores, while the adjacent buildings included four apartments, three stores, and some dormitories. The Sillins Hotel Corporation, led by Robert B. Sillins, bought

22080-462: The property, and most residents were still relatively young, being between 25 and 40 years old. In 1982, the Chicago Tribune described the hotel as having 451 rooms and a female manager, although it did hire some male staff such as bellhops, clerks, and engineers. At the time, there was high demand for the hotel; its manager Janis Algar said that "a lot of women from out of town don't know

22240-421: The relationship between several sides of the same object, so that the complexities of a shape can be clearly understood. There is some confusion over the distinction between the terms isometric and axonometric. "Axonometric is a word that has been used by architects for hundreds of years. Engineers use the word axonometric as a generic term to include isometric, diametric and trimetric drawings." This article uses

22400-716: The remainder of the 12th story and the inhabitable portions of the 13th story contained studios with skylights. By the late 1990s, the Martha Washington had been divided into either 423 or 469 rooms. When the hotel first opened about 36 women lived on each floor, with four communal toilets and four bathtubs on each floor. There was approximately one bathroom for every four guest rooms; most units lacked en suite bathrooms. The guest rooms were arranged so they could easily be combined into suites with two to five rooms. Some apartments were outfitted with double doors, allowing businesswomen to use these spaces as showrooms. Each bedroom had furnishings such as damask coverings and large pillows, and

22560-430: The ruler can be read off as feet. Architects normally use a scale ruler with different scales marked on each edge. A third method, used by builders in estimating, is to measure directly off the drawing and multiply by the scale factor. Dimensions can be measured off drawings made on a stable medium such as vellum. All processes of reproduction introduce small errors, especially now that different copying methods mean that

22720-563: The same drawing may be re-copied, or copies made in several different ways. Consequently, dimensions need to be written ("figured") on the drawing. The disclaimer "Do not scale off dimensions" is commonly inscribed on architects' drawings, to guard against errors arising in the copying process. This section deals with the conventional views used to represent a building or structure. See the Types of architectural drawing section below for drawings classified according to their purpose. A floor plan

22880-484: The same rental rate if they endorsed a certificate of no harassment, which was required for the hotel. Another 37 tenants opposed the conversion and filed a lawsuit, claiming Maloney harassed them; despite this, Maloney received the certificate of no harassment and did not offer the dissenting tenants anything. Some residents protested against the renovations in 2000, claiming that PMG was disrupting their water and heat service and that there were construction hazards. Citylife

23040-409: The second story are protruding balconettes with iron railings, which are supported by terracotta brackets. Each window in the third through eighth stories of the northern and southern elevations has a terracotta frame. The outermost bays of the facade are clad with brick, which is arranged to resemble a rusticated facade. The center three bays feature horizontal stone courses at regular intervals, and

23200-553: The site of their theatrical experience Sleep No More . Heading east, 27th Street passes through Chelsea Park between Tenth and Ninth Avenues , with the Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT) on the corner of Eighth . On Madison Avenue between 26th and 27th streets, on the site of the old Madison Square Garden , is the New York Life Building , built in 1928 and designed by Cass Gilbert , with

23360-512: The sketch stage. Draftsmen often specialize in a type of structure, such as residential or commercial, or in a type of construction: timber frame, reinforced concrete, prefabrication, etc. The traditional tools of the architect were the drawing board or drafting table, T-square and set squares , protractor , compasses , pencil , and drawing pens of different types. Drawings were made on vellum , coated linen , and tracing paper . Lettering would either be done by hand, mechanically using

23520-494: The speed of drafting allows many permutations to be tried before the design is finalized. On the other hand, CAD drawing encourages a proliferation of detail and increased expectations of accuracy, aspects which reduce the efficiency originally expected from the move to computerization. Professional CAD software such as AutoCAD is complex and requires both training and experience before the operator becomes fully productive. Consequently, skilled CAD operators are often divorced from

23680-539: The street from the Zeckendorf Towers at Union Square East; the Google Building between Eighth and Ninth Avenues; Chelsea Market , between Ninth and Tenth Avenues; and the High Line near Tenth Avenue. 15th Street is 1.9 mi (3 km) in length. Traffic on 16th Street moves from west to east. It starts at Eleventh Avenue at the Hudson River, and runs until it is interrupted at Union Square West (Broadway) by Union Square . It picks up again on

23840-435: The street, from east to west excepting the stretch between Broadway and Park Avenue South, where traffic runs in both directions. It forms the northern borders of both Union Square (between Broadway and Park Avenue South ) and Stuyvesant Square . Composer Antonín Dvořák 's New York home was located at 327 East 17th Street, near Perlman Place. The house was razed by Beth Israel Medical Center after it received approval of

24000-455: The telegraph, telephone, or messenger services. There were also exterior fire escapes and stairwells. As of 2023, the hotel contains about 143,000 square feet (13,300 m) of space, spread across 13 stories. When the Martha Washington Hotel was built the first and second floors were dedicated to communal rooms such as offices, a restaurant, dining rooms, and reception rooms. The lobby was decorated in an colonial style, with leather chairs and

24160-423: The terms in the architecture-specific sense. Despite fairly complex geometrical explanations, for the purposes of practical drafting the difference between isometric and axonometric is simple (see diagram above). In both, the plan is drawn on a skewed or rotated grid, and the verticals are projected vertically on the page. All lines are drawn to scale so that relationships between elements are accurate. In many cases

24320-420: Was also equipped with mirrors, small television sets and refrigerators, and hidden speakers. Desks, nightstands, minibars, and other furniture were added in 2019, and the hotel's 259 rooms were redecorated with gray walls. There was demand for women's residences in New York City as early as the mid-19th century, when most unmarried women lived in boarding houses or at home. Among the earliest women's residences in

24480-412: Was created within the hotel. The public spaces were repainted in walnut colors, with fluted columns and blue floor tiles. There was also a long hallway, with mid-century modern furniture, leading to a check-in desk. The current design of the lobby as of 2023 dates to a 2019 renovation, which added seating areas enclosed with stained-glass panels, as well as blue-tinted lighting and rounded mirrors. There

24640-529: Was designed by architect Robert W. Gibson in the Renaissance Revival style. At the time of the hotel's construction in the early 1900s, many hotels were being built with classical architectural features because they had been designed by architects trained in Europe. Gibson, who had trained in England, incorporated classical elements such as brackets , dentils , ornate lintels , quoins , and rustication into

24800-460: Was found in a piece of white terracotta crucibles unearthed in China, dated 7400 years ago. It shows 2 stilted watch towers (or light houses) with spiral staircase above water. The size of drawings reflects the materials available and the size that is convenient to transport – rolled up or folded, laid out on a table, or pinned up on a wall. The drafting process may impose limitations on the size that

24960-426: Was funded by a loan issued by Citigroup Commercial Mortgage Trust. The hotel was divided into 276 rooms, which were designed in a minimalist style. King and Grove Hotels bought the Hotel Lola for $ 116 million from Rockpoint Group in June 2012 and renamed it the King & Grove New York shortly thereafter. King & Grove CEO Ed Scheetz and Chetrit Group co-owned the hotel until 2013, when Scheetz took over five of

25120-483: Was included, the building techniques involved being common knowledge amongst building professionals. Modern working drawings are much more detailed and it is standard practice to isolate select areas of the project on separate sheets. Notes included on drawings are brief, referring to standardized specification documents for more information. Understanding the layout and construction of a modern building involves studying an often-sizeable set of drawings and documents. Until

25280-436: Was known as the "American plan". Men and married women were allowed to use the restaurant and drawing rooms on the lower stories but could not rent rooms. This policy applied even to residents' close relatives, such as brothers and fathers, as well as men invited by the residents. Also banned from the hotel were pets, babies, and any tenant who was involved in a breach of promise lawsuit, since such suits attracted publicity that

25440-606: Was operating the hotel by 2000, with PMG as the owner, and continued to renovate the hotel through the end of that year. The group rebranded the Martha Washington as the Hotel Thirty Thirty in July 2000, a reference to the hotel's address at 30 East 30th Street, though media sources had reported on the new name as early as the preceding October. The Thirty Thirty initially operated as a budget hotel and still had about 90 long-term residents by 2003. Rockpoint Group bought

25600-635: Was themed to the music of the nearby Tin Pan Alley and the history of the NoMad neighborhood. The first rooms reopened in April 2016, and the hotel was fully reopened that October under the Preferred Hotels & Resorts brand. The Redbury's managers hired local firm Home Studios to redesign the lobby and rooms in mid-2019. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City in early 2020,

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