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105-768: Harvard Kennedy School ( HKS ), officially the John F. Kennedy School of Government , is the school of public policy and government of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts . The school has routinely ranked as the best, or among the best, of the world's public policy graduate schools. Harvard Kennedy School offers master's degrees in public policy , public administration , and international development , four doctoral degrees , and various executive education programs. It conducts research in subjects relating to politics , government , international affairs , and economics . As of 2021, HKS had an endowment of $ 1.7 billion. It

210-479: A Master of Nonprofit Organizations or a Master of Public Administration in Nonprofit Management. In the field of criminology and the sociology of law, some offer bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in criminology, law and society, administration of justice, legal studies, and criminal justice. Some schools also offer Executive master's degrees in the same topics for mid-career individuals and

315-608: A Master of Professional Studies degree to signify that the education takes an applied rather than theoretical approach. Other universities teach urban planning and confer professional degrees such as the Master of Urban Planning (M.U.P.), Master of City Planning (M.C.P.), Master of Regional Planning (M.R.P.), Master of Urban and Regional Planning (M.U.R.P.) to qualify students and alumni to work as urban planners . Doctoral degrees include PhDs in public policy, policy studies and public administration, or in political science with

420-642: A construction foreman who was killed by a crane collapse during construction in May 1982, was dedicated in October 1985. The One Brattle Square shopping complex, opened in 1992, was constructed partially on air rights over the south end of the bus tunnel. Harvard Square was planned to be the terminus of a spur of the Urban Ring Project , a circumferential bus rapid transit line. Under draft plans released in 2008, northbound buses would have crossed

525-502: A $ 500 million fundraising campaign, $ 120 million of which was to be used to significantly expand the Harvard Kennedy School campus, adding 91,000 square feet of space including six new classrooms, a new kitchen, and dining facility, offices and meeting spaces, a new student lounge and study space, more collaboration and active learning spaces, and a redesigned central courtyard. Groundbreaking commenced on May 7, 2015, and

630-604: A complex structure located largely under triangular Harvard Square, from which Massachusetts Avenue runs to the north and east and Brattle Street to the southwest, and under the surrounding streets. The main lobby is located under the square itself, and approximately matches its triangular shape. The glass-and-steel main headhouse is located in a sunken concrete plaza at the south end of the square. The plaza, locally known as "the Pit", plays host to homeless people, street artists, skateboarders, and activists. Passengers descend eastward from

735-534: A concentration in any of the aforementioned sub-fields, as well as the Doctor of Public Administration (DPA). Some schools offer relatively short-duration certificate programs aimed at working policy analysts, government managers, public executives, or any other working professional who needs this education regardless of employment sector. In North America , students typically pursue a graduate public policy degree after having completed an undergraduate degree, either in

840-468: A degree in political science or international relations still exist, especially at research universities and professional schools where research, graduate, and undergraduate faculty overlap and/or have close cooperation unlike liberal arts colleges (particularly liberal arts colleges in the United States ) that focus on the more theoretical and philosophical sides of political science rather than

945-572: A dual degree with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva . Harvard Kennedy School maintains six academic divisions each headed by a faculty chair. In addition to offerings in the Harvard Kennedy School course listing, students are eligible to cross-register for courses at the other graduate and professional schools at Harvard and at MIT Sloan School of Management , Fletcher School at Tufts University , and

1050-421: A gate near the west end of the bridge. This was done until April 25, 1952, when the new maintenance facility at Orient Heights eliminated the need for the transfer. Beginning in 1956, Ashmont–Mattapan Line streetcars were towed to Eliot Shops behind Cambridge–Dorchester line trains after the abandonment of surface lines severed the connection to Arborway Yard . This continued until a maintenance facility

1155-470: A larger university, while at others combine both graduate and undergraduate programs into a single semi-autonomous constituent college . While degrees in Public Policy and Public Administration at most universities are generally taught at the graduate level (master's and PhD), some undergraduate degree program majors, concentrations, and minors either as standalone degrees or as concentrations within

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1260-484: A leading global human rights organizations, to join it as a senior fellow. The Kennedy School eventually rescinded the invitation to Roth because Human Rights Watch's 2021 investigation of Israel 's treatment of Palestinians concluded that it met the threshold for the " crime of apartheid ". After condemnation by faculty, students, the American Civil Liberties Union and others, the dean of

1365-471: A letter condemning the university for awarding the fellowship. An investigative report in 2021 by student group Fossil Fuel Divest Harvard found that many of the centers' climate initiatives were funded in part by fossil fuel companies, and that some of the centers had allegedly taken several steps to cover up that fact. The Kennedy School's Carr Center for Human Rights Policy in 2022 invited Kenneth Roth , former executive director of Human Rights Watch ,

1470-515: A more political science and leadership based approach. The Indiana University School of Public and Environmental Affairs provides traditional public policy training with multidisciplinary concentrations available in the environmental sciences and nonprofit management. Moreover, the University of Illinois at Chicago offers public policy training that emphasizes the stages of decision-making in formulating policy (e.g. agenda setting ), as well as

1575-509: A one-story, 40-by-60-foot (12 m × 18 m) oval-shaped brick and stone entrance/exit structure was constructed instead. Like the rest of the Cambridge Subway, it was designed by a committee of architects led by Robert Peabody . Additional entrances were located on the south side of Massachusetts Avenue east of Holyoke Street, and inside a BERy waiting room on the south face of the square. Secondary exits were located on

1680-441: A public administration or political science field. Some programs admit students with any undergraduate degree; however, students without a background in public administration or political science may be required to do qualifying courses in these areas. Some universities allow students to complete both degrees concurrently. North American public policy programs are generally located in an autonomous graduate or professional school within

1785-537: A steam tunnel to Harvard Yard and used excess steam to heat the new library and other buildings. The power station was largely unused by the time it was sold to the university in 1929. Harvard demolished the structure in 1930 in favor of purchasing steam from a Cambridge Electric Light Company plant. Eliot House opened on the site in 1931. In April 1924, the BERy converted the East Boston Tunnel (later

1890-600: A stop on Eliot Street at Bennett Street. Horse-drawn omnibus service between Harvard Square in Cambridge and downtown Boston began in 1826. The hourly service soon increased to ten-minute headways to meet demand. In late 1849, the Fitchburg Railroad opened the Harvard Branch Railroad , with a Harvard Square station near where Austin Hall is now located. With only six daily round trips,

1995-402: A strong emphasis on economics and quantitative analysis . Members of the mid-career MPA class also include Mason Fellows, who are public and private executives from developing countries. Mason Fellows typically constitute about 50 percent of the incoming class of Mid-Career MPA candidates. The Mason cohort is the most diverse at Harvard in terms of nationalities and ethnicities represented. It

2100-412: A university's public administration or political science faculties whether it be part of a public policy school or a college of arts and sciences . Well known Master's degrees within this academic field include the Master of Public Policy (MPP), the Master of Public Administration (MPA), the Master of Public Affairs (MPAff), the Master of Public Service (MPS), the Master of Urban Planning (MUP),

2205-459: A wide range of public policy degrees . At the undergraduate level, universities, especially research-intensive universities may offer a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science degree with majors or concentrations in public policy, public administration, political science, international relations, policy studies or any other differently named but content-wise identical major or concentration. These undergraduate degrees are typically offered by

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2310-603: Is a member of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA), a global consortium of schools that trains leaders in international affairs. The primary campus of Harvard Kennedy School is on John F. Kennedy Street in Cambridge. The main buildings overlook the Charles River and are southwest of Harvard Yard and Harvard Square , on the site of a former MBTA Red Line trainyard. The School

2415-619: Is adjacent to the public riverfront John F. Kennedy Memorial Park. Harvard Kennedy School alumni include 21 heads of state or government from around the world. Alumni also include cabinet officials, military leaders, heads of central banks , and legislators . Harvard Kennedy School was founded as the Harvard Graduate School of Public Administration in 1936 with a $ 2 million gift (equivalent to roughly $ 43 million as of 2023) from Lucius Littauer , an 1878 Harvard College alumnus, businessman, former U.S. Congressman, and

2520-450: Is known for spearheading the "One Harvard" movement, which aims to bring all of Harvard's graduate schools together through closer collaboration and social interaction. Harvard Kennedy School is home to 14 centers, including: The majority of centers offer research and academic fellowships through which fellows can engage in research projects, lead study groups into specific topics and share their experiences with industry and government with

2625-431: Is located inside Flagstaff Park near the south end of Cambridge Common , with an incline to the intersection of Massachusetts Avenue and Cambridge Street. Bennett Alley, a private alley south of Mount Auburn Street, is used for layovers and for northbound buses to access the tunnel from Bennett Street. The platform is located on the left side for southbound buses (all of which terminate at Harvard). Because buses using

2730-486: Is named after Edward Sagendorph Mason , the former Harvard professor who, from 1947 to 1958, was dean of Harvard's Graduate School of Public Administration, now known as Harvard Kennedy School. In addition to the master's programs, Harvard Kennedy School administers three doctoral programs. Ph.D. degrees are awarded in public policy , in social policy in conjunction with Harvard's departments of government and sociology , and in health policy in conjunction with FAS and

2835-643: Is now home to Harvard University 's Economics Department. The first students at the Graduate School were called Littauer Fellows, participating in a one-year course listing which later developed into the school's mid-career Master in Public Administration program. In the 1960s, the School began to develop its current public policy degree and course curriculum associated with its Master in Public Policy program. In 1966, three years following

2940-462: Is still extant and used for MBTA storage. There have been a total of five stations on the Red Line in and around Harvard Square. The original Harvard station was located just east of the current station, and some remains exist. The original station closed permanently on January 30, 1981. The surviving eastern end of the original outbound side platform , built to accommodate passengers alighting at

3045-595: The Blue Line ) from streetcars to high-platform metro rolling stock. A small maintenance facility was built underground near Maverick station , but more extensive work was performed at Eliot Shops. Cars were brought to the surface at a portal west of Bowdoin station , towed on surface tracks on Cambridge Street and the Longfellow Bridge, and transferred onto the Cambridge–Dorchester line tracks at

3150-899: The Charlestown Elevated and Washington Street Elevated , while the South Boston line was determined to be infeasible. After debate about running an elevated line above business districts in Cambridge, the BERy agreed in late 1906 to built a line under Beacon Hill in Boston, over a new West Boston Bridge , and under Main Street and Massachusetts Avenue in Cambridge to Harvard Square. Construction began on May 24, 1909. The Cambridge Subway opened from Harvard Square to Park Street Under on March 23, 1912, with intermediate stations at Central Square and Kendall Square . The two-level underground Harvard Square station largely matched

3255-816: The Harvard School of Public Health . Harvard Kennedy School has a number of joint and concurrent degree programs within Harvard and with other leading universities, which allow students to receive multiple degrees in a reduced period of time. Joint and current students spend at least one year in residence in Cambridge taking courses. Harvard Kennedy School joint degree programs are run with Harvard Business School , Harvard Law School , and Harvard Graduate School of Design , and concurrent programs are offered with Harvard Divinity School and Harvard Medical School . Beyond Harvard, HKS has concurrent degree arrangements with other law, business, and medical schools, including

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3360-465: The Harvard bus tunnel , which runs on the west side of the station. The primary station entrance leads to a central atrium fare lobby under Harvard Square; there is also a secondary fare lobby for the Red Line toward the north end of the station, with entrances at Church Street and opposite it, near Harvard's Johnston Gate ; and an unpaid entrance to the bus tunnel at Brattle Square. Harvard station has

3465-521: The Harvard–Massachusetts line . Until it was reassigned to Reservoir Carhouse in 1940, the Lake Street line had been based out of Bennett Street, requiring a long deadhead move along Cambridge Street to Lechmere. After the last Bennett-based streetcar lines were replaced with trolleybuses in 1958, the facility was used solely by trolleybuses and diesel buses. All trolleybus maintenance

3570-812: The International Institute of Social Studies of the Erasmus University Rotterdam (The Netherlands) and the Department of Politics at the University of York (United Kingdom). Harvard station#Maintenance facilities Harvard station is a rapid transit and bus transfer station in Cambridge, Massachusetts . Located at Harvard Square , it serves the MBTA 's Red Line subway system as well as MBTA buses . Harvard averaged 18,528 entries each weekday in FY2019, making it

3675-542: The Journal of Middle Eastern Politics and Policy , a student newspaper, The Citizen , and a number of student athletic groups. Students can join the Harvard Graduate Council , which is the centralized student government for the twelve graduate and professional schools of Harvard University . The Harvard Graduate Council is responsible for advocating student concerns to central administrators, including

3780-620: The Lexington Branch to Lexington. The 1966 Program for Mass Transportation by the 1964-created MBTA called for an immediate extension to Alewife Brook Parkway via Porter Square, with possible future extensions to Arlington or Waltham. During the construction of the current Harvard station, two temporary stations were built. "Harvard/Brattle", a temporary station built of pressure-treated wood , consisted of two island platforms between three tracks in Eliot Yard, just outside

3885-496: The MIT School of Architecture and Planning . MPP coursework is focused on one of five areas, called a Policy Area of Concentration (PAC), and includes a year-long research seminar in their second year, which includes a master's thesis called a Policy Analysis Exercise. Harvard Kennedy School has routinely ranked as the best, or among the best, of the world's public policy graduate schools. U.S. News & World Report ranks it

3990-571: The Master of International Affairs (MIA), and Master of Arts or Master of Sciences in International Relations, Political Science, or International Security, or other sub-fields of political science. Schools with an international and interdisciplinary focus may award a Master of Arts degree in International Policy Studies. Some schools teaching nonprofit studies as its own field of study may offer

4095-807: The Stanford Graduate School of Business , the MIT Sloan School of Management , the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College , The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania , Columbia Law School , Duke University School of Law , Georgetown University Law Center , New York University School of Law , Northwestern University School of Law , Stanford Law School , University of California, Berkeley School of Law , University of Michigan Law School , University of Pennsylvania Law School , Yale Law School , and UCSF School of Medicine . Abroad, Harvard Kennedy School offers

4200-421: The president of Harvard University , provost, deans of students, and deans for the nearly 15,000 graduate and professional students across the twelve schools, organizing large university-wide initiatives and events, administering and providing funding for university-wide student groups, and representing the Harvard graduate student population to other universities and external organizations. Harvard Graduate Council

4305-594: The 1920s and 1930s (including the 1925 conversion of the Harvard-Kendall line) originally stopped on the surface. Trackless trolleys (trolleybuses) began to use the tunnel with the conversion of the Huron Avenue streetcar line (now route 72 ) on April 2, 1938. (The Harvard–Lechmere line   — now route 69   — was converted in 1936, but it continued to run on the surface because of road geometry. Not until spring 1956 were wires reconfigured to allow

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4410-528: The 1967 Harvard football season. BERy also constructed a brick division headquarters building, later known as the Conductor's Building , in Bennett Alley between the yard and the streetcar tunnel. It was used by the BERy and its successors until around 2000; in 2014–2016, the building was renovated for use as a restaurant. It is the last remaining aboveground building from the 1912 construction of

4515-633: The 71 and 73 were through-routed with North Cambridge trips) continued to use the tunnel. As of 2006, it was one of only two urban trolleybus subways (tunnels with stations) in the world, following the end of trolleybus service in the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel in 2005; the other was the South Boston Transitway . (The 2,160-foot-long (660 m) College Hill Tunnel , in Providence, Rhode Island ,

4620-489: The Cambridge Subway. On the east side of the yard, the BERy constructed a 350-by-15-foot (106.7 m × 4.6 m) concrete platform for special service to events such as the Harvard football games at Harvard Stadium . Known as Stadium station, it had a main ramp entrance/exit at the south end, plus eight smaller stair entrance/exits along the east wall. It was not open for regular use and did not have turnstiles; instead, employees collected all fares. Fully staffing

4725-414: The Cambridge tunnel. The Harvard Square power station, which was built for streetcars in 1897, was located adjacent to Eliot Shops across Boylston Street. It had a substantial coal trestle for freight streetcars to deliver coal. A steam tunnel ran west from the power station under Eliot and Bennett yards, supplying steam power to both. After Widener Library was built in 1912, Harvard University built

4830-780: The Eliot Shops site for development. However, community opinion had by then turned against placing the library in Harvard Square because of concerns about traffic and crowding; in November 1975, the Kennedy Library Corporation voted to instead place the library at Columbia Point near UMass Boston . Eliot Shops closed in 1976, with demolition beginning on December 22. Bennett Yard closed on March 22, 1980, replaced by new maintenance facilities at North Cambridge and Watertown Yard . In October 1978,

4935-658: The French institute of political studies Sciences Po complements these core disciplines with organizational sociology, human security, political economy, and leadership. The European Commission through its Erasmus Mundus Programme has funded the Erasmus Mundus Master Program in Public Policy since 2007. This program brings together four leading policy-oriented schools in Eurorpe: The IBEI (Spain), Central European University (Hungary),

5040-563: The Harvard Square elevator, as part of the 2006 settlement of Joanne Daniels-Finegold, et al. v. MBTA . Construction of the Eliot Square elevator began in mid-2010. The $ 4.1 million project, which provided redundant elevator access to the station, was completed in January 2012. The main elevator in Harvard Square was closed in 2018 for an 18-month replacement with a larger glass elevator. The new elevator, which has copper sheeting on

5145-477: The Harvard bus tunnel. All board on the upper level; all use the lower level for alighting except the 71 and 73 (which use the upper level for alighting) and the southbound 66 and 86. Five routes   — 1 , 66 , 68 , 69 ,   and   86 stop at street level at several locations in Harvard Square. (Routes 66 and 86 run northbound in the tunnel and southbound on the surface.) Southbound buses on routes 66 and 86, and terminating buses on route 77, also serve

5250-510: The Institute of Politics holds the John F. Kennedy Jr. Forum, named in honor of John F. Kennedy Jr. , in Harvard Kennedy School's Littauer Building. By 1978, the faculty, including presidential scholar and adviser Richard Neustadt , a foreign policy scholar and later dean of the School, Graham Allison , Richard Zeckhauser , and others consolidated the school's programs and research centers at

5355-685: The Ivory Tower survey, which lists the world's top twenty academic international relations programs at the undergraduate, Master's, and Ph.D. levels. In 2012, for example, the survey ranked Kennedy School first overall for doctoral and undergraduate programs and third overall in the Master's category. Harvard Kennedy School maintains a range of student activities, including interest-driven student caucuses, Kennedy School Student Government, known as KSSG, student-edited policy journals, including Harvard Journal of Hispanic Policy , Kennedy School Review ,

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5460-550: The Lars Anderson Bridge and entered the bus tunnel via Eliot Street, Bennett Street, and Bennett Alley. Southbound buses would have started at the Dawes Island bus stop, then proceeded on the surface on Eliot Street and JFK Street back to the bridge. The project was cancelled in 2010 due to high cost. The MBTA agreed to build a new elevator at the south end of the upper busway at Eliot Square, and to replace

5565-504: The applied and administrative side of political science. Public policy schools in the United States tackle policy analysis differently. The Harris School of Public Policy Studies at the University of Chicago has a more quantitative and economics approach to policy, the Heinz College at Carnegie Mellon uses computational and technology-driven methods, while the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University has

5670-588: The assassination of U.S. President and 1940 Harvard College alumnus John F. Kennedy , the school was renamed in his honor. In 1966, concurrent with the school's renaming, the Harvard Institute of Politics was created with Neustadt as its founding director. Harvard Institute of Politics has been housed on the school campus since 1978, and today sponsors and hosts a series of programs, speeches and study groups for Harvard undergraduates and graduate students. Along with major Harvard Kennedy School events,

5775-412: The best graduate school for social policy, the best for health policy, and second best for public policy analysis. In 2015 rankings, Kennedy School is ranked first in the subcategory of health policy and second in the category of public policy analysis and social policy. Kennedy's School's foreign affairs programs have consistently ranked at the top or near the top of Foreign Policy magazine's Inside

5880-745: The branch failed to compete with the omnibus service and was closed in 1855. On March 26, 1856, the Cambridge Railroad began horse-drawn tram service between Harvard Square and Bowdoin Square   — the first such service in the Boston area. Following the opening of its Beacon Street line earlier that year, the West End Street Railway began electric streetcar service on the North Cambridge–Bowdoin Square line on February 16, 1889. Murray Street Carhouse

5985-471: The first building of a new John F. Kennedy School of Government complex opened on the southern half of the site. The new buildings were constructed on fill atop the concrete base of the yard. A single segment of wall reading BOSTON ELEVATED RAILWAY CO. 1911 remained in the courtyard of the Kennedy School until a 2015-17 expansion project . The abandoned tunnel to Eliot Shops under Brattle Street

6090-545: The first coach of the Harvard Crimson football team. Harvard Kennedy School's shield was designed to express the national purpose of the school and was modeled after the U.S. shield . The School drew its initial faculty from Harvard's existing government and economics departments, and welcomed its first students in 1937. The School's original home was in the Littauer Center, north of Harvard Yard , which

6195-399: The former terminus, is still visible from passing trains. The 1945 Coolidge Commission report   — the first major transit planning initiative in the region since 1926   — recommended an extension from Harvard to Arlington Heights via East Watertown. The 1947 revision recommended an extension north to Porter Square instead, with branches along the Fitchburg Railroad to Waltham and

6300-487: The headhouse on a bank of stairs and elevators, then turn and descend northwest on a second escalator bank into the lobby. An elevator is located adjacent to the headhouse; the station is fully accessible . The Red Line platforms are located on two stacked levels, north of the square under Massachusetts Avenue. The outbound (northbound) track is above and slightly east of the inbound track; both have side platforms on their west sides. These split platforms run from near

6405-590: The importance of framing effects and cognitive limits in policy formation. Schools of public policy that have met professional standards of education and quality in the United States are accredited by the Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration (NASPAA): In Europe, the LUISS School of Government offers a multidisciplinary approach to public policy combining economics, political science, new public management, and policy analysis, while

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6510-416: The kiosk, opened on October 31, 2019. A project to make repairs to the deteriorated pavement, replace the trolleybus wire, replace lighting, improve wayfinding, and add automatic doors to the main station area is taking place in 2019 and 2020. On June 23, 2019, the upper busway was temporarily closed; most buses used the lower busway for boarding and surface stops for alighting, while routes 71 and 73 ran on

6615-593: The library on the site of the Bennett and Eliot railyards, on the northern side of the river. The MTA had begun offering this site for sale the previous year, with Harvard University and several real estate developers developing bids, as the agency planned for a replacement maintenance facility either near South Station or as part of the planned northwestern Red Line extension. Shortly after being selected as architect in December 1964, I.M. Pei indicated an interest in

6720-703: The line to use the tunnel.) The busy Arlington Heights line (now route 77 ) was converted to surface-stopping diesel buses on November 19, 1955. In the late 1950s, the MTA (which had replaced the BERy in 1947) needed additional streetcars to run the new Riverside Line (which opened in 1959), but no domestic manufacturers were still producing PCC streetcars . The City of Cambridge also planned road work that would interrupt streetcar service, and wished to eliminate "safety islands" (where passengers boarded streetcars) from Massachusetts Avenue. The MTA replaced Arborway -based trolleybus lines with diesel buses, then transferred

6825-467: The master's degree as a terminal degree , which trains students to work as policy analysts or practitioners in governments, government relations , think tanks , business-to-government marketing/sales , and consulting firms . A more theoretical stream aims to train students who are aiming to go on to complete doctoral studies with the goal of becoming professors of public policy, political science in general, or researchers. Public policy schools offer

6930-463: The new station opened on September 6, 1983. The main lobby and the new Harvard Square headhouse opened on March 2, 1985. (The reconstructed former headhouse had been returned to the square and occupied by Out of Town News in 1984.) The artworks at Harvard and the three new stations were dedicated on May 3, 1985. The renovated busway opened on September 7, 1985, completing the $ 72 million construction project. The bus platforms had been moved to

7035-450: The north and west were truncated to Harvard Square. The streetcar tunnel served lines to Watertown , Waverley Square , Belmont, Huron Avenue, and Arlington Heights via North Cambridge. Some lines were through-routed : Arlington Heights with Watertown, and North Cambridge line with Waverley and Belmont; the Huron Avenue line terminated at Bennett Yard. Lines to Lechmere Square , Kendall Square , and Boston continued to use surface tracks in

7140-410: The northbound platform from 250 feet (76 m) to 400 feet (120 m) and widened the existing portion, doubling its area. Construction work started in late 1922 and was finished in 1923. At that time, the BERy believed that Harvard would be the permanent terminus; the heavy ridership from the north was expected to be handled by extending rapid transit from Lechmere Square . Bus routes added in

7245-562: The northeast side of the square (later in front of Lehman Hall ) and on the north side of Massachusetts Avenue east of the square near the Wadsworth House. The original headhouse was replaced by a smaller structure in 1928. Otherwise, the station was little changed until the 1970s. With an eight-minute running time between Harvard Square and Park Street, the Cambridge Subway was fifteen minutes faster than surface streetcars. No longer needing to run to downtown Boston, lines from

7350-435: The platforms, the tracks merged onto a single level, with a pocket track between them. This three-track tunnel ran southwest under Brattle Street to a maintenance facility known as ”Eliot Shops” ; outbound trains could reverse direction at the pocket track or continue to the yard. A two-level streetcar tunnel formed the west part of the station, with platforms 435–472 feet (133–144 m) long. The southbound (lower) level

7455-418: The platforms; a small set of stairs also connects the lower platform to the west side of the lobby. A headhouse and an elevator to the upper level are located at Eliot Square at the southwest end of the platform. The south portal of the tunnel is located on Mount Auburn Street; it runs slightly west of Brattle Street to Harvard Square, then northward along the west side of Massachusetts Avenue. The north portal

7560-411: The portal. A $ 1.4 million construction contract was approved on December 7, 1977, with a groundbreaking ceremony on January 23, 1978. The station was open from March 24, 1979, to September 1, 1983, and was the northern terminus of the Red Line during that period. The temporary station was completely demolished, and parts of the Kennedy School of Government now occupy the space. "Harvard/Holyoke" station

7665-444: The present Harvard Kennedy School campus. The first new building opened on the southern half of the former Eliot Shops site in October 1978. Under the terms of Littauer's original grant, the current campus also features a building called Littauer. In late 2007, the Kennedy School of Government announced that while its official name was not being altered, it was rebranding itself as Harvard Kennedy School effective Fall 2008. The goal

7770-469: The project was completed in late 2017. The new Harvard Kennedy School campus opened in December 2017. From 2004 to 2015, Harvard Kennedy School's dean was David T. Ellwood , a U.S. Department of Health and Human Services official in the Clinton administration . In 2015, Douglas Elmendorf , a former director of the U.S. Congressional Budget Office , was named both dean of the Harvard Kennedy School and

7875-448: The public sector. There are three separate Master in Public Administration (MPA) programs: a one-year Mid-Career Program (MC/MPA) intended for professionals who are more than seven years removed from their college graduation; a two-year MPA program intended for professionals who have an additional graduate degree and are more recently out of school; and a two-year international development track (MPA/ID) focused on development studies with

7980-463: The school reversed this decision. The Robert F. Kennedy Award for Excellence in Public Service is awarded to "a graduating student whose commitment, activities, and contributions to public service are extraordinary". Several other awards are also awarded on Class Day annually at the end of May. Harvard Kennedy School has over 63,000 alumni, many of whom have gone on to notable careers around

8085-497: The school's Don K. Price Professor of Public Policy. Elmendorf announced in September 2023 that he would step down as dean at the end of the academic year 2023/2024. Jeremy M. Weinstein was named dean effective July 1, 2024. Harvard Kennedy School offers four master's degree programs. The two-year Master in Public Policy (MPP) program focuses on policy analysis , economics , management , ethics, statistics and negotiations in

8190-501: The site housed the Eliot Square Shops, used for storage and maintenance of the Cambridge Subway rolling stock. It had a three-track machine shop and five covered maintenance tracks, plus open-air storage tracks. The whole facility covered 625 by 335 feet (191 m × 102 m), including the 500-by-140-foot (152 m × 43 m) shop building and the 150-foot (46 m)-wide yard. Footings were built between

8295-461: The south (occupying part of the former tunnel to Eliot Square Shops) and renovated during the six-year closure of the tunnel. The northern ramp of the tunnel was also rebuilt during the closure. In addition to the route previously using the tunnel, bus routes 74 , 75 , and 78 were rerouted into the tunnel. (Route 86 , which remained on the surface, began using the tunnel northbound only in 2008.) A memorial plaque honoring John H. "Muggsie" Kelly,

8400-423: The south end of Harvard University's Straus Hall to the south part of Flagstaff Park near Garden Street. A pair of ramps lead from the main lobby   — which has faregates on its north side   — to the platforms. A secondary fare lobby is located above the middle of both platforms, with small brick headhouses on both sides of Massachusetts Avenue at Church Street near Johnston Gate . Immediately west of

8505-410: The square. On May 4, 1912, Lexington and Boston Street Railway cars from Lowell began using the tunnel. This lasted until the line was replaced by buses (later becoming MBTA route 62 ) in 1924. By 1922, 104 streetcars per hour (24 single cars and 40 two-car trains) ran northbound through the tunnel during the afternoon peak. In response to overcrowding, the BERy extended the loading section of

8610-420: The station at the surface. The platforms and floors were made of granolithic . Station walls were tiled with white enamel, with a red tile band 6 feet (1.8 m) above the floor and white plaster above. The exit to Harvard Yard also had dark granite inside and black marble at the surface. Early plans called for a monument-like headhouse in Harvard Square matching that of Scollay Square station . However,

8715-418: The station took 49 employees, including 24 ticket sellers and 12 ticket choppers. Stadium station could handle 26,000 passengers in 45 minutes after a game, with trains running every 1 3 ⁄ 4 minutes. The architecture of the station was designed by Robert S. Peabody. It first opened for a home game versus Brown on October 26, 1912; the last known use was on November 18, 1967, for the final home game of

8820-528: The stations involved in the pioneering Arts on the Line program. Arts on the Line was devised to bring art into the MBTA's subway stations in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It was the first program of its kind in the United States and became the model for similar arrangements to fund public art across the country. Four of the original twenty artworks were located at Harvard station. The first two are located within

8925-404: The student body. Under Dean Elmendorf, the school has tried to focus its engagement across the political spectrum, which has caused controversy at times. The school came under criticism for offering a fellowship to Chelsea Manning on September 13, 2017. It then publicly rescinded the offer on September 15, 2017, after CIA director Mike Pompeo canceled a speaking engagement at Harvard and sent

9030-424: The subway platforms is the 1,380-foot (420 m)-long Harvard bus tunnel, used by MBTA buses and formerly trackless trolleys . Like the Red Line, it is split into two stacked tunnel levels; the northbound level is above and slightly east of the southbound level. Both levels have platforms on their east side, located under Brattle Street southwest of the main lobby. A pair of ramps connect the main station lobby to

9135-402: The surface only. The upper busway reopened and the lower busway closed on October 21. The lower busway reopened on November 22, with the upper busway again closed until December 21. Additional closures of the lower busway took place from March 31 to May 2 and June 21 to December 21, 2020, as decreased ridership during the coronavirus pandemic allowed for faster construction. The upper busway

9240-433: The surface. Original plans had called for the trolleybuses to be replaced by diesel buses at all times, but this was delayed while the MTA investigated methods to ventilate the tunnel. Diesel buses equipped with early catalytic mufflers were tested from 1962 to 1964, with the hope of eliminating most surface bus traffic from Harvard Square. In January 1965, catalytic-muffler-equipped diesel buses on route 77 began using

9345-429: The third-busiest MBTA station after Downtown Crossing and South Station . Five of the fifteen key MBTA bus routes stop at the station. Harvard station is located directly beneath Harvard Square, a transportation, business, and cultural focal point in Cambridge. The Red Line rail platforms lie underneath Massachusetts Avenue just north of the center of the square. Many connecting surface transit routes are served by

9450-477: The triangular shape of Harvard Square. The subway platforms were oriented east-west under Massachusetts Avenue at the east end of the station, with the outbound (unloading) platform above and slightly north of the inbound platform. The outbound platform was 283 feet (86 m) long and at least 10–12 feet (3.0–3.7 m) wide; the inbound platform was 320 feet (98 m) long and at least 20 feet (6.1 m) wide to accommodate passengers waiting for trains. West of

9555-634: The trolleybuses to replace the Harvard-based streetcars. Some off-peak and Sunday service was replaced in 1956, followed by Cushing Square short turn service in 1957. On September 5, 1958, the Watertown ( 71 ) and Waverley ( 73 ) lines and the North Cambridge short turns (now route 77A ) were replaced with trolleybuses, ending streetcar service through the tunnel. The four trolleybus routes (sometimes considered three, as most trips on

9660-530: The tunnel do not have left-hand doors, passengers must alight next to the wall and cross in front of the bus. MBTA trolleybuses were equipped with an additional left-hand door for boarding on this level; because this door did not have a farebox, passengers instead paid while alighting from routes 71 and 73 (the only routes that boarded southbound in the tunnel). Harvard is a major transfer point for MBTA bus routes. Nine routes   — 66 , 71 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 77 , 78 , 86 ,   and   96   — use

9765-456: The tunnel, followed by route 96 in March 1966. However, the trolleybus lines were not replaced with diesel buses until 2022. In August 2024, northbound route 66 buses began using the tunnel. The BERy constructed a pair of rail yards on a site to the southwest of Harvard Square, bordered by Eliot Street, Bennett Street, University Road, Charles River Road, and Boylston Street. Much of the site

9870-411: The world in government, business, public policy, and other fields. Its alumni include 20 heads of state and dozens of leaders of government department and agencies, non-profit public policy organizations, the military, thought leadership and advocacy, academia, and other fields: Public policy school Public policy schools typically train students in two streams. The more practical stream treats

9975-583: The yard site, and it was chosen over a smaller southern site in mid-1965. In January 1966, governor John A. Volpe signed a bill allowing the state to purchase the yards from the now-renamed MBTA, and in turn to give the site to the federal government for the library. However, delays with the Red Line extension project caused corresponding delays with the purchase. The MBTA ultimately purchased land near South Station for its new Red Line maintenance facility in December 1969. Cabot Yard opened in June 1974, freeing

10080-417: The yard tracks to allow for future air rights development. On the west side of the shop building, a single track ran up a ramp to Bennett Yard. Nicknamed "Bancroft Hall" (after BERy president William Bancroft ) by employees, the shop building was used to assemble the forty new subway cars. Eliot Square Shops cost $ 1.00 million (equivalent to $ 22.85 million in 2023) out of the total $ 11.75 million cost of

10185-554: Was again closed from June 20 to July 29, 2021, with the lower busway then closed until August 29. Improvements to wayfinding signage and lighting in the station began in 2020 but were suspended during the COVID-19 pandemic. Trolleybus service ended on March 13, 2022, with routes 71 and 73 rerouted to board in the upper busway. As a part of the Red Line Northwest Extension , Harvard was included as one of

10290-461: Was built at Mattapan in 1971. The BERy purchased a private garage adjacent to Bennett Yard in October 1931; it was reopened on July 28, 1932, as a garage for BERY maintenance trucks. Pavement was laid around several tracks in Bennett Yard in 1936 and 1938 for use by trolleybuses. Several yard tracks were removed in 1942 and 1949, the latter to accommodate trolleybuses for the conversion of

10395-593: Was built for the new electric cars. The West End (which was acquired by the Boston Elevated Railway in 1897) rapidly expanded its electric operations, including other lines meeting at Harvard Square. After the success of the 1897-opened Tremont Street Subway , the Boston Elevated Railway (BERy) planned an elevated system with lines to Cambridge, South Boston , Charlestown , and Roxbury . The latter two lines opened in 1901 as

10500-586: Was for streetcars running on Mount Auburn Street, while the northbound level was for streetcars running on Massachusetts Avenue and Garden Street. The streetcar platforms were divided into unloading and loading sections for the through-routed streetcar lines , allowing separation of passenger flows in opposite directions. This philosophy was used throughout the station, with dedicated one-way transfer passages between trains and streetcars in all directions. All passages were level or sloped downwards for ease of movement, and stairs were only necessary for entering or exiting

10605-412: Was located in the main Red Line tunnel east of the current station, at Massachusetts Avenue and Holyoke Street. Although it served inbound passengers only, the temporary station was fully built with tile walls and other durable details. It was open from January 31, 1981, to September 1, 1983. The abandoned side platform is still visible from inbound Red Line trains. The Church Street secondary entrance to

10710-605: Was occupied by BERy and West End Street Railway streetcar barns; the area had been used for horsecar facilities since at least 1871. The rest of the site, which had once been marshland, was occupied by private buildings. The west half of the site was occupied by Bennett Street Yard, a storage and maintenance facility for streetcars. It included a 16-track, 375-by-270-foot (114 m × 82 m) carhouse that could hold 92 streetcars, plus an open-air storage yard. Bennett opened on March 30, 1911, replacing nearby Boylston Street and Murray Street carhouses. The eastern half of

10815-507: Was performed at Bennett, though some were also stored at North Cambridge Carhouse . In October 1958, the MTA sold the east part of Bennett Yard to the city of Cambridge, which used the paved area as public parking. Around 1963, John F. Kennedy originally proposed to build his presidential library near Harvard, on the south side of the Charles River. In June 1964, then-city councilman Alfred Vellucci proposed to instead locate

10920-688: Was to make clearer the school's connection with Harvard. It was also thought that the new branding would reduce confusion with other entities named after Kennedy, including the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. and the Kennedy Library in Boston . The rebranding had the support of John F. Kennedy's brother, U.S. Senator Edward M. Kennedy , and Caroline Kennedy , the former president's daughter. In 2012, Harvard Kennedy School announced

11025-689: Was used by trackless trolleys from 1948 to 1953, but had no stations. The use of the Essen premetro subway in Germany by trolleybuses ended in 1995, and the Kanden Tunnel and Tateyama Tunnel in Japan were non-urban trolleybus tunnels.) On March 30, 1963, the MTA replaced all remaining trolleybus routes except for the Harvard-based routes with diesel buses. The Harvard tunnel was closed on Sundays, with trolleybuses replaced by diesel buses operating on

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