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96-465: Connecticut The greater Hartford–Springfield area is an urban region and surrounding suburban areas that encompasses both north-central Connecticut and the southern Connecticut River Valley in western Massachusetts ; its major city centers are Springfield, Massachusetts and Hartford, Connecticut . The area is also sometimes called the Knowledge Corridor , initially employed as

192-552: A 2012 rename ("New England's Knowledge Corridor") for the Hartford–Springfield Economic Partnership, an interstate cooperative venture to foster an economic, cultural, and civic partnership between the two major cities on the Connecticut River . The term Knowledge Corridor has gained a degree of currency, mostly with some government organizations as well as local businesses and universities using

288-610: A 5.44-mile-long (8.75 km) spur going eastbound to connect with the Massachusetts Turnpike , for travelers going either east toward Boston or west toward Albany, New York . North of Springfield, I-91 briefly enters Chicopee , there is an interchange with its spur, I-391 , at exit 9 (old exit 12) before turning westward to cross the Connecticut River into West Springfield . I-391 provides direct access to Holyoke , while I-91 continues on

384-624: A bend in the road. Several exits provide access to US 5 and Route 10 in Hatfield and Whately before entering Deerfield . I-91 has two exits in Greenfield . At exit 43 (old exit 26), the southern end of its overlap with Route 2 , there is a rest area and visitor information center for Franklin County . At exit 46 (old exit 27), also in Greenfield, is

480-552: A bit over 200.000 inhabitants to be considered as such. An example is the Conurbacion de Rancagua, which considers the area shared by the city of Rancagua, and the adjacent smaller towns of Machalí, Gultro and Graneros. Metropolitan areas are known as zonas metropolitanas in Mexico. The National Population Council (CONAPO) defines them as: As of 2018, there are 74 zonas metropolitanas in Mexico. 75.1 million people, 62.8% of

576-475: A bridge over the Long Island Sound, as one of the many Long Island Sound Link proposals. The extension would have continued southward from Wading River to the southern shore of Long Island by the existing County Route 46 (William Floyd Parkway) in central Suffolk County —which would have been updated to Interstate Highway standards . It would also provide easier access to New York City via

672-484: A campaign for Hartford businesses to "leave Hartford behind" for Springfield, touting Springfield's "quality of life". Since the two cities started to work collaboratively in 2000, both Hartford and Springfield have consciously defined themselves in different but complementary ways, like Raleigh–Durham , Minneapolis–Saint Paul or Dallas–Fort Worth . Both cities still feature many of the same strengths (e.g., prestigious universities and healthcare centers); however, Hartford

768-703: A city"), plural: aires d'attraction des villes . The official translation of this statistical area in English (as used by INSEE) is "functional area". The AAV follows the same definition as the Functional Urban Area (FUA) used by Eurostat and the OECD , and the AAVs are thus strictly comparable to the FUAs. The AAV replaced in 2020 the metropolitan statistical area called aire urbaine (AU). The AU, which

864-556: A common Connecticut River heritage – both were among the original four settlements of the Connecticut Colony ; however, an early legal dispute between two of the cities' Founding Fathers led the settlements to side with different colonies. In 1638, Springfield founder William Pynchon became embroiled in a legal dispute with one of the Connecticut Colony 's leading citizens, Captain John Mason. Mason charged Pynchon—and

960-628: A common methodological framework for delimitation of urban and rural areas, which contains a definition of metropolitan areas called the Functional urban area . It is defined as a city and its commuting zone, which is a contiguous area of spatial units that have at least 15% of their employed residents working in the city. In practice, the parameters of metropolitan areas, in both official and unofficial usage, are not consistent. Sometimes they are little different from an urban area, and in other cases, they cover broad regions that have little relation to

1056-837: A commuter belt and may extend well beyond the urban zone to other political entities. For example, East Hampton, New York , on Long Island is considered part of the New York metropolitan area . In 2020, the European Commission , the Food and Agriculture Organization , the United Nations Human Settlements Programme , the International Labour Organization , the OECD , and the World Bank have agreed on

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1152-487: A control city on mileage signs as far south as Greenfield, Massachusetts , is where I-91 and I-89 meet and provide access to many points in Vermont and New Hampshire, at exit 10. North of the interchange with I-89, I-91 continues toward St. Johnsbury and travels through Wilder and Norwich . It enters Orange County , passing through Thetford , Fairlee , Bradford , Newbury , and Wells River . It continues into

1248-471: A core population. A CMA requires a total population of at least 100,000, with 50,000 or more residing in the core, while a CA requires a core population of at least 10,000. Both are determined using data from Canada's Census of Population Program, and surrounding municipalities must demonstrate strong economic integration with the core, measured by commuting patterns. There are three metropolitan areas in Chile,

1344-588: A crossing of the Long Island Sound (see "Unbuilt Long Island extension" below). Vermont completed its last sections of I-91 in 1978. Starting in the 1990s, several rest areas were downgraded in Vermont, increasing distances between facilities. In 2008, Vermont closed the Springfield–Rockingham rest areas because of suspected use by drug abusers. In 2009, the northbound rest area in Hartford

1440-681: A district in Kocaeli province and thus in the jurisdiction of the Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality, is arguably within the metro area of Istanbul with many of its residents commuting to Istanbul for work and the Marmaray, a commuter rail line, extending into the district. The district however, as previously mentioned, is not a part of Istanbul's provincial limits, and thus not subject to the jurisdiction of its metropolitan municipality. The word metropolitan (municipality)

1536-431: A harmonised definition of the metropolitan area, and the goal was to have an area from which a significant share of the residents commute into the city, a concept known as the "functional urban region". France's national statistics office, INSEE , names an urban core and its surrounding area of commuter influence an aire d'attraction d'une ville    [ fr ] (or AAV, literally meaning "catchment area of

1632-577: A high degree of economic and social integration with the core as measured by commuting ties. The OMB then defines a Combined Statistical Area as consisting of various combinations of adjacent metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas with economic ties measured by commuting patterns. The Office of Management and Budget further defines a core-based statistical area (CBSA) to be a geographical area that consists of one or more counties (or equivalents) anchored by an urban center of at least 10,000 people plus adjacent counties that are socioeconomically tied to

1728-479: A large number of the United States' most prestigious higher-education institutions. The Knowledge Corridor includes surrounding cities such as Northampton and Amherst in the north, and New Britain and Middletown in the south. Hartford and Springfield's urban cores lie only 23.9 miles (38.5 km) apart; however, their efforts to cooperate have long been hampered by state border issues, beginning with

1824-592: A lawsuit in 1638. Hartford's Bradley International Airport is the closest airport, which sits equidistant between them in Windsor Locks, Connecticut . The Hartford–Springfield Knowledge Corridor Partnership was formalized by regional civic, business, and education leaders in 2000 at the Big E in West Springfield . Since their respective foundings in 1635 and 1636, Hartford and Springfield have possessed

1920-471: A normal Italian province. The list of metropolitan areas in Sweden is collated based on statistics of commuting between central municipalities and surrounding municipalities and taking into account existing planning cooperation in the country's three geographic regions. They were defined around 1965. In 2005, a number of further municipalities were added to the defined areas. The word metropolitan describes

2016-473: A population exceeding one million as a metropolitan area as per the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 . In Indonesia , the government of Indonesia defines a metropolitan area as an urban agglomeration where its spatial planning is prioritised due to its highly important influence on the country. Jakarta , Surabaya , Bandung , Semarang , Medan , Makassar , Palembang are important metropolitan area in

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2112-691: A professional hockey partnership, as the Springfield American Hockey League team (first the Indians and then the Falcons ) served as the development affiliate of the National Hockey League 's Hartford Whalers . Since 2000, both cities have seen an increase in public and private investment, and a general increase in culture, vitality, and civic pride. The Knowledge Corridor high-speed intercity rail line

2208-409: A respective regiopolitan area, or regio, was introduced by German professors in 2006. In the United States, the term micropolitan statistical area is used. A metropolitan area combines an urban agglomeration with the contiguous built-up areas, which are not necessarily urban in character but are closely bound to the center by employment or other commerce. These outlying zones are sometimes known as

2304-650: A seldom-staffed temporary border patrol checkpoint was installed near White River Junction, Vermont , about 100 miles (160 km) from the Canada–United States border. In 2005, the Massachusetts Highway Department completed a rebuild of on- and offramps in Springfield to reduce accidents caused by weaving near the tightly spaced exits. During its construction in the 1960s, I-91 sliced through three Springfield neighborhoods:

2400-588: A short exit-less stretch, I-91 enters Northampton , passing the Northampton Airport and an oxbow lake . The towns of Hadley and Amherst , home to the main campus of the University of Massachusetts Amherst , are accessible from I-91 exits in Northampton via Route 9 . Continuing north, I-91 enters Hatfield , where it begins a straight section—nearly six miles (9.7 km) without

2496-434: A single urban settlement; comparative statistics for metropolitan areas should take this into account. The term metropolitan can also refer to a county -level municipal government structure, with some shared services between a central city and its suburbs, which may or may not include the entirety of a metropolitan area. Population figures given for one metro area can vary by millions. There has been no significant change in

2592-453: A workforce of 1.1 million people and over 41,000 businesses. It is home to six Fortune 500 Companies. Its two major cities, Hartford and Springfield, have a combined GDP exceeding $ 100 billion per year, more than 16 U.S. states. This figure does not include the smaller cities and towns of the "Knowledge Corridor", (e.g., Northampton, Massachusetts and Middletown, Connecticut) but only the two principal cities. As of its tenth anniversary in 2010,

2688-601: Is concurrent with the Interstate (in this case, US 5, for a 0.5-mile (0.80 km) spur near the Springfield–Longmeadow town line and Route 2, for approximately three miles (4.8 km) in Greenfield). I-91 traverses the entire length of Vermont and serves as a major transportation corridor for eastern Vermont and western New Hampshire . Due to its routing along the Connecticut River separating

2784-662: Is 290 miles (470 km) long and travels north and south: 58 miles (93 km) in Connecticut , 55 miles (89 km) in Massachusetts , and 177 miles (285 km) in Vermont . I-91 parallels US Route 5 (US 5) for all of its length, and many of the exits along I-91 provide direct or indirect access to the older route. Much of the route of I-91 follows the Connecticut River , traveling from Hartford, Connecticut , northward to St. Johnsbury, Vermont . I-91

2880-532: Is a metropolitan area in the United Arab Emirates. It consists of the combined, greater urban areas of Dubai, Ajman, and Sharjah. The urban areas at the northeast end of Dubai flow into those of Sharjah, which in turn are contiguous with those of Ajman. The total population is about 5.9 million people as of 2023 The European Union 's statistical agency Eurostat has created a concept named larger urban zone (LUZ). The LUZ represents an attempt at

2976-404: Is an example of statistically grouping independent cities and county areas from various states to form a larger city because of proximity, history and recent urban convergence. Metropolitan areas may themselves be part of a greater megalopolis . For urban centres located outside metropolitan areas that generate a similar attraction at a smaller scale for a region, the concept of a regiopolis and

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3072-470: Is generally only used as an administrative distinction in Turkey. The United Kingdom 's Office for National Statistics defines " travel to work areas " as areas where "at least 75% of an area's resident workforce work in the area and at least 75% of the people who work in the area also live in the area". The European Union 's ESPON group has compiled a separate list of metropolitan areas which covers

3168-518: Is increasingly being defined as the Knowledge Corridor's business center, with its postmodern skyline, numerous corporate headquarters, government district, and relatively wider main thoroughfares, while Springfield is being defined as the Knowledge Corridor's recreational center, with numerous amusements for both children and adults; renovated, human-scale Victorian architecture ; and a walkable , lively Metro Center . Journalists note that

3264-577: Is located in Luzon ), Metro Cebu (which is located in Visayas ), Metro Davao (which is located in Mindanao ), and Greater Manila Area (which is the largest metropolitan area of Manila ). The official definition of each area does not necessarily follow the actual extent of continuous urbanization. For example, the built-up area of Metro Manila has long spilled out of its officially defined borders into

3360-440: Is one such project, intended to unite the region and ease residents' dependence on Interstate 91 . Also, both cities are pursuing different strategies to reconnect with the Connecticut River for economic and recreational opportunities. For decades after the decline of New England manufacturing, Hartford and Springfield competed for similar businesses. During the early 1990s, a former Springfield mayor even went so far as to launch

3456-526: Is the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality , which presided over nearly 5 million people as of 2016. However, the Greater Johannesburg metropolitan area houses roughly ten times the population of its core municipal city of Johannesburg , which contained 957,441 people as of the 2011 census. The IBGE defines also "Immediate Geographic Areas" (formerly termed microregions ) which capture

3552-546: Is the fourth largest metropolitan area in South Africa . Its population was over 9.6 million as of the 2011 South Africa Census, in contrast to its urban area, which consisted of approximately 7.9 million inhabitants as of 2011. Conversely, metropolitan municipalities in South Africa are defined as commonly governed areas of a metropolitan area. The largest such metropolitan municipal government entity in South Africa

3648-486: Is the major north–south transportation corridor for the center of the state. It is the main route between the larger cities of New Haven, Hartford, and Springfield, Massachusetts . As such, it is almost always heavily trafficked (especially during rush hour) and maintains at least three lanes in each direction through Connecticut except for a short portion in Hartford at the interchange with I-84 , and another in Meriden at

3744-707: The Caledonia County communities of Ryegate , Barnet and Waterford , before coming to its next major intersection in St. Johnsbury at the northern terminus of I-93 , providing access to the White Mountains of New Hampshire and the Greater Boston area. Along this stretch of highway between White River Junction and St. Johnsbury, towns in Grafton County, New Hampshire , on the other side of

3840-537: The Charter Oak Bridge . I-91 then has an interchange with I-84, where all other transitions to and from I-84 take place. Before leaving the city limits, a high-occupancy vehicle lane begins that has its own set of interchanges up to exit 38. I-91 then enters Windsor and meets the western end of its other Connecticut spur route, I-291 . At the Windsor– Windsor Locks town line, it meets

3936-564: The Eastern Townships . As with Connecticut and Massachusetts, US 5 closely parallels I-91 for their entire lengths in Vermont. While paralleling I-91 in Vermont, US 5 is never concurrent with the freeway but remains its own two-lane road, except for a portion in White River Junction where it is a four-lane divided surface arterial. Traffic and the population of each successive town tend to diminish as

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4032-779: The Islamabad Capital Territory ; two are located in Sindh , including Karachi , the largest metropolitan area in the country, and Hyderabad ; one in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa : Peshawar ; and the final in Balochistan : Quetta . The Philippines currently has three metropolitan areas defined by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA). These metropolitan areas are separated into three main geographical areas; Metro Manila (which

4128-745: The Long Island Expressway (I-495), as well as to the Hamptons via New York State Route 27 (Sunrise Highway). The various proposals for this never-built extension were ultimately dropped after a 1979 study of the concept. Following this, officials proposed to connect the New Haven and Shoreham –Wading River areas by means of ferry service across the Long Island Sound—however, the plans to implement these cross-sound ferry services were ultimately mothballed, as well. Despite

4224-555: The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame from everything east of the highway—the majority of the city. I-91 was erected without tunnels, footbridges or other paths, a design choice which poses logistical problems for travel between the riverfront and the remainder of the city. This, in turn, poses problems for businesses that would like to set up along the riverfront. The placement of I-91 has left Springfield's riverfront virtually undeveloped, aside from

4320-677: The New York State Department of Transportation in 2018. All interchanges in Massachusetts were to be renumbered to milepost-based numbers under a project scheduled to start in 2016. However, this project was indefinitely postponed until November 18, 2019, when the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) confirmed that, beginning in the middle of 2020, the exit renumbering project will begin. On March 1, 2021, MassDOT confirmed that

4416-546: The North End , Metro Center , and South End , which led to urban decay in the highway's vicinity. Springfield's portion of the Interstate was widely regarded as positive progress when it was built. However, by the 2010s, it would come to be perceived as disrupting the urban fabric of riverfront neighborhoods while effectively disconnecting the Connecticut River , the Connecticut River Walk Park and

4512-674: The Pioneer Valley of western Massachusetts paralleling the Connecticut River . I-91 serves as the major transportation corridor through three Massachusetts counties, linking the cities of Springfield , Northampton , and Greenfield . These three cities serve as the control cities listed on guide and mileage signs, along with Brattleboro, Vermont , beginning with the first northbound conventional mileage sign (63 miles [101 km]) in Longmeadow. In Springfield, I-91 has an interchange with I-291 at exit 6 (old exit 8),

4608-538: The William H. Putnam Memorial Bridge over the Connecticut River . From there to St. Johnsbury, Vermont , I-91 parallels the river, never more than five miles (8.0 km) from its west bank. I-91 then enters the Hartford city limits; in that city, it has a set of interchanges with US 5/Route 15 ( Wilbur Cross Highway ), which provides access from I-91 north to I-84 east, and from I-84 west to I-91 south via

4704-589: The core of a core based statistical area which is defined as an urban area , (this is different than the urban core ) and consists of central and outlying counties, as the terms central city and suburb are no longer used by the census bureau due to suburbanization of employment. In other countries metropolitan areas are sometimes anchored by one central city such as the Paris metropolitan area ( Paris ). In other cases, metropolitan areas contain multiple centers of equal or close to equal importance, especially in

4800-430: The 1960s and 1970s, the Connecticut River was polluted and Interstate 91 was built along both riverfronts – slicing through existing neighborhoods. During this period Hartford, which had historically always been slightly more populous than Springfield, hemorrhaged residents. By 1960, Springfield had become more populous than Hartford, and remains more populous as of 2011. During the 1990s, Hartford and Springfield established

4896-573: The Cultivation and Development of Modern Metropolitan Areas ( 关于培育发展现代化都市圈的指导意见 ) on Feb 19, 2019, in which a metropolitan area was defined as "an urbanized spatial form in a megalopolis dominated by (a) supercity(-ies) or megacity(-ies), or a large metropolis playing a leading part, and within the basic range of 1-hour commute area." In India , a metropolitan city is defined as one with a population more than four million. In policing jurisdiction, state governments can declare any city or town with

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4992-720: The Knowledge Corridor Partnership has been cited for both increasing jobs and keeping jobs in the Hartford–Springfield region, e.g. Eppendorf in Enfield, Connecticut , brought over 200 jobs to the Corridor, and MassMutual in Springfield brought over 300 new jobs. It is reported that "officials in Connecticut don’t get jealous if they lose a prospect to Massachusetts and vice versa... Because, if

5088-466: The Springfield features culture that far outsizes its metropolitan population of 1.9 million (see below). In 2018 the MGM company opened the MGM Springfield a destination resort casino in with over 2 million square feet of hotel, casino, shopping, and amenities in Springfield. The construction project involved the restoration of a number of historic buildings that had been damaged in the 2011 New England tornado outbreak . The Hartford–Springfield area has

5184-511: The U.S. and seven for Puerto Rico) and 541 Micropolitan Statistical Areas (μSAs – 536 for the U.S. and five for Puerto Rico). The 169 Combined Statistical Areas (166 for the U.S. and three for Puerto Rico) each comprise two or more adjacent Core Based Statistical Areas. The Office of Management and Budget defines a Metropolitan Statistical Area as one or more adjacent counties or county equivalents that have at least one urban area of at least 50,000 population, plus adjacent territory that has

5280-432: The UK. Interstate 91 Interstate 91 ( I-91 ) is an Interstate Highway in the New England region of the United States. It is the primary north–south thoroughfare in the western part of the region. Its southern terminus is in New Haven, Connecticut , at I-95 , while the northern terminus is in Derby Line, Vermont , at the Canada–United States border . Past the Derby Line–Rock Island Border Crossing ,

5376-398: The United States; for example, the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area has eight principal cities. The Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area in Pakistan, the Rhine-Ruhr in Germany, and the Randstad in The Netherlands are other examples. In the United States , the concept of metropolitan statistical areas has gained prominence. The area of the Greater Washington metropolitan area

5472-413: The [cities] weren't working together, these companies wouldn't even consider us." Public schools are highly regarded, in 2016 Massachusetts ranked first in the country for Pre-K through 12 education while Connecticut ranked fifth. The Hartford–Springfield area is home to a high concentration of preparatory schools. Metropolitan area Metropolitan areas in the United States are delineated around

5568-520: The adjacent provinces of Bulacan , Rizal , Laguna , and Cavite known as Greater Manila Area . The number of metropolitan areas in the Philippines was reduced from 13 in 2007 to the current three based from the 2017–2022 Philippine Development Plan by NEDA. The other 10 metropolitan areas were Metro Angeles , Metro Bacolod , Metro Baguio , Metro Batangas , Metro Cagayan de Oro , Metro Dagupan , Metro Iloilo–Guimaras , Metro Butuan , Metro Naga , and Metro Olongapo . Dubai - Sharjah - Ajman (DSA)

5664-447: The basic concept of metropolitan areas since its adoption in 1950, although significant changes in geographic distributions have occurred since then, and more are expected. Because of the fluidity of the term "metropolitan statistical area", the term used colloquially is more often "metro service area", "metro area", or "MSA", taken to include not only a city but also the surrounding suburban, exurban and sometimes rural areas, all of which

5760-477: The biggest and most important one is the Gran Santiago in the Santiago Metropolitan Region, with over 7 million inhabitants, making it the largest and most populated urban area in Chile. The other two metro areas are Gran Valparaiso in the Valparaiso Region with almost a million inhabitants, and Gran Concepción in the Bio Bio Region, with a population of about a million people living in it. Smaller "metropolitan" areas are known as conurbations. Conurbaciones tend to have

5856-426: The cancelation of the bridge, many Long Islanders are still in favor of building one. In 2000, a survey was conducted by News 12 Networks and Newsday , which found that the majority (63 percent) of Long Islanders were in support of such a project. In 2016, the proposal was again renewed by New York Governor Andrew Cuomo , as either a bridge or a tunnel. However, these plans were also dropped, as announced by

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5952-441: The central municipality governing local services in a province with more than 750.000 residents in Turkey , like Istanbul and its metropolitan municipality, the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality . There are 30 officially defined "metropolitan municipalities" in Turkey. This classification, however, is only used for administrative purposes, and sometimes contradicts the colloquial use of the term "metro area". As an example, Gebze,

6048-554: The city is presumed to influence. A polycentric metropolitan area contains multiple urban agglomerations not connected by continuous development. In defining a metropolitan area, it is sufficient that a city or cities form a nucleus with which other areas have a high degree of integration. A metropolitan area is commonly known and characterized by a high concentration in service sector labor and enterprises. Macroeconomics views metropolitan areas as trade regions of economic significance. The Greater Johannesburg metropolitan area

6144-429: The city of Waterbury . Leaving Meriden, I-91 enters Middlesex County as it briefly travels through the western part of Middletown before entering Cromwell , where it has an interchange with the Route 9 expressway. It then enters Hartford County in the town of Rocky Hill and then enters Wethersfield, meeting the Route 3 expressway, which leads to Glastonbury and the Route 2 expressway via

6240-480: The country population, live within a metropolitan area. As of February 28, 2013, the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defined 1,098 statistical areas for the metropolitan areas of the United States and Puerto Rico . These 1,098 statistical areas comprise 929 Core-Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) and 169 Combined Statistical Areas (CSAs). The 929 Core-Based Statistical Areas are divided into 388 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs – 381 for

6336-436: The country. For urban centers outside metropolitan areas, that generate a similar attraction at smaller scale for their region, the concept of the Regiopolis and respectively regiopolitan area or region was introduced by German professors in 2006. In 2001 Italy transformed 14 provinces of some of the country's largest cities into Metropolitan Cities . Therefore, the territory of the Metropolitan City corresponds to that of

6432-424: The country. Currently, there are 10 metropolitan cities in Indonesia that have been recognized by the government. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Metropolitan_areas_of_Malaysia Pakistan has nine metropolitan areas with populations greater than a million. Five of these are entirely in Punjab including Lahore , Faisalabad , Gujranwala , Multan ; one ( Islamabad-Rawalpindi is split between Punjab and

6528-420: The eastern terminus of the Route 20 expressway, which provides direct access to Bradley International Airport . A couple of miles further north, I-91 crosses the Connecticut River on the Dexter Coffin Bridge into East Windsor . After traveling through East Windsor and Enfield , it crosses the state line, at milepost 58, into Longmeadow, Massachusetts . I-91 extends 55 miles (89 km) through

6624-1026: The functional extent of a city as it contains the majority of the commuting population. GCCSAs replaced "Statistical Divisions" used until 2011. Other metropolitan areas in Australia include cross border cities or continuous built-up areas between two or more cities that are connected by an extensive public transport network that allows for commuting for work or services. In Bangladesh , the large population centres which have significant financial, political and administrative importance are considered to be as Metropolitan cities, which are governed by City Corporations . In total, there are 12 city corporations in Bangladesh. 4 of them ( Dhaka North City Corporation , Dhaka South City Corporation , Narayanganj City Corporation , Gazipur City Corporation ) are part of Dhaka Metropolitan Area . In China , there used to be no clear distinction between megalopolis ( 城市群 , lit. city cluster) and metropolitan area ( 都市圈 ) until National Development and Reform Commission issued Guidelines on

6720-446: The interchange with Route 15 . The three cities also serve as Connecticut's control points along its length of the Interstate. I-91 begins just east of Downtown New Haven at an interchange with I-95 ( Connecticut Turnpike ). At the bottom of the ramp for exit 5, US 5 begins at the first of its many interchanges with the freeway. Leaving New Haven, I-91 follows a northeastward trek into North Haven , where it meets

6816-543: The late 1800s, they were the two wealthiest cities per capita in the United States. Both cities still feature Victorian architecture built during that period. During the mid-20th century, both Hartford and Springfield experienced a loss of manufacturing during economic restructuring. The growth of the highway system—in particular Interstate 91 —engendered white flight to the suburbs, where a disproportionate amount of both cities' wealthy citizens live, (e.g., in Longmeadow, Massachusetts and West Hartford, Connecticut ). During

6912-513: The name. The New Haven–Springfield Line and Connecticut River Line form the primary rail route through the region, and are sometimes themselves called the Knowledge Corridor in planning documents. The Hartford–Springfield region is New England 's second-most populous conurbation after Greater Boston , with approximately 1.9 million residents and 160,000 university students. The region also features "a dense concentration" of hospitals and over 29 universities and liberal arts colleges , including

7008-516: The northern end of its overlap with Route 2 where access to that road is provided via a directional T interchange and exit and entry ramps on the left side of southbound I-91. Exit 50 (old exit 28) in Bernardston is the last exit in Massachusetts. Beyond exit 50, I-91 continues for about five miles (8.0 km) more before crossing into Vermont. Massachusetts is the only state traversed by I-91 where another numbered highway

7104-603: The original path suggested, Riverdale Road, and, least obtrusive but still requiring a great deal of work, a plan to construct numerous walkways beneath the elevated highway to better integrate the neighborhoods with the waterfront despite the highway's presence. Between the 1950s and 1970s, officials proposed extending I-91 across the Long Island Sound from its current terminus at the I-91/ I-95 interchange in New Haven, Connecticut , to Wading River, New York , by means of

7200-403: The region "surrounding urban centers for the supply of immediate needs of the population". Intended for policy planning purposes, as of March 2021 census data is not tabulated on the level of these Areas, but instead at the municipality or state level. In Canada, a census metropolitan area (CMA) or census agglomeration (CA) consists of one or more neighboring municipalities centered around

7296-520: The river can also be easily accessed. Just after exit 19, there are three exits for St. Johnsbury, including a major intersection with US 2 . Along westbound US 2, the capital of Vermont, Montpelier , is eventually reached from I-91, although I-89 provides Montpelier with immediate Interstate access. I-91 continues northward, now following the Passumpsic River valley. It travels through Vermont's Northeast Kingdom region and

7392-413: The riverfront Basketball Hall of Fame, is separated from Metro Center by a 20-foot (6.1 m) stone wall, buttressing an elevated portion of the six-lane I-91 and greatly discouraging travel between the two areas. Academic suggestions that involve the demolition of the current highway and moving it to a less obtrusive site in the city have been proposed, including the demolition of the highway and following

7488-499: The road carries four lanes of traffic in each direction at some points. The major control cities in Vermont are Brattleboro, White River Junction , St. Johnsbury , and Newport . When entering northbound I-91 at exit 28 in Derby , the control city sign is for Canada. Of these destinations, only Newport is a city, although the other towns are sizable. In general, the road parallels its predecessor, US 5. I-91 enters Vermont in

7584-737: The road continues into Canada as Quebec Autoroute 55 . I-91 is the longest of three Interstate highways whose entire route is located within the New England states (the other two highways being I-89 and I-93 ) and is also the only primary (two-digit) Interstate Highway in New England to intersect all five of the other highways that run through the region. The largest cities along its route, from south to north, are New Haven, Connecticut ; Hartford, Connecticut ; Springfield, Massachusetts ; Northampton, Massachusetts ; Greenfield, Massachusetts ; Brattleboro, Vermont ; White River Junction, Vermont ; St. Johnsbury, Vermont ; and Newport, Vermont . I-91

7680-524: The road proceeds northward. The average daily traffic count for 2015 in Vermont were—St. Johnsbury (34,000), Lyndon (17,900), Barton (13,500), and Derby (Canada–United States border) (10,300). A limited-access highway replacement for US 5 was planned at the federal level starting in 1944. A 1953 Massachusetts plan was funded by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 , along with spur I-291 (but not I-391 ). The Vermont section of I-91

7776-603: The road, just north of milemarker 150 on Sheffield Heights, elevation 1,856 feet (566 m). After leaving Sheffield Heights, it enters Orleans County and follows the Barton River valley north with exits in Barton , Orleans , and Derby . Exit 29 is the final US exit on I-91 just after milemarker 177 at Derby Line. Beyond the exit ramp, northbound motorists enter Canada Customs at Stanstead, Quebec , and continue into Canada on Quebec Autoroute 55 through

7872-550: The settlement of Springfield—with dominating the corn and beaver pelt trade with the Natives, to the detriment of Hartford and the Connecticut Colony. The dispute, which Pynchon and Springfield lost in 1638, led to Springfield's annexing itself to Massachusetts instead of aligning with its more geographically and ideologically compatible neighbor, Connecticut . Only since the early 2000s have Hartford and Springfield –

7968-849: The sliver of land surrounding the Basketball Hall of Fame. In 2010, the Urban Land Institute made recommendations for how Springfield might reconnect with its riverfront, in order to revitalize the area through urban renewal , suggesting the most cost-effective but also the most development-limiting strategy (constructing pathways beneath I-91). No decision has been reached regarding those recommendations. As of 2011 , academic and civic studies are still underway. Preliminary findings indicate that I-91's placement negatively impacts tourism in Springfield's Metro Center—the site of many of Springfield's historic, cultural, and entertainment venues. Springfield's most popular tourist attraction,

8064-553: The southern end of the Route ;40 expressway. It travels through the eastern part of Wallingford before entering the eastern part of the city of Meriden . In Meriden, about halfway between Hartford and New Haven, I-91 sees a complex set of interchanges with the Wilbur Cross Parkway ( Route 15 ), the Route 66 expressway, and its first spur route, I-691 . I-691 provides a westward link to I-84 and

8160-469: The town of Lyndon . Two exits in Lyndon serve the village of Lyndonville and Lyndon State College . After exit 24, I-91 departs US 5, which it had been closely paralleling since the Massachusetts state line. I-91 follows the valley of Miller Run, and there are no convenient services until Barton at exit 25. The Interstate proceeds through Sheffield . Here, it reaches the highest point on

8256-706: The town of Guilford. Just before exit 1 in Brattleboro is the Vermont Welcome Center in Guilford. The first three Vermont exits (northbound) serve the town of Brattleboro. At exit 1, northbound US 5 provides access to stores and a small industrial area before reaching the south end of the town's center, where a bridge crosses the Connecticut River into Hinsdale, New Hampshire , via New Hampshire Route 119 (NH 119). Exit 2 ( Vermont Route 9 [VT 9]) provides access to

8352-606: The two great cities on the Connecticut River – started to collaborate closely, i.e. as the Knowledge Corridor Partnership. Both Hartford and Springfield were prosperous from the early 19th century through the 1960s as cultural, technological, and industrial centers. Hartford became the center of the United States' insurance industry, while Springfield became the United States' first epicenter of precision manufacturing, producing innovations like America's first gasoline-powered car, motorcycle, and commercial radio station, among many others. Both cities were especially wealthy – at one point in

8448-603: The two states, many exits along Vermont's length of I-91 feature New Hampshire towns on the guide signs (for example, exit 3, which lists Brattleboro and Keene, New Hampshire , as the points of access). The length of I-91 within Vermont is 177 miles (285 km) and has two lanes in each direction the entire way from the Massachusetts state line to the Canada–United States border (nearly two-thirds of I-91's length) with 29 Vermont interchanges. The highway's rural character and long distances between exits in Vermont are in stark contrast to its south, where exits are more frequent and

8544-400: The urban center by commuting. The Australian Bureau of Statistics uses Greater Capital City Statistical Areas (GCCSAs), which are geographical areas designed to represent the functional extent of each of the eight state and territory capital cities. They were designed to reflect labor markets, using the 2011 Census "travel to work" data. Labor markets are sometimes used as proxy measures of

8640-402: The western side of the river. Just after the river crossing, exit 11 (old exit 14) is a major interchange with the Massachusetts Turnpike (I-90). Then, I-91 enters the city of Holyoke where exit 12 (old exit 15) is located. Just after an interchange with US 202 , (exit 16) I-91 goes from three lanes to two lanes in each direction to the Vermont state line. After

8736-620: The western village of the town ( West Brattleboro ), then continues west to Marlboro , Wilmington , and Bennington . Brattleboro's main retail strip is located at and just south of the exit 3 trumpet interchange and traffic circle . Following VT 9 eastward, one can reach Keene, New Hampshire, in 15 miles (24 km). After exit 3, I-91 heads north to travel through the communities of Dummerston , Putney , Westminster , North Westminster , Bellows Falls , Springfield , Weathersfield , Windsor , Hartland , North Hartland and White River Junction. White River Junction, listed as

8832-480: Was built in stages from 1958 to 1965. In Massachusetts from Bernardston to Northampton , I-91 follows an abandoned right-of-way of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad . To support plans for urban renewal along the "low value" waterfront, the highway crossed the Connecticut River to parallel active New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad tracks on the Springfield side of the river, bypassing West Springfield and Agawam , Massachusetts. Later, this path

8928-515: Was closed, creating a 90-mile (140 km) gap in on-highway facilities. At the present time, there exist two intermediate rest areas with facilities in each direction, in addition to a welcome center at each end of the state. Several parking areas remain open. In the early 1990s after the I-284 project was canceled, the exit 44 interchange in East Windsor, Connecticut , was altered as it

9024-609: Was defined differently than the AAV, has now been discarded by INSEE and replaced with the AAV in order to facilitate international comparisons. Metropolitan regions in Germany by definition, are the eleven urban areas that are the most densely populated areas in the Federal Republic of Germany . They comprise the major German cities and their surrounding catchment areas and form the political, commercial and cultural centers of

9120-579: Was designed to be part of the freeway. After alterations, exit 44 connected to US 5 for all traffic to get on and off. As a result, exit 43 was shut down and closed in that same time frame. Exit 43 was a northbound exit/southbound entrance on Route 510 /Main Street in East Windsor, which was about 1,050 feet (320 m) away from exit 44. After the September 11 attacks ,

9216-413: Was perceived as cutting off the city from the river, restricting further commercial development. By 1960, a few miles in Massachusetts were completed, starting from the Connecticut and Vermont state lines. Massachusetts construction was completed from 1960s to 1970. In the 1950s–1970s, there were plans to extend I-91 to Wading River, New York , from its existing terminus in New Haven, Connecticut , via

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