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65-577: In addition to Hallsville, the district serves a small portion of Longview as well as rural areas in western Harrison County . In 2009, the school district was rated " academically acceptable " by the Texas Education Agency . In 2010, the entire school district was rated " Exemplary " by the Texas Education Agency. HISD is a "district of innovation" or DOI. A DOI is "traditional independent school districts most of

130-603: A barbershop, which also closed in 1986. The building was ultimately demolished in 1995. In 1942, construction began on the Big Inch pipeline in Longview. From 1943 to 1945, the pipeline transported over 261,000,000 barrels of crude oil to the East Coast . At the time of construction, Big Inch and its smaller twin, Little Inch, comprised the longest petroleum pipeline ever built in the world. Both were integral in supplying

195-691: A black dentist who served as secretary of the Chicago chapter, to report on the events in Longview. A summary of their account was published in the NAACP's newspaper, The Crisis , in October. By that date, racial conflicts had erupted in numerous large and small cities across the country, including Chicago, which had a week of violence ending in early August that resulted in a total of 38 deaths and more than 500 people injured, as well as extensive property damage. Violence of whites against blacks continued into

260-404: A car on the street, and burned down his office. Going east on Nelson Street, the mob reached the homes of Ben Sanders and Charlie Medlock. They set both on fire, attacking Medlock and Belle Sanders, Ben's wife, when they protested. With sunrise, the mob dispersed. Sheriff D.S. Meredith and Judge Bramlette called Governor William P. Hobby to ask for military support. Hobby responded by placing

325-499: A comparatively small area on its east that is within Harrison County . At the 2010 census , Longview had a population of 80,455. The median age was 34. The racial and ethnic composition of the population was 56.2% non-Hispanic White , 22.6% Black or African American , 0.5% Native American , 1.4% Asian , 9.5% from some other race, and 2.3% from two or more races . About were 18.0% Hispanics or Latinos of any race. In

390-449: A contemporary Dallas newspaper, Durham says the sheriff called farmer Jim Stephens and asked him to stop Bush. He found him and ordered him to stop, but Bush ran into a cornfield. Stephens followed, shooting and killing him. According to the same Dallas Morning News of July 13 and 14, "armed white citizens" hunted down Bush, killing the 60-year-old man in a cornfield south of town. When local officials heard of Bush's killing, they feared

455-596: A fireplace in every room. Mobberly was located in the junction part of town near the train depot. The hotel was destroyed by fire on June 13, 1965. On May 23, 1894, Bill Dalton and three members of his posse robbed the First National Bank of Longview. Several men died in the resulting gunfight , bandit Jim Wallace along with citizens J. W. McQueen, Charles Learn, and George Buckingham. The robbers escaped with 2,000$ in cash and some unsigned bank notes. The Gregg County Historical Museum holds it's exhibit on

520-451: A large tent on the eastern side of the courthouse square to be used as a command post . As part of this force, The Washington Times reported that planes were used to stop the riots. Marion Bush was a 60-year-old black man who had worked with the local Kelly Plow Company for thirty years. He was father-in-law of Calvin P. Davis, the physician. On the night of July 12, Sheriff Meredith and Ike Killingsworth went to Bush's house, located on

585-409: A median income of $ 33,078 versus $ 21,400 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 15,676. About 13.0% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 22.7% of those under age 18 and 10.6% of those age 65 or over. By 2020, the median household income for Longview residents grew to $ 50,019, and monthly housing costs were $ 854. As of 2020's religion census by

650-594: A neighboring house. From there, the mob moved south to the Quick Hall, an African-American dance hall owned by Charlie Medlock; they set it on fire, as there were rumors it held stored ammunition. A cache of ammunition began exploding "throughout the building." The mob next went to Dr. Davis' deserted house, located at the southeast corner of the Harrison and Nelson streets and burned it, too. They first allowed his wife and children to get out without harm. They burned

715-426: A new wave of civil unrest. They called Governor Hobby again for aid, and he sent about 160 more soldiers and Texas Rangers. On Sunday, July 13, Hobby declared martial law in all of Gregg County, placing Brigadier General Robert H. McDill in command of the soldiers and the rangers. On July 13, General McDill issued orders, dividing the town into two districts, giving command of one section to Colonel T.E. Barton, and

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780-409: A physician's care." It said that the sheriff guarding Walters had let the lynch mob take him, without offering resistance. While the article did not identify the woman, in those small towns many readers knew who she was. Some were offended at the suggestion that she had loved Walters, saying it was damaging to the young woman's reputation. As Samuel L. Jones was known to be a local correspondent for

845-663: Is Rolin McPhee. Bonds retired January 31, 2022 and Rolin McPhee became the city manager on February 1. With the addition of McPhee as city manager, the city of Longview underwent some restructuring namely adding an assistant city manager, MaryAnn Hagenbucher. Longview is represented in the Texas Senate by Republican Bryan Hughes , District 1 , and in the Texas House of Representatives by Republican Jay Dean , District 7 . The Texas Department of Criminal Justice operates

910-554: Is also one of the major economic hubs for Northeast Texas alongside Tyler . According to the municipal Fiscal Year 2021–2022 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report , the top employers in the city were: Longview Public Library operates a main branch, and the Broughton Branch. Longview’s cultural district—a 320-acre (130 ha) area in downtown Longview which includes museums, restaurants, parks, live music, theater, and historic buildings—was designated by

975-734: Is served by four school districts. The Gregg County portion of Longview is part of the Tyler-Longview-Lufkin-Nacogdoches designated market area, and the Harrison County portion of Longview is within the Shreveport-Texarkana market. KLGV-LD broadcasts from Longview. East Texas Regional Airport is located south of Longview. The city's public transit system, Longview Transit, runs daily routes, excluding Sundays and holidays. Its fixed routes provide transportation to key districts throughout

1040-520: The American Civil War . Lumbering of pinelands was another major part of the rural economy. Longview is the seat of Gregg County . In 1919 the county had a population of 16,700, of which 8,160, or forty-eight percent, was black. The area was still very rural; according to historian Kenneth E. Durham, Jr., cotton was a major commodity crop. Thousands of blacks had already left the South in

1105-628: The Association of Religion Data Archives , Baptists were the largest set of Christians, with Christianity being the predominant religion for Longview's metropolitan area. Altogether, Baptists from the American Baptist Association , Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship , Free Will Baptists , National Baptists , National Missionary Baptists , and Southern Baptists numbered 88,811. Non/inter-denominational Protestants numbered 26,874. Other large Christian communities for

1170-547: The Defender , whites believed he wrote the article. He denied having written it. The young woman's brothers attacked Jones on Thursday, July 10, 1919, giving him a severe beating across from the courthouse. Dr. Calvin P. Davis arrived in his car soon after and took Jones to his office to treat him. Meanwhile, "tension and anger" spread across town as whites learned of the article, and as blacks gathered at Melvin Street learned about

1235-600: The Great Migration , settling in Northeastern and Midwestern cities. They had sometimes been hired as strikebreakers and competed with working-class whites for jobs. That summer riots took place in many cities across the country, where ethnic whites clashed with blacks in postwar social tensions brought on by fierce competition for jobs and housing. In Longview, racial tensions had deep roots. Most blacks in Texas and

1300-490: The Negro Business League had set up a cooperative store that competed with white merchants. In June, local man Lemuel Walters of Longview had been whipped by two white men from Kilgore , allegedly for making "indecent advances" toward their sister. (One account said he was found in her bedroom.) Under Jim Crow, white men strictly monitored and discouraged relations between black men and white women, but not

1365-553: The Sabine River . According to the 2020 U.S. census , the city had a population of 81,638. Longview is the principal city of the Longview metropolitan statistical area , comprising Gregg, Upshur , and Rusk counties. The population of the metropolitan area as of 2021 census estimates was 287,858. Longview was established in 1870 in what was at the time southern Upshur County; the town incorporated in 1871. After Gregg County

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1430-558: The University of Texas at Tyler 's Longview University Center. The modern-day city of Longview was founded in 1869. In 1870, O.H. Methvin, Sr. sold 100 acres (40 ha) to the Southern Pacific Railroad for one dollar to persuade them to build their line in the direction of land he owned. Later that year, he sold another 100 acres (40 ha) for $ 500 in gold. He hoped the coming of the railroad would increase

1495-416: The census of 2000, 73,344 people, 28,363 households, and 19,116 families resided in the city. The population density was 1,341.8 inhabitants per square mile (518.1/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 70.10% White, 22.11% African American, 0.50% Native American, 0.83% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander , 4.92% from other races, and 1.51% from two or more races; Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 10.31% of

1560-554: The 2022-23 academic school year. HISD announced that the current Intermediate 5th Grade campus will become Hallsville West for one academic year. Because of this, 5th grade students will attend Intermediate 4th grade campus. West is scheduled to have grades PK-3. Longview, Texas Longview is a city in, and county seat of, Gregg County, Texas , United States. Longview is located in East Texas , where Interstate 20 and U.S. highways 80 and 259 converge just north of

1625-410: The 28,363 households at the 2000 census , 33.2% had children under 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were not families. About 27.9% of all households were individuals who lived alone, and 10.7% of all households were 65 or older and living alone. The average household size was 2.50, and the average family size

1690-827: The I-20 corridor, bringing passenger rail service to that corridor for the first time since the Texas and Pacific 's unnamed successor to the Louisiana Eagle in the late 1960s. Longview is served by Amtrak, the BNSF Railway , and the Union Pacific Railroad . Longview race riot The Longview race riot was a series of violent incidents in Longview, Texas , between July 10 and July 12, 1919, when whites attacked black areas of town, killed one black man, and burned down several properties, including

1755-489: The Longview District Parole Office in Longview. Longview is part of Texas's 1st congressional district , which is currently represented by Republican Nathaniel Moran . Moran was elected after former Republican Louie Gohmert announced he was not seeking reelection in 2022. The city of Longview is home to three institutions of higher learning and two trade (cosmetology) schools: Longview

1820-451: The Longview station serves the Chicago to Los Angeles trains. The return train, Los Angeles to Chicago, stops in Longview on Sunday, Tuesday, and Friday. It serves about 20–50 passengers per day. From the station, passengers can connect to Nacogdoches , Lufkin , Houston , and Galveston , as well as Shreveport, Louisiana , by motorcoach. A proposal is in the works for a high-speed rail system from Dallas / Fort Worth to Shreveport along

1885-662: The MSA were Methodists , Pentecostals , Jehovah's Witnesses , and Mormons . Its Catholic Christian community numbered 22,952. Longview is one of several cities in East Texas that serve as a center for the " patent troll " industry, due to a perception that the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas is a favorable venue for patent infringement plaintiffs. As such, it

1950-593: The National Guard units in Dallas, Terrell , and Nacogdoches , on high alert, but he sent only eight Texas Rangers to Longview. They were not due to arrive before Saturday morning, July 12, and Longview authorities expected more trouble on Friday. They called Governor Hobby again, who sent some dismounted National Guard soldiers to Longview. The soldiers were members of the 5th, 6th, and 7th Texas Cavalry Regiments, and numbered about 100 men altogether. They erected

2015-449: The South were disenfranchised at the turn of the century, based on new constitutions and laws passed by state legislatures. Excluded from the political system, they were oppressed under Jim Crow rules and white supremacy . Another reflection of postwar violence was a rise in the number of lynchings : in 1919, 78 blacks had been lynched in Texas, a substantial increase over the numbers during World War I : an increase of 15 lynchings over

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2080-677: The Texas Commission on the Arts in 2019. The 29-acre (12 ha) Longview Arboretum and Nature Center opened in 2019. Among other centers, the city has a vast trail system that is being connected to create 10 consecutive miles of connected walking/biking trails. According to the 2007 comprehensive annual financial report, the city's various funds had $ 75.9 million in revenues, $ 87.7 million in expenditures, $ 47.6 million in total assets, $ 9.0 million in total liabilities, and $ 12.2 million in cash in investments. The city manager as of 2023

2145-737: The Texas National Guard. Travis County officials wanted to have the prisoners incarcerated at the Texas State Penitentiary , at state expense, but that would have been illegal. The prisoners were separated into smaller groups and placed in various county jails, at Gregg County's expense, until they could be tried in a Gregg County court. The blacks who had helped Davis defend Jones at home were told not to return to Longview, but others returned to relative peace. The governor lifted martial law at noon on Friday, July 18. Residents were allowed to begin picking up their guns

2210-758: The United States' war effort in World War II . After World War II, Longview's population grew from 24,502 to 40,050 in 1960, its growth fueled by migration from rural Gregg County and the annexation of Greggton and Spring Hill . Longview is located within Northeast Texas , a subregion of East Texas . North of Kilgore , and is bordered to the west by the city of White Oak . Longview was founded in Gregg County, and has annexed surrounding land as it has grown in population and area, including

2275-421: The article. They advised him to leave town but he and Jones did not want to run. The mayor and Judge Bramlette, and a local attorney, Ras Young, had talked to local whites and urged them to leave Jones alone. But "gangs" of both whites and blacks roamed the streets that night, ready for the next events. At about midnight on July 10, a group of between twelve and fifteen white men gathered at Bodie Park, located at

2340-517: The assembly had a "sobering effect" on the crowd. No other violent acts were reported; a couple of fires occurred but were not believed to be due to arson. Eventually, McDill asked the citizens' committee when they thought martial law should be ended. They said he should wait until all of the blacks who had been arrested were sent out of the county, because there were rumors that certain whites would kill some of these men as soon as they reclaimed their guns. The twenty-one blacks were taken to Austin by

2405-427: The attackers and the men in the house. Eventually, Jones made a getaway. The white men then began to burn buildings in the black section of the town. The Gregg Hotel opened in 1930, and served oil boom customers. It had various operators as a hotel until 1978, when it was converted to dormitories for use by male students of LeTourneau College . Following the 1984 spring semester, the building sat empty except for

2470-410: The beating. After being warned that Jones was at risk for trouble that night, Davis appealed to the mayor for protection. Bodenheim sent a messenger to Jones at supper time, advising him and Davis to leave town that night. Davis later learned that Mayor Bodenheim and other officials were holding a meeting on the situation. He appeared there, appealing for protection and repeating that neither had written

2535-673: The city. City of Longview Transit (COLT) provides demand-response transportation services for those who are unable to use the regular Longview Transit fixed-route service. Amtrak passenger rail service is available on the Texas Eagle through a downtown terminal . Longview's Amtrak station is the fifth-busiest in Texas and the fourth-busiest station along the Texas Eagle route. Daily trains between Chicago and San Antonio stop each morning (Chicago–San Antonio) and each evening (San Antonio–Chicago). Monday, Wednesday, and Friday,

2600-420: The corner of Tyler and Fredonia streets. They went to Jones' house by car, reaching his place at Harrison and College streets south of the railroad tracks about 1:00 AM, July 11, 1919. Davis and Jones had gathered about 25 friends to defend the house; Davis warned them against shooting before he gave the word. When the whites approached the house, Jones and his friends opened fire on them with small arms . Some of

2665-405: The county courthouse in Longview. Residents were warned that their homes could be searched, with a severe penalty for concealing firearms. An estimated 5,000 to 7,000 guns were turned in at the courthouse, and stored in "scattered locations throughout the building." General McDill asked the town officials to organize a committee consisting of local citizens, to work with him and the military during

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2730-430: The county jail, removing them to Austin for safety. Neither Jones nor Davis were arrested, as they had secretly left town. Davis dressed as a soldier and went out by train. General McDill organized an assembly at the courthouse and informed the public of the arrests, the presence of National Guard troops and Texas Rangers, and expectations. Brigadier General Jake F. Wolters also spoke to the citizens. According to Durham,

2795-546: The decisions about not pursuing prosecution. Dr. Davis and Samuel Jones both reached Chicago after fleeing Longview and eventually settled there with their families. On August 18, 1919, they had a meeting and extended interview with John R. Shillady , the white executive secretary of the national office of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and Charles E. Bentley ,

2860-468: The emergency. They identified only white businessmen and other leaders. The committee met on Monday, July 14, at Judge Bramlette's office and elected the attorney Ras Young as chairman; it also authorized Judge Bramlette, Sheriff Bodenheim and Young to communicate with the military. The committee drafted a list of concerns. They "expressed disapproval" of Jones' newspaper article and the armed defense of his former home. Their resolution said, we will not "permit

2925-487: The event within the bank vault which was robbed, and holds a yearly event to mark the anniversary of the occasion. In the Longview race riot in July 1919, a reporter for The Chicago Defender was in Longview looking into the mysterious death of a black man named Lemuel Walters . An armed white mob attacked a home where the reporter, S.L. Jones, was staying, and attempted to batter their way in. A gunfight began between

2990-487: The flexibilities available to Texas' open-enrollment charter schools. To access these flexibilities, a school district must adopt an innovation plan, as set forth in Texas Education Code chapter 12A." In Fall 2022, Hallsville West Elementary will open, however, not at the current building location. Due to construction issues, the campus located on Loop 281 in Longview, TX, will not be completed in time for

3055-534: The governor for forces to quell the violence. In a short time, the Texas National Guard and Texas Rangers sent forces to the town, where the Guard organized an occupation and curfew. Some men were shot and numerous black homes and businesses were burned prior to the arrival of the law enforcement and military units. One black man was shot and killed by armed whites before the National Guard occupied

3120-430: The houses of a black teacher and a doctor. It was one of the many race riots in 1919 in the United States during what became known as Red Summer , a period after World War I known for numerous riots occurring mostly in urban areas. The riot ended after local and state officials took actions to impose military authority and quell further violence. After ignoring early rumors of planned unrest, local officials appealed to

3185-571: The identity of the "ringleader" of the riot, who gave them names of sixteen other men involved in the first attack on Jones' house. All were arrested for attempted murder on July 14, but quickly released on $ 1,000 bonds ($ 17,600 in 2024). The Rangers learned the name of nine other suspects, arresting them for arson; they were also released on $ 1,000 bonds. Captain Hanson also questioned black residents, ultimately arresting twenty-one black men for assault and attempted murder. He temporarily placed them in

3250-547: The jail. When no investigation was undertaken, the men returned to Judge Bramlette but became convinced he did not intend to pursue the case. On July 5, 1919, The Chicago Defender published an article about Walters' death. It said that "Walters' only crime was that he was loved by a white woman," and it quoted her (unnamed) as saying that she "would have married him if they had lived in the North." The article described her as "so distraught over his [Walters] death that she required

3315-540: The large crowd broke into the Welch Hardware Store to take more guns and ammunition. At this point, the mob feared that their companion who had been captured was dead, so they raised the alarm for reinforcements. Davis reported that the fire bell was ringing and nearly 1,000 whites gathered near it. (Other accounts say the group numbered 100.) Near daybreak, about 4:00 AM, the mob returned to Jones' house. Finding it empty, they set it on fire. They also burned

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3380-484: The negroes of this community and county to in any way interfere with our social affairs or to write or circulate articles about the white people of our city or county...." The committee stated their opposition to the burning of African-American property, and took steps to prevent any more losses. The members commended Governor Hobby for quickly sending the National Guard and the Texas Rangers. The Rangers learned

3445-412: The next day. Town officials tried to promote "harmonious relations" between the races. None of the blacks nor the whites was ever tried. Durham suggests that Gregg County officials chose to avoid trials in order to defuse the tension, perhaps believing that at trial by the all-white juries of this time period, that the whites were likely to be acquitted and the blacks convicted. No documentation relates to

3510-454: The other to Colonel H.W. Peck. Colonel H.C. Smith was placed in command of the Texas Rangers. McDill ordered a 10:30 PM to 6:00 AM curfew in Longview, and prohibited groups of three or more people from gathering on the streets. He ordered the local telephone operators not to place any long-distance calls, to prevent recruiting of weapons or men from neighboring towns. He ordered all residents of Longview and Kilgore to surrender their weapons at

3575-436: The population. By the 2020 United States census , Longview's population grew to 81,683. Its racial and ethnic makeup per the 2020 census was 49.73% non-Hispanic white, 23.49% Black or African American, 0.31% American Indian or Alaska Native, 1.6% Asian alone, 0.27% some other race, 3.82% multiracial, and 20.75% Hispanic or Latino of any race. Among its population at the 2020 American Community Survey , 52.7% of its population

3640-407: The reverse. Walters was arrested and put in jail in Longview. On June 17, he was abducted by a lynch mob consisting of ten men and subsequently shot to death later that night. His body was left near the railroad tracks. Dr. Davis, Jones, and some other respected black men went to Judge Bramlette in town, asking him to investigate the lynching. He asked for the names of people Jones had talked to at

3705-528: The total in 1918, and 30 more deaths than the lynchings of 1917. Following service by many blacks in the military in the Great War, African Americans aspired to better treatment in the United States. East Texas blacks were in touch with national movements and media, as represented by the weekly delivery by train of the influential The Chicago Defender , a weekly newspaper with nationwide coverage and circulation. The local reporter and newspaper distributor

3770-485: The town. No one was prosecuted for the events, although numerous whites and blacks were arrested. The black suspects were taken to Austin for their safety; half were advised against ever returning to Longview. Longview is located approximately 125 miles east of Dallas in northeast Texas. In 1919 it had a population of 5,700, of which 1,790, or thirty-one percent, were African American. It was an area of historic cotton cultivation, which had depended on slave labor before

3835-575: The value of the rest of his land. Two railroad surveyors coined the name of the town when they stated, "What a long view!" from the porch of Methvin's home. In June 1871, Longview was incorporated as the first town in Gregg County. In 1884, the Mobberly Hotel opened for business servicing railroad travelers and as the center of social gatherings for Longview. The hotel featured cherrywood furniture with carved bed posts, marble-top washstands , linen tablecloths, electric crystal chandeliers, and

3900-439: The west side of Court Street, one block south of the Texas and Pacific Railroad tracks. The sheriff is thought to have been either offering Bush protective custody (as his son, then 13, said in an interview decades later in 1978) or intending to arrest him. Apparently alarmed, Bush fled from the house, after reportedly firing shots at the sheriff. There are differing accounts as to what happened next. From interviews in 1978 and

3965-426: The whites were also armed, and they returned fire as they retreated to cover. In all, over 100 rounds were expended during the skirmish. Three of the whites were slightly wounded by birdshot . A fourth who hid under a nearby house was captured by the blacks and beaten badly. The remaining whites fled back to the center of Longview. Most went to the fire station next to Bodie Park, where a crowd gradually grew. Some of

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4030-400: Was 3.06. Among the estimated 31,450 households at the 2020 American Community Survey, the average household size was 2.49; the 19,965 families had an average size of 3.13. Of the households and families estimated, 53.6% were in owner-occupied housing units and 46.4% were renter-occupied. In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $ 33,858, and for a family was $ 42,378. Males had

4095-458: Was Samuel L. Jones, a schoolteacher. At the time, Jones and Dr. Calvin P. Davis, a 34-year-old black physician, were prominent leaders in Longview's African-American community. Not long before the riot, the two were known to be encouraging local black farmers to avoid white cotton brokers and sell directly to buyers in Galveston in order to keep more of their profits. At the same time, members of

4160-428: Was created in 1873, Longview was voted the county seat. Today, Longview is considered a major hub city for the region, as is the nearby city of Tyler . Companies with significant presence in Longview include Eastman Chemical , Trinity Rail Group , AAON Coil Products , and Komatsu Mining , Dollar General and Old Navy / GAP . Colleges and universities in the area include LeTourneau University , Kilgore College , and

4225-408: Was non-Hispanic white, 22.4% Black or African American, 0.1% American Indian or Alaska Native, 1.4% Asian alone, 0.2% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, 0.1% some other race, 2.7% two or more races, and 20.3% Hispanic of Latino American of any race. The 2020 census and 2020 survey reflected nationwide demographic trends of greater diversification among traditional minority populations. Of

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