Misplaced Pages

#815184

30-517: In the late 16th century it was decided to expand the old city of Amsterdam by creating a new island on the land between Sint Anthoniesdijk and the Amstel . Vlooienburg was raised up during the second expansion of Amsterdam between 1592 and 1596 as a place for lumberyards, which gave the Houtgracht canal its name. Blocks of houses were soon added. The new island was called Vlooyenburg in a reference to

60-610: A gau is analogous with a pays of the Kingdom of France , or of Lotharingia . Old English , by contrast, has only traces of the word, which was replaced by scire (modern English shire ) from an early time, in names such as Noxga gā, Ohtga gā and perhaps in gōman, ġēman " yeoman ", which would then correspond to the Old High German gaumann . However, the Oxford English Dictionary connects

90-720: A refresher school. A 1625 map by Balthasar Florisz. van Berckenrode shows the Houtgracht canal ran east from the Verwerfsgracht from a point roughly opposite the Raamgracht , and ended where it joined the Leprozengracht. Beyond the end there was a garden and orchard, then the Lynbanen, city ramparts and moat. A 1737 map by Gerrit de Broen shows the fortifactions and moat had been moved much further east. Hout Graft had been extended east past Leprozengraft, leading into

120-512: A term for an administrative unit or jurisdiction, independent of the figure hundred. The Frankish usage contrasts with Tacitus' Germania , where a pagus was a subdivision of a tribal territory or civitas , corresponding to the Hundred, i.e. areas liable to provide a hundred men under arms, or containing roughly a hundred homesteads each, further divided into vici (villages or farmsteads). Charlemagne , by his capitulary legislation, adopted

150-525: Is a Germanic term for a region within a country, often a former or current province . It was used in the Middle Ages , when it can be seen as roughly corresponding to an English shire . The administrative use of the term was revived as a subdivision during the period of Nazi Germany in 1933–1945. It still appears today in regional names, such as the Rheingau or Allgäu . The Germanic word

180-910: Is a river in the province of North Holland in the Netherlands . It flows from the Aarkanaal and Drecht in Nieuwveen northwards, passing Uithoorn , Amstelveen , and Ouderkerk aan de Amstel , to the IJ in Amsterdam , to which the river gives its name. Annually, the river is the location of the Liberation Day concert, Head of the River Amstel rowing match, and the Amsterdam Gay Pride boat parade. The name Amstel and

210-553: Is reflected in Gothic gawi (neuter; genitive gaujis ) and early Old High German gewi, gowi (neuter) and in some compound names -gawi as in Gothic (e.g. Durgawi " Canton of Thurgau ", Alpagawi " Allgäu "), later gâi, gôi , and after loss of the stem suffix gaw, gao , and with motion to the feminine as gawa besides gowo (from gowio ). Old Saxon shows further truncation to gâ, gô . As an equivalent of Latin pagus ,

240-887: The Rokin to the Langebrugsteeg before being routed underground through pipes, passing under the filled in part of the Rokin and Dam Square before remerging into the Damrak at the Oudebrugsteeg. The river then passes beneath the Prins Hendrikkade before empyting into the Open Havenfront  [ nl ] . The original course continues with Damrak, after which it passes Stationseiland, an artificial island with Amsterdam Centraal station , and flows into

270-488: The annexation of neighbouring territories by Nazi Germany in the late 1930s, a new unit of civil administration, the Reichsgau , was established. German-speaking territories annexed to Germany from 1938 were generally organised into Reichsgaue . Unlike the pre-existing Gaue , the new Reichsgaue formally combined the spheres of both party and state administration. Following the annexation of Austria in 1938,

300-659: The comitatus subdivision and appointed local rulers as deputies of the central Imperial authority. In the German-speaking lands of East Francia , the Gau formed the unit of administration of the realm during the 9th and 10th centuries and ruled by a gaugrave ( Gaugraf i.e. "gau count"). Similar to many shires in England, during the Middle Ages, many such Gaue came to be known as counties or Grafschaften ,

330-574: The provinces of Prussia . Following the suppression of the political institutions of the Länder in the course of the Nazi Gleichschaltung process and the appointment of Reichsstatthalter (Reich Governors) in 1933, the Gaue became the de facto administrative regions of the government and each individual Gauleiter had considerable power within his territory. With the beginning of

SECTION 10

#1732781042816

360-601: The Amstel. There are several historical bridges crossing the river, among which are the Berlagebrug , Magere Brug , and Blauwbrug . In the city center, the river is connected to several city canals , which are a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The Amstel Hotel , Royal Theater Carré , H'ART Museum , city hall in the Stopera , and Allard Pierson Museum are located on the eastern bank of the river. The river continues via

390-799: The Muyder Graft ( Plantage Muidergracht ). The connection to the Muyder Graght past Heere Graght ( Nieuwe Herengracht ) is still shown on an 1835 map. The Houtgracht connected the Zwanenburgwal to the Nieuwe Herengracht until 1870, when the section that is now the Jonas Daniël Meijerplein was filled in. The city council decided to fill in the rest of the Houtgracht and Leprozengracht on 28 January 1874. Both canals were filled in 1882. The park that replaced

420-541: The banks of the Amstel were derived from the river's name. The Amstel was formed around 1050 BC when a freshwater river cut into a tidal channel of the IJ which are now Damrak and Rokin . The Amstel begins where the canal Aarkanaal and the river Drecht meet, just north of the village Nieuwveen in the province of South Holland . Here the river forms the border between the provinces of South Holland and North Holland and flows in northeastern direction. The Amstel passes

450-521: The canals was officially named Waterlooplein in December 1883. It was made into a Jewish market. The street traders from around Jodenbreestraat had to move to the new square. They complained that the square was too windy and no customers would come. The former island is now the home of the Amsterdam " Stopera " building complex. Amstel The Amstel ( Dutch: [ˈɑmstəl] )

480-598: The case of Zichenau ) and Upper Silesia (as in the case of the Silesian voivodeship with the counties of Oświęcim and Biała ). After the successful invasion of France in 1940, Germany re-annexed Alsace-Lorraine . The former département of Moselle was incorporated into the Gau of Saar-Palatinate, while Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin became part of the Gau Baden . Similarly, the formerly independent state of Luxembourg

510-496: The country, briefly renamed " Ostmark " between 1938 and 1942, was sub-divided into seven Reichsgaue . These had boundaries broadly the same as the former Austrian Länder (states), with the Tyrol and Vorarlberg being merged as "Tyrol-Vorarlberg", Burgenland being divided between Styria and "Lower Danube" ( Niederdonau , the renamed Lower Austria ). Upper Austria was also renamed "Upper Danube" ( Oberdonau ), thus eliminating

540-472: The early 1650s Baruch Spinoza 's father Michael d'Espinosa rented a brick house on the corner of the Houtgracht and Leprozengracht, and this is where the philosopher grew up. In the 1870s other houses along the canal were used by a silversmith, father of the trade unionist Sientje Prijes , a liquor dealer, a vendor of furniture and stoves, a hardware company, the Bet Israel synagogue (Houtgracht 37–39) and

570-695: The etymology of yeoman to young instead. In the Carolingian Empire , a Gau was a subdivision of the realm, further divided into Hundreds . The Frankish gowe thus appear to correspond roughly to the civitas in other barbarian kingdoms ( Visigoths , Burgundians , or the Italian Kingdom of the Lombards ). After the end of the Migration Period , the Hundred ( centena or hunaria , Old High German huntari ) had become

600-634: The former bay IJ . A nationally televised concert is held on the river every year on Liberation Day . The rowing races Head of the River Amstel and Heineken Roeivierkamp are held on the river annually. The river also forms part of the route of the Canal Parade , Amsterdam's annual floating gay pride parade . The river has been depicted by many artists, including: Gau (territory) Gau ( German : [ɡaʊ] ; Dutch : gouw [ɣʌu] ; West Frisian : gea [ɡɪə] or goa [ɡoə] )

630-444: The hamlet Vrouwenakker and is then joined by the tributary river Kromme Mijdrecht . On the northern bank is the town Uithoorn and on the southern bank is the village Amstelhoek . Here the river forms the border between the provinces of Utrecht and North Holland. Further on, the river is joined by the tributary river Oude Waver . From here onwards, the river flows northward through the province of North Holland. The Amstel passes

SECTION 20

#1732781042816

660-631: The island. Jacob Tirado , one of the founders of the Spanish-Portuguese Sephardic community of Amsterdam , acquired a house on the Houtgracht which he transformed it into Amsterdam's first synagogue. It was called Beth Jacob after him, and was consecrated at the Jewish New Year's festival in September 1597. Houtgracht 208 was the site of another of the oldest synagogues, Talmud Torah. The congregations united in 1639. In

690-458: The name of "Austria" ( Österreich in German) from the official map. A small number of boundary changes also took place, the most significant of which was the massive expansion of Vienna 's official territory, at the expense of "Lower Danube". Northern and eastern territory annexed from the dismembered Czechoslovakia were mainly organised as the Reichsgau of Sudetenland , with territory to

720-490: The older form Aemstel are derived from Amestelle , which is a compound of the words aam or ame meaning water and stelle meaning solid, high, and dry ground. In the 12th century, Amestelle was used for the area or gouw that was closed in by the rivers Amstel and Bullewijk and the bay IJ . Between the 12th and 14th centuries, the area was developed and ruled by the Van Amstel family . The river Amstel

750-406: The regular flooding from the Amstel that the area had previously experienced. It was surrounded by the Amstel , Leprozengracht, Houtgracht and Verwerfsgracht ( Zwanenburgwal ). In a 1597 map by Pieter Bast the island is shown without any trees, buildings or roads, connected to the mainland by a bridge over the east end of the Houtgracht. Three Portuguese Jewish congregations soon built synagogues on

780-654: The south annexed to the Reichsgaue of Lower and Upper Danube. Following the Axis invasion of Poland in 1939, territories of the Pomeranian and Poznań voivodeships as well as the western half of Łódź voivodeship were reannexed to Germany as the Reichsgaue of Danzig-Westpreussen (which also incorporated the former Free City of Danzig ) and Wartheland . Other parts of Nazi-occupied Poland were incorporated to pre-existing bordering gaus of East Prussia (as in

810-550: The territory of a Graf ( count ) within the Holy Roman Empire . Such a count or Graf would originally have been an appointed governor , but the position generally became an hereditary vassal princedom, or fief in most of continental Europe. The term Gau was revived in German historical research in the 18th and 19th centuries, and was considered an ancient administration structure of Germanic peoples . It

840-417: The village Nes aan de Amstel . On the western bank is the town Amstelveen , where there is a small island in the river named Amsteleiland, and on the eastern bank the town of Ouderkerk aan de Amstel , where the river is joined by the tributary river Bullewijk . After this the Amstel flows into the city of Amsterdam . In Amsterdam, the canals Duivendrechtsevaart and Weespertrekvaart are tributaries to

870-578: Was adopted in the 1920s as the name given to the regional associations of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). Each Gau denoted an administrative region, created by a party statute dated 22 May 1926. Each Gau was headed by a Gauleiter . The original 33 Gaue were generally coterminous with the Reichstag election districts of the Weimar Republic , based on the constituent states ( Länder ) and

900-399: Was named after this land area. Between 1525 and 1990, the water board or hoogheemraadschap of the area through which the river flows was Amstelland (Amstel Land), a name still in use for the region. The names of the settlements Amstelhoek (Amstel Bend), Amsterdam (Amstel Dam), Nes aan de Amstel (Headland upon Amstel), and Ouderkerk aan de Amstel (Old Church upon Amstel) on

#815184