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Horace Greeley

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Phillips Exeter Academy (often called Exeter or PEA ) is a co-educational college-preparatory school in Exeter, New Hampshire . Established in 1781, it is America's sixth-oldest boarding school. It educates roughly 1,100 boarding and day students in grades 9 through 12, as well as postgraduate students.

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123-475: Horace Greeley (February 3, 1811 – November 29, 1872) was an American newspaper editor and publisher who was the founder and editor of the New-York Tribune . Long active in politics, he served briefly as a congressman from New York and was the unsuccessful candidate of the new Liberal Republican Party in the 1872 presidential election against incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant , who won by

246-573: A Universalist , breaking from his Congregationalist upbringing. In late 1831, Greeley went to New York City to seek his fortune. There were many young printers in New York who had likewise come to the metropolis, and he could only find short-term work. In 1832, Greeley worked as an employee of the publication Spirit of the Times . He built his resources and set up a print shop in that year. In 1833, he tried his hand with Horatio D. Sheppard at editing

369-579: A "great boon of Freedom". According to Williams, "Lincoln's war for Union was now also Greeley's war for emancipation." After the Union victory at Gettysburg in early July 1863, the Tribune wrote that the rebellion would be quickly "stamped out". A week after the battle, the New York City draft riots erupted. Greeley and the Tribune were generally supportive of conscription , though feeling that

492-418: A "new morning Journal of Politics, Literature, and General Intelligence". New Yorkers were not initially receptive; the first week's receipts were $ 92 and expenses $ 525. The paper was sold for a cent a copy by newsboys who purchased bundles of papers at a discount. The price of advertising was initially four cents a line but was quickly raised to six cents. Through the 1840s, the Tribune was four pages, that is,

615-503: A $ 5.6 million ($ 72 million in February 2024 dollars) fundraising drive, ending in 1948. Later that year, J. P. Morgan partner Thomas W. Lamont '88 (the former president of the board of trustees) left Exeter another $ 3.5 million in his will. Under Saltonstall, the academy maintained strong ties to elite universities, although like nearly all boarding schools, it lost ground to public schools during this period. Exeter served as one of

738-481: A Graham boarding house, became enthusiastic about other social movements that did not last and promoted them in his paper. He subscribed to the views of Charles Fourier , a French social thinker, then recently deceased, who proposed the establishment of settlements called "phalanxes" with a given number of people from various walks of life, who would function as a corporation and among whose members profits would be shared. Greeley, in addition to promoting Fourierism in

861-531: A bill that would have corrected the issue, but it was defeated. He was so disliked, he wrote a friend, that he had "divided the House into two parties—one that would like to see me extinguished and the other that wouldn't be satisfied without a hand in doing it." Other legislation introduced by Greeley, all of which failed, included attempts to end flogging in the Navy and to ban alcohol from its ships. He tried to change

984-836: A boarding house run on the diet principles of Sylvester Graham , eschewing meat, alcohol, coffee, tea, and spices, as well as abstaining from the use of tobacco. Greeley was subscribing to Graham's principles at the time, and to the end of his life rarely ate meat. Mary Cheney, a schoolteacher, moved to North Carolina to take a teaching job in 1835. They were married in Warrenton, North Carolina , on July 5, 1836, and an announcement duly appeared in The New-Yorker eleven days later. Greeley had stopped over in Washington, D.C., on his way south to observe Congress. He took no honeymoon with his new wife, returning to work while his wife took up

1107-653: A campaign biography by an anonymous author for the first Republican presidential candidate, John C. Frémont . The Tribune continued to print a wide variety of material. In 1851, its managing editor, Charles A. Dana , recruited Karl Marx as a foreign correspondent in London. Marx collaborated with Friedrich Engels on his work for the Tribune , which continued for over a decade, covering 500 articles. Greeley felt compelled to print, "Mr. Marx has very decided opinions of his own, with some of which we are far from agreeing, but those who do not read his letters are neglecting one of

1230-638: A college-preparatory school. Amen cleaned up Exeter's social image, as the student body had acquired a reputation for unruly behavior. He doubled tuition from $ 75 to $ 150 between 1895 and 1899, and claimed in 1903 that he had expelled 400 boys in eight years. He also improved the academy's residential facilities; by 1903 two-thirds of Exeter students were living on campus. Despite the expulsions, Exeter's new-look mission resonated with parents, and enrollment jumped to 390 in 1903 and 572 in 1913. From 1890 to 1894, 67% of Exeter's college-bound students went on to Harvard, Yale or Princeton. 60-odd years later, in 1953,

1353-564: A daily newspaper, the New York Morning Post , which was not a success. Despite this failure and its attendant financial loss, Greeley published the thrice-weekly Constitutionalist , which mostly printed lottery results. On March 22, 1834, he published the first issue of The New-Yorker in partnership with Jonas Winchester. It was less expensive than other literary magazines of the time and published both contemporary ditties and political commentary. Circulation reached 9,000, then

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1476-640: A fraction of the submitted manuscripts. Typical responsibilities of editors-in-chief include: Phillips Exeter Academy Exeter is one of the nation's wealthiest boarding schools, with a financial endowment of $ 1.5 billion as of June 2023 and the world's largest high school library . The academy admits students on a need-blind basis and offers free tuition to students with family incomes under $ 125,000. Its list of notable alumni includes U.S. President Franklin Pierce , U.S. Senator Daniel Webster , Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg , and three winners of

1599-769: A landslide despite having the additional support of the Democratic Party . He was devastated by the death of his wife five days before the election and died one month later, prior to the meeting of the Electoral College . Greeley was born on February 3, 1811, on a small farm about five miles from Amherst, New Hampshire . He could not breathe for the first twenty minutes of his life. It is suggested that this deprivation may have caused him to develop Asperger's syndrome —some of his biographers, such as Mitchell Snay, maintain that this condition would account for his eccentric behaviors in later life. His father's family

1722-667: A landslide. Greeley was born to a poor family in Amherst, New Hampshire . He was apprenticed to a printer in Vermont and went to New York City in 1831 to seek his fortune. He wrote for or edited several publications, involved himself in Whig Party politics, and took a significant part in William Henry Harrison 's successful 1840 presidential campaign. The following year, Greeley founded the Tribune , which became

1845-645: A liberal faction of the Whigs in his newspaper, the Albany Evening Journal . He hired Greeley as editor of the state Whig newspaper for the upcoming campaign. The newspaper, the Jeffersonian , premiered in February 1838 and helped elect the Whig candidate for governor, William H. Seward . In 1839, Greeley worked for several journals, and took a month-long break to go as far west as Detroit. Greeley

1968-585: A living as a hired hand, Horace Greeley read everything he could—the Greeleys had a neighbor who let Horace use his library. In 1822, Horace ran away from home to become a printer's apprentice , but was told he was too young. In 1826, at age 15, Greeley was made a printer's apprentice to Amos Bliss, editor of the Northern Spectator , a newspaper in East Poultney, Vermont . There, he learned

2091-412: A member of their class. Exeter's Principal at the time, Gideon Lane Soule , is said to have told them "You may do as you please — your classmate will stay." After a brief interlude in the 1880s when Exeter's focus partially shifted from college preparation to general education and only 18% of Exeter students went on to college, Charles Everett Fish (p. 1890–95) restored academic standards by adopting

2214-627: A new standard in American journalism by its combination of energy in newsgathering with good taste, high moral standards, and intellectual appeal. Police reports, scandals, dubious medical advertisements, and flippant personalities were barred from its pages; the editorials were vigorous but usually temperate; the political news was the most exact in the city; book reviews and book-extracts were numerous; and as an inveterate lecturer Greeley gave generous space to lectures. The paper appealed to substantial and thoughtful people. Greeley, who had met his wife at

2337-419: A new way of teaching and learning, for which Harkness would donate funds to foot the bill: What I have in mind is a classroom where students could sit around a table with a teacher who would talk with them and instruct them by a sort of tutorial or conference method, where each student would feel encouraged to speak up. This would be a real revolution in methods. The result was "The Harkness Method," in which

2460-455: A newspaper, and the daily press came to dominate the weekly, which had once been the more common format for news periodicals. Greeley borrowed money from friends to get started, and published the first issue of the Tribune on April 10, 1841—the day of a memorial parade in New York for President Harrison, who had died after a month in office and been replaced by Vice President Tyler. In the first issue, Greeley promised that his newspaper would be

2583-562: A policy of expelling students who could not attain a C average. A student in the Class of 1892 recalled that "[t]here was no real discipline ... the only measure of a boy's quality was his scholarship. If that was satisfactory, little else mattered." The percentages of students going on to college recovered rapidly to 1870s levels, although the student body shrank significantly, dropping from 355 in 1890 to 123 in 1895. Fish's successor Harlan Page Amen (p. 1895–1913) solidified Exeter's mission as

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2706-544: A replacement. When he was attacked in print, Greeley responded in kind. He launched a campaign against corruption in the New York Legislature , hoping voters would defeat incumbents and the new legislators would elect him to the Senate when Seward's term expired in 1861. (Before 1913, senators were elected by state legislatures.) But his main activity during the campaign of 1860 was boosting Lincoln and denigrating

2829-402: A single sheet folded. It initially had 600 subscribers and 5,000 copies were sold of the first issue. In the early days, Greeley's chief assistant was Henry J. Raymond , who a decade later founded The New York Times . To place the Tribune on a sound financial footing, Greeley sold a half-interest in it to attorney Thomas McElrath (1807–1888), who became publisher of the Tribune (Greeley

2952-407: A sizable number, yet it was ill-managed and eventually fell victim to the economic Panic of 1837 . He also published the campaign newssheet of the new Whig Party in New York for the 1834 campaign, and came to believe in its positions, including free markets with government assistance in developing the nation. Soon after his move to New York City, Greeley met Mary Young Cheney . Both were living at

3075-401: A teacher and a group of students work together, exchanging ideas and information in a seminar setting. In November 1930, Harkness gave Exeter $ 5.8 million (approximately $ 110 million in February 2024 dollars) to support this initiative. To support the more intensive teaching style, Exeter's faculty grew from 32 teachers in 1914 to 82 in 1946. In addition, through Harkness' largesse, the academy

3198-541: A teaching job in New York City. One of the positions taken by The New-Yorker was that the unemployed of the cities should seek lives in the developing American West (in the 1830s, the West encompassed today's Midwestern states). The harsh winter of 1836–1837 and the financial crisis that developed soon after made many New Yorkers homeless and destitute. In his journal, Greeley urged new immigrants to buy guide books on

3321-514: A top-ten spot at the National High School Mock Trial Championship. Close to 80% of students live in the dormitories, with the other 20% commuting from homes within a 30-mile (48 km) radius. Each residence hall has several faculty members and senior student proctors. There are check-in hours of 8:00 pm (for first- and second-year students), 9:00pm (for third years), and 10:00 pm (for seniors) during

3444-636: A total enrollment of 1,078 students. Exeter enrolls a racially and ethnically diverse student body; in the 2023–2024 school year, 56.0% of Exeter students identified as students of color . Of the 314 incoming students for the 2019–2020 school year, 52% previously attended U.S. public schools. In September 2023, the Exeter student body included students from 43 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and 38 countries. 8.0% of students are international students, and another 6.5% are U.S. citizens residing outside

3567-460: A two-hour interview with the Mormon leader Brigham Young —the first newspaper interview Young had given. Greeley encountered Native Americans and was sympathetic but, like many of his time, deemed Indian culture inferior. In California, he toured widely and gave many addresses. Although he remained on cordial terms with Senator Seward, Greeley never seriously considered supporting him in his bid for

3690-507: A variety of New England private schools such as Belmont Hill School , Berwick Academy , Deerfield Academy , Northfield Mount Hermon , Brewster Academy , Choate Rosemary Hall , Groton School , The Governor's Academy , Loomis Chaffee , Tabor Academy , Milton Academy , Avon Old Farms , Worcester Academy , Cushing Academy , and various other northeastern prep and boarding schools. The academy has over 100 clubs listed. The number of functioning and reputable clubs fluctuates; several of

3813-462: Is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because it helps to save the Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I do not believe it would help to save

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3936-424: Is a publication's editorial leader who has final responsibility for its operations and policies. The editor-in-chief heads all departments of the organization and is held accountable for delegating tasks to staff members and managing them. The term is often used at newspapers , magazines , yearbooks , and television news programs. The editor-in-chief is commonly the link between the publisher or proprietor and

4059-451: Is pinned to the residue by bayonets. Similar editorials appeared through January 1861, after which Tribune editorials took a hard line on the South, opposing concessions. Williams concludes that "for a brief moment, Horace Greeley had believed that peaceful secession might be a form of freedom preferable to civil war". This brief flirtation with disunion would have consequences for Greeley—it

4182-430: Is worth 11 points and an E is worth 0 points. The academy's student-teacher ratio is 6:1, and 93% of Exeter faculty have postgraduate degrees. Students who attend Exeter for four years are required to take courses in the arts, classical or modern languages, computer science, English, health & human development, history, mathematics, religion, and science. Most students receive an English diploma, but students who take

4305-630: The COVID-19 pandemic . Exeter has admitted students on a need-blind basis since 2021. It previously adopted a need-blind admissions policy from 2006 to 2009, but was forced to abandon the policy due to the 2007–2008 financial crisis . In the 2023–2024 school year, 13% of the students were legacy students . In the 2023–2024 school year, Exeter enrolled 206 freshmen (in academy jargon, "juniors" or "preps"), 264 sophomores ("lower middlers" or "lowers"), 285 juniors ("upper middlers" or "uppers"), and 323 seniors and postgraduates ("seniors" and "PGs"), for

4428-547: The Compromise of 1850 , which gave victories to both sides of the slavery issue, before finally opposing it. In the 1852 presidential campaign , he supported the Whig candidate, General Winfield Scott , but savaged the Whig platform for its support of the Compromise. "We defy it, execrate it, spit upon it." Such party divisions contributed to Scott's defeat by former New Hampshire senator Franklin Pierce . In 1853, with

4551-458: The District of Columbia . Lincoln supposedly asked a Tribune correspondent, "What in the world is the matter with Uncle Horace? Why can't he restrain himself and wait a little while?" Greeley's prodding of Lincoln culminated in a letter to him on August 19, 1862, reprinted on the following day in the Tribune as "The Prayer of Twenty Millions". By this time, Lincoln had informed his Cabinet of

4674-563: The Log Cabin widely. Harrison and his running mate John Tyler were easily elected. By the end of the 1840 campaign, the Log Cabin' s circulation had risen to 80,000 and Greeley decided to establish a daily newspaper, the New-York Tribune . At the time, New York had many newspapers, dominated by James Gordon Bennett 's New York Herald , which, with a circulation of about 55,000, had more readers than its combined competition. As technology advanced, it became cheaper and easier to publish

4797-619: The Mexican–American War . Greeley opposed both the war and the expansion of slavery into the new territories seized from Mexico and feared Taylor would support expansion as president. Greeley considered endorsing former President Martin Van Buren , candidate of the Free Soil Party , but finally endorsed Taylor, who was elected; the editor was rewarded for his loyalty with the congressional term. Greeley vacillated on support for

4920-474: The Nobel Prize . Phillips Exeter Academy was established in 1781 by John and Elizabeth Phillips , prominent citizens of Exeter, New Hampshire. It is the nation's sixth-oldest boarding school. John Phillips had earned degrees from Harvard College and came to Exeter as a young man in 1741, initially as a teacher. He made his fortune as a merchant and banker, and gained influence over time as an advisor to

5043-475: The Tribune regretted the loss of the fort, but applauded the fact that war to subdue the rebels, who formed the Confederate States of America , would now take place. The paper criticized Lincoln for not being quick to use force. Through the spring and early summer of 1861, Greeley and the Tribune beat the drum for a Union attack. "On to Richmond", a phrase coined by a Tribune stringer , became

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5166-498: The Tribune was urging in its editorials. This was a change in Greeley's thinking which began after First Manassas, a shift from preservation of the Union being the primary war purpose to wanting the war to end slavery. By March, the only action against slavery that Lincoln had backed was a proposal for compensated emancipation in the border states that had remained loyal to the Union, though he signed legislation abolishing slavery in

5289-416: The Tribune , for which she wrote over 200 articles. She lived with the Greeley family for several years, and when she moved to Italy, he made her a foreign correspondent. He promoted the work of Henry David Thoreau , serving as literary agent and seeing to it that Thoreau's work was published. Ralph Waldo Emerson also benefited from Greeley's promotion. Historian Allan Nevins explained: The Tribune set

5412-643: The Tribune , was associated with two such settlements, both of which eventually failed, though the town that eventually developed on the site of the one in Pennsylvania was after his death renamed Greeley . In November 1848, Congressman David S. Jackson , a Democrat, of New York's 6th district was unseated for election fraud. Jackson's term was to expire in March 1849 but, during the 19th century, Congress convened annually in December, making it important to fill

5535-474: The Tribune . Lincoln eagerly accepted, "having him firmly behind me will be as helpful to me as an army of one hundred thousand men." By early 1862, however, Greeley was again sometimes critical of the administration, frustrated by the failure to win decisive military victories, and perturbed at the president's slowness to commit to the emancipation of the slaves once the Confederacy was defeated, something

5658-508: The U.S. Constitution , left $ 1,000 to Exeter to teach sacred music . The academy's first schoolhouse, the First Academy Building, was built on a site on Tan Lane in 1783, and today stands not far from its original location. The building was dedicated on February 20, 1783, the same day that the school's first Preceptor, William Woodbridge , was chosen by John Phillips. Exeter's Deed of Gift, written by John Phillips at

5781-519: The United Kingdom . He easily won the November election and took his seat when Congress convened in December 1848. Greeley's selection was procured by the influence of his ally, Thurlow Weed . As a congressman for three months, Greeley introduced legislation for a homestead act that would allow settlers who improved land to purchase it at low rates—a fourth of what speculators would pay. He

5904-756: The dark horse candidates for the Republican nomination, Abraham Lincoln, came to New York to give an address at Cooper Union , Greeley urged his readers to go hear Lincoln, and was among those who accompanied him to the platform. Greeley thought of Lincoln as a possible nominee for vice president. Greeley attended the convention as a substitute for Oregon delegate Leander Holmes, who was unable to attend. In Chicago, he promoted Bates but deemed his cause hopeless and felt that Seward would be nominated. In conversations with other delegates, he predicted that, if nominated, Seward could not carry crucial battleground states such as Pennsylvania. Greeley's estrangement from Seward

6027-716: The 2021-22 school year, Exeter reported total assets of $ 1.91 billion, net assets of $ 1.71 billion, investment holdings of $ 1.22 billion, and cash holdings of $ 242.6 million. Exeter also reported $ 124.0 million in program service expenses and $ 25.3 million in grants (primarily student financial aid ). Exeter offers 65 interscholastic sports teams at the varsity and junior varsity level, 27 intramural sports teams, and various fitness classes. All students are required to participate in athletics. Basketball, water polo, wrestling, swimming, cycling, soccer, squash, cross country, crew , and ice hockey teams have won recent New England championships. Exeter has graduated multiple elite athletes in

6150-520: The 20th century, criteria for U.S. college and university admissions evolved to include more meritocratic considerations and an emphasis on wider demographic factors. Exeter reports that while 10 or more students attended seven of the eight Ivy League colleges (ex. Dartmouth) and MIT between the years 2022-24, 10 or more students also attended Boston College , Bowdoin , GWU , Georgetown , NYU , Northeastern , Tufts , UChicago , USC , and Wesleyan . Exeter uses an 11-point grading system, in which an A

6273-861: The Chinese government that the students were becoming Americanized. Lewis Perry was appointed principal in 1914 and ran the academy until 1946. Although his early years were marked by grave financial difficulties, including a $ 200,000 bill to rebuild the Academy Building (destroyed by fire five months into Perry's administration) and the disruption of World War I , he had a "talent for getting wealthy men to part with their money." A professional fundraiser, he did not teach classes; instead, he "spen[t] much time away from school spreading Exeter's fame and obtaining endowments." Exeter's endowment increased ninefold during his tenure. In 1936, Exeter boasted an $ 8 million endowment for roughly 700 students, making it

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6396-479: The Cotton States shall become satisfied that they can do better out of the Union than in it, we insist on letting them go in peace. The right to secede may be a revolutionary one, but it exists nevertheless.... And whenever a considerable section of our Union shall deliberately resolve to go out, we shall resist all coercive measures designed to keep it in. We hope never to live in a republic whereof one section

6519-1314: The Foreign Studies Program began. Exeter offers the Washington Intern Program, where students intern in the office of a senator or congressional representative. Exeter also participates in the Milton Academy Mountain School program, which allows students to study in a small rural setting in Vershire, Vermont . The academy currently sponsors trimester-long foreign study programs in Grenoble , Tema , Tokyo , Saint Petersburg , Stratford-upon-Avon , Eleuthera , Taichung , Göttingen , Rome , Cuenca , and Callan ; as well as school-year abroad programs in Beijing, Rennes , Viterbo , and Zaragoza . The academy also offers foreign language summer programs in France, Japan, Spain, and Taiwan. Exeter typically accepts from 14-16% of applicants annually, including 16% in 2023. The admission rate briefly dropped to 10% during

6642-684: The French minister to Washington, Henri Mercier , to discuss a mediated settlement. However, Seward rejected such talks, and the prospect of European intervention receded after the bloody Union victory at Antietam in September 1862. In July 1864, Greeley received word that there were Confederate commissioners in Canada, empowered to offer peace. In fact, the men were in Niagara Falls , Canada, in order to aid Peace Democrats and otherwise undermine

6765-572: The General Manager of the Philadelphia Phillies in 2020. Exeter's main athletic rival is Phillips Academy, Andover. The two schools have been competing against each other in both baseball and football since 1878 (in those first games, Exeter defeated Andover 12–0 in baseball, while Andover won the football game, 22-0). Today, Exeter-Andover weekend is still a large tradition in both schools. Other athletic opponents include

6888-554: The Harkness Method, including the Harkness Table, are now used in many independent schools around the world. The Class of 2023's average combined SAT score was 1434 (713 reading, 721 math). Although Exeter does not offer AP courses, its students may take AP exams if they wish; the Class of 2023's pass rate was 94%. During the tenure of Exeter's tenth principal, Richard W. Day , the Washington Intern Program and

7011-799: The PEAN, which is the academy's yearbook. Exeter also has the oldest surviving secondary school society, the Golden Branch (founded in 1818), a society for public speaking, inspired by PEA's Rhetorical Society of 1807–1820. Now known as the Daniel Webster Debate Society, these groups served as America's first secondary school organization for oratory . The Model UN club has won the "Best Small Delegation" award at HMUN . Exeter's Mock Trial Association, founded by attorney and historian Walter Stahr, has since 2011 claimed seventeen individual titles, five all-around state titles, and

7134-541: The Republican nomination for president. Instead, during the run-up to the 1860 Republican National Convention in Chicago, he pressed the candidacy of former Missouri representative Edward Bates , an opponent of the spread of slavery who had freed his own slaves. In his newspaper, in speeches, and in conversation, Greeley pushed Bates as a man who could win the North and even make inroads in the South. Nevertheless, when one of

7257-450: The Senate. Weed wanted William M. Evarts elected in his place, while the anti-Seward forces in New York gathered around Greeley. The crucial battleground was the Republican caucus, as the party held the majority in the legislature. Greeley's forces did not have enough votes to send him to the Senate, but they had enough strength to block Evarts's candidacy. Weed threw his support to Ira Harris , who had already received several votes, and who

7380-650: The Union war effort, but they played along when Greeley journeyed to Niagara Falls, at Lincoln's request. The president was willing to consider any deal that included reunion and emancipation. The Confederates had no credentials and were unwilling to accompany Greeley to Washington under safe conduct. Greeley returned to New York, and the episode, when it became public, embarrassed the administration. Lincoln said nothing publicly concerning Greeley's credulous conduct, but he privately indicated that he had no confidence in him anymore. Newspaper editor An editor-in-chief ( EIC ), also known as lead editor or chief editor ,

7503-510: The Union." Lincoln's statement angered abolitionists; William Seward's wife Frances complained to her husband that Lincoln had made it seem "that the mere keeping together a number of states is more important than human freedom." Greeley felt Lincoln had not truly answered him, "but I'll forgive him everything if he'll issue the proclamation". When Lincoln did, on September 22, Greeley hailed the Emancipation Proclamation as

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7626-500: The United States. Most Exeter students (79%) live on campus. The remaining 21% are day students who commute to Exeter from nearby communities. In the 2023–2024 school year, Exeter charged boarding students $ 64,789 and day students $ 50,604, plus other mandatory and optional fees. 44% of Exeter students are on financial aid , which covers, on average, $ 56,251 for boarders and $ 36,353 for day students. Exeter and Andover are

7749-600: The West, and Congress to make public lands available for purchase at cheap rates to settlers. He told his readers, "Fly, scatter through the country, go to the Great West, anything rather than remain here ... the West is the true destination." In 1838, he advised "any young man" about to start in the world, "Go to the West: there your capabilities are sure to be appreciated and your energy and industry rewarded." In 1838, Greeley met Albany editor Thurlow Weed . Weed spoke for

7872-484: The academy's coeducational status, a new gender-inclusive Latin inscription Hic Quaerite Pueri Puellaeque Virtutem et Scientiam ("Here, boys and girls, seek goodness and knowledge") was added over the main entrance to the Academy Building. This new inscription augments the original one— Huc Venite, Pueri, ut Viri Sitis ("Come hither boys so that ye may become men"). In 1999, 55% of incoming Exeter students came from public schools. On January 25, 2019, William K. Rawson

7995-496: The basement of Phillips Church in late 2015 brought criticism to the Academy. An in-depth investigation uncovered sexual misconduct that had occurred at Exeter since the 1970s and involved at least 11 members of the faculty and staff. The report harshly criticized the school for not supporting victims when they reported incidents and for a pattern of not including these allegations in faculty members' files. In April 2016, Exeter hired

8118-584: The best talent that he could find. Greeley's alliance with William H. Seward and Thurlow Weed led to his serving three months in the U.S. House of Representatives , where he angered many by investigating Congress in his newspaper. In 1854, he helped found the Republican Party . Republican newspapers across the nation regularly reprinted his editorials. During the Civil War , he mostly supported President Abraham Lincoln but urged him to commit to

8241-477: The colleges of their choice. From 1953 to 1963, the percentage of Exeter graduates admitted to Harvard, Yale, or Princeton declined by a third, from 67% to 42%. Faced with a decline in applicants, the academy responded by broadening its student body. In 1969, Exeter stopped requiring students to attend a weekly religious service. In 1970, it became coeducational; it later appointed its first female principal ( Kendra Stearns O'Donnell ) in 1987. In 1996, to reflect

8364-804: The colonial governor, circuit court judge, elected representative, and senior militia officer in the years leading up to the Revolutionary War. In 1778, he supported his nephew, Samuel Phillips Jr. , financially when the latter founded Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts , about 40 miles distant. As result of this original family relationship, the two schools share a friendly and historic rivalry . John Phillips stipulated in Exeter's founding charter that it would "ever be equally open to youth of requisite qualifications from every quarter." The new academy benefited from donors besides John Phillips. Phillips had previously been married to Sarah Gilman,

8487-500: The corresponding number was 67% for the entire academy. From 1879 to 1881, Exeter (and several other schools) participated in the Chinese Educational Mission , hosting students from Qing China who were sent to the United States to learn about Western technology. However, all students were recalled after just 2 years due to mounting tensions between the United States and China, as well as growing concern within

8610-496: The early 2000s. Most classes at Exeter are taught seminar-style around Harkness Tables with no more than 10-12 students per class period. No classrooms have rows of desks or chairs, and lectures are uncommon. The completion of the Phelps Science Center in 2001 enabled all science classes, which previously had been taught in more conventional classrooms, to be conducted around the same Harkness Tables. Elements of

8733-438: The editorial staff. The term is also applied to academic journals , where the editor-in-chief gives the ultimate decision whether a submitted manuscript will be published. This decision is made by the editor-in-chief after seeking input from reviewers selected on the basis of relevant expertise. For larger journals, the decision is often upon the recommendation of one of several associate editors who each have responsibility for

8856-576: The end of slavery before Lincoln was willing to do so. After Lincoln's assassination , he supported the Radical Republicans in opposition to President Andrew Johnson . He broke with the Radicals and with Republican President Ulysses Grant because of the party's corruption and Greeley's view that Reconstruction-era policies were no longer needed. Greeley was the new Liberal Republican Party 's presidential nominee in 1872 . He lost in

8979-542: The end of the 1840s, Greeley's Tribune was not only solidly established in New York as a daily paper, it was highly influential nationally through its weekly edition, which circulated in rural areas and small towns. Journalist Bayard Taylor deemed its influence in the Midwest second only to that of the Bible. According to Williams, the Tribune could mold public opinion through Greeley's editorials more effectively than could

9102-570: The farm he had purchased in Chappaqua, Greeley returned to the Tribune and a policy of general backing of the Lincoln administration, even having kind words to say about Secretary Seward, his old foe. He was supportive even during the military defeats of the first year of the war. Late in 1861, he proposed to Lincoln through an intermediary that the president provide him with advance information as to its policies, in exchange for friendly coverage in

9225-400: The first New York state Republican Convention in 1854 and was disappointed not to be nominated either for governor or lieutenant governor. The switch in parties coincided with the end of two of his longtime political alliances: in December 1854, Greeley wrote that the political partnership between Weed, William Seward (who was by then senator after serving as governor) and himself was ended "by

9348-430: The founding of the school, states that Exeter's mission is to instill in its students both goodness and knowledge: "Above all, it is expected that the attention of instructors to the disposition of the minds and morals of the youth under their charge will exceed every other care; well considering that though goodness without knowledge is weak and feeble, yet knowledge without goodness is dangerous, and that both united form

9471-729: The free-labor ideology of the Whigs and the radical wing of the Republican Party, especially in promoting the free-labor ideology. Before 1848 he sponsored an American version of Fourierist socialist reform. but backed away after the failed revolutions of 1848 in Europe. To promote multiple reforms Greeley hired a roster of writers who later became famous in their own right, including Margaret Fuller , Charles A. Dana, George William Curtis , William Henry Fry , Bayard Taylor , Julius Chambers , and Henry Jarvis Raymond , who later co-founded The New York Times . For many years George Ripley

9594-534: The full series of Latin and Ancient Greek classes receive a Classical diploma. Although Exeter administrators helped originate the Advanced Placement program, Exeter no longer offers AP courses, asserting that some of its courses "go well beyond the AP curriculum" and often reach "the pace and level of college courses." Exeter was one of the first private schools to begin phasing out AP classes, starting in

9717-512: The highest-circulating newspaper in the country through weekly editions sent by mail. Among many other issues, he urged the settlement of the American Old West , which he saw as a land of opportunity for the young and the unemployed. He popularized the slogan " Go West, young man, and grow up with the country ." He endlessly promoted radical reforms such as socialism , vegetarianism , agrarianism , feminism , and temperance and hired

9840-540: The legislation in his newspaper. After it passed, and the Border War broke out in Kansas Territory , Greeley was part of efforts to send free-state settlers there, and to arm them. In return, proponents of slavery recognized Greeley and the Tribune as adversaries, stopping shipments of the paper to the South and harassing local agents. Nevertheless, by 1858, the Tribune reached 300,000 subscribers through

9963-472: The listed clubs on the website do not hold tables on Club Night. The Exonian is the school's weekly newspaper. It is the oldest continuously running preparatory school newspaper in the United States, having begun publishing in 1878. Recently, The Exonian began online publication. The Exonian has been a finalist for a National Pacemaker Award several times, winning in 2007. Other long-established clubs include ESSO, which focuses on social service outreach, and

10086-533: The mechanics of a printer's job, and acquired a reputation as the town encyclopedia, reading his way through the local library. When the paper closed in 1830, the young man went west to join his family, living near Erie, Pennsylvania . He remained there only briefly, going from town to town seeking newspaper employment, and was hired by the Erie Gazette . Although ambitious for greater things, he remained until 1831 to help support his father. While there, he became

10209-567: The most instructive sources of information on the great questions of current European politics." Greeley sponsored a host of reforms, including pacifism and feminism and especially the ideal of the hard-working free laborer. Greeley demanded reforms to make all citizens free and equal. He envisioned virtuous citizens who would eradicate corruption. He talked endlessly about progress, improvement, and freedom, while calling for harmony between labor and capital. Greeley's editorials promoted social democratic reforms and were widely reprinted. They influenced

10332-438: The name of the United States to "Columbia", abolish slavery in the District of Columbia, and increase tariffs. One lasting effect of the term of Congressman Greeley was his friendship with a fellow Whig, serving his only term in the House, Illinois's Abraham Lincoln . Greeley's term ended after March 3, 1849, and he returned to New York and the Tribune , having, according to Williams, "failed to achieve much except notoriety". By

10455-455: The noblest character, and lay the surest foundation of usefulness to mankind." In the early 1800s, a deep religious divide opened up between Unitarian Harvard and Calvinist Yale. As a result, Unitarian-friendly Exeter developed a closer relationship with Harvard and Calvinist-friendly Andover with Yale. Although originally, most Exeter graduates did not go on to further formal education (as with most 18th and 19th Century secondary schools),

10578-474: The ones that did placed at Harvard in substantial numbers. From 1846 to 1870, Exeter supplanted Boston Latin School as Harvard's largest feeder school, supplying 16% of all Harvard students during that period. In the latter half of the 19th century, graduates of Exeter and the now-defunct Adams Academy of Quincy, Massachusetts were "dominant socially" on Harvard Yard. Exeter's first recorded minority student

10701-521: The only two co-educational prep schools in the United States that both admit students on a need-blind basis and offer financial aid that covers 100% of demonstrated financial need for every admitted student. Since 2008, Exeter has also guaranteed free tuition for families with incomes under a certain threshold, initially set at $ 75,000. In 2024, Exeter raised the threshold to $ 125,000. Exeter's financial endowment stands at $ 1.5 billion as of June 30, 2023. In its Internal Revenue Service filings for

10824-416: The other presidential candidates. He made it clear that a Republican administration would not interfere with slavery where it already was and denied that Lincoln was in favor of voting rights for African Americans. He kept up the pressure until Lincoln was elected in November. Lincoln soon let it be known that Seward would be Secretary of State , which meant that he would not be a candidate for re-election to

10947-852: The party increasingly divided over the slavery issue, Greeley printed an editorial disclaiming the paper's identity as Whig and declaring it to be nonpartisan. He was confident that the paper would not suffer financially, trusting in reader loyalty. Some in the party were not sorry to see him go: the Republic , a Whig organ, mocked Greeley and his beliefs: "If a party is to be built up and maintained on Fourierism , Mesmerism , Maine Liquor laws , Spiritual Rappings , Kossuthism , Socialism , Abolitionism , and forty other isms , we have no disposition to mix with any such companions." When, in 1854, Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas introduced his Kansas–Nebraska Bill , allowing residents of each territory to decide whether it would be slave or free, Greeley strongly fought

11070-779: The past few decades. For example, crew Olympians include Anne Marden '76, Rajanya Shah '92, Sabrina Kolker '98, and Andréanne Morin '02. Georgia Gould is an Olympic medalist in mountain biking, while Joy Fahrenkrog is a member of the United States Archery Team. Duncan Robinson plays for the Miami Heat in the National Basketball Association . Tom Cavanagh played in the National Hockey League . Sam Fuld played 8 years of Major League Baseball , and became

11193-517: The preliminary Emancipation Proclamation he had composed, and Greeley was told of it the same day the prayer was printed. In his letter, Greeley demanded action on emancipation and strict enforcement of the Confiscation Acts . Lincoln must "fight slavery with liberty", and not fight "wolves with the devices of a sheep." Lincoln's reply would become famous, much more so than the prayer that provoked it. "My paramount object in this struggle

11316-399: The president. Greeley sharpened those skills over time, laying down what future Secretary of State John Hay , who worked for the Tribune in the 1870s, deemed the "Gospel according to St. Horace". The Tribune remained a Whig paper, but Greeley took an independent course. In 1848 , he had been slow to endorse the Whig presidential nominee, General Zachary Taylor , a Louisianan and hero of

11439-477: The religious service of their choice was required of students until 1969, after which religion at Exeter stagnated until it was revived by a new approach "as concerned with the religious dimension of all of our lives as it is with the particular religious needs of any one of us." A renovation of Phillips Church, completed in 2002, provided spaces for worship and meditation for students of diverse religious persuasions. An incident of student misconduct that occurred in

11562-560: The rich should not be allowed to evade it by hiring substitutes. Support for the draft made them targets of the mob, and the Tribune Building was surrounded, and at least once invaded. Greeley secured arms from the Brooklyn Navy Yard , and 150 soldiers kept the building secure. Mary Greeley and her children were at the farm in Chappaqua; a mob threatened them but dispersed without doing harm. In August 1863, Greeley

11685-491: The richest boarding school in New England in both absolute and per capita terms. Perry used the money to improve student quality of life, expand access for the underrepresented, and build a more cohesive and higher-achieving student body. Under Perry's leadership, Exeter was able to provide housing for all its students for the first time. Perry also adopted a policy that scholarship students should comprise at least 20% of

11808-450: The school educated 725 boys. Despite Perry's reforms, Exeter retained a certain informality, which was reflected in the school's "unwritten code that there were no rules at the academy until you broke one." Expelled alumni include the journalist David Lamb and the writer and editor George Plimpton . Perry's largest financial windfall came on April 9, 1930, when philanthropist and oil magnate Edward Harkness wrote to Perry to propose

11931-479: The seat. Under the laws then in force, the Whig committee from the Sixth District chose Greeley to run in the special election for the remainder of the term, though they did not select him as their candidate for the seat in the following Congress. The Sixth District, or Sixth Ward as it was commonly called, was mostly Irish-American, and Greeley proclaimed his support for Irish efforts towards independence from

12054-411: The student body. He imposed greater restrictions on students' after-class activities, culminating in the abolition of fraternities in 1940. Perhaps counterintuitively, these restrictions limited the number of disciplinary cases and helped students improve their academics. From 1922 to 1931, the number of students expelled or asked to leave for academic reasons declined from 136 to 40. When Perry retired,

12177-425: The testing grounds for the Advanced Placement program, and in 1957, it produced 11 of the 30 incoming Harvard students with enough AP credit to enter as sophomores. In addition, in 1963 Exeter produced 73 National Merit Scholarship finalists, the most in the nation. However, elite universities relentlessly pushed Exeter to tighten academic standards even further, as Harvard's appetite for Exeter graduates meant that

12300-421: The top cut of Exeter students did not reflect the full breadth of the academy's contingent at Harvard. (In 1955, Harvard admitted 79% of applicants from Exeter and Andover; by contrast, in 1957, 30% of recent Exeter graduates made the dean's list at Harvard, compared to 40% for the entire freshman class. ) Due to a surge of applicants from public schools, Exeter students no longer enjoyed near-automatic admission to

12423-579: The watchword of the newspaper as Greeley urged the occupation of the rebel capital of Richmond before the Confederate Congress could meet on July 20. In part because of the public pressure, in mid July Lincoln sent the half-trained Union Army into the field at the First Battle of Bull Run , where it was soundly beaten. The defeat threw Greeley into despair, and he may have suffered a nervous breakdown. Restored to health by two weeks at

12546-491: The wealthy widow of Phillips' cousin, Nathaniel Gilman, whose large fortune, bequeathed to Phillips, enabled him to endow the academy. The Gilman family also donated to the academy much of the land on which it stands, including the initial 1793 grant by New Hampshire Governor John Taylor Gilman of the Yard, the oldest part of campus; the academy's first class in 1783 included seven Gilmans. In 1814, Nicholas Gilman , signer of

12669-569: The weekdays and 11:00 pm on Saturday night. Religious life on campus is supported by the Religious Services Department, which provides a vintage stone chapel and a full-service ministry for the spiritual needs of students. The chapel was originally built in 1895 and has been updated. It accommodates worship for "twelve religious traditions including Christian, Muslim, Jewish, Hindu, Quaker, Buddhist, Catholic among others" as well as Secular Humanism. Weekly attendance at

12792-499: The weekly edition, and it would continue as the foremost American newspaper through the years of the Civil War . The Kansas–Nebraska Act helped destroy the Whig Party, but a new party with opposition to the spread of slavery at its heart had been under discussion for some years. Beginning in 1853, Greeley participated in the discussions that led to the founding of the Republican Party and may have coined its name. Greeley attended

12915-406: The withdrawal of the junior partner". Greeley was angered over patronage disputes and felt that Seward was courting the rival The New York Times for support. In 1853, Greeley purchased a farm in rural Chappaqua, New York , where he experimented with farming techniques. In 1856, he designed and built Rehoboth , one of the first concrete structures in the United States. In 1856, Greeley published

13038-529: Was Moses Uriah Hall, a young Black man, who entered the Academy in 1858, served in the Union Army during the Civil War, and was known for many years as a skilled stonemason and businessman in nearby Epping, New Hampshire . Exeter's official records indicate that six years later, five White students from a border state, Kentucky, threatened to leave the Academy because another young Black man had enrolled as

13161-629: Was able to avoid cutting faculty salaries during the Great Depression , making it a rarity among boarding schools. Since 1930, Exeter's principal mode of instruction has been by discussion, "seminar style," around an oval table known as the Harkness Table . Today, all classes are taught using this method, with no more than 12 students per class. William Saltonstall '24 (p. 1946-63) succeeded Perry and continued Perry's successful fundraising record. He began his tenure by completing

13284-416: Was appointed by the academy's trustees as the 16th Principal Instructor. He is the fourth alumnus of Exeter to serve as Principal, after Gideon Lane Soule (1838–1873), Harlan Amen (1895–1913), and William Saltonstall (1946–1963). In 2021, Rawson announced that Exeter would adopt a need-blind admissions policy, following a $ 90 million fundraising campaign to support financial aid. In the later half of

13407-424: Was chosen by the caucus and elected by the legislature in February 1861. Weed was content to have blocked the editor, and stated that he had "paid the first installment on a large debt to Mr. Greeley". After Lincoln's election, there was talk of secession in the South. The Tribune was initially in favor of peaceful separation, with the South becoming a separate nation. According to an editorial on November 9: If

13530-466: Was deeply involved in the campaign of the Whig candidate for president in 1840 , William Henry Harrison . He published the major Whig periodical, the Log Cabin , and also wrote many of the pro-Harrison songs that marked the campaign. These songs were sung at mass meetings, many organized and led by Greeley. According to biographer Robert C. Williams, "Greeley's lyrics swept the country and roused Whig voters to action." Funds raised by Weed helped distribute

13653-520: Was defeated by the Democrat, former Tennessee governor James K. Polk , though Greeley worked hard on Clay's behalf. Greeley had taken positions in opposition to slavery as editor of The New-Yorker in the late 1830s, opposing the annexation of the slaveholding Republic of Texas to the United States. In the 1840s, Greeley became an increasingly vocal opponent of the expansion of slavery. Greeley hired Margaret Fuller in 1844 as first literary editor of

13776-424: Was editor) and ran the business side. Politically, the Tribune backed Kentucky Senator Henry Clay , who had unsuccessfully sought the presidential nomination that fell to Harrison, and supported Clay's American System for development of the country. Greeley was one of the first newspaper editors to have a full-time correspondent in Washington, an innovation quickly followed by his rivals. Part of Greeley's strategy

13899-456: Was not widely known, giving the editor more credibility. Greeley (and Seward) biographer Glyndon G. Van Deusen noted that it is uncertain how great a part Greeley played in Seward's defeat by Lincoln—he had little success gaining delegates for Bates. On the first two ballots, Seward led Lincoln, but on the second only by a small margin. After the third ballot, on which Lincoln was nominated, Greeley

14022-591: Was of English descent, and his forebears included early settlers of Massachusetts and New Hampshire , while his mother's family descended from Scots-Irish immigrants from the village of Garvagh in County Londonderry who had settled Londonderry, New Hampshire . Some of Greeley's maternal ancestors were present at the siege of Derry during the Williamite War in Ireland in 1689. Greeley

14145-516: Was offered the editorship of the national Whig newspaper, the Madisonian . He demanded full control, and declined when not given it. Greeley, in his paper, initially supported the Whig program. As divisions between Clay and President Tyler became apparent, he supported the Kentucky senator and looked to a Clay nomination for president in 1844 . However, when Clay was nominated by the Whigs, he

14268-424: Was quickly noticed because he launched a series of attacks on legislative privileges, taking note of which congressmen were missing votes, and questioning the office of House Chaplain . This was enough to make him unpopular. But he outraged his colleagues when on December 22, 1848, the Tribune published evidence that many congressmen had been paid excessive sums as travel allowance. In January 1849, Greeley supported

14391-426: Was requested by a firm of Hartford publishers to write a history of the war. Greeley agreed, and over the next eight months he penned a 600-page volume, which would be the first of two, entitled The American Conflict . The books were very successful, selling a total of 225,000 copies by 1870, a large sale for the time. Throughout the war, Greeley played with ideas as to how to settle it. In 1862, Greeley had approached

14514-465: Was seen among the Oregon delegation, a broad smile on his face. According to Pulitzer Prize-winning historian Doris Kearns Goodwin , "it is hard to imagine Lincoln letting Greeley's resentment smolder for years as Seward did". Seward's forces made Greeley a target of their anger at the senator's defeat. One subscriber cancelled, regretting the three-cent stamp he had to use on the letter; Greeley supplied

14637-557: Was the son of poor farmers Zaccheus and Mary (Woodburn) Greeley. Zaccheus was not successful, and moved his family several times, as far west as Pennsylvania. Horace attended the local schools and was a brilliant student. Seeing the boy's intelligence, some neighbors offered to pay Horace's way at Phillips Exeter Academy , but the Greeleys did not want to accept charity. In 1820, Zaccheus's financial reverses caused him to flee New Hampshire with his family lest he be imprisoned for debt, and settle in Vermont. Even as his father struggled to make

14760-427: Was the staff literary critic. Jane Swisshelm was one of the first women hired by a major newspaper. In 1859, Greeley traveled across the continent to see the West for himself, to write about it for the Tribune , and to publicize the need for a transcontinental railroad . He also planned to give speeches to promote the Republican Party. In May 1859, he went to Chicago, and then to Lawrence in Kansas Territory , and

14883-465: Was to make the Tribune a newspaper of national scope, not merely local. One factor in establishing the paper nationally was the Weekly Tribune , created in September 1841 when the Log Cabin and The New-Yorker were merged. With an initial subscription price of $ 2 a year, this was sent to many across the United States by mail and was especially popular in the Midwest. In December 1841, Greeley

15006-530: Was unimpressed by the local people. Nevertheless, after speaking before the first ever Kansas Republican Party Convention at Osawatomie, Kansas , Greeley took one of the first stagecoaches to Denver, seeing the town then in course of formation as a mining camp of the Pike's Peak Gold Rush . Sending dispatches back to the Tribune , Greeley took the Overland Trail , reaching Salt Lake City , where he conducted

15129-436: Was used against him when he ran for president in 1872. In the days leading up to Lincoln's inauguration , the Tribune headed its editorial columns each day, in large capital letters: "No compromise!/No concession to traitors!/The Constitution as it is!" Greeley attended the inauguration, sitting close to Senator Douglas, as the Tribune hailed the beginning of Lincoln's presidency. When southern forces attacked Fort Sumter ,

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