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37-642: Haikou was originally a port city, serving as the port for Qiongshan . During the Chinese Civil War , Haikou was one of the last Nationalist strongholds to be taken by the Communists — with the Battle of Hainan Island in 1950. Currently, more than half of the island's total trade still goes through Haikou's ports. The Temple of the Five Lords is located to the southeast of the city. The city

74-548: A province-wide initiative called "double create" ( 双创 ). It is described by government sources as a campaign to create a cleaner city and create a more civilized city. It is focused on traffic and commerce, but has also improved the overall appearance of the city, tackling air pollution from industry emissions, aiming to ensure the safety of drinking water sources, improving public security in such places as hospitals, schools, malls, and visitor attractions. Details of these improvements include: The treatment of Haikou's wastewater, and

111-520: A small portion of the oldest buildings in Haikou city that returnees from overseas built. The houses are a mixture of styles including Portuguese , French , and Southeast Asian. The streets used to be divided into different areas selling Chinese and western medicine, for silk and bespoke clothes, one for fresh fish and meat, and others for the sale of incense, candles, paper, ink, and other goods. Various projects are currently under discussion to decide

148-724: Is Haikou East railway station located near the southern end of Long Quan Road. In 2018, the Haikou South Station, the main bus station, relocated and is now directly to the south east of the Haikou East Railway Station. In 2015, the Hainan western ring high-speed railway started operation. This second high-speed railway runs along the west coast of Hainan connecting with the Hainan Eastern Ring Railway. Starting July 1, 2019,

185-445: Is 1 yuan, with no bus pass, ticket, or transfer system in place. Urban minibuses operated prior to 2009, but have since been phased-out. Taxi automobiles and electric motorbikes operate throughout the city. During 2009–2010, petrol-fueled motorbike taxis were banned and seized by police at numerous checkpoints within the city. Haikou has experienced a substantial increase in cars since the early 2000s. Traffic on main streets, once light,

222-648: Is a coastal island located directly to the east of Haidian Island in Haikou , Hainan , China . This island, located at the mouth of the Nandu River , has a population of approximately 4,000 people. Xinbu Island effectively splits the Nandu River as it flows north to the sea. The main part of the river flows along the east coast of the island while the Huanggou Channel, a distributary , flows along

259-582: Is considerably larger, and is the main distribution centre for cargo entering Hainan. It is also a major port for immigration onto Hainan Island. Around 20 km (12 mi) west of downtown Haikou are South Port and Haikou Port New Seaport . Several large public buildings now occupy Guoxing Avenue, the new area for arts and culture. These include the Hainan Provincial Museum , the Hainan Provincial Library , and

296-643: Is home to Hainan University , a comprehensive research university under the Project 211 and the Double First Class University Plan in certain disciplines, which has its main campus on Haidian Island . The hanzi characters comprising the city's name, 海口 , mean ocean / sea and mouth / port , respectively. Thus, the name "Haikou" is also a word for "seaport" – similar to Portsmouth in Britain. Haikou originally served as

333-590: Is located on the south side of the Haidian River, at the northern part of mainland Haikou. Much of the area comprises arcade style, dilapidated buildings with European fusion-type architectural facades with Indian and Arabic influences. The buildings are almost all painted white, and are usually no more than a few storeys tall. The eastern part of the area is mainly residential. The western part contains hubs for such items as exotic foods, pets, and fabrics. The building facades and roads have been restored in most of

370-406: Is now similar to other major cities, with rush hour problems that have prompted the city to expand several main roads and build a new elevated road from the west end of Guoxing Avenue to new developments west of Holiday Beach. Many main roads in the city have a side lane, separated by a median, for two-wheeled vehicles. Physical barriers were installed on many of the main two-way streets throughout

407-554: Is one tunnel in the city, the Qiaozhong Road Tunnel . The Haikou Public Bicycle System has about 20,000 bicycles. A pre-paid swipe card system is used to gain access to them. Starting on January 24, 2017, privately run app -based "dockless" shared bikes came into service. By April, there were about 40,000 of these types of bikes available. Ofo , Mobike , and "Quick to" all cost 2 RMB per hour. Ofo and "Quick to" bikes have tires with tubes, meaning many are left around

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444-496: Is the rainy season with the heaviest rainfall occurring in September. The city has a tropical wet and dry climate ( Köppen Aw ). Extremes since 1951 have ranged from 2.8 °C (37 °F) on 12 January 1955 to 41.3 °C (106 °F) on 30 April 2024. As of 2018, Haikou has the second best air quality among major cities nationally, preceded only by Lhasa , Tibet . However, since approximately 2009, due to an increase in

481-606: The Hainan Centre for the Performing Arts . These are all located near to one another on the south side of the road, west of Haikou College of Economics , Haikou campus. Qiongshan District Qiongshan District , alternately romanized as Kiungshan , is a district in Haikou City , Hainan. As Qiongzhou , formerly romanized as Kiungchow , the district was formerly a separate city which served as

518-590: The Haidian River. From east to west the remaining three road connections are provided by the Renmin, Heping and Xinbu Bridges. Directly to the northeast of Haikou and to the east of Haidian Island is Xinbu Island . Haikou is on the northern tropical zone , and is part of the Intertropical Convergence Zone . April to October is the active period for tropical storms and typhoons, most of which occur between August and September. May to October

555-520: The Haikou Suburban Trains began operation. Up to 7 CRH6 F-A (CRH6F with only 4 carriages) trains with specially-designed liveries will operate between Haikou station and Meilan station. The longest distance it will travel one-way is around 38 kilometers with 4 stations in between. Three main highways connect Haikou to other parts of Hainan, running east, west, and south through the middle of the province. The Haiwen expressway connects

592-502: The Haikou city government began an initiative to improve the quality of life for its residents. With the approval of the World Health Organization , and Ministry of Health , a ten-point plan was undertaken to address such issues as: The groundwater is of international standard , and is classified as mineral water . By 2004, the city had established 43 new community health service centers reaching 85 percent of

629-631: The Nationalists until April 1950, when it fell to the Communists during the Landing Operation on Hainan Island . Since 1949, Haikou has maintained its position as Hainan's main port, handling more than half of the island's total trade. It has replaced Qiongshan as the island's administrative capital. In 1988, Haikou was made a prefecture-level city as well as the capital of the newly created Hainan Province. Haikou old town contains

666-533: The area, Zhongshan Road being the most notable. Located on Haidian Island , this area comprises the entire portion of the island west of its main north–south road, Renmin Dadao. It appears similar to a typical student ghetto , containing many small, inexpensive food stands and restaurants. A new neighbourhood is under development in Xiuying District around seven km west of downtown Haikou. Located within

703-750: The best way to restore and preserve these historical buildings. Haikou is situated on the north coast of Hainan Island, by Haikou Bay , facing the Leizhou Peninsula across the Qiongzhou Strait that stretches west from Beibu Bay near Vietnam to the James Shoal bordering the South China Sea to the west. Most of the city is almost completely flat and only a few metres above sea level. It has an area of 2,304.84 km (889.90 sq mi). The Meishe River winds through

740-601: The center of Chinese administration on Hainan Island when it formed a part of Guangdong Province . The British Consulate in Kiungchow was opened in April 1876, as a result of the Treaty of Tientsin in 1858. Dongzhai Port Nature Reserve is located in the district and has an area of 2,500 hectares (6,200 acres). It includes six rivers, an irregular coastline, and a number of bays and tidewater gullies. The mangrove forest on

777-418: The city in order to separate opposing lanes. These were installed for safety reasons to prevent pedestrians from crossing the streets at locations other than intersections. Roundabouts are not prevalent in Haikou, being used mainly on Hai Xiu road, and a few other locations. Traffic cameras are used at many main intersections in the city, with tickets being issued by post for traffic light infractions. There

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814-549: The city with Wenchang to the southeast. The main bus station is Haikou Transportation Center , located beside Haikou East railway station. Haikou has four seaports for passenger and cargo service. Haikou New Port , formerly known as the Inner Harbour, is located on the southern side of the mouth of the Haidian River . Approximately 7 km (4 mi) west of Haikou New Port is Haikou Xiuying Port . This port

851-551: The city with flat tires. The Haikou Public Bicycle System has installed a number of new, more modern bikes with tires that cannot be punctured. Part of Mobike's fleet also uses these types of tires. Haikou is served by Haikou Meilan International Airport (IATA: HAK, ICAO: ZJHK[1]), which is located 25 km (16 mi) from the city. In January 2011, Haikou was selected to be the first test site for an experiment allowing private helicopter flight in China. A railway links Haikou to

888-453: The east side of the city flowing northward to the Haidian River . The northern part of Haikou City, the district of Haidian Island , is separated from the main part of Haikou by the Haidian River, a tributary of the Nandu River . The district is accessed by one of four bridges, the largest being Haikou Century Bridge , which connects the Guomao district with Haidian Island at the estuary of

925-425: The entire northern coast and is composed of sand and earth surrounded by a seawall to prevent erosion. Adjacent to this, to the south, are dozens of fish and shrimp farms. Plans to develop a new yacht port on the island are underway. There are three bridges that connect the island to the rest of Hainan: In 2016, the main fish market that serves Haikou moved from Haikou New Port to Xinbu Island. This large market

962-414: The mainland. A ferry service transports the railway cars, along with other motor vehicles across the strait. The Hainan East Ring Railway links Haikou and Sanya . There are 15 stations in between, either in operation or still under construction. Trains are designed to travel at 250 km/h (155 mph). Travel time from Haikou to Sanya is approximately 1 hour and 22 minutes. The main station in Haikou

999-470: The neighbourhood are Hainan International Convention And Exhibition Center , Wuyuan River Stadium and Hainan Science and Technology Museum (expected to be completed in 2025). Also, a number of government offices have moved there and numerous residential apartment complexes are being built. The GDP per capita was US$ 3,573 in 2008, ranked number 43 among 659 Chinese cities. In 2011, the city's GDP reached 71.3 billion yuan, amounting to about 30 percent of

1036-606: The number of automobiles, there has been somewhat worsening air pollution. According to the 2005 statistical book issued by the National Bureau of Statistics, Haikou scored the highest among China's main cities in air quality , with 366 days (2004) of ambient air quality equal to or above grade II, with only 0.033 milligrams/m of particulate matter (the least of all main cities), 0.003 milligrams/m of sulphur dioxide (only Lhasa had less), and 0.013 milligrams/m of nitrogen dioxide (the least of all main cities). In 1995,

1073-638: The period 2000–2010 was of 3.1 percent. Most of the population of Haikou are Han Chinese (around 97.75 percent, according to the 2010 Census). Haikou is divided in four districts. The information presented here uses 2010 Census data. There are several distinct neighborhoods within the city, including: Guomao is a relatively affluent area located on the coast between Longquan Road to the east running west for more than one kilometre. The west part of this area has experienced substantial development since about 2007, and now contains dozens of newly built high-rise residential apartment buildings. This historical area

1110-744: The population. The initiative has increased the size of Haikou's green spaces to 2,000 hectares , with trees lining 40 percent of its roads. Noise pollution has dropped from 61.1 db to 58.2db and 300 public toilets have been built. All industrial effluents, industrial waste water and solid waste, and all live sewage , is now processed through centralized treatment centers, and is disposed of without environmental impact . These improvements and others have increased life expectancy in Haikou to 78.26 years. Haikou city has also built 163 model ecological villages. Now, over 200,000 villagers in 933 villages have tap water in their homes. During 2015 and 2016, large-scale city improvements have taken place as part of

1147-462: The port for Qiongshan , the ancient administrative capital of Hainan island, located some 5 km (3.1 mi) inland to the south east. During its early history Haikou was a part of Guangdong province. In the 13th century it was fortified and became a military post under the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). The port is located west of the mouth of the Nandu River , Hainan's principal river. When Qiongshan

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1184-472: The province's total. Haikou exports substantial quantities of agricultural produce and livestock. There is a small amount of industry, including canning , textiles , rice hulling, and light engineering. The " International Tourism and Central Business District " is under construction on the west part of Guoxing Avenue. The road was once only home to government buildings. Starting around 2011, HNA and other groups began erecting office buildings. Also located at

1221-496: The south coast provides a habitat for birds and other wildlife. Mandarin is the official language of administration and education, but locals also speak Haikou dialect of Hainanese (a Min language), while other ethnic groups also speak the Qiongshan dialect of Lingao . This Hainan location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Xinbu Island Xinbu Island ( Chinese : 新埠岛 )

1258-509: The supply of tap water is operated by the French company Veolia Water . The partial privatization agreement gives 49 percent ownership to Veolia Water in a 30-year joint venture with Haikou Water Group (2012–2042). According to the 2010 Census , the prefecture-level city of Haikou has a registered population of 2,046,189 inhabitants, 537,848 more than the population declared on the past census in 2000. The average annual population growth during

1295-400: The west coast. Almost the entire island is populated, and developed in a similar way to suburban Haikou, with the highest density being the east side. There are dozens of small temples located within this residential area. A large strip along the western part has been developed into luxury homes. The northern part of the island is undergoing land reclamation and development. This area comprises

1332-697: The western end of Guoxing is the HNA Building , the headquarters of Hainan Airlines . Near the southern end of Haikou, automotive manufacturer Haima Automobile has its global headquarters. The Haikou Free Trade Zone (Haikou FTZ) ( 海口保税区 ) is a state-level, 1.93 km area located between Nanhai Road and Yehai Road. It was approved on October 21, 1992, by the State Council. Several major educational institutions are located in Haikou: Haikou has an extensive urban bus service. Standard fare

1369-515: Was opened to foreign trade under the Treaty of Tianjin in 1858, Haikou started to rival the old administrative city. It was formerly known internationally as 'Hoihow', based on the Cantonese pronunciation by the British Raj officers. In 1926, Haikou overtook Qiongshan in population and it was declared a separate administrative city. The city and island of Hainan stayed under the control of

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