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89-662: Queens Village is a mostly residential middle class neighborhood in the eastern part of the New York City borough of Queens . It is bound by Hollis to the west, Cambria Heights to the south, Bellerose, Queens and Elmont , Nassau County to the east, and Oakland Gardens to the north. Shopping in the community is located along Braddock Avenue, Hillside Avenue , Hempstead Avenue , Jamaica Avenue ( NY 25 ), Francis Lewis Boulevard , and Springfield Boulevard . Located just east of Queens Village, in Elmont, Nassau County,

178-527: A New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire station, Engine Co. 301/Ladder Co. 150, at 91-04 197th Street. As of 2018 , preterm births and births to teenage mothers are more common in Hollis and Jamaica than in other places citywide. In Hollis and Jamaica, there were 10 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 21.4 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide). Hollis and Jamaica have

267-650: A New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire station, Engine Co. 304/Ladder Co. 162, at 218–44 97th Avenue. As of 2018, preterm births are more common in Queens Village than in other places citywide, though births to teenage mothers are less common. In Queens Village, there were 111 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 8.8 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide). Queens Village has an about-average population of residents who are uninsured . In 2018, this population of uninsured residents

356-472: A "new working class," which, despite education and a perception of themselves as middle class, were part of the working class because they did not own the means of production, and were wage earners paid to produce a piece of capital. The professional–managerial class seek higher rank status and salaries and tend to have incomes above the average for their country. Modern definitions of the term "middle class" are often politically motivated and vary according to

445-402: A college education or higher, 13% have less than a high school education and 49% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 39% of Queens residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher. The percentage of Queens Village students excelling in math rose from 42% in 2000 to 59% in 2011, and reading achievement decreased slightly from 52% to 50% during

534-447: A college education or higher. The percentage of Hollis and Jamaica students excelling in math rose from 36% in 2000 to 55% in 2011, and reading achievement increased slightly from 44% to 45% during the same time period. Hollis and Jamaica's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is more than the rest of New York City. In Hollis and Jamaica, 22% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year , higher than

623-417: A greater rate than the middle class, that rather than growing, India's middle class may be shrinking in size. According to a 2014 study by Standard Bank economist Simon Freemantle, a total of 15.3 million households in 11 surveyed nations of Africa are middle class: Angola , Ethiopia , Ghana , Kenya , Mozambique , Nigeria , South Sudan , Sudan , Tanzania , Uganda , and Zambia . In South Africa ,

712-473: A local liquor store. The residents decided to clean up the area, including the Liberty Rock, and paint it with the support of local businesses. The City of New York was initially opposed to the painted rock, but with the backing of the local store owners, the residents successfully challenged the city and kept the rock painted in the red, black, and green colors. However, the plaque honoring the war veterans

801-437: A low population of residents who are uninsured . In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 5%, lower than the citywide rate of 12%. The concentration of fine particulate matter , the deadliest type of air pollutant , in Hollis and Jamaica is 0.007 milligrams per cubic metre (7.0 × 10  oz/cu ft), less than the city average. Eight percent of Hollis and Jamaica residents are smokers , which

890-431: A mile west of the present station. In 1856, residents voted to change the name from Brushville to Queens. The name "Inglewood" also was used for both the village and the train station in the 1860s and 1870s. The name Brushville was still used in an 1860 New York Times article, but both "Queens" and "Brushville" are used in an 1870 article. Maps from 1873 show portions of Queens Village (then called Inglewood and Queens) in

979-472: A name that had been used as late as the 1880s for Lloyd's Neck in present-day Suffolk County. In 1923, the Long Island Railroad added "Village" to its station's name to avoid confusion with the county of the same name, and thus the neighborhood became known as Queens Village. Queens Village was part of an overall housing boom that was spreading east through Queens from New York as people from

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1068-657: A never-completed New York City Subway expansion in 1988. Liberty Rock is a boulder in Liberty Triangle park at the intersection of Farmers Blvd. and Liberty Ave. It was placed there in 1928 as a commemorative to the Pennsylvania Railroad casualities of World War One. Later, the plaque for that commemoration was removed and placed in an unknown location in the 1950s when the character of the neighborhood changed to predominantly African-american, co-incident with White flight . The Liberty Rock became

1157-563: A non-fatal assault rate of 29 per 100,000 people, Queens Village's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 378 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole. The 105th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 79.4% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 9 murders, 24 rapes, 197 robberies, 405 felony assaults, 266 burglaries, 589 grand larcenies, and 164 grand larcenies auto in 2018. Queens Village contains

1246-562: A non-fatal assault rate of 68 per 100,000 people, Hollis and Jamaica's rate of violent crimes per capita is more than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 789 per 100,000 people is higher than that of the city as a whole. The 103rd Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 80.6% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 5 murders, 31 rapes, 346 robberies, 408 felony assaults, 152 burglaries, 466 grand larcenies, and 79 grand larcenies auto in 2018. Hollis contains

1335-595: A regime change. Estimates vary widely on the number of middle-class people in India . A 1983 article put the Indian middle class as somewhere between 70 and 100 million. According to one study the middle class in India stood at between 60 and 80 million by 1990. According to The Economist , 78 million of India's population are considered middle class as of 2017, if defined using the cutoff of those making more than $ 10 per day,

1424-543: A report conducted by the Institute for Race Relations in 2015 estimated that between 10% and 20% of South Africans are middle class, based on various criteria. An earlier study estimated that in 2008 21.3% of South Africans were members of the middle class. A study by EIU Canback indicates 90% of Africans fall below an income of $ 10 a day. The proportion of Africans in the $ 10–$ 20 middle class (excluding South Africa), rose from 4.4% to only 6.2% between 2004 and 2014. Over

1513-409: A shared symbol for the entire community. The Liberty Rock serves as a symbol of resistance and resilience, reminding the community of its rich cultural heritage and ongoing struggle for equality and justice. The Liberty Rock was originally erected as a World War I memorial in the late 1920s or early 1930s. It likely honored the soldiers who fought and died in the war. During his 1960 campaign JFK visited

1602-419: A standard used by the India's National Council of Applied Economic Research. If including those with incomes between $ 2 and $ 10 per day, the number increases to 604 million. This was termed by researchers as the "new middle class". Measures considered include geography, lifestyle, income, and education. The World Inequality Report in 2018 further concluded that elites (i.e. the top 10%) are accumulating wealth at

1691-588: A symbol of the history and culture of the African American community in St. Albans. The painting of the rock in red, black, and green, the colors of the Pan-African flag, represents the community's commitment to civil rights, group identity, and fostering ties between all people of African descent. The location of the rock, at the intersection of St. Albans, Hollis, and Jamaica, highlights its significance as

1780-430: A very large Jewish community existed. However, many Jewish families have left for other parts of Queens and parts of Long Island . Still, there is a small Jewish presence in Queens Village that has recently been augmented by an increase of Middle Eastern Jews. There has also been an increase in the number of Asian American residents. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the population of Queens Village

1869-481: A whole, exclusive of Indians, constituted just under 20% of the national society. A 1964 study estimated that 45 million Latin Americans belonged to the urban middle class while 15 million to the urban well-to-do and 8 million to the rural middle class and well-to-do. In Brazil , according to one estimate, in 1970 the lower middle class comprised 12% of the population, while the upper middle class comprised 3%. In

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1958-681: A working paper by the OECD asserted that 1.8 billion people were now members of the global "middle class". Credit Suisse's Global Wealth Report 2014, released in October 2014, estimated that one billion adults belonged to the "middle class," with wealth anywhere between the range of $ 10,000–$ 100,000. According to a study carried out by the Pew Research Center , a combined 16% of the world's population in 2011 were "upper-middle income" and "upper income". An April 2019 OECD report said that

2047-673: Is a smaller triangle of architecturally notable homes surrounded by old, large trees and is bound by Union Turnpike , Springfield Boulevard, and Hartland Avenue within Hollis Hills. Notable institutions in Hollis Hills are The Chapel of the Redeemer Lutheran, Hollis Hills Jewish Center (founded in 1948), American Martyrs Catholic Church, the Windsor Park Branch of the Queens Public Library ,

2136-514: Is covered by 3 ZIP Codes . From north to south they are 11427 north of 90th Avenue, 11428 between 90th and 99th Avenues, and 11429 between 99th and 114th Avenues. The United States Post Office operates one post office nearby: the Queens Village Station at 209–20 Jamaica Avenue. Queens Village generally has a similar rate of college-educated residents to the rest of the city as of 2018. While 38% of residents age 25 and older have

2225-509: Is found on the sign above the Long Island Railroad Station there. In 1824, Thomas Brush established a blacksmith shop in the area. He prospered and built several other shops and a factory, and the area soon became known as Brushville. On March 1, 1837, the railroad arrived. The first station in the area was called Flushing Avenue in 1837, Delancy Avenue by June 20, 1837, and Brushville by November 27, 1837, likely about

2314-425: Is impossible to distinguish clearly among the multiple dimensions of inequality and the various mechanisms at work." In February 2009, The Economist asserted that over half the world's population now belongs to the middle class, as a result of rapid growth in emerging countries. It characterized the middle class as having a reasonable amount of discretionary income , so that they do not live from hand-to-mouth as

2403-650: Is located at 202-05 Hillside Avenue, and the South Hollis branch is located at 204-01 Hollis Avenue. Long Island Rail Road service is available at the Hollis station , located at 193rd Street and Woodhull Avenue; The station is served mostly by the Hempstead Branch . West of Hollis station is the LIRR's Holban Yard , a freight yard that has been shared with St. Albans for over a century, and has included

2492-410: Is lower than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In Hollis and Jamaica, 30% of residents are obese , 16% are diabetic , and 37% have high blood pressure —compared to the citywide averages of 22%, 8%, and 23% respectively. In addition, 23% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%. Eighty-six percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which

2581-468: Is slightly less than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 82% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", higher than the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in Hollis and Jamaica, there are 20 bodegas . The nearest major hospitals are Jamaica Hospital and Queens Hospital Center , both located in Jamaica. Hollis is covered mainly by ZIP Code 11423, though

2670-608: Is the Belmont Park race track. Close to the neighborhood are Cunningham Park and Alley Pond Park , as well as the historic Long Island Motor Parkway (LIMP), home of the turn of the century racing competition, the Vanderbilt Cup. The LIMP was built by William Kissam Vanderbilt , a descendant of the family that presided over the New York Central Railroad and Western Union ; it is now part of

2759-593: The 2010 United States Census , the population of Hollis was 20,269, a decrease of 478 (2.3%) from the 26,061 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 525.10 acres (212.50 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 38.6 inhabitants per acre (24,700/sq mi; 9,500/km ). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 64.0% (12,973) African American , 10.7% (2,167) Asian , 2.3% (460) White , 0.6% (126) Native American , 0.1% (20) Pacific Islander , 4.8% (974) from other races , and 4.3% (876) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.2% (2,673) of

Queens Village, Queens - Misplaced Pages Continue

2848-714: The Brooklyn–Queens Greenway . Queens Village is located in Queens Community District 13 and its ZIP Codes are 11427, 11428, and 11429. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department 's 105th Precinct. Politically, Queens Village is represented by the New York City Council 's 23rd District. Queens Village was founded as Little Plains in the 1640s. Homage to this part of Queens Village history

2937-717: The Hillside Maintenance Facility since 1991. The MTA Regional Bus Operations ' Q1 , Q2 , Q3 , Q36 , Q43 , Q76 , Q77 and Q110 buses serve Hollis. The Nassau Inter-County Express ' n1 , n6 , n6X , n22 , n24 and n26 service also stops at Hillside Avenue and Francis Lewis Boulevard, making drop-offs in the westbound direction and pick-ups in the eastbound direction. The New York City Subway 's E , ​ F , and <F> trains stop nearby at Jamaica-179th Street on Hillside Avenue. The Archer Avenue lines were supposed to be extended to Hollis as part of Program for Action ,

3026-623: The New York City Department of Education and include the following: Private schools include: The Queens Public Library operates the Queens Village branch at 94–11 217th Street. Queens Village station, located at Amboy Lane (on the corner of Springfield Boulevard and Jamaica Avenue), offers service on the Long Island Rail Road 's Hempstead Branch . Though no New York City Subway stations serve Queens Village, there are several bus routes that connect to

3115-513: The bourgeoisie ; later, with the further differentiation of classes as capitalist societies developed, the term came to be synonymous with the term petite bourgeoisie . The boom-and-bust cycles of capitalist economies result in the periodic (and more or less temporary) impoverishment and proletarianization of much of the petite bourgeois world, resulting in their moving back and forth between working-class and petite-bourgeois status. The typical modern definitions of "middle class" tend to ignore

3204-681: The "middle class" which stands between the ruling capitalist "owners of the means of production" and the working class (whose income is derived solely from hourly wages). Pioneer 20th century American Marxist theoretician Louis C. Fraina (Lewis Corey) defined the middle class as "the class of independent small enterprisers, owners of productive property from which a livelihood is derived". From Fraina's perspective, this social category included "propertied farmers" but not propertyless tenant farmers . Middle class also included salaried managerial and supervisory employees but not "the masses of propertyless, dependent salaried employees. Fraina speculated that

3293-447: The 'Rock' on a whistlestop tour of Queens. In the late 1960s, residents Cassia Campbell and Porscha Williams, reported that eleven year old Tony Tims and Daniel Gibson were the only people there initially when it was first painted; Tims claimed "I used my father's paint, met with Daniel. I would paint, he filmed it. I got the idea from a small rock that was painted Red, Black and Green in the square located at 122nd & Farmers Blvd, That's

3382-543: The 17th century. A century later, early in the American Revolutionary War , it was the site of part of the Battle of Long Island , a battle in which the revolutionary Brigadier General Nathaniel Woodhull was captured at a tavern on what is now Jamaica Avenue . Woodhull Avenue in Hollis is named after him. The area remained rural until 1885, when developers turned 136 acres (55 ha) into houses, and

3471-572: The 1990s as "New Labour" , a party competing with the Conservative Party for the votes of the middle-class as well as those of the Labour Party's traditional group of voters – the working-class. Around 40% of British people consider themselves to be middle class, and this number has remained relatively stable over the last few decades. According to the OECD , the middle class refers to households with income between 75% and 200% of

3560-471: The Chinese middle class differs substantially from its Western counterparts. Despite its growth, it remains a relatively small group profoundly joined with the Chinese state. This unique relationship challenges assumptions about its role in political change. Criticisms from this demographic often center on improving efficiency and social justice within the existing political framework, rather than advocating for

3649-471: The Chinese population were considered middle class as of 2017. China's middle class represents a significant market force with effects extending beyond its borders. The promise of increased prosperity and a consumer society has been a driving force behind this growth, while also suggesting the potential for political changes similar to those seen in Europe and North America. However, it's important to note that

Queens Village, Queens - Misplaced Pages Continue

3738-501: The John Hamburg Community Center, Kingsbury Elementary School (P.S. 188), Hollis Hills Civic Association, and Surrey Estates Homeowners Association. Queens Village, like many parts of Queens , is diverse. The neighborhood is mainly Caribbean American . Guyanese , Hispanic , Indian , Filipino , and Jamaican people also have significant populations among the 48,670 people living within the area. Formerly,

3827-664: The ages of between 0–17, 26% between 25–44, and 29% between 45–64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 9% and 16% respectively. As of 2017, the median household income in Community Board 13 was $ 85,857. In 2018, an estimated 13% of Queens Village residents lived in poverty, compared to 19% in all of Queens and 20% in all of New York City. One in twelve residents (8%) were unemployed, compared to 8% in Queens and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or

3916-491: The ages of between 0–17, 27% between 25–44, and 27% between 45–64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 10% and 14% respectively. As of 2017, the median household income in Community Board 12 was $ 61,670. In 2018, an estimated 20% of Hollis and Jamaica residents lived in poverty, compared to 19% in all of Queens and 20% in all of New York City. One in eight residents (12%) were unemployed, compared to 8% in Queens and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or

4005-512: The area is still developed primarily with single-family houses. In 1898, it became a part of New York City with the western towns of Queens County. Since the end of the Korean War , the neighborhood has been settled primarily by African-American families. In recent years, the area has seen a large influx of South Asians and West Indians. The area has a majority of working parents with many early childhood schools in Hollis. Based on data from

4094-623: The city sought the bucolic life afforded by the less-crowded atmosphere of the area. Today, many of those charming and well-maintained Dutch Colonial and Tudor homes built in Queens Village during the 1920s and 1930s continue to attract a diverse population. Lloyd Harbor, New York , which was formerly in Queens County but now in Suffolk County , was known as Queens Village from 1685 until as late as 1883. In 1885, known then as Lloyd Neck, it seceded from Queens County and became part of

4183-487: The city. In France , the middle classes helped drive the French Revolution . This "middle class" eventually overthrew the ruling monarchists of feudal society, thus becoming the new ruling class or bourgeoisie in the new capitalist-dominated societies. The modern usage of the term "middle-class", however, dates to the 1913 UK Registrar-General's report, in which the statistician T. H. C. Stevenson identified

4272-600: The citywide average of 20%. Additionally, 74% of high school students in Hollis and Jamaica graduate on time, about the same as the citywide average of 75%. Hollis's public schools are operated by the New York City Department of Education . Hollis contains the following public elementary schools, which serve grades PK-5 unless otherwise indicated: The following public middle and high schools are located in Hollis: The Queens Public Library operates two branches in Hollis. The Hollis branch

4361-584: The citywide averages of 22%, 8%, and 23% respectively. In addition, 20% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%. Eighty-six percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is slightly less than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 74% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", lower than the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in Queens Village, there are 14 bodegas . The nearest major hospitals are Jamaica Hospital and Queens Hospital Center , both located in Jamaica. Queens Village

4450-518: The developed one, since their money incomes do not match developed country levels, but the percentage of it which is discretionary does. By this definition, the number of middle-class people in Asia exceeded that in the West sometime around 2007 or 2008. The Economist 's article pointed out that in many emerging countries, the middle class has not grown incrementally but explosively. The point at which

4539-509: The driving force for sustainable development. This assumption, however, is contested (see below). As the American middle class is estimated by some researchers to comprise approximately 45% of the population, The Economist 's article would put the size of the American middle class below the world average. This difference is due to the extreme difference in definitions between The Economist 's and many other models . In 2010,

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4628-445: The east, and Murdock Avenue to the south. Hollis is located between Jamaica to the west and Queens Village to the east. Hollis is located in Queens Community District 12 and its ZIP Codes are 11423 and 11412. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department 's 103rd Precinct. Politically, Hollis is represented by the New York City Council 's 23rd and 27th Districts. The first European settlers were Dutch homesteaders in

4717-465: The entire category of salaried employees might be adequately described as a "new middle class" in economic terms, although this remained a social grouping in which "most of whose members are a new proletariat." In 1977, Barbara Ehrenreich and John Ehrenreich defined a new class in the United States as "salaried mental workers who do not own the means of production and whose major function in

4806-436: The exigencies of political purpose which they were conceived to serve in the first place as well as due to the multiplicity of more- or less-scientific methods used to measure and compare wealth between modern advanced industrial states, where poverty is relatively low and the distribution of wealth more egalitarian in a relative sense, and in developing countries, where poverty and a profoundly unequal distribution of wealth crush

4895-599: The fact that the classical petite-bourgeoisie is and has always been the owner of a small-to medium-sized business whose income is derived almost exclusively from the employment of workers; "middle class" came to refer to the combination of the labour aristocracy , professionals , and salaried, white-collar workers . The size of the middle class depends on how it is defined, whether by education, wealth , environment of upbringing, social network , manners or values, etc. These are all related, but are far from deterministically dependent. The following factors are often ascribed in

4984-552: The first sense, it is used for the bourgeoisie (the urban merchant and professional class) that arose between the aristocracy and the proletariat in the waning years of feudalism in the Marxist model. Vladimir Lenin stated that the "peasantry ... in Russia constitute eight- or nine-tenths of the petty bourgeoisie". However, in modern developed countries, Marxist writers define the petite bourgeoisie as primarily comprising (as

5073-404: The intersection of Hillside Avenue and Springfield Boulevard. Middle class Terminology differs in the United States , where the term middle class describes people who in other countries would be described as working class . There has been significant global middle-class growth over time. In February 2009, The Economist asserted that over half of the world's population belonged to

5162-468: The literature on this topic to a "middle class:" In the United States, by the end of the twentieth century, more people identified themselves as middle-class (with insignificant numbers identifying themselves as upper-class). The Labour Party in the UK, which grew out of the organised labour movement and originally drew almost all of its support from the working-class, reinvented itself under Tony Blair in

5251-426: The main route through this section of Queens Village. Hollis Hills is an affluent subsection, generally bounded by Springfield Boulevard to the east, Grand Central Parkway the south, Hollis Hills Terrace to the west, and Kingsbury Avenue and Richland Avenue the north. It is slightly above sea level due to a retreating glacier from the last Ice Age . A small pond called Potamogeton Pond exists at Bell Boulevard on

5340-426: The median national income. Marxism defines social classes according to their relationship with the means of production . The main basis of social class division of Marxism: the possession of means of production, the role and position it plays in social labor organization (production process), the distribution of wealth and resources and the amount. Marxist writers have used the term middle class in various ways. In

5429-583: The mid-1970s it was estimated by one authority that the Brazilian middle class comprised between 15 and 25% of the population. A 1969 economic survey estimated that 15% of Brazilians belonged to the middle class. By 1970, according to one study, the middle class of Argentina comprised 38% of the economically active population, compared with 19% in Brazil and 24% in Mexico . A 1975 study on Mexico estimated that

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5518-461: The middle class as those falling between the upper-class and the working-class . The middle class includes: professionals, managers, and senior civil servants. The chief defining characteristic of membership in the middle-class is control of significant human capital while still being under the dominion of the elite upper class, who control much of the financial and legal capital in the world. Within capitalism, "middle-class" initially referred to

5607-458: The middle class in 1968 (defined as families earning between 2,000 and 5,000 pesos annually) comprised 36.4% of the population, while the upper class (defined as families earning over 5,000 pesos annually) comprised 9.4% of the population and the lower class (defined as families earning less than 2,000 pesos annually) comprised 53.9% of the population. According to a study by the World Bank ,

5696-562: The middle class, as a result of rapid growth in emerging countries. It characterized the middle class as having a reasonable amount of discretionary income and defined it as beginning at the point where people have roughly a third of their income left for discretionary spending after paying for basic food and shelter. The term "middle class" is first attested in James Bradshaw's 1745 pamphlet Scheme to prevent running Irish Wools to France. Another phrase used in early modern Europe

5785-655: The millennial generation is being pushed out of the middle class throughout the Western world. Since the beginning of the 21st century, China 's middle class has grown by significant margins. According to the Center for Strategic and International Studies , by 2013, some 420 million people, or 31%, of the Chinese population qualified as middle class. Based on the World Bank definition of middle class as those having with daily spending between $ 10 and $ 50 per day, nearly 40% of

5874-428: The name implies) owners of small to medium-sized businesses, who derive their income from the exploitation of wage-laborers (and who are in turn exploited by the "big" bourgeoisie i.e. bankers, owners of large corporate trusts, etc.) as well as the highly educated professional class of doctors, engineers, architects, lawyers, university professors, salaried middle-management of capitalist enterprises of all sizes, etc. – as

5963-457: The north side of Grand Central Parkway. Most homes in Hollis Hills are of the Colonial, Tudor, and Ranch styles. Houses here attract predominantly the upper-middle class as some houses in the area can fetch prices of $ 1,500,000 or higher. This neighborhood, similar to Douglaston , is a quasi-suburb, with detached homes sitting on large tree-lined lots. Surrey Estates, a section of Hollis Hills,

6052-605: The number of Latin Americans who are middle class rose from 103 million to 152 million between 2003 and 2009. In 2012, the "middle class" in Russia was estimated as 15% of the whole population. Due to sustainable growth , the pre-crisis level was exceeded. In 2015, research from the Russian Academy of Sciences estimated that around 15% of the Russian population are "firmly middle class", while around another 25% are "on

6141-566: The percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 50% in Queens Village, lower than the boroughwide and citywide rates of 53% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018, Queens Village are considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying . Queens Village is patrolled by the 105th Precinct of the NYPD , located at 92–08 222nd Street. The 105th Precinct ranked 17th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. As of 2018, with

6230-536: The percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 56% in Hollis and Jamaica, higher than the boroughwide and citywide rates of 53% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018 , Hollis and Jamaica are considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying . Hollis and Jamaica are patrolled by the 103rd Precinct of the NYPD , located at 168-02 91st Avenue. The 103rd Precinct ranked 51st safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. As of 2018 , with

6319-431: The periphery". Hollis, Queens Hollis is a residential middle-class neighborhood within the southeastern section of the New York City borough of Queens . While a predominantly African-American community, there are small minorities of Hispanics and South Asians residing in the area. Boundaries are considered to be 181st Street to the west, Hillside Avenue to the north, Francis Lewis Boulevard to

6408-412: The poor do, and defined it as beginning at the point where people have roughly a third of their income left for discretionary spending after paying for basic food and shelter. This allows people to buy consumer goods, improve their health care, and provide for their children's education. Most of the emerging middle class consists of people who are middle class by the standards of the developing world but not

6497-491: The poor start entering the middle class by the millions is alleged to be the time when poor countries get the maximum benefit from cheap labour through international trade , before they price themselves out of world markets for cheap goods. It is also a period of rapid urbanization, when subsistence farmers abandon marginal farms to work in factories, resulting in a several-fold increase in their economic productivity before their wages catch up to international levels. That stage

6586-406: The population. The entirety of Community Board 12, which mainly comprises Jamaica but also includes Hollis, had 232,911 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 80.5 years. This is slightly lower than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are youth and middle-aged adults: 22% are between

6675-404: The population. The entirety of Community Board 13, which mainly comprises Queens Village but also includes other areas, had 193,787 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 82.9 years. This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are youth and middle-aged adults: 20% are between

6764-514: The real story." Tims painted the rock red, black, and green to symbolize the Black Power and Pan-African movements. This act of community activism was a way for the residents to express their cultural pride and reclaim their community, which was facing challenges such as poverty, crime, and neglect. At the time, the Liberty Rock was located in a predominantly minority neighborhood and served as an eyesore and gathering place for winos across from

6853-638: The same period, the proportion of " upper middle class " income ($ 20–$ 50 a day) went from 1.4% to 2.3%. According to a 2014 study by the German Development Institute, the middle class of Sub-Saharan Africa rose from 14 million to 31 million people between 1990 and 2010. Over the years estimates on the size of the Latin America 's middle class have varied. A 1960 study stated that the middle strata in Latin America as

6942-435: The same time period. Queens Village's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is less than the rest of New York City. In Queens Village, 15% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year , lower than the citywide average of 20%. Additionally, 83% of high school students in Queens Village graduate on time, higher than the citywide average of 75%. Public schools in Queens Village are operated by

7031-601: The section south of 104th Avenue is part of 11412. The United States Post Office operates one post office nearby: at the Hollis Station at 197-40 Jamaica Avenue. Hollis and Jamaica generally have a lower rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018 . While 29% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 19% have less than a high school education and 51% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 39% of Queens residents and 43% of city residents have

7120-698: The social division of labor ... [is] ... the reproduction of capitalist culture and capitalist class relations;" the Ehrenreichs named this group the "professional–managerial class". This group of middle-class professionals is distinguished from other social classes by their training and education (typically business qualifications and university degrees), with example occupations including academics and teachers , social workers , engineers , accountants , managers , nurses , and middle-level administrators. The Ehrenreichs developed their definition from studies by André Gorz , Serge Mallet, and others, of

7209-478: The subway, including MTA Regional Bus Operations ' Q1 , Q2 , Q27 , Q36 , Q43 , Q77 , Q83 , Q88 , Q110 , and Nassau Inter-County Express ' n1 , n6 , n6X , n22 , n22X , n24 and n26 routes. In addition, the MTA's X68 express bus runs directly to Manhattan. Queens Village is served by intercity buses operated by Greyhound . Short Line , and Adirondack Trailways also offers service. The buses stop near

7298-571: The town of Hempstead , but 1891 maps show it entirely in the town of Jamaica . After the Borough of Queens became incorporated as part of the City of Greater New York in 1898, and the new county of Nassau was created in 1899, the border between the city and Nassau County was set directly east of Queens Village. A 1901 article in the Brooklyn Eagle already uses the full name Queens Village ,

7387-539: The town of Huntington in Suffolk County. Bellaire is in western Queens Village next to Hollis and covers the area surrounding Jamaica Avenue and 211th Street. Bellaire is the largest section of Queens Village. The area considered Bellaire usually falls under the general title of Queens Village. There was once a Long Island Rail Road station named Bellaire . 211th Street, formerly known as Belleaire Boulevard has traffic medians on it indicating its history as

7476-580: The vast majority of the population. Many of these methods of comparison have been harshly criticised; for example, economist Thomas Piketty , in his book Capital in the Twenty-First Century , describes one of the most commonly used comparative measures of wealth across the globe, the Gini coefficient , as being an example of "synthetic indices ... which mix very different things, such as inequality with respect to labor and capital, so that it

7565-414: Was "the middling sort". The term "middle class" has had several and sometimes contradictory meanings. Friedrich Engels saw the category as an intermediate social class between the nobility and the peasantry in late-feudalist society. While the nobility owned much of the countryside, and the peasantry worked it, a new bourgeoisie (literally "town-dwellers") arose around mercantile functions in

7654-542: Was 52,504, a decrease of 5,200 (9.0%) from the 57,704 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 1,611.17 acres (652.02 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 32.6 inhabitants per acre (20,900/sq mi; 8,100/km). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 50.2% (26,376) African American , 16.0% (8,424) Asian , 6.3% (3,304) White , 0.5% (279) Native American , 0.1% (64) Pacific Islander , 3.9% (2,066) from other races and 4.4% (2,320) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18.4% (9,671) of

7743-517: Was estimated to be 11%, about the same as the citywide rate of 12%. The concentration of fine particulate matter , the deadliest type of air pollutant , in Queens Village is 0.0065 milligrams per cubic metre (6.5 × 10 oz/cu ft), less than the city average. Twelve percent of Queens Village residents are smokers , which is lower than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In Queens Village, 27% of residents are obese , 14% are diabetic , and 37% have high blood pressure —compared to

7832-465: Was reached in China sometime between 1990 and 2005, when the Chinese "middle class" grew from 15% to 62% of the population and is just being reached in India now. The Economist predicted that surge across the poverty line should continue for a couple of decades and the global middle class will grow exponentially between now and 2030. Based on the rapid growth, scholars expect the global middle class to be

7921-454: Was removed and placed elsewhere. Since the beginning of hip-hop , the neighborhood has been a hotbed of talent, sparked primarily by the fact that hip-hop producer and icon Russell Simmons is from this community, as is his brother Joseph , who along with his friends Darryl McDaniels and Jason Mizell formed the rap group Run-D.M.C. (who had a hit with the seasonal song " Christmas in Hollis "). Other notable residents include: Hollis

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