Misplaced Pages

#59940

66-416: The following airlines offer scheduled passenger service: This article about an Indonesian airport is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This East Java location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . East Java East Java ( Indonesian : Jawa Timur , Javanese : ꦙꦮꦶꦮꦺꦠꦤ꧀ , romanized:  Jawi Wétan , Madurese : Jhâbâ Tèmor )

132-469: A commuter train transportation system with Bojonegoro -Surabaya- Sidoarjo , Surabaya-Sidoarjo-Porong, Surabaya-Lamongan, Surabaya-Mojokerto, Surabaya-Malang, and Jember-Banyuwangi routes. Ijen The Ijen volcano complex is a group of composite volcanoes located on the border between Banyuwangi Regency and Bondowoso Regency of East Java , Indonesia . It is known for its blue fire, acidic crater lake, and labour-intensive sulfur mining. It

198-1314: A high economic significance, which contributes over 15% to the Gross Domestic Product of Indonesia. East Java has a number of large industries, including the largest shipbuilding shipyard in Indonesia, PT PAL in Surabaya , military industrial by Pindad in Southern Malang , largest railway industry in Southeast Asia, Industri Kereta Api (INKA) in Madiun , PT Tjiwi Kimia, a paper mill company based in Sidoarjo , Kertas Leces based in Probolinggo ); cigarette factories ( Wismilak in Surabaya, Gudang Garam in Kediri , Sampoerna in Surabaya and Bentoel in Malang). In Gresik there are Semen Gresik , and Petrokimia Gresik . In Tuban there are

264-407: A network of ceramic pipes, resulting in condensation of molten sulfur. The sulfur, which is deep red when molten, pours slowly from the ends of these pipes and pools on the ground, turning bright yellow as it cools. The miners break the cooled material into large pieces and carry it away in baskets. Miners carry loads ranging from 75 to 90 kilograms (165 to 198 lb) up 300 metres (980 ft) to

330-567: A rich variety of products from the Moluccas. At the end of the 16th century, Islam had surpassed Hinduism and Buddhism as the dominant religion in Java. At first, the spread of Islam was very rapid and was accepted by ordinary people, until the da'wah entered and it was carried out by the rulers of the island. The relationship between the Javanese and European colonial powers began in 1522, with

396-466: A significant detrimental effect on the downstream river ecosystem. During a scientific expedition in 2001, the pH of the lake was measured at <0.3. On July 14–15, 2008, explorer George Kourounis took a small rubber boat out onto the acid lake to measure its acidity. The pH of the water at the lake's edges was measured to be 0.5 and in the middle of the lake 0.13 due to a high concentration of sulfuric acid . Since National Geographic mentioned

462-530: Is a province of Indonesia located in the easternmost third of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean border its northern and southern coasts, respectively, while the narrow Bali Strait to the east separates Java from Bali by around 2.29 kilometres (1.42 mi). Located in eastern Java , the province also includes

528-580: Is a similar dialect to the one spoken in Central Java , with its hierarchy of high, medium, and low registers. In the eastern part, such as Surabaya, Malang, and others, a more egalitarian version of Javanese is spoken, with less regard of hierarchy and a richer vocabulary for vulgarity. The dialect is notable for its roughness compared to other dialects spoken elsewhere in Java (especially the Mataram dialect spoken around Surakarta and Yogyakarta , which

594-534: Is centered in 30 villages in the isolated Tengger mountains. When Islamic sultanates started ruling Java, cities in the northern coast started developing, becoming thriving ports. One of them was the town of Tuban , which was a wealthy and important port with many Chinese settlers. Being a port of the Majapahit and the point of departure for the Moluccas , it exported an abundant supply of foodstuffs and imported

660-517: Is inside an eponymous larger caldera Ijen, which is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) wide. The Gunung Merapi stratovolcano is the highest point of that complex. The name "Gunung Merapi" means 'mountain of fire' in the Indonesian language; Mount Merapi in central Java and Marapi in Sumatra have the same etymology. Ijen Geopark stretches across the entire regency which is specifically in

726-670: Is refined in Bojonegoro . The power plant in East Java is managed by PT Pembangkit Jawa Bali (PJB), which includes hydroelectricity power plant (Ir. Sutami, Selorejo, Bening), thermal power station in Paiton, Probolinggo Regency ; which provides electricity to the Java-Bali system. Some regions develop micro hydro power plants , and solar energy . East Java is crossed by several national roads as primary arterial roads, including

SECTION 10

#1732801990060

792-561: Is renowned for its smoothness) and contributes to the stereotype among Javanese people of East Javanese being "blunt" and "loud". Variants of Javanese are also used by Osing and Tengger minorities, the former utilizing a Balinese -influenced Javanese by virtue of its closeness with Bali island, and the latter speaking an archaic form of the language that retains many features now lost in other more-innovative Javanese dialects. Other than Javanese, minority language includes Madurese , spoken by around 4 million ethnic Madurese people inhabiting

858-663: Is the largest island in East Java, separated from the mainland Java by the Strait of Madura . Bawean Island is located about 150 km north of Java. In the east of Madura there are clusters of islands, the easternmost are the Kangean Islands and the northernmost are the Masalembu Islands . Off the south coast of Java there are two small islands namely Nusa Barong and Sempu Island . In physiographic of geology, East Java Province can be grouped into three zones:

924-403: Is the largest regency in East Java and the largest on the island of Java. The province covers an area of 48,036.84 square kilometres (18,547.13 sq mi), and according to the 2010 Census , there were 37,476,757 people residing there, making it Indonesia 's second-most-populous province; the 2020 Census showed an increase to 40,665,696 people, while the official estimate for mid 2023

990-408: Is used for irrigation, fish farming and tourism. East Java has a tropical monsoon and savanna climate at lower elevation and subtropical at higher elevation . Compared with the western part of Java Island, East Java in general has less rainfall. Average rainfall is 1,900 mm per year, with a rainy season during the 100 days. The average temperature ranges between 19–34 °C. Temperatures in

1056-890: The Ijen volcano in Banyuwangi , Baluran National Park in Situbondo , and Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park in Malang , Pasuruan , Lumajang , and Probolinggo . East Java has been inhabited by humans since prehistoric times. This was proven by the discovery of fossils remains of the Pithecanthropus mojokertensis in Kepuhlagen, Mojokerto ; Pithecanthropus erectus on Trinil , Ngawi ; and Homo wajakensis in Wajak, Tulungagung . The Dinoyo inscriptions found near

1122-653: The Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies , there was persistent resistance against the Japanese rule. In Blitar , an uprising by Pembela Tanah Air (PETA) led by Supriyadi , Moeradi, Halir Mangkudijoyo, and Soemarto occurred in early 1945, but it was crushed by the Japanese. Two weeks after the proclamation of independence , Surabaya established its own government under, Raden Sudirman . The formation of government in Surabaya caused disputes between

1188-595: The Madura Islands ; though they live practically next door with the Javanese, the language is actually more closer genetically to Balinese, and Sundanese . A long time ago, Hinduism and Buddhism dominated the island until Islam gradually supplanted Hinduism in the 14th and 15th century . The last nobles and people of the fallen Majapahit fled to Bali . Islam spread from northern cities in Java where many Muslim traders from Gujarat , India stopped by. The eastern part of East Java, from Surabaya to Pasuruan, and

1254-670: The Tengger people in the Mount Bromo region, and the Samin and the Osing people in Banyuwangi . East Java also hosts a significant population of foreign ethnic groups, such as Chinese , Indians, and Arabs. Besides the national language ( Indonesian ), the people of East Java predominantly use the Javanese in daily life. Javanese as spoken in the western part of East Java ( Kulonan )

1320-602: The Tenggerese people in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park and the Balinese people inhabiting the easternmost part of the province bordering Bali as well as the dominant minority Indian Indonesians in Surabaya city. The Indonesian language is the official language of the province as well as the whole nation , but Javanese and Madurese are most frequently used, especially

1386-399: The colonial era of the Dutch East Indies . The railway line in East Java consists of the northern line ( Surabaya Pasar Turi - Semarang - Cirebon - Jakarta ), the middle lane ( Surabaya Gubeng - Yogyakarta - Bandung -Jakarta), the southern ring railway line (Surabaya Gubeng- Malang - Blitar -Kertosono-Surabaya), and east line (Surabaya Gubeng-Probolinggo- Jember - Ketapang ). East Java also has

SECTION 20

#1732801990060

1452-457: The electric-blue flame of Ijen, tourist numbers have increased. The phenomenon has long been known, but midnight hiking tours are a more recent offering. A two-hour hike is required to reach the rim of the crater, followed by a 45-minute hike down to the bank of the crater. The blue fire is ignited sulfuric gas, which emerges from cracks at temperatures up to 600 °C (1,112 °F). The flames can be up to five meters (16 feet) high; some of

1518-642: The 11th century, the North coast of Java had been frequented by Arab traders from the Middle East. In addition, several Islamic tombs were discovered in Trowulan , located in what is now part of the Mojokerto Regency , near the site of the former Majapahit palace. In the 15th century, a Chinese Hui voyager named Ma Huan visited East Java. He then wrote the book Yingya Shenglan , which tells

1584-430: The 13th until the 15th century. In 1227, Anusapati killed Ken Arok, and later became king of Singhasari. Anusapati's power only lasted 20 years, before he was killed by Tohjaya. Three years later, Tohjaya was killed in an uprising led by Jaya Wisnuwardhana, son of Anusapati. In 1268, Wisnuwardhana died, and he was succeeded by Kertanegara (1268–1292). In 1292 Kertanegara was defeated by a rebel named Jayakatwang, ending

1650-845: The 18th century, the Dutch had succeeded in expanding their influence on the Islamic sultanates in the interior of the island of Java. At the onset of the Napoleonic Wars , the British conquered Java in 1811. Java briefly became part of the British Empire , with Sir Stamford Raffles as its Governor-General. In 1814, Britain returned Java to the Netherlands as stipulated in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 . During

1716-486: The 2000 population of Batu City is included in the total for Malang Regency, from which it was separated on 21 June 2001. The province comprises eleven of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to the People's Representative Council . The province's 87 elected members are comprised as follows: According to the 2000 census , East Java had 34,765,993 people, which increased to 37,476,757 people at

1782-513: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Censuses, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023, are listed below, grouped geographically into five (unofficial) sub-regions entirely for convenience of access. The sub-regions have no official status. These regencies and cities are divided as at 2023 into 666 districts ( kecamatan ) which are in turn composed of 8,494 administrative villages (rural desa and urban kelurahan ): (km ) 2000 Census 2010 Census 2020 Census mid 2023 Estimate Note: (a)

1848-408: The 2010 Census, and to 40,665,595 at the 2020 Census, making it the second most populous Indonesian province after West Java . The official estimate as at mid 2023 was 41,527,930. Akin to Central Java , the region's birth rates are not necessarily any lower than the rest of Java, however due to net population outflows, especially in times of calamity, not limited to volcanic eruptions or droughts,

1914-593: The Madura Strait. Solo River has headwaters on the slopes of Mount Lawu which lies on the border of East Java and Central Java, and flows through a portion of the eastern part of Central Java and East Java, which eventually empties in Gresik. Brantas River and Bengawan Solo are managed by Perum Jasa Tirta I. On the slopes of Mount Lawu near the border with Central Java are Sarangan, a natural lake. The main dam in East Java, among others Ir. Sutami and Selorejo Dam, which

1980-615: The Majapahit Empire went into decline in the late 1300s, Islam moved to fill the vacuum. The precise date when Islam entered Java remains unclear. This is due to the absence of a definite source regarding the arrival of Islam in Java. However, according to some experts , it is estimated that Islam entered Java around the 11th century, with the tomb of Fatimah Binti Maimun in the village of Leran in Gresik Regency which dates from 475 AH (1085 AD). The tomb also shows that by

2046-637: The Mojokerto Regency, Jabon Industrial Zone in Sidoarjo Regency, and Lamongan Integrated Shorebase (LIS) in Lamongan Regency . Small industrial centers are spread throughout the districts / cities, and some of them have penetrated exports; The leather craft industry in the form of bags and shoes at Tanggulangin, Sidoarjo is one of the very famous small industries . The Cepu Block, one of the largest oil producers in Indonesia,

Bawean Airport - Misplaced Pages Continue

2112-547: The Mount Ijen area, Pulau Merah Beach, and Alas Purwo National Park. It has various geological, biological, and cultural sites. It became part of UNESCO Global Geoparks in 2023. West of Gunung Merapi is the Ijen volcano, which has a one-kilometre-wide (0.62 mi) turquoise-coloured acidic crater lake . The lake is the site of a labour-intensive sulfur mining operation, in which sulfur-laden baskets are carried by hand from

2178-581: The Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty to the United States of Indonesia , the Dutch withdrew its troops from East Java. East Java changed its status from a province into a state. However, on 25 February 1950, this was dissolved and became part of the territory of the Republic of Indonesia . The State of Madura also decided to join Indonesia. Along with rapid growth of urbanization in East Java,

2244-758: The Probolinggo-Banyuwangi Toll Road will be realized, which is the final segment of the Trans Java Toll Road , the Krian-Legundi-Bunder-Manyar Toll Road that connects the industrial estates in the city of Surabaya; Sidoarjo Regency ; and Gresik Regency , as well as plans for the Gresik-Tuban Toll Road that connects East Java with cities on the northern coast of Java. The railway system in East Java has been built since

2310-738: The Singhasari. In 1293, Kublai Khan , founder of the Yuan dynasty , sent a large invasion fleet to Java with 20,000 to 30,000 soldiers, beginning the Mongol invasion of Java . This was a punitive expedition against King Kertanegara of Singhasari, who had refused to pay tribute to the Yuan and maimed one of its ministers. However, it ended with failure for the Mongols . In 1294, the Kingdom of Majapahit

2376-472: The Surabaya dialect ( Javanese : Suroboyoan or Surabayaan — the Javanese dialect of Surabaya ) used mainly in the capital Surabaya . Indonesian is only used for inter-ethnic communication and official purposes. East Java offers different types of tourist attractions. There are a variety of natural attractions, including mountains, beaches, caves, and waterfalls. Almost every regency or city in East Java has its own unique tourist destinations, such as

2442-534: The border with Central Java is Mount Lawu (3,265 metres). Southeast from Madiun is Mount Wilis (2,169 metres), and Mount Liman (2,563 metres). In the middle of the corridor lies the Anjasmoro mountains with peaks Mount Arjuno (3,339 metres), Mount Welirang (3,156 metres), Mount Anjasmoro (2,277 metres), Mount Kawi (2,551 metres), and Mount Kelud (1,731 metres); The mountains are located in most Kediri, Blitar, Malang, Pasuruan, Mojokerto and Jombang. The group has

2508-469: The cities along the coast, and back to Banyuwangi to Jember, are known as the eastern salient , or " Kawasan Tapal Kuda " (the Horseshoe Region). A remnant of Hindu tradition and syncretic abangan exists because of Islamic and Hinduism acculturation in Java. East Java GDP share by sector (2022) East Java is known as the hub and center economy of Central and Eastern Indonesia , and has

2574-743: The city of Malang are the oldest written sources in East Java, dating from 760 CE. It tells of many political and cultural events in the Kingdom of Kanjuruhan. The name Malang is thought to come from the name of a sacred building called Malangkuseswara. This name is contained in the Mantyasih inscription written in 907 CE. In 1222, Ken Arok founded the Kingdom of Singhasari , which he ruled until 1292. Before coming to power, Ken Arok seized power in Tumapel ( Kediri ) from Tungul Ametung. Ken Arok's descendants became kings of Singhasari and Majapahit from

2640-449: The crater floor. The work is paid well considering the cost of living in the area, but is very onerous. Workers earn around US$ 13 per day and, once out of the crater, still need to carry their loads of sulfur chunks about three kilometers to the nearby Paltuding Valley to get paid. Many other post-caldera cones and craters are located within the caldera or along its rim. The largest concentration of post-caldera cones runs east–west across

2706-401: The crater rim, with a gradient of 45 to 60 degrees, and then 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) down the mountain for weighing. Most miners make this journey twice a day. A nearby sulfur refinery pays the miners by the weight of sulfur transported; as of September 2010, the typical daily earnings were equivalent to approximately $ 13 US. The miners often receive insufficient protection while working around

Bawean Airport - Misplaced Pages Continue

2772-453: The desire of king Hayam Wuruk to take a Sundanese princess. Dyah Pitaloka as queen. However, because of a misunderstanding about the procedure of marriage, leading to a battle in Bubat. Majapahit troops, under the command of Gajah Mada capturud Pajajaran . In 1389, Hayam Wuruk died, and was succeeded by Wikramawardhana . This resulted in the beginning of the decline of the Majapahit Empire. As

2838-429: The exile of many Majapahit aristocrats to the neighbouring island of Bali . Those who remained in Java were forced to convert to Islam, while a small pocket of isolated people living in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park spread around Pasuruan , Probolinggo , Malang , and Lumajang Regencies remains adhered to Hinduism to this day. They are known as the Tenggerese people . Their population of roughly 100,000

2904-463: The gas condenses to liquid and is still ignited. Ijen is the largest blue flame area in the world. Local people refer to it as Api Biru (Blue Fire). The other location at which blue fire can be seen is in Dallol Mountain, Ethiopia . An active vent at the edge of the lake is a source of elemental sulfur and supports a mining operation. Escaping volcanic gases are channeled through

2970-493: The governments could not satisfy the population's needs for affordable housing, which led to the building of shanty towns along the rivers and rail tracks. Today, the shanty towns still exist; although some have been transformed into "better" housing. East Java has twice hosted the Indonesian National Games ( Indonesian : Pekan Olahraga Nasional ) (PON), the 7th (1969) and 15th PONs (2000), and became

3036-586: The governor, Suryo, on the advice of People's Security Army (TKR), to move the seat of the government to Mojokerto . A week later, the government retreated again to a more secure location in Kediri. However, security situation Kediri worsen until finally, in February 1947, the East Java provincial government fled to Malang. While the administration was based in Malang, Governor Soerjo was replaced by R.P. Suroso, who

3102-584: The island of Madura (which is connected to Java by the longest bridge in Indonesia, the Suramadu Bridge ), as well as the Kangean islands and other smaller island groups located further east (in the northern Bali Sea ) and the Masalembu archipelago to the north. Its capital is Surabaya , the second largest city in Indonesia , a major industrial center and also a major business center. Banyuwangi

3168-613: The largest cement factories in Indonesia, namely Semen Indonesia (ex-Semen Gresik), and Semen Holcim and the Petrochemical Refinery Area. The government has established 12 industrial estate companies, including Surabaya Industrial Estate Rungkut (SIER) in Surabaya, Pasuruan Industrial Estate Rembang (PIER) in Pasuruan Regency, Madiun Industrial Estate Balerejo (MIEB) in Madiun, Ngoro Industrial Park (NIP) in

3234-484: The lower mountain areas, and even in areas Ranu Pani (slopes of Mount Semeru), temperatures can reach –4 °C, causing a frost and fall of light snow. East Java is divided into 29 kabupaten (or regencies), and 9 kotamadya (or cities). This division has remained unchanged since the creation of the province, except for the creation of the new city of Batu on 21 June 2001 (by separation from Malang Regency). These regencies and cities with their areas and populations at

3300-484: The northern coastal national road or locally known as pantura road ( Anyer - Jakarta - Surabaya - Banyuwangi ), and inland national roads (Jakarta- Bandung - Yogyakarta -Surabaya). The expressway network in East Java covers the Surabaya-Gempol Toll Road ; Gempol-Pandaan ; Pandaan-Malang ; Gempol-Pasuruan ; and Pasuruan-Probolinggo which connects the northern and middle East Java regions with

3366-416: The overall champions in 2000 and 2008. East Java province borders the Java Sea in the north, the Strait of Bali in the east, and the Indian Ocean in the south, as well as the Central Java province in the west. The length of the east–west stretch of about 400 km. The width of the stretch of the north–south in the west about 200 km, but in the eastern part of narrower by about 60 km. Madura

SECTION 50

#1732801990060

3432-424: The peak of Mount Bromo Tengger (2,329 metres), and Mount Semeru (3,676 metres). Mount Semeru , which is also called Mahameru is the highest mountain in the island of Java. In the easternmost part if the province, there are two groups of mountains: the Iyang mountains with the peak Mount Argopuro (3,088 metres), the Ijen mountains with the peak Mount Raung (3344 metres) In the south there is a series of hills, that of

3498-464: The region has varying rates of population growth that are generally lower than national average. Ethnic Javanese dominate the Java mainland as well as the total population of the province overall, while ethnic Madurese inhabit Madura and the Kangean and Masalembu archipelagos, though centuries of migrations have led the Java mainland to have a larger proportion of Madurese people than Madura itself. Minorities include distinct Javanese ethnicities such as

3564-463: The republican forces and Japanese troops, resulting in various skirmishes across the city. This was because when the Japanese surrendered, they were obliged to remain in power until the allied forces arrived. The arrival of allied forces in Surabaya created tensions with the newly established government of Indonesia, reaching peak on 10 November 1945 where a major battle between the Surabayan residents led by Sutomo and allied forces. The battle forced

3630-408: The signing of a treaty between the Sunda Kingdom and the Portuguese Empire in Malacca . After the failure of the treaty, the Portuguese presence was then limited to Malacca in the Malay Peninsula and the Maluku Islands . An expedition under the leadership of the Dutch explorer Cornelis de Houtman consisting of four ships in 1596 became the beginning of Dutch presence in the island. At the end of

3696-562: The south coast of Pacitan, Trenggalek, Tulungagung, Blitar, Malang. the Kapur Selatan mountains is a continuation of a series of the Sewu mountains in Yogyakarta. Two of the most important rivers in East Java is the Brantas River (290 kilometres), and the Solo River (548 kilometers). Brantas River has headwaters on the slopes Mount Arjuno near Batu, and flows through most areas in East Java, like Malang, Blitar, Tulungagung, Kediri, Jombang and Mojokerto. In Mojokerto, Brantas River split into two: Kali Mas , and Porong; both empties into

3762-411: The southern and eastern salient ( tapal kuda ) , the Surabaya-Gresik Toll Road that connects the middle and southern East Java to the north, and the Surabaya-Mojokerto Toll Road ; Mojokerto-Kertosono ; Ngawi-Kertosono; and Solo-Ngawi which connects East Java with Central Java. Suramadu Bridge that crosses the Madura Strait connects Surabaya and Madura Island . In the near future, the construction of

3828-474: The southern side of the caldera. The active crater at Kawah Ijen has a diameter of 722 metres (2,369 ft) and a surface area of 0.41 square kilometres (0.16 sq mi). It is 200 metres (660 ft) deep and has a volume of 36 cubic hectometres (29,000 acre⋅ft). The lake is recognised as the largest highly acidic crater lake in the world. It is also a source for the river Banyupahit, resulting in highly acidic and metal-enriched river water which has

3894-418: The southern zone (plato), the middle zone (volcanic), and the northern zone (folds). Lowlands and highlands in the middle (of Ngawi, Blitar, Malang, to Bondowoso) has a fairly fertile soil. In the northern part ( Bojonegoro, Tuban, Gresik, to Madura Island) lies the Kapur Utara mountains and the Kendeng mountains which are relatively barren. In the middle of the province stretch mountain ranges and volcanoes: On

3960-452: The story of the countries he visited over the course of the Ming treasure voyages . He mentioned that at that time, there were three different peoples inhabiting Eastern Java: Arabs from the Middle East, the ancestor of the modern Arab Indonesians ; Chinese Muslims originating from modern-day Guangdong province, and the native Javanese people . By the 16th century, the Majapahit Empire was defeated by Islamic kingdoms in Java, resulting in

4026-430: The territory controlled by the East Java provincial government. The Netherlands then turned the areas under its control into new federal states, the State of Madura and the State of East Java . Amid the difficulties faced by the government of Indonesia, a left-wing opposition group, Front Demokrasi Rakyat (FDR, People's Democratic Front) launched rebellion in Madiun on 18 September 1948. However, eventually this revolt

SECTION 60

#1732801990060

4092-537: The volcano and complain of numerous respiratory afflictions. There are 200 miners, who extract 14 tons per day — about 20% of the continuous daily deposit. Ijen and its sulfur mining was featured in the 1991 IMAX film Ring of Fire , and as a topic on the 5th episode of the BBC television documentary Human Planet . In the documentary film War Photographer , journalist James Nachtwey visits Ijen and struggles with noxious fumes while trying to photograph workers. Michael Glawogger 's film Workingman's Death

4158-600: Was 41,527,930 (comprising 20,711,680 males and 20,816,260 females). Almost a quarter of the population lives inside greater Surabaya metropolitan area. East Java is inhabited by many different ethnic groups, such as the Javanese , Madurese and Chinese . Most of the people in East Java adheres to Islam , forming around 94% of the total population. Other religions are also practiced, such as Christianity , Buddhism and Confucianism which are mostly practised by Tionghoa people and immigrants from Eastern Indonesia and North Sumatra , and also Hinduism which are practised by

4224-434: Was defeated by the Indonesian Army . On 19 December 1948, the Dutch launched Operation Kraai . Blitar, the seat of the East Java provincial government was attacked by the Dutch. Governor Moerdjani and his staff were forced to flee and joined the guerrillas on the slopes of Mount Wilis . Operation Kraai ended after the Roem–Van Roijen Agreement on 7 May 1949. Following the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference , at which

4290-427: Was founded by Raden Wijaya . The Majapahit reached its peak during the reign of Hayam Wuruk . He was accompanied by the Mahapatih Gajah Mada . Together they managed to unite the archipelago under the name Dwipantara. Majapahit developed to become one of the strongest empires in Southeast Asia. In 1357, the Battle of Bubat occurred, starting a war between the Sunda Kingdom and the Majapahit. The event stemei from

4356-439: Was in turn replaced again by Dr. Moerdjani. On 21 July 1947, although still bound by the Linggadjati Agreement , a ceasefire agreement in effect since 14 October 1946, the Dutch commenced a military action, Operation Product , which led to deteriorating security conditions in Malang. The East Java provincial government moved again to Blitar. This military action ended after the Renville Agreement . However, this agreement reduced

#59940