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116-554: The Harlem Line is an 82-mile (132 km) commuter rail line owned and operated by the Metro-North Railroad in the U.S. state of New York . It runs north from New York City to Wassaic, in eastern Dutchess County . The lower 53 miles (85 km) from Grand Central Terminal to Southeast , in Putnam County , is electrified with a third rail and has at least two tracks. The section north of Southeast

232-525: A 4.432 miles (7.133 km)-long segment to 85th Street in Yorkville opened on May 1, 1834. Service ran every 15 minutes between 5 a.m. and 8 pm, and ran every 60 minutes to 10 pm. A one-way fare cost 12.5 cents Service was extended 2 miles (3.2 km) to finally reach Harlem on October 26, 1837, with the Yorkville Tunnel constructed to reach this point. At the time, Harlem was just

348-592: A 75 foot (23 m)-wide tunnel, with a 50 foot (15 m)-wide roadway and sidewalks, with a maximum clearance of 13 feet (4.0 m). An additional crossing of the rail line would be provided approximately 605 feet (184 m) to the north of Railroad Avenue. Property values along the line increased. Other improvements were made to the Harlem Division at the same time: grade crossings were being eliminated, tracks were being straightened and new stations were built at White Plains and Mount Vernon. In March 1910,

464-524: A break in the city and day hikers to visit the nearby Pawling Nature Preserve . The next two stops, Harlem Valley–Wingdale and Dover Plains , are roughly eight miles (13 km) apart, the longest distance between any two stops on the Harlem Line. From 1972 to 2000, Dover Plains was the last stop on the line, but then tracks remaining from the NYCRR era that had not yet been torn up were renovated and

580-651: A city's central business district, and often share right-of-way with intercity or freight trains. Some services operate only during peak hours and others use fewer departures during off peak hours and weekends. Average speeds are high, often 50 km/h (30 mph) or higher. These higher speeds better serve the longer distances involved. Some services include express services which skip some stations in order to run faster and separate longer distance riders from short-distance ones. The general range of commuter trains' travel distance varies between 15 and 200 km (10 and 125 miles), but longer distances can be covered when

696-413: A headway rather than a published timetable and use dedicated tracks (underground or elevated), whereas commuter rail often shares tracks, technology and the legal framework within mainline railway systems, and uses rolling stocks with more seating and higher speed for comfort on longer city-suburban journeys. However, the classification as a metro or rapid rail can be difficult as both may typically cover

812-581: A metropolitan area exclusively, run on separate tracks in the centre, and often feature purpose-built rolling stock. The fact that the terminology is not standardised across countries (even across English-speaking countries) further complicates matters. This distinction is most easily made when there are two (or more) systems such as New York's subway and the LIRR and Metro-North Railroad , Paris' Métro and RER along with Transilien , Washington D.C.'s Metro along with its MARC and VRE , London's tube lines of

928-404: A new station. The project was estimated to cost $ 200,000, with the village and state each funding one-quarter of the cost and the railroad paying the remainder of the cost. Tibbits Avenue would be put into a 24 foot (7.3 m)-wide tunnel underneath the rail line done about 810 feet (250 m) north of the existing crossing with a clearance of 12 feet (3.7 m). Railroad Avenue would be put in

1044-608: A single or double-track line from Greenbush (on the opposite side of the Hudson River from Albany) to New York along the Harlem River. In 1836, an amendment to its charter granted it the right to enter Manhattan along a route that they "may deem most eligible"–direct competition to the NY&;H. The NY&A had periods of inactivity, in part due to the financial panic of 1837 . Surveys were completed in some places, and ground

1160-423: A small suburb of the city. Service was also extended further south. On May 4, 1839, the line was extended south along Bowery, Broome Street and Centre Street to City Hall at Centre Street and Park Row . Service was extended south on November 26, 1852, along Park Row to Astor House at Park Row and Broadway . The New York and Albany Railroad had been granted its charter on April 17, 1832, allowing it to build

1276-524: A station house as a bridge over all four tracks, with two island platforms . Similar structures were built for the former Morrisania Station , as well as Tremont Station . As with other NYC stations in the Bronx, the station became a Penn Central station once the NYC and Pennsylvania Railroads merged in 1968. However, because of the railroad's serious financial distress following the merger, commuter service

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1392-550: A steel viaduct, replacing a masonry viaduct and an open cut. The 400 feet (120 m) bridge was built for about $ 500,000 by the King Bridge Company. The new bridge is 24 feet (7.3 m) higher than the old bridge, as mandated by the Federal Government. During the course of construction, trains ran over a temporary wooden structure along with a temporary wooden drawbridge. The station at Mott Haven on

1508-654: A transfer at Chatham. Passenger service between Chatham and North Adams ended in 1953. However, the Berkshire Scenic Railway now operates a 5-mile tourist train between North Adams and Adams, Mass. On September 11, 1952, the New York Central's next-to-last steam-powered train run in the New York City Metropolitan area ran on the Harlem Division, being replaced by diesel locomotives. However, the diesels began wearing out in

1624-564: Is a non-electrified single-track line served by diesel locomotives . Before the renaming of the line in 1983, it eventually became the Harlem Division of the New York Central Railroad . The diesel trains usually run as a shuttle on the northern end of the line, except for rush-hour express trains in the peak direction (two to Grand Central in the morning, two from Grand Central in the evening). With 38 stations,

1740-638: Is about 52 miles (84 km) past the current terminal at Wassaic . In Boston Corners , about 12 miles (19 km) north of Wassaic, passengers could make connections to the Central New England Railway (CNE). To the east, the CNE went to Hartford, Connecticut . Westward, passengers could travel to Poughkeepsie , cross the Poughkeepsie Bridge , finally to Campbell Hall . A 1.84 miles (2.96 km)-long freight branch, from

1856-935: Is especially the case for lines operated by Korail , such as the Gyeongui-Jungang Line , the Gyeongchun Line , the Suin-Bundang Line , or the Gyeonggang Line . Even some lines not operated by Korail, such as the AREX Line, the Seohae Line or the Shinbundang Line mostly function as commuter rail. Lastly, even for the "numbered lines" (1–9) of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway which mostly travel in

1972-603: Is heavily used by commuters in the Greater Tokyo Area , who commute between 100 and 200 km (62 and 124 mi) by Shinkansen . To meet the demand of commuters, JR sells commuter discount passes. Before 2021, they operated 16-car bilevel E4 Series Shinkansen trains at rush hour, providing a capacity of 1,600 seats. Several lines in China, such as the Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway and

2088-542: Is located in an open cut beneath Park Avenue at its intersection with East 162nd Street. Service at Melrose is limited; trains stop approximately every half-hour during rush hours and every hour all other times. A station along the New York and Harlem Railroad in Melrose was known to exist as far back as 1841. When Melrose station was rebuilt by the New York Central Railroad (NYC) in the late 19th century, it contained

2204-417: Is often a case of asset sweating , by using a single large combined fleet for intercity and regional services. Loco hauled services are usually run in push-pull formation, that is, the train can run with the locomotive at the "front" or "rear" of the train (pushing or pulling). Trains are often equipped with a control cab at the other end of the train from the locomotive, allowing the train operator to operate

2320-963: Is often used in contrast to rapid transit or light rail . Some services share similarities with both commuter rail and high-frequency rapid transit ; examples include New Jersey Transit in the U.S., German S-Bahn in some cities, the Réseau Express Régional (RER) in Paris, the S Lines in Milan, many Japanese commuter systems, the East Rail line in Hong Kong, and some Australasian suburban networks, such as Sydney Trains . Many commuter rail systems share tracks with other passenger services and freight . In North America, commuter rail sometimes refers only to systems that primarily operate during rush hour and offer little to no service for

2436-1963: Is one suburban rail called the Chittagong Circular Railway . Another suburban railway called the Dhaka Circular Railway is currently proposed. Karachi in Pakistan has a circular railway since 1969. Tehran Metro currently operates the Line 5 commuter line between Tehran and Karaj . Turkey has lines connecting Başkentray , İZBAN , Marmaray and Gaziray . Major metropolitan areas in most European countries are usually served by extensive commuter/suburban rail systems. Well-known examples include BG Voz in Belgrade (Serbia), S-Bahn in Germany, Austria and German-speaking areas of Switzerland, Proastiakos in Greece, RER in France and Belgium, Servizio ferroviario suburbano in Italy, Cercanías and Rodalies ( Catalonia ) in Spain, CP Urban Services in Portugal, Esko in Prague and Ostrava (Czech Republic), HÉV in Budapest (Hungary) and DART in Dublin (Ireland). London has multiple commuter rail routes: The Merseyrail network in Liverpool consists of two commuter rail routes powered by third rail, both of which branch out at one end. At

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2552-470: Is operationally more like a typical metro system (frequent trains, an emphasis on standing passengers , short station spacings) than it is like commuter rail in other countries. Japanese commuter rail commonly interline with city center subway lines, with commuter rail trains continuing into the subway network, and then out onto different commuter rail systems on the other side of the city. Many Japanese commuter systems operate various stopping patterns to reduce

2668-526: Is still possible to tell them apart. Some operators, for example Thameslink , focus solely on commuter services. Others, such as Avanti West Coast and LNER , run solely intercity services. Others still, such as GWR and EMR , run a mixture of commuter, regional and intercity services. Some of these operators use different branding for different types of service (for example EMR brands its trains as either "InterCity", "Connect" for London commuter services, and "Regional") but even for those operators that do not,

2784-579: Is used in Australia (Sydney for example) to describe the regional trains operating beyond the boundaries of the suburban services, even though some of these "inter-city" services stop all stations similar to German regional services. In this regard, the German service delineations and naming conventions are clearer and better used for academic purposes. Sometimes high-speed rail can serve daily use of commuters. The Japanese Shinkansen high speed rail system

2900-426: Is widely used in many commuter rail trains to increase capacity in rush hours. Carriages are usually not organized to increase seating capacity (although in some trains at least one carriage would feature more doors to facilitate easier boarding and alighting and bench seats so that they can be folded up during rush hour to provide more standing room) even in the case of commuting longer than 50 km and commuters in

3016-919: The Brisbane ( Queensland Rail 's City network ) and Perth ( Transperth ) systems in Australia, in some systems in Sweden, and on the Genoa-Casella line in Italy. Some countries and regions, including Finland , India, Pakistan, Russia , Brazil and Sri Lanka, as well as San Francisco ( BART ) in the US and Melbourne and Adelaide in Australia, use broad gauge track. Metro rail and rapid transit usually cover smaller inner-urban areas within 12 to 20 km (7 to 12 mi) of city centers, with shorter stop spacing, use rolling stocks with larger standing spaces, lower top speed and higher acceleration, designed for short-distance travel. They also run more frequently, to

3132-769: The Chennai MRTS , also covers over 300 stations and carries more than 2.5 million people daily to different areas in Chennai and its surroundings. Other commuter railways in India include the Hyderabad MMTS , Delhi Suburban Railway , Pune Suburban Railway and Lucknow-Kanpur Suburban Railway . In 2020, Government of India approved Bengaluru Suburban Railway to connect Bengaluru and its suburbs. It will be unique and first of its kind in India as it will have metro like facilities and rolling stock. In Bangladesh, there

3248-528: The Greater Tokyo Area , Seoul metropolitan area , and Jabodetabek area have to stand in the train for more than an hour. Currently there are not many examples of commuter rail in Africa . Metrorail operates in the major cities of South Africa , and there are some commuter rail services in Algeria , Botswana , Kenya , Morocco , Egypt and Tunisia . In Algeria, SNTF operates commuter rail lines between

3364-845: The Guangshen Railway have more frequent metro-like service. The two MTR lines which are owned and formerly operated by the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation ( East Rail line and Tuen Ma line which is integrated from the former West Rail line and Ma On Shan line in 2021), then the "KCR" ), and MTR's own Tung Chung line connect the new towns in New Territories and the city centre Kowloon together with frequent intervals, and some New Territories-bound trains terminate at intermediate stations, providing more frequent services in Kowloon and

3480-807: The Hudson and New Haven Lines at Grand Central Terminal , on the Park Avenue main line . The tracks emerge above ground north of 97th Street and run on an elevated viaduct starting at 102nd Street in Manhattan. After stopping at Harlem–125th Street , the Metro-North lines cross the Harlem River at 135th Street in Manhattan , entering the Bronx via the Park Avenue Bridge . The Hudson Line splits off at this point to travel northwest along

3596-585: The Jakarta city center with surrounding cities and sub-urbans in Banten and West Java provinces, including Depok , Bogor , Tangerang , Serpong , Rangkasbitung , Bekasi and Cikarang . In July 2015, KRL Commuterline served more than 850,000 passengers per day, which is almost triple of the 2011 figures, but still less than 3.5% of all Jabodetabek commutes. Other commuter rail systems in Indonesia include

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3712-1023: The Metro Surabaya Commuter Line , Commuter Line Bandung , KAI Commuter Yogyakarta–Solo Line , Kedung Sepur , and the Sri Lelawangsa . In the Philippines, the Philippine National Railways has two commuter rail systems currently operational; the PNR Metro Commuter Line in the Greater Manila Area and the PNR Bicol Commuter in the Bicol Region . A new commuter rail line in Metro Manila,

3828-614: The North–South Commuter Railway , is currently under construction. Its North section is set to be partially opened by 2021. In Malaysia, there are two commuter services operated by Keretapi Tanah Melayu . They are the KTM Komuter that serves Kuala Lumpur and the surrounding Klang Valley area , and the KTM Komuter Northern Sector that serves Greater Penang , Perak , Kedah and Perlis in

3944-767: The Shanghai–Nanjing High-Speed Railway , serve a similar role with many more under construction or planned. In South Korea, some sections of the high-speed rail network are also heavily used by commuters, such as the section between Gwangmyeong Station and Seoul Station on the KTX network ( Gyeongbu HSR Line ), or the section between Dongtan Station and Suseo station on the SRT Line. The high-speed services linking Zürich , Bern and Basel in Switzerland (200 km/h (120 mph)) have brought

4060-588: The Underground and the Overground , Elizabeth line , Thameslink along with other commuter rail operators , Madrid's Metro and Cercanías , Barcelona's Metro and Rodalies , and Tokyo's subway and the JR lines along with various privately owned and operated commuter rail systems. Regional rail usually provides rail services between towns and cities, rather than purely linking major population hubs in

4176-406: The United States . It was franchised, on April 25, 1831, to run between the original city core in lower Manhattan to the suburb of Harlem, several miles to the north on Manhattan Island. The railroad's charter allowed the line to run between 23rd Street and any point on the Harlem River between Eighth and Third Avenue, with a branch running to the Hudson River, encompassing most of the island. While

4292-426: The Yamanote Line , Keihin Tohoku Line , Chūō–Sōbu Line services arguably are more akin to rapid transit with frequent stops, simple stopping patterns (relative to other JR East lines) no branching services and largely serving the inner suburbs; other services along the Chūō Rapid Line , Sōbu Rapid Line / Yokosuka Line , Ueno–Tokyo Line , Shōnan–Shinjuku Line etc. are mid-distance services from suburban lines in

4408-482: The construction of Grand Central Terminal in the early 1900s, all of New York Central's lines that ran into the terminal were electrified. Third rail was installed on the Hudson and Harlem Divisions, while the New Haven Division received overhead wires on the segments that were not shared with the Harlem and Hudson Division. In November 1907, the first electric train operated on the Harlem Division, running between Grand Central Terminal and Wakefield. On October 10, 1909,

4524-422: The "Harlem Depression Agreement", with the railroad paying for the construction of bridges over the now-depressed line. Service on the Harlem Line was expected to double. Express trains were expected to go at least 30 miles per hour (48 km/h), while locals were expected to go at least 20 miles per hour (32 km/h). 4.5 miles (7.2 km) of the line were put into a cut 12 to 14 feet (3.7 to 4.3 m) below

4640-426: The 1853 purchase of the Spuyten Duyvil and Port Morris Railroad , was built to Port Morris . When the Grand Central Depot opened in 1871, the depot that the line used was changed from being at 26th Street and Fourth Avenue to Grand Central Depot at 42nd Street. On April 1, 1873, the New York and Harlem Railroad was leased for 401 years to the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company. The line then became

4756-472: The 1970s, leading to a decline in service. The last New York City Metropolitan area New York Central steam train left Harmon for Albany and points west on August 7, 1953, behind NYC Niagara 4-8-4 #6020, after which the entire New York Central system became dieselized east of Buffalo (and east of Cleveland, Ohio the following month). On December 20, 1956, the state opened up bids for the elimination of grade-crossings in Pleasantville. Planned for 25 years, this

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4872-402: The 300 km/h (186 mph) Nuremberg–Ingolstadt high-speed railway . The regional trains Stockholm – Uppsala , Stockholm– Västerås , Stockholm– Eskilstuna and Gothenburg – Trollhättan in Sweden reach 200 km/h (120 mph) and have many daily commuters. In Great Britain , the HS1 domestic services between London and Ashford runs at a top speed of 225 km/h, and in peak hours

4988-480: The Bronx northwards through Westchester: the Bronx River Parkway (and a short portion that becomes the Taconic State Parkway ), the Saw Mill River Parkway and Interstate 684 . In the last section it also begins to run close to NY 22 , the long north–south two-lane state highway that parallels the eastern border of the state. In Westchester, it serves some of that county's most affluent communities as it slowly trends eastward. The Harlem Line begins underground with

5104-415: The Bronx portion of the Harlem Line. The Westchester portion of the Harlem Line begins at Bronx River Road in southeastern Yonkers . After the Mount Vernon West station, the line runs along the on-ramp to the Cross County Parkway eastbound, right before Fleetwood station. After the Bronxville station, the tracks parallel the Bronx River Parkway all the way up to White Plains . From White Plains,

5220-445: The Bronx side of the Harlem River had to be elevated. The entire cost was $ 2 million. On October 15, 1897, a spacious new station in Harlem was opened at 125th Street, replacing a small, dingy station in the old Park Avenue open cut. The new station was built atop the old open cut and directly under the new Park Avenue Viaduct. The platforms, which were built on the viaduct, were built to be 400 feet (120 m) long. As part of

5336-448: The Central Business Districts (CBDs) of these three cities within 1 hour of each other. This has resulted in unexpectedly high demand for new commuter trips between the three cities and a corresponding increase in suburban rail passengers accessing the high-speed services at the main city-centre stations ( Hauptbahnhof ). The Regional-Express commuter service between Munich and Nuremberg in Germany runs at 200 km/h (120 mph) on

5452-415: The Central requested permission from the PSC to reduce service between Pawling and Chatham to save $ 110,544.47 a year. Starting on October 25, 1961, some trains became equipped with two-way radio communication on the Harlem Line to test the technology, with the hope of adding them to all commuter trains on the New York Central. They were meant to be used when delays in service occurred. On January 10, 1964,

5568-407: The City Common Council secretly granted the railroad the right to lay track along Broadway to City Hall and Bowling Green. There was a public outcry once this was found out by the general public, and at the time a fraudulent map was circulated showing that the railroad would take up 23 feet (7.0 m) of the street when it would only take up 5 feet (1.5 m). Newspaper editors also came out against

5684-402: The East Rail Line share tracks with intercity trains to mainland China . The three KCR lines are integrated into the MTR network since 2008 and most passengers do not need to exit and re-enter the system through separate fare gates and purchase separate tickets to transfer between such lines and the rest of the network (the exceptions are between the Tuen Ma line's East Tsim Sha Tsui station and

5800-426: The Harlem Division of the New York Central. The lease did not include the portion of the line using horse cars. Horse cars were replaced with an underground trolley system in 1897, when it was leased to the Metropolitan Street Railway Company . In 1875, the line was grade-separated and put in an open cut and a viaduct between Grand Central and the Harlem River to reduce the loss of life and to increase speeds. The work

5916-402: The Harlem Division started running over the new drawbridge over the Harlem River and the elevated structure connecting to it. As part of the project, the line north of 106th Street to the Harlem River was elevated so that it could reach the height of the new four-track drawbridge: the only one in the country at the time. The project was known as the Park Avenue Improvement. The new line went via

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6032-436: The Harlem Line has the most of any Metro-North main line. Its northern terminal , Wassaic , is the northernmost station in the system. It is the only Metro-North line used exclusively by that carrier (no use by Amtrak , though CSX services freight customers as far north as Mount Vernon ) and the only one that uses the entirety of existing track. It is colored blue on Metro-North timetables and system maps, and stations on

6148-570: The Harlem River to provide room for the railroad. The street was widened by 20 feet (6.1 m) on either side, making the street 140 feet (43 m) wide. The company ceded the title for the land that would be occupied by Fourth Avenue to the city in exchange for permission to occupy it. In that same year, the railroad purchased six city lots at Fourth Avenue and 26th Street for $ 7,000 for the construction of car barns and stables. The first section, along Bowery from Prince Street north to 14th Street , consisting of .85 miles (1.37 km), opened to

6264-430: The Harlem River, while the Harlem and New Haven diverges into open-cut north of 144th Street. In the Bronx, the Harlem and New Haven Lines cut through the neighborhoods of the southwest Bronx, with two stations: Melrose , at 162nd Street (it then runs under the Cross Bronx Expressway ( I-95 ) and Tremont , at 177th Street. Fordham station is next, at Fordham Road (190th Street). The tracks rise to ground level after

6380-414: The MTA board approved plans to close the station. A spokesman for Metro-North said that the station was being "land banked" and was being boarded up, allowing it to be reopened if ridership increased. The decision was strongly opposed by Bronx Borough President Fernando Ferrer , who said that the agency created a self-fulfilling prophecy by failing to promote the station and by not maintaining it. Service at

6496-433: The Netherlands carry many commuters, while their equipment, range, and speeds are similar to those of commuter trains in some larger countries. The United Kingdom has a privatised rail system, with different routes and services covered by different private operators. The distinction between commuter and intercity rail is not as clear as it was before privatisation (when InterCity existed as a brand of its own), but usually it

6612-469: The New York Central began installing third rail between Mount Vernon and White Plains. On March 14, 1910, electric service was extended to North White Plains. Passengers that used the Upper Harlem Division were attracted to this cleaner, faster service. In July 1909, the New York State Public Service Commission ordered that the New York Central Railroad eliminate grade crossings at Hamilton Avenue, Railroad Avenue and Tibbits Avenue in White Plains and construct

6728-620: The New York Central began operating zone schedules for some outbound evening rush hour trains. It expanded this to some inbound morning rush hour trains to Grand Central on June 28, 1965. The implementation of zone scheduling was intended to speed trains service and reduce delays. Three additional morning inbound trains were added to facilitate the new zone schedule. Four zones were set up: Fleetwood and Mount Vernon were in Zone A, Crestwood, Tuckahoe and Bronxville were in Zone B, Hartsdale and Scarsdale were in Zone C, and White Plains-North and White Plains were in Zone D. Zone schedules operated as follows:

6844-423: The New York Central did not yet begin work on improvements to the line at White Plains and adjacent stations, as work on improvements at West Mount Vernon were still underway. This included the filling-in of the new roadbed west of the existing station. As part of the project, a viaduct was constructed to eliminate the dangerous grade crossing in Yonkers at Railroad Avenue and Mount Vernon Avenue. A new freight station

6960-401: The PSC approved plans by the New York Central to implement zoned fares in the southern part of the New York commutation area (north to North White Plains). The plan went into effect on January 22. Though it was meant to be experimental, and to last one year, this was kept in place. On July 1, 1964, expanded off-peak local and express service was implemented on a pilot basis. On February 1, 1965,

7076-411: The Tsuen Wan line's Tsim Sha Tsui station . In Taiwan, the Western line in the Taipei - Taoyuan Metropolitan Area, Taichung Metropolitan Area and Tainan - Kaohsiung Metropolitan Area as well as the Neiwan - Liujia line in the Hsinchu Area are considered commuter rail. In South Korea, the Seoul Metropolitan Subway includes a total of 22 lines, and some of its lines are suburban lines. This

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7192-467: The capital Algiers and its southern and eastern suburbs. They also serve to connect Algiers ' main universities to each other. The Dar es Salaam commuter rail offers intracity services in Dar es Salaam , Tanzania. In Botswana, the ( Botswana Railways ) "BR Express" has a commuter train between Lobatse and Gaborone . In Japan, commuter rail systems have extensive network and frequent service and are heavily used. In many cases, Japanese commuter rail

7308-410: The company wanted to run the line as a steam line, the city made it use horse power south of 14th Street. On September 13, 1831, the board of directors of the railroad approved its route along Fourth Avenue (renamed Park Avenue on March 1, 1888) from 23rd Street to the Harlem River. On April 6, 1832, the railroad's charter was amended to allow the line to be extended south to 14th Street. On May 2, 1832,

7424-474: The construction of the line. The right-of-way and land for that line was sold as part of this transaction, on which, it built its line into Westchester , Putnam , Dutchess , and Columbia Counties . Service was extended into Westchester in multiple stages. The line was first extended north 4 miles (6.4 km) into Westchester on December 14, 1840, before reaching Fordham on March 1, 1841. Extended service reached Williams Bridge on September 3, 1842, and then in

7540-417: The dense parts of Seoul, some track sections extend far outside of the city, and operate large sections at ground level, such as on the Line 1 , Line 3 and Line 4 . In Busan, the Donghae Line , while part of the Busan Metro system, mostly functions as a commuter rail line. In Indonesia , the KRL Commuterline is the largest commuter rail system in the country, serving the Greater Jakarta . It connects

7656-408: The first train ran non-stop to Grand Central from the closest zone-Zone A. The second train would serve Zone B stops and run non-stop to Grand Central, the third would run non-stop to Grand Central after making Zone C stops, and the fourth would do the same, but for Zone D stops. Commuter rail The term can refer to systems with a wide variety of different features and service frequencies, but

7772-416: The former BR 's Regional Railways , France's TER ( Transport express régional ), Germany's Regionalexpress and Regionalbahn , and South Korea's Tonggeun and Mugunghwa-ho services. In some European countries, the distinction between commuter trains and long-distance/intercity trains is subtle, due to the relatively short distances involved. For example, so-called " intercity " trains in Belgium and

7888-413: The former Dykemans and abandoned Towners stations up to Patterson and into Dutchess County. Shortly before reaching Pawling , the line enters the Harlem Valley (which takes its name from the railroad) and begins to parallel Route 22, although not as closely as it did the roads further south. A few miles north of Pawling, the Appalachian Trail crossing has its own stop to allow thru-hikers to take

8004-410: The interstate, although only the former can be seen from it. North of the latter, the tracks follow the river to Croton Falls , and pick up Route 22 for the first time. After Croton Falls, the Harlem Line runs along East Branch Reservoir and crosses into Putnam County and its rural landscape. Above Brewster station, the railroad passes through the yards at Putnam Junction to Southeast station, which

8120-552: The line has traditionally served to bring commuters from Westchester County to jobs in the city, since the 2000s it has begun to see more " reverse commuting " from the Bronx into Westchester and points north. The northern reaches of the line are also close enough to Western Massachusetts that residents in parts of that region are also able to commute to jobs in New York City. The Harlem Line hews closely to roads along river -based transportation corridors dating back to even pre-rail times. It follows three major parkways closely from

8236-425: The line have blue trim. The blue color-coding appears to have started with timetables issued by predecessor New York Central for the then-Harlem Division as far back as 1965. The Harlem Line was originally chartered in 1831 as the New York and Harlem Railroad (NY&H) and was leased to the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company in 1871. The line became part of the Metro-North Railroad in 1983. While

8352-475: The line was extended to Tenmile River and its new northern terminus, Wassaic . The total travel time between Grand Central and Wassaic is 2 hours on a peak through train. A small yard where diesel trains await their routes just past the station marks the end of the line. The Harlem Line in its current form originated from the New York and Harlem Railroad (NY&H), which was the first streetcar company in

8468-414: The line's existing grade, starting 500 feet (150 m) north of 138th Street to 2,000 feet (610 m) north of Bedford Park station. Upon completion, there was a four track line from Woodlawn Junction to Grand Central. The line's cost was initially anticipated to be $ 2 million. On July 10, 1890, as part of the line's grade-separation project in the Bronx, the third track between Mott Haven and Fordham

8584-747: The next station is Valhalla adjacent to the Taconic State Parkway. The double-track line then curves to follow the Saw Mill River Valley and the eponymous parkway. Rail and road briefly separate at Mount Kisco , but then remain close by at the last stop along the Saw Mill, Bedford Hills (although the parkway cannot be seen from the station). Past Katonah, the railroad runs between the Croton River and I-684. Golden's Bridge and Purdy's are both located very close to

8700-973: The northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. In Thailand, the Greater Bangkok Commuter rail and the Airport Rail Link serve the Bangkok Metropolitan Region . The SRT Red Lines , a new commuter line in Bangkok, started construction in 2009. It opened in 2021. Another commuter rail system in Southeast Asia is the Yangon Circular Railway in Myanmar . In India, commuter rail systems are present in major cities and form an important part of people's daily lives. Mumbai Suburban Railway ,

8816-1017: The number expected to rise even higher upon full completion of the Acharnes Railway Center . Eskişehir-Ankara and Konya-Ankara high speed train routes serve as high speed commuter trains in Turkey. Commuter/suburban trains are usually optimized for maximum passenger volume, in most cases without sacrificing too much comfort and luggage space, though they seldom have all the amenities of long-distance trains. Cars may be single- or double-level , and aim to provide seating for all. Compared to intercity trains, they have less space, fewer amenities and limited baggage areas. Commuter rail trains are usually composed of multiple units , which are self-propelled, bidirectional, articulated passenger rail cars with driving motors on each (or every other) bogie . Depending on local circumstances and tradition they may be powered either by diesel engines located below

8932-533: The oldest suburban rail system in Asia, carries more than 7.24 million commuters on a daily basis which constitutes more than half of the total daily passenger capacity of the Indian Railways itself. Kolkata Suburban Railway , one of the largest suburban railway networks in the world, consists of more than 450 stations and carries more than 3.5 million commuters per day. The Chennai Suburban Railway along with

9048-562: The other, the Northern line continues out of the city centre to a mainline rail interchange, while the Wirral line has a city-centre loop. Melrose (Metro-North station) Melrose station (also known as Melrose–East 162nd Street station ) is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad 's Harlem Line , serving the Melrose neighborhood of the Bronx , New York City . It

9164-700: The outer reaches of Greater Tokyo through operating into these lines to form a high frequency corridor though central Tokyo. Other commuter rail routes in Japan include: Commuter rail systems have been inaugurated in several cities in China such as Beijing , Shanghai , Zhengzhou , Wuhan , Changsha and the Pearl River Delta . With plans for large systems in northeastern Zhejiang , Jingjinji , and Yangtze River Delta areas. The level of service varies considerably from line to line ranging high to near high speeds. More developed and established lines such as

9280-423: The passenger compartment ( diesel multiple units ) or by electricity picked up from third rails or overhead lines ( electric multiple units ). Multiple units are almost invariably equipped with control cabs at both ends, which is why such units are so frequently used to provide commuter services, due to the associated short turn-around time. Locomotive hauled services are used in some countries or locations. This

9396-487: The public on November 26, 1832. On that day a demonstration showing the car's braking ability was conducted, but inadvertently, one horsecar rear-ended into another with no serious injuries. This might have been the first rear-end collision in the United States. Service was then extended northward along Fourth Avenue to 32nd Street on June 10, 1833. The Murray Hill rock cut was completed in 1834, and service along

9512-484: The railroad winds its way through the city and passing through the yards at North White Plains , which was the northern boundary of third-rail electrification until 1984. The stretch north of North White Plains is unique because it is the only third-rail electrified stretch of Metro-North's network that has grade crossings , a byproduct of its existence pre-electrification. Katonah and Brewster stations are located right next to grade crossings. After North White Plains,

9628-770: The railroad's charter was amended to allow the route to be extended north to Albany. On May 10, 1852, the line was extended north to Chatham Four Corners in Columbia County with a connection to the Boston and Albany Railroad , and trackage rights northwest to Albany . In the years following, the Harlem Railroad ran some of its trains over the Boston and Albany Railroad from Chatham to Albany. Additional connections could be made to railroads serving North Bennington, Vermont and other points in western Vermont. Chatham

9744-650: The railroad's plan. In Spring 1833, the railroad published a pamphlet to refute objections to their plan titled "A Statement of Facts in Relation to the Origin, Progress, and Prospects of the New-York and Harlem Railroad Company." On March 1, 1833, a meeting was held in Tammany Hall concerning the issue, and at the meeting cab drivers and owners came out against the railroad. After the meeting, the crowd tore up some of

9860-431: The railroad's track. After the meeting, the council withdrew its Broadway agreement with the railroad. The railroad was extended downtown in 1839, but along a different route. Ground was broken on the construction of the line on February 23, 1832, at Murray Hill on Fourth Avenue. At the ceremony, Vice President of the railroad, John Mason hinted at the railroad's ambitions saying that while the railroad's principal objective

9976-508: The rapid transit service. In 1888, work began on a project to grade-separate 7 miles (11 km) the line from Mott Haven to Bedford Park, and to expand the line from two tracks to four tracks , with the additional tracks to be reserved for express trains, doubling the line's capacity. This project was funded entirely by the railroad, and was reached in an agreement with the New York City Department of Public Works, titled

10092-552: The rest of the day, with regional rail being used to refer to systems that offer all-day service. Most commuter (or suburban) trains are built to main line rail standards, differing from light rail or rapid transit (metro rail) systems by: Compared to rapid transit (or metro rail), commuter/suburban rail often has lower frequency , following a schedule rather than fixed intervals, and fewer stations spaced further apart. They primarily serve lower density suburban areas (non inner-city), generally only having one or two stops in

10208-488: The same right-of-way can drastically reduce system construction costs. However, frequently they are built with dedicated tracks within that right-of-way to prevent delays, especially where service densities have converged in the inner parts of the network. Most such trains run on the local standard gauge track. Some systems may run on a narrower or broader gauge. Examples of narrow gauge systems are found in Japan, Indonesia , Malaysia , Thailand , Taiwan, Switzerland, in

10324-409: The station and better market the service instead of closing it. At the time, workers were sinking cement posts to board up the station in preparation for its closing. Metro-North planned to close the station on April 1, 1988, but delayed it by ninety days at the request of Bronx officials to allow the railroad and the community to study future development plans in the area and to reconsider the future of

10440-566: The station and its scheduled stops to the Melrose community, including court facilities on 161st Street, the Concourse Village complex, and the Bronx Court Building, offering commuter discounts and free round-trips on a temporary basis, posting directional signs to the station's entrance, and installing mirrors to increase safety in the station. On August 16, 1989, Metro-North announced that it had dropped plans to close

10556-408: The station to serve events at the stadium. In 2012, Melrose residents expressed concern regarding the station; residents would like to see more frequent service, but track and capacity limitations hinder the amount of service available for the stop. Other concerns regarded the lack of accessibility, and the past closure of the main entrance to the stop. The main entrance was closed when the community

10672-563: The station was hard to find because it was located partially underneath a high-rise building. In 2006, the station was renovated, and the northbound platform was moved out from underneath the overpass to its current location. Prior to the opening of the Yankees–East 153rd Street station on the Hudson Line in 2009, the station was the closest station on the New York Central (later Penn Central) to Yankee Stadium . Specials ran to and from

10788-551: The station was very infrequent, and as a result local residents did not consider using it. He also cited the $ 80 million plan to redevelop the area. On March 30, 1988, two days before the planned closure of the station on April 1, Ferrer held a press conference with other Bronx political leaders outside the station protesting the MTA's decision. Ferrer led a tour of the station, showing its use by drug addicts, and its state of disrepair. He said that Metro-North should be working to improve

10904-514: The station. The annual maintenance cost for the station was $ 27,000, or more than $ 1,300 per rider. Melrose was removed from the April 3, 1988 timetable in anticipation of its closing but was reinstated on the June 19, 1988 timetable as the station never did close. In July 1988, Ferrer outlined several strategies to market the station and increase ridership. These included printing flyers publicizing

11020-426: The station. The station had been kept open, cleaned up, and the issue was reviewed at the request of Ferrer. On July 9, 2000 service at the station and Tremont was doubled, increasing from 11 weekday trains to 25 trains, and weekend service was restored, adding 19 daily trips. $ 2 million was provided in the MTA's 2000–2004 Capital Program to pay for new staircases at the station. Most of that funding went to Melrose as

11136-604: The stop at Fordham. The lines then parallel the western edge of Fordham University until the Botanical Garden station at Bedford Park Boulevard (200th Street). The tracks then cut northeast to join the Bronx River Parkway, which lies to the east of the tracks. The Williams Bridge station is next, at Gun Hill Road (210th Street). After the Williams Bridge station, Woodlawn Cemetery begins to

11252-544: The summer of 1844, the line reached Tuckahoe . On December 1, 1844, the line's terminus became White Plains, but in October 1846, trains began ending their runs at Pleasantville . Service reached Mount Kisco and Croton Falls, in February 1847, and on June 1, 1847, respectively. On December 31, 1848, Harlem Railroad service was extended to Dover Plains, providing service to parts of Putnam County and Dutchess County. In 1845,

11368-629: The time included what is now The Bronx . The corporate life of the NY&A ended on March 9, 1846, when it was bought by the Harlem. The line was not being completed as quickly as its charter required, so the New York State Legislature granted it multiple extensions to allow for the work to be completed. The last time an extension was granted was on April 11, 1842. The New York and Harlem Railroad bought that company for $ 35,000 on March 9, 1846, as it had failed to make any progress on

11484-461: The towns closer to Kowloon. They use rolling stocks with a faster maximum speed and have longer stop spacing compared to other lines which only run in the inner urban area, but in order to maximise capacity and throughput, these rolling stocks have longitudinal seatings, 5 pairs of doors in each carriage with large standing spaces like the urban lines, and run as frequent as well. Most of the sections of these four lines are overground and some sections of

11600-515: The train from either end. The motive power for locomotive-hauled commuter trains may be either electric or diesel–electric , although some countries, such as Germany and some of the former Soviet-bloc countries, also use diesel–hydraulic locomotives. In the US and some other countries, a three-and-two seat plan is used. Middle seats on these trains are often less popular because passengers feel crowded and uncomfortable. In Japan, South Korea and Indonesia, longitudinal (sideways window-lining) seating

11716-553: The trains can be full with commuters standing. The Athens Suburban Railway in Greece consists of five lines, 4 of which are electrified. The Kiato – Piraeus line and the Aigio – Airport lines reach speeds of up to 180 km/h (112 mph). The Athens – Chalcis line is also expected to attain speeds of up to 200 km/h (124 mph) upon upgrading of the SKA–Oinoi railway sector. These lines also have many daily commuters, with

11832-521: The trains run between two or several cities (e.g. S-Bahn in the Ruhr area of Germany). Distances between stations may vary, but are usually much longer than those of urban rail systems. In city centres the train either has a terminal station or passes through the city centre with notably fewer station stops than those of urban rail systems. Toilets are often available on-board trains and in stations. Their ability to coexist with freight or intercity services in

11948-469: The travel time to distant locations, often using station passing loops instead of dedicated express tracks. It is notable that the larger Japanese commuter rail systems are owned and operated by for-profit private railway companies, without public subsidy. East Japan Railway Company operates a large suburban train network in Tokyo with various lines connecting the suburban areas to the city center. While

12064-574: The type of train, amenities offered, and stopping pattern, usually tell the services apart. Russian commuter trains , on the other hand, frequently cover areas larger than Belgium itself, although these are still short distances by Russian standards. They have a different ticketing system from long-distance trains, and in major cities they often operate from a separate section of the train station. Some consider "inter-city" service to be that which operates as an express service between two main city stations, bypassing intermediate stations. However, this term

12180-470: The way inter-city rail does. Regional rail operates outside major cities. Unlike Inter-city, it stops at most or all stations between cities. It provides a service between smaller communities along the line that are often byproducts of ribbon developments , and also connects with long-distance services at interchange stations located at junctions, terminals, or larger towns along the line. Alternative names are "local train" or "stopping train". Examples include

12296-538: The west of the tracks, with Webster Avenue in between the cemetery and tracks. The Woodlawn station is at 233rd Street, and it is north of here that the New Haven Line diverges east to head towards the Northeast Corridor . The Harlem Line then goes under a bridge for the parkway, and it remains to the west of the tracks until Scarsdale station. The Wakefield station at 241st Street concludes

12412-566: Was $ 100,000. The New York Central operated the Berkshire Hills Express and several other through trains to Pittsfield and North Adams along this route to Chatham; then the NYC's Boston & Albany mainline to Pittsfield and the B&;A's North Adams branch to North Adams, into the mid-1940s, with dining service . In 1950, the through service to North Adams was trimmed to a shuttle from Chatham to North Adams, requiring

12528-412: Was at the height of its turmoil, but as the community has regained its footing the desire to have the station open to the primary commercial street, 161st Street , has grown. The station has two offset high-level side platforms , each two cars long, serving the outer tracks of the four-track line. reached by stairway from East 162nd Street and Courtland Avenue. When trains stop at the station, normally

12644-519: Was broken in various areas. Gouverneur Morris , a vice president and Director of the NY&A, reached an agreement with the Harlem. The NY&H would pay the NY&A's expenses on surveying with the understanding that the NY&H would be extended to Greenbush. The deal was completed on February 28, 1840, and on May 7, 1840, the New York State Legislature granted the Harlem the right to extend into Westchester County , which at

12760-739: Was built. As part of the project, there would be no grade along the line from White Plains to Mount Vernon. The roadbed at Hartsdale and Scarsdale would be lowered to reduce grades. In 1910, a yard dating back to the 1870s in Dover Plains was relocated to Putnam Junction in Brewster. On October 18, 1930, the Public Service Commission (PSC) listed the elimination of a grade crossing in Amenia, Benson crossing, as one of its projects to consider. The cost estimate for eliminating it

12876-552: Was completed for $ 6 million, of which half was paid by the city. On May 15, 1876, partial rapid transit began on the Harlem Line, with sixteen trains a day running between Grand Central Depot and William's Bridge. These trains made all stops between Grand Central and William's Bridge, with the exception of Jerome Park, which was skipped by half the trains. This was in addition to eight regular trains per day that stopped at William's Bridge. Two new stations were opened at 86th Street and 110th Street , both being exclusively served by

12992-548: Was completed. At the time, the four tracks between Woodlawn Junction and the Harlem River were almost completed, with a few hundred yards of rails needed to make some connections. The four tracks were expected to be completed on July 13. The New Haven Railroad planned to build a flyover at Williamsbridge for northbound trains so that their trains would not have to cross the other three tracks at grade. The rebuilt rapid transit stations were not yet completed. The entire project cost about $ 4 million. On February 15, 1897, trains on

13108-560: Was expected to cost $ 3.857 million. The crossings to be eliminated were at Manville and Bedford Roads. The tracks were lowered for 7,000 feet (2,100 m) and the two roads were bridged over the railroad. The station at Pleasantville was moved. On August 12, 1960, the PSC ordered the New York Central to continue the level of service to Chatham until it determined how much service was required. The Central had wanted to cut one train each way daily, leaving only one round-trip. On August 19, 1960,

13224-451: Was formerly known as Brewster North. This is the northern boundary of third rail electrification. North of Southeast, the line operates with a single track and uses diesel powered trains. Prior to the 2010s, the branch was not signaled, and manual block system rules were used to direct train movements; however, positive train control was installed in the late 2010s. The track finally follows its own course, away from any road or river, past

13340-506: Was local, its higher importance was to get to Albany. In 1832 the company was given permission to raise its stock limit to $ 500,000, equal to $ 15,260,000 today. In November, two horsecars built by John Stephenson were ready for operation, both of which were named after the railroad's president ("John Mason" and "President"). On April 27, 1837, an act was passed in the State Legislature to widen Fourth Avenue between 32nd Street and

13456-535: Was turned over to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority in 1972. Penn Central was acquired by Conrail in 1976, and the line and station were completely turned over to Metro-North Railroad on January 1, 1983. In 1988, the station was nearly closed due to the station's low daily ridership of 20 riders in the morning and 20 in the evening, and the adjacent Tremont station would have been closed on weekends. On February 26, 1988,

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