Hœnheim or Hoenheim ( French pronunciation: [ønajm] ; German : Hönheim ; Alsatian : Heene ) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France .
51-398: "D'or aux trois corbeaux de sable posés deux et un". ("Of gold, three sand crows posed two and one".) The three black crows come from the legend of the monk Benedict of Nursia , father of the monastic rule of the Benedictines . Saint Benedict lived withdrawn in a cave and shared his food with a crow, which came each day to visit him. A jealous priest sent poisoned bread to him. He gave it to
102-443: A Christocentric life on earth) and administrative (how to run a monastery efficiently). More than half of the chapters describe how to be obedient and humble, and what to do when a member of the community is not. About one-fourth regulate the work of God (the "opus Dei"). One-tenth outline how, and by whom, the monastery should be managed. Benedictine asceticism is known for its moderation. This devotional medal originally came from
153-464: A cross in honor of Saint Benedict. On one side, the medal has an image of Saint Benedict, holding the Holy Rule in his left hand and a cross in his right. There is a raven on one side of him, with a cup on the other side of him. Around the medal's outer margin are the words "Eius in obitu nostro praesentia muniamur" ("May we be strengthened by his presence in the hour of our death"). The other side of
204-509: A provincial calendar of saints is published in each province. In almost all of these, Saint Benedict is commemorated on 11 July. Benedict is remembered in the Church of England with a Lesser Festival on 11 July. Benedict wrote the Rule for monks living communally under the authority of an abbot. The Rule comprises seventy-three short chapters. Its wisdom is twofold: spiritual (how to live
255-658: A second journey awaits the evacuated inhabitants, this time the destination is to the South of France. The inhabitants of Hoenheim are divided in 5 communes of Haute-Vienne which they will leave only in August 1940 to return to Alsace annexed by the Germans. Under the Nazi occupation, Hoenheim is administratively attached to the “Gross Strasburg”. On 27 May, 11 August and 25 September 1944 the bombardment of Strasbourg and its suburbs by
306-405: A short poem attributed to Mark of Monte Cassino, the only ancient account of Benedict is found in the second volume of Pope Gregory I 's four-book Dialogues , thought to have been written in 593, although the authenticity of this work is disputed. Gregory's account of Benedict's life, however, is not a biography in the modern sense of the word. It provides instead a spiritual portrait of
357-546: A unique spirit of balance, moderation and reasonableness ( ἐπιείκεια , epieíkeia ), which persuaded most Christian religious communities founded throughout the Middle Ages to adopt it. As a result, Benedict's Rule became one of the most influential religious rules in Western Christendom . For this reason, Giuseppe Carletti regarded Benedict as the founder of Western Christian monasticism . Apart from
408-456: Is Benedict's day of death and that his memorial is celebrated on 11 July, while on 11 July it devotes seven lines to speaking of him, and mentions the tradition that he died on 21 March. The Eastern Orthodox Church commemorates Saint Benedict on 14 March. The Lutheran Churches celebrate the Feast of Saint Benedict on July 11. The Anglican Communion has no single universal calendar, but
459-476: Is located on the river Ill and the Rhine-Marne canal . The historic center is on a ridge and overlooking the "Ried" (Zone of easily flooded meadows) of Ill. This historical center gave the name to Hœnheim, the first mentions indicate the spelling Hohenheim, in other words residence on the hill . Vestiges and reports raised on the ground attest the existence of a small group of dwellings near Hoenheim from
510-456: Is not an "order" as the term is commonly understood, but a confederation of autonomous congregations . Benedict's main achievement, his Rule of Saint Benedict , contains a set of rules for his monks to follow. Heavily influenced by the writings of John Cassian ( c. 360 – c. 435 ), it shows strong affinity with the earlier Rule of the Master , but it also has
561-609: Is the patron saint of speleologists . On the island of Tenerife ( Spain ) he is the patron saint of fields and farmers. An important romeria ( Romería Regional de San Benito Abad ) is held on this island in his honor, one of the most important in the country. In the pre-1970 General Roman Calendar , his feast is kept on 21 March, the day of his death according to some manuscripts of the Martyrologium Hieronymianum and that of Bede . Because on that date his liturgical memorial would always be impeded by
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#1732801769666612-598: The Allies : Junkers factories in Meinau, railway workshops of Bischheim and marshalling yard of Hausbergen are all attacked. November 23 Strasbourg is released by the 2nd French Armoured Division of General Leclerc , who assigns the local FFI to liberate the suburbs. Yet Hoenheim and its neighbourhoods remained under the fire of the German batteries until April 1945. The last tram ran to Hoenheim on 1 May 1960, leaving only
663-607: The Battle of Waterloo , the General Jean Rapp , having wind of intentions to annex Alsace and under the orders of Louis XVIII continued to fight on the Souffel, just north of Hoenheim. The battle of Souffelweyersheim-Hoenheim took place on 28 and 29 June 1815. With the victory of Coalition troops, Strasbourg was taken on 9 July. In 1852 two new transportation routes passed by the territory of Hoenheim (but away from
714-698: The Eastern Orthodox Church , the Lutheran Churches , the Anglican Communion , and Old Catholic Churches . In 1964 Pope Paul VI declared Benedict a patron saint of Europe . Benedict founded twelve communities for monks at Subiaco in present-day Lazio, Italy (about 65 kilometres (40 mi) to the east of Rome), before moving further south-east to Monte Cassino in the mountains of central Italy . The present-day Order of Saint Benedict emerged later and, moreover,
765-588: The Neolithic age. The first mention of the name Hoenheim goes back to the year 742. At the end of the 9th century, the village of Hœnheim was the property of the Benedictine monastery of Honau , created by the brother of Saint Odile . Under the Holy Roman Empire , Hœnheim became the property of the diocese of Strasbourg , which allotted its land to knights or religious communities. Around
816-649: The B-Line in Hoenheim links the B tram line with the Strasbourg-Lauterbourg railway line. Benedict of Nursia Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire , near Orléans , France Benedict of Nursia ( Latin : Benedictus Nursiae ; Italian : Benedetto da Norcia ; 2 March 480 – 21 March 547), often known as Saint Benedict , was an Italian Catholic monk. He is famed in the Catholic Church ,
867-651: The Uttenheim of Ramstein family in 1457. In the 16th century, the lords of Uttenheim, dismayed by the escapades of the clergy of this time, joined the Reformation and with them the inhabitants of Hoenheim. At the time of the Thirty Years' War , Hoenheim, like Bischheim , was a victim of the exactions of the two sides. In 1649, at the time of the treaty of Westphalia , putting an end to the war, Alsace returned to France and subsequent Catholicism . In 1676
918-399: The best sources: a handful of Benedict's disciples who lived with him and witnessed his various miracles. These followers, he says, are Constantinus, who succeeded Benedict as Abbot of Monte Cassino, Honoratus , who was abbot of Subiaco when St. Gregory wrote his Dialogues , Valentinianus , and Simplicius . In Gregory's day, history was not recognised as an independent field of study; it
969-599: The bus as a public transport link with Strasbourg . In 1966, Hoenheim was integrated into the newly created Urban Community of Strasbourg . In 1969, the collapse of the frontage of the Chapel of John the Baptist obliged the Protestant parish to seek a new building. 1970 saw the completion of the construction of the motorway A34 Metz - Strasbourg , later taken over by A4 connecting Paris to Strasbourg , alongside
1020-523: The canton of Bischheim - Hoenheim is attached to the new district of Strasbourg -Countryside. On 2 September 1939 the inhabitants of the communes in front of the Maginot line are evacuated. The inhabitants of Hoenheim, Bischheim and Schiltigheim are moved to the Bruche valley to join the evacuee centre of Niederhaslach . Only the town hall secretary and some firemen remain in the town. On September 9
1071-636: The church were confiscated and sold to the inhabitants. In 1792, the Émigré , joined forces with the Austro-Prussians begin the hostilities to regain the power in France. From October to December 1793, engagements between the troops of the French Republic and the Austro-Prussians took place around the Hoenheim - Griesheim-on-Souffel - Dingsheim line, until the Austro-Prussians troops were pushed back out of Alsace by January 1794. In 1793,
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#17328017696661122-730: The commune of Hoenheim was attached to the canton of Hausbergen. On 17 February 1800 Hoenheim was attached to the new district of Strasbourg . In 1813, Napoleon 's Russian campaign finished in catastrophe. He managed, with difficulty, to return to France, but the troops of the Coalition were behind him. In January 1814, the French troops were kept in Strasbourg by the attacks of the Cossacks who settled in Hoenheim, Bischheim and Schiltigheim . Following Napoleon's return and defeat at
1173-415: The cross. An investigation found a number of painted crosses on the walls of the abbey with the letters now found on St Benedict medals, but their meaning had been forgotten. A manuscript written in 1415 was eventually found that had a picture of Benedict holding a scroll in one hand and a staff which ended in a cross in the other. On the scroll and staff were written the full words of the initials contained on
1224-571: The cross. Either the inscription "PAX" (Peace) or the Christogram "IHS" may be found at the top of the cross in most cases. Around the medal's margin on this side are the Vade Retro Satana initials VRSNSMV which stand for "Vade Retro Satana, Nonquam Suade Mihi Vana" ("Begone Satan, do not suggest to me thy vanities") then a space followed by the initials SMQLIVB which signify "Sunt Mala Quae Libas, Ipse Venena Bibas" ("Evil are
1275-605: The crosses. Medals then began to be struck in Germany, which then spread throughout Europe. This medal was first approved by Pope Benedict XIV in his briefs of 23 December 1741 and 12 March 1742. Benedict has been also the motif of many collector's coins around the world. The Austria 50 euro 'The Christian Religious Orders' , issued on 13 March 2002 is one of them. The early Middle Ages have been called "the Benedictine centuries." In April 2008, Pope Benedict XVI discussed
1326-418: The crow while saying to him to throw it in a place inaccessible to men. The crow was then a symbol of obligingness, intelligence and fidelity. Hœnheim lies 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Strasbourg . The neighboring communes of Hœnheim are (North to South): Souffelweyersheim , Reichstett (canton of Mundolsheim ), an enclave of Bischheim , an enclave of Schiltigheim (canton of Schiltigheim). Hœnheim
1377-521: The foundational document for thousands of religious communities in the Middle Ages. To this day, The Rule of St. Benedict is the most common and influential Rule used by monasteries and monks, more than 1,400 years after its writing. A basilica was built upon the birthplace of Benedict and Scholastica in the 1400s. Ruins of their familial home were excavated from beneath the church and preserved. The earthquake of 30 October 2016 completely devastated
1428-499: The gentle, disciplined abbot. In a letter to Bishop Maximilian of Syracuse, Gregory states his intention for his Dialogues , saying they are a kind of floretum (an anthology , literally, 'flower garden') of the most striking miracles of Italian holy men. Gregory did not set out to write a chronological, historically anchored story of Benedict, but he did base his anecdotes on direct testimony. To establish his authority, Gregory explains that his information came from what he considered
1479-635: The group and went back to his cave at Subiaco. There lived in the neighborhood a priest called Florentius who, moved by envy, tried to ruin him. He tried to poison him with poisoned bread. When he prayed a blessing over the bread, a raven swept in and took the loaf away. From this time his miracles seem to have become frequent, and many people, attracted by his sanctity and character, came to Subiaco to be under his guidance. Having failed by sending him poisonous bread, Florentius tried to seduce his monks with some prostitutes. To avoid further temptations, in about 530 Benedict left Subiaco. He founded 12 monasteries in
1530-502: The influence St Benedict had on Western Europe. The pope said that "with his life and work St Benedict exercised a fundamental influence on the development of European civilization and culture" and helped Europe to emerge from the "dark night of history" that followed the fall of the Roman empire . Benedict contributed more than anyone else to the rise of monasticism in the West. His Rule was
1581-524: The last lord of Uttenheim died without an heir. The quarrel of succession ended in 1681 with the victory of the family Rathamhausen of Stein over the canons of the great chapter of Strasbourg. In 1689, the elder branch of Rathamhausen dies out and the Fief of Hœnheim returns to the great chapter of Strasbourg. On 21 May 1691 the bishop of Strasbourg gave the Fief to the knight-lord of Chamlay , maréchal général des logis des camps et des armées de France. In 1719
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1632-590: The marshal of Chamlay died without leaving an heir. The bishop of Strasbourg, Cardinal of Rohan ( Armand Gaston Maximilien de Rohan ), gave the Fief to the Klinglin family which had the full confidence of the royal and local authorities. After the French Revolution , Hoenheim was attached to the new district of Strasbourg (4 March 1790) during the formation of the Departments . In the same year, at
1683-564: The marshalling yard of Hausbergen. In 1978, the Protestant parish of Hoenheim inaugurated its church. The Protestant parish left the renovated Chapel of John the Baptist to the use of the Romanian Orthodox parish. With the new public transport policy, a new tram line was built by the Urban Community of Strasbourg during the 1990s, with the B tram line linking Hoenheim and Strasbourg completed in 2001. The terminus of
1734-546: The medal has a cross with the initials CSSML on the vertical bar which signify "Crux Sacra Sit Mihi Lux" ("May the Holy Cross be my light") and on the horizontal bar are the initials NDSMD which stand for "Non-Draco Sit Mihi Dux" ("Let not the dragon be my guide"). The initials CSPB stand for "Crux Sancti Patris Benedicti" ("The Cross of the Holy Father Benedict") and are located on the interior angles of
1785-470: The mid-14th century, the diocese made a gift of the Fief of Hœnheim to knights. 1350 sees the first written mention of the Chapel of John the Baptist . During the Hundred Years' War , Hœnheim, like many villages, had to undergo the passage of the " Écorcheurs " who tried, without success, to take Strasbourg . While passing through the hands of various noble families, the Fief finally returned to
1836-547: The modern Norcia , in Umbria . If 480 is accepted as the year of his birth, the year of his abandonment of his studies and leaving home would be about 500. Gregory's narrative makes it impossible to suppose him younger than 20 at the time. Benedict was sent to Rome to study, but was disappointed by the academic studies he encountered there. Seeking to flee the great city, he left with his nurse and settled in Enfide . Enfide, which
1887-494: The mountain now rises almost perpendicularly; while on the right, it strikes in a rapid descent down to where, in Benedict's day, 500 feet (150 m) below, lay the blue waters of a lake. The cave has a large triangular-shaped opening and is about ten feet deep. On his way from Enfide, Benedict met a monk, Romanus of Subiaco , whose monastery was on the mountain above the cliff overhanging the cave. Romanus discussed with Benedict
1938-542: The observance of Lent , the 1969 revision of the General Roman Calendar moved his memorial to 11 July, the date that appears in some Gallic liturgical books of the end of the 8th century as the feast commemorating his birth ( Natalis S. Benedicti ). There is some uncertainty about the origin of this feast. Accordingly, on 21 March the Roman Martyrology mentions in a line and a half that it
1989-421: The outer world and by the visits of Romanus, Benedict matured both in mind and character, in knowledge of himself and of his fellow-man, and at the same time he became not merely known to, but secured the respect of, those about him; so much so that on the death of the abbot of a monastery in the neighbourhood (identified by some with Vicovaro ), the community came to him and begged him to become its abbot. Benedict
2040-545: The purpose which had brought him to Subiaco, and gave him the monk's habit. By his advice Benedict became a hermit and for three years lived in this cave above the lake. Gregory tells little of Benedict's later life. He now speaks of Benedict no longer as a youth ( puer ), but as a man ( vir ) of God. Romanus , Gregory states, served Benedict in every way he could. The monk apparently visited him frequently, and on fixed days brought him food. During these three years of solitude, broken only by occasional communications with
2091-621: The siege of Strasbourg on 12 August. With the treaty of Frankfurt in May 1871, France was required to give up the three departments of the Alsace-Moselle . Between 1871 and 1919, Hoenheim is attached to the "Kreises Strassburg (Land)". Railway workshops opened in 1875 in Bischheim on a 30 ha, with 10 ha located in Hoenheim. These workshops were located on the new railway line connecting Strasbourg to Lauterbourg . On 14 October 1878
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2142-517: The structure of the basilica, leaving only the front facade and altar standing. Bischheim, Bas-Rhin Bischheim ( French pronunciation: [biʃaim] ; Alsatian : Bésche ) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department and Grand Est region of north-eastern France . The town is bordered by Hoenheim , Strasbourg , Schiltigheim , and Niederhausbergen . It lies on
2193-425: The suggestion of Schiltigheim , the "Ried" (Zone of easily flooded meadows), previously public pasture common to Souffelweyersheim , Hoenheim, Bischheim , Adelsoffen and Schiltigheim was divided. This division led, amongst other things, to the creation of the enclave of Bischheim and the enclave of Schiltigheim in the centre of Hoenheim's territory. On 2 October 1791 all the goods of the Klinglin family and of
2244-529: The things thou profferest, drink thou thine own poison"). This medal was first struck in 1880 to commemorate the fourteenth centenary of Benedict's birth and is also called the Jubilee Medal; its exact origin, however, is unknown. In 1647, during a witchcraft trial at Natternberg near Metten Abbey in Bavaria, the accused women testified they had no power over Metten, which was under the protection of
2295-473: The tradition of Subiaco identifies with the modern Affile , is in the Simbruini mountains, about forty miles from Rome and two miles from Subiaco. A short distance from Enfide is the entrance to a narrow, gloomy valley, penetrating the mountains and leading directly to Subiaco. The path continues to ascend, and the side of the ravine on which it runs becomes steeper until a cave is reached, above this point
2346-485: The tramway between Place Kléber ( Strasbourg ) and Hoenheim was inaugurated. On 19 June 1879 the first holder of the Catholic parish of Hoenheim was named in the new church of Hoenheim. Previously Hoenheim depended from the parish of Bischheim , which church was used by the Protestant of Bischheim too. Inauguration of the marshalling yard of Hausbergen in 1906. It covers the territory of several communes, one of which
2397-525: The vicinity of Subiaco, and, eventually, in 530 he founded the great Benedictine monastery of Monte Cassino , which lies on a hilltop between Rome and Naples. Benedict died of a fever at Monte Cassino not long after his sister, Scholastica , and was buried in the same tomb. According to tradition, this occurred on 21 March 547. He was named patron protector of Europe by Pope Paul VI in 1964. In 1980, Pope John Paul II declared him co- patron of Europe, together with Cyril and Methodius . Furthermore, he
2448-575: The village). The first is the Marne–Rhine Canal which connects Vitry-le-François to Strasbourg . The second is the Paris - Strasbourg railway line. The Franco-Prussian War from 1870-1871 began on 19 July 1870. On 7 August, the day after the battle of Froeschwiller-Woerth , the German troops arrived in Hoenheim. The troops settled in Reichstett , a few kilometres north of Hoenheim, and began
2499-669: Was Hoenheim. In 1907, the priest of Hoenheim, Dionysius Will, is elected on the Reichstag under the label of Progressivist but with the support of the Socialists . The First World War , fought away from the Rhineland area did not cause any physical damage to Hoenheim, but resulted in the death of many men. The 'lost departments' of Alsace-Moselle were given back to the France by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. On 28 June 1919
2550-455: Was a branch of grammar or rhetoric, and historia was an account that summed up the findings of the learned when they wrote what was, at that time, considered history. Gregory's Dialogues , Book Two, then, an authentic medieval hagiography cast as a conversation between the Pope and his deacon Peter, is designed to teach spiritual lessons. Benedict was the son of a Roman noble of Nursia ,
2601-417: Was acquainted with the life and discipline of the monastery, and knew that "their manners were diverse from his and therefore that they would never agree together: yet, at length, overcome with their entreaty, he gave his consent". The experiment failed; the monks tried to poison him. The legend goes that they first tried to poison his drink. He prayed a blessing over the cup and the cup shattered. Thus he left
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