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85-560: Hastings County has trademarked the moniker "Cheese Capital of Canada". The 14 local municipalities within Hastings County are: The Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory is within the Hastings census division but is independent of the county. The cities of Belleville and Quinte West are separated municipalities and so are within the geographical boundaries of the county and included in the Hastings census division, but they not under

170-699: A "Catalogue of Culbertson Tract Land Claim documents collection" in its archives. Chief Don Maracle renewed a call for negotiations to continue in 2011, following a period of stagnation. A symposium entitled "The Land that Supports our Feet", was held in Deseronto in 2013 which was well-attended. In June 2013, Justice Rennie of the Federal Court of Canada ruled in Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte v. Canada (Indian Affairs and Northern Development) , that expropriation

255-655: A Chief of Police and a Deputy Chief. The service is stationed out of one location only. Policing on provincial highways (37, 62 and 401) are provided by the Ontario Provincial Police from the Centre Hastings detachment. Belleville is serviced by the 401 highway system, and bus service to and from Toronto Pearson International Airport is provided by Megabus . Deseronto Transit provides public transportation services to destinations including Deseronto, Napanee, and Prince Edward County. Belleville

340-577: A booming trade in lumber and successful farming in the area, the railway helped increase the commercial and industrial growth. Belleville was incorporated as a town in 1850. In 1858 the iron bridge was completed over the Moira River at Bridge Street; it was the first iron bridge in Hastings County . By 1865, the population reached 6,000. Telephone service to 29 subscribers was in place by 1883; electricity became available in 1885 and in 1886,

425-499: A change of 8.6% from its 2016 population of 50,716 . With a land area of 247.15 km (95.43 sq mi), it had a population density of 222.8/km (577.1/sq mi) in 2021. At the census metropolitan area (CMA) level in the 2021 census, the Belleville - Quinte West CMA had a population of 111,184 living in 46,213 of its 48,274 total private dwellings, a change of 7.5% from its 2016 population of 103,401 . With

510-508: A chief, though historical evidence is inconclusive. By December 1868, there were three men in the community who could still claim the title of "old chief" (i.e. a chief following the traditional method of selection), Chiefs Thomas Green, Joseph Penn, and Seth Powless. Fearing that the traditional form of governance they represented would be upset by upcoming legislation (the Gradual Enfranchisement Act of 1869 would be

595-582: A council of chiefs selected following Haudenosaunee democratic tradition. When the Mohawks first came to the Bay of Quinte, they were led by Captain John Deserontyon, and he was then the first leader of the community. Between the time of the landing in 1784 and Captain John's death in 1811, the government consisted of so-called "community chiefs," "war chiefs," and Captain John himself, who was considered

680-468: A group of around 200 who did not want to take part in the legislated system gathered to form a traditional council, following the old ways. This group had help from eighteen chiefs from Grand River, and they reported the creation of this traditional council to the Secretary of State. The chiefs named to this council were Chiefs Thomas Green, Joseph Penn, Seth Powless, Cornelius Maracle (unclear whether this

765-633: A land area of 1,337.5 km (516.4 sq mi), it had a population density of 83.1/km (215.3/sq mi) in 2021. Belleville's population is mostly of European descent. The racial make up of Belleville is as of 2021 was 85.1% White , 5.6% Indigenous and 9.3% visible minorities. The largest visible minority groups in Belleville are South Asian (3.9%), Black (1.3%), Filipino (0.9%) and Chinese (0.8%) . 89.7% of residents speak English as their mother tongue. Other common first languages are French (1.5%), Gujarati (0.7%), Punjabi (0.6%), Spanish (0.5%), and Chinese (0.5%). 1.1% list both English and

850-674: A leg of the Trans-Canada Highway , in the central region, Highways 62 and 37 travelling north to south, Highway 28 travelling east to west in the northern region, and Highway 127 travelling north from Maynooth, also in the northern region. There are 5 EMS stations in Hastings County with Hastings-Quinte EMS HQ located in Belleville, Ontario . Currently, Hastings & Prince Edward District School Board operates public schools. Previously, Hastings County Board of Education operated public schools. Mohawks of

935-503: A more active role in nominating candidates to the managing council, which Rae characterizes as meddling. In 1858, Superintendent Thomas Gummersall Anderson named two men as councillors, and the community chose three other men to be on council—resulting in a council of five. The only one of the "old chiefs" on this 1858 council was Powles Claus. The following year, Visiting Superintendent W. R. Bartlett again named two men to council (Powles Claus and Thomas Claus), while three men were elected by

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1020-668: A non-official language as mother tongues, while 0.4% list both English and French. As of 2021, 53.4% of residents were Christian , down from 67.1% in 2011. 22.7% were Protestant , 19.8% Catholic , 6.0% Christians not otherwise specified, and 4.9% members of other Christian denominations or Christian-related traditions. 42.1% were non-religious or secular, up from 30.3% in 2011. The remaining 4.5% affiliated with another religion, up from 2.6% in 2011. The largest non-Christian religions were Hinduism (1.4%), Sikhism (1.0%) and Islam (0.8%). European n.o.s North American Indigenous , n.o.s. Some corporations operating in Belleville include

1105-412: A population of 145,746 living in 61,141 of its 68,518 total private dwellings, a change of 6.8% from its 2016 population of 136,445 . With a land area of 6,013.35 km (2,321.77 sq mi), it had a population density of 24.2/km (62.8/sq mi) in 2021. Following are members of Hastings County Council as of August, 2019: The county is served by Highway 401 in the south, Highway 7 ,

1190-489: A secretary and a treasurer. Trish Rae of Tsi Tyónnheht Onkwawén:na refers to this six-person council as the "managing council," and notes that the four old chiefs remained important members of the community, responsible for signing documents, but only two sat on this managing council. According to research done by Trish Rae, from the 1840s and increasingly through the 1860s, the Superintendent of Indian Affairs played

1275-603: A trend toward consolidation of township administrations: At the dawn of the 21st century, there has been a trend toward amalgamating rural and urban administrations. On 1 January 1998: In 1998, the Village of Tweed was amalgamated with its Township of Hungerford and the contiguous Township of Elzevir & Grimsthorpe to form the Municipality of Tweed. In 1999, the Village of Bancroft merged with Dungannon Township to form

1360-745: Is also home the Bay of Quinte Yacht Club , which challenged for the America's Cup in 1881. Belleville also sports minor hockey league teams such as the Belleville Bearcats (female) and the Belleville Jr. Bulls (male). The Belleville McFarlands were a men's senior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey Association Senior division from 1956 to 1961. The McFarlands were Allan Cup champions in 1958, defeating

1445-457: Is highly variable, with the record setting winter of 2007–08 experiencing near 270 cm of snow. Four years later, the winter of 2011–12 experienced only 60 cm of snow. Winter temperatures are also highly variable, even in one season. Air masses change frequently, and while a few days may see above freezing temperatures at a time in January, the next week may bring cold and snowfall. Autumn

1530-478: Is located on the Toronto-Montreal main rail lines for both Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway ; both companies provide freight access. VIA Rail also operates five daily passenger services each way along its Quebec City–Windsor Corridor . Belleville General Hospital is located near Highway 2 and is Belleville's main healthcare facility. The hospital is one of the four hospitals in

1615-457: Is moderated by its location near Lake Ontario. The lake moderates temperature extremes, cooling hot summer days and warming cold days during the fall and winter. Because of this, winter snowfall is somewhat limited due to the increased frequency of precipitation falling as rain during the winter months. In the summer months, severe thunderstorm activity is usually limited because of the non-favourable lake breeze conditions. The city, being located on

1700-563: Is one of several viable alternatives available to the government under the law. The Mohawk of the Bay of Quinte have been under a Drinking Water Advisory since 2008, "due to fecal, bacterial and algae contaminations". During a drought in the area, many of the groundwater wells—upon which they had depended—went completely dry. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada , supply chains from manufacturers were disrupted, resulting in an increase in

1785-884: Is properly considered part of the Central Ontario region as it is located west of the St. Lawrence River 's starting point, but the city is popularly considered part of Eastern Ontario as it shares the eastern region's area code 613 and K postal code . In addition to the Belleville city centre, the city of Belleville also comprises a number of villages and hamlets, including the following communities: Bayshore, Cannifton, Corbyville, Foxboro, Frink Centre, Gilead, Halloway, Honeywell Corners, Latta, Loyalist, Philipston, Plainfield, Pointe Anne, Roslin (partially), Thrasher's Corners, Thurlow, Thurlow South and Zion Hill. Belleville's climate has four distinct seasons. The city's traditional humid continental climate ( Dfb )(hot summers, cold winters)

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1870-486: Is represented by Belleville City Council with a mayor and eight councillors. There are two city wards with Ward 1 (Belleville) represented by six councillors and Ward 2 (Thurlow) by two councillors. Ward 1 consists of the historic city and Ward 2 was created in 1998 with the amalgamation of Township of Thurlow. City Council sits at Belleville City Hall . The city has had its own police force since 1834, and constables since 1790. The force has about 100 sworn members headed by

1955-412: Is the same man as on the elected council, possibly Turtle clan), James Brant (likely Bear clan), David Powless (likely Wolf clan), John Brant, Simon Hill (likely Bear clan), and Brant Powless (likely the brother of Seth). Critics of this traditional council wrote to the Secretary of State to warn him about what they characterized as a power-grab by Seth Powless, backed by "pagan" "foreigners," and entreating

2040-461: Is usually mild, with an increase in precipitation starting in late September as conditions for fall storms develop. The highest temperature ever recorded in Belleville was 104 °F (40.0 °C) on 9 July 1936. The coldest temperature ever recorded was −39 °F (−39.4 °C) on 9 February 1934. The 2021 Census by Statistics Canada found that Belleville had a population of 55,071 living in 23,536 of its 24,582 total private dwellings,

2125-732: The Indian Act . On December 4, 2017, Council adopted a motion 'to approve to adopt the First Nations Election Act [FNEA] regulations for the Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory in 2019', but Council has not officially adopted a custom election code or opted into the FNEA as of December 2018. Chief Councillors From the start, the government of the Mohawk community at the Bay of Quinte consisted of

2210-418: The 2021 Canadian census was 55,071 (Census Metropolitan Area population 111,184). It is the seat of Hastings County , but politically independent of it, and is the centre of the Bay of Quinte Region. The settlement was first called Singleton's Creek after an early settler, George Singleton. Next it was called Meyer's Creek, after prominent settler and industrialist John Walden Meyers (1745–1821), one of

2295-625: The Bay of Quinte because it was said to be the birthplace of Tekanawita , one of the founders of the Iroquois Confederacy in the 12th century. The majority of the Mohawk followed Joseph Brant to the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation in what has become the province of Ontario. On May 22, 1784, the group of 20 Mohawk families (between 100 and 125 people) arrived at Tyendinaga. Nine years later,

2380-560: The Cayuga language the name is Tayęda:ne:gęˀ or Detgayę:da:negęˀ —"land of two logs". The geographical feature, the bay is kénhte in the Mohawk language and the community's official Mohawk name is Kenhtè:ke —"on the bay". It was anglicized to "Quinte". The Mohawk nation reserve covers 7,362.5  ha (18,193- acre ) in Hastings County on the Bay of Quinte in southeastern Ontario , Canada, east of Belleville and immediately to

2465-779: The Culbertson Tract land claim . The claim is based on Loyalist settlers allegedly acquiring Mohawk traditional land illegally, during the period from 1820 to 1843, resulting in the loss of the majority of the land from the Simcoe Treaty . As set out in the Royal Proclamation of 1763, the terms and conditions for purchasing land from Mohawk included the requirement of a community vote prior to sales of any common land to non-Mohawk. Research and documentation has shown that these terms and conditions may not have been followed at Tyendinaga. The Township created

2550-744: The Indian Act throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. Seth W. Hill was removed from council in 1860 for intemperance and replaced by William J. W. Hill in an election. John Loft was removed in 1863 for the same reason, but was not replaced. Powles Claus died in 1866 and was not replaced on council, though many in the community wanted Seth Powless to replace him. Sampson Green died on January 27, 1923; Archibald Culbertson died in 1892, but had been removed from council in 1887; William J. W. Hill died on December 24, 1910; John Loft died in 1878; Seth W. Hill died on August 27, 1884; Cornelius Maracle died on May 28, 1920; John Claus died on February 25, 1898. This

2635-947: The Kelowna Packers four games to three, and the World Championship in 1959. The team name was revived by a later team in the Eastern Ontario Senior Hockey League from 2003 to 2006, known as the Belleville Macs . Shannonville Motorsport Park has hosted rounds of the Canadian Touring Car Championship , the Canadian Superbike Championship and the CASC Ontario Region championships. Local government

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2720-694: The Macdonald-Cartier Freeway (Highway 401) ; The city is also served by Highway 37 , running north–south from Belleville towards Tweed to the east of the Moira River; and Highway 62 (once Highway 14 south of 401), northwards towards Madoc , and southward to Prince Edward County over the Bay Bridge. Belleville is located in a transitional zone which may be considered part of either the Central Ontario or Eastern Ontario regions by different sources. Officially, Belleville

2805-680: The National Hockey League 's Ottawa Senators . They play at the CAA Arena , formally Yardmen Arena , located on 265 Cannifton Road. Belleville Bulls played in the Ontario Hockey League from 1981 to 2015. The team was then sold and relocated to Hamilton, Ontario . Belleville was also previously home to two senior hockey teams, the Belleville Macs and the Belleville McFarlands . Belleville

2890-919: The " Gunshot Treaty " and "other treaties of the Six Nations Indians," as well as to have all expenses paid by the Department for Indian Affairs. In April 1919, there was another installation of traditional chiefs. The Minister of the Interior was notified of this installation, and advised that there would be no more elections at the Bay of Quinte. The men installed with chief titles were Joseph J. Brant, Wellington Green, Jacob Maracle, Cornelius J. Maracle, William J. Sero, Abram L. Maracle, William Doreen, George Hill, and Solomon J. Brant. The substitutes were James M. Barnhart, Fred Sero, Ambrose Claus, Jacob Maracle, John W. Maracle, Andrew Sero, Johnson Louis, John Sero, and John J. Smart. The recording secretary

2975-492: The "headman." All functions of government went through Captain John, and as such the finer points of the government structure are unclear, for instance how many chiefs made up the council. Upon Captain John's death in 1811, there is evidence from external correspondence with other governments that six chiefs may have led the community in the early 1800s. Extant documents from the 1820s and 1830s include signatures from groups of four chiefs, five chiefs, and six chiefs. In 1835, with

3060-516: The 30s before finally achieving the status of a separate district in March 1837. It was constituted as the District of Victoria in 1839 (which continued until its dissolution in 1850). By 1845, the county was declared to consist of the following geographic townships: Belleville , after an abortive attempt two years previously, was organized as a municipality with its own Board of Police in 1836, and

3145-451: The 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) water main project from about $ 8.1 million to $ 18.2 million. In December 2020, the federal government had announced new funding of $ 16.7 million to "cover the cost of extending the water mains" from the township of Deseronto and the MBQ's own water-treatment plants which will then be able to serve five areas in the Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory. This funding supports

3230-538: The Bay of Quinte First Nation The Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte (MBQ) ( Mohawk : Kenhtè:ke Kanyen'kehà:ka Mohawk pronunciation: [gʌ̃h'dè:ge ganjʌ̃ge'hà:ga] ) are a Mohawk community within Hastings County , Ontario. They control the Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory , which is a 7,362.5  ha (18,193- acre ) Mohawk Indian reserve on the Bay of Quinte in southeastern Ontario , Canada, east of Belleville and immediately to

3315-649: The Belleville Waterworks was created as a private company, which was then bought by the city of Belleville in 1889. In 1911, Hastings County was the first in the province to appoint a reforestation committee, which was instrumental in passing laws around county forests. Postal service began in the area in 1913. By 1927 the original townships had each formed separate governance and many of them had been partitioned due to increase in population and development. The 1927 townships were: Following World War II , more efficient communication and transportation led

3400-687: The Canadian government wrote a memorandum explaining why they wouldn't allow a return to the hereditary system, explaining that firstly, while the Six Nations and Oneida Nation of the Thames did still operate under the traditional system, they would be brought under the Indian Act system eventually (and they were, in 1924); secondly, the Canadian government felt the traditional system was cumbersome and antiquated, and "includes selection of chiefs by old women in their dotage." Into January 1919, despite

3485-544: The Governor-General. In February 1870, Superintendent Bartlett finally offered to name somebody to replace the late Powles Claus, as long as the community elected somebody to replace the late John Loft. However, this never took place. Instead, in October 1870, the first election under the new federal legislation took place. Seven men were elected following the Gradual Enfranchisement Act . Around this same time,

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3570-544: The H. Corby Distillery, and promoted the municipality. He also represented it in Parliament. Their son Henry Corby Jr. (Harry) took over the family business and continued to support the town: he donated funding to create the public library, helped develop the park at Massassaga Point, established the Corby Charitable Fund, helped raise funds to build the first bridge across the Bay of Quinte and donated

3655-469: The Indian Agent, prompting him to write letters complaining about them. On September 21, 1916, there was another installation of traditional chiefs: The women who certified this installation included Mrs. K. Hill (most likely Katherine Hill, mother of George Hill), S. B. (possibly a relative of Solomon Brant), and Mrs. Jane D. (most likely Jane Doreen, mother of William Doreen). In December 1918,

3740-482: The MBQ's and Deseronto's water treatment plant, thereby connecting "86 existing homes and several of the community's semi-public buildings". By 2021, there were about 2,200 people living on the Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte reserve with another 3,000 Mohawks living nearby. Of these, there are about 90 families "on a waiting list for affordable housing". The Tyendinaga Mohawk Council consists of one Chief and four Councillors, chosen during elections every two years, as per

3825-514: The Marmora Iron Works was approaching its peak production) mining was playing an increasingly more important role in the area's economy. Prominent citizens of Hastings County and Ameliasburgh Township unsuccessfully petitioned the provincial government for district status during 1817, 1818, 1823 and 1825. After Prince Edward County successfully achieved its own government in 1831, Hastings County continued to send petitions throughout

3910-426: The Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte elected council took place in October 1870, where seven chiefs were elected to sit on the council. In 1995 the MBQ filed a claim on an area which covers 923 acres of land surrounding the Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory area, which included most of the land upon which the township of Deseronto has been built. In 2003, the federal government entered into initial land claims negotiations on

3995-627: The Quinte Mall along Bell Boulevard (south of Highway 401) in North Belleville. In January 2017 a Shorelines Casino opened on Bell Boulevard. January February March May June July Belleville Jazz Festival August September November December The Belleville Senators play in the American Hockey League (AHL) and began play in the 2017–18 season as the top minor league affiliate of

4080-682: The Sir James Whitney School. Belleville's city hall operates in a building first constructed in 1873 to house the public market and administrative offices. It was designed in the High Victorian Gothic style and retains much of its original appearance. In 1877, Belleville was legally incorporated as a city. In 1998, the city was amalgamated with the surrounding Township of Thurlow to form an expanded City of Belleville as part of Ontario-wide municipal restructuring. The city also annexed portions of Quinte West to

4165-508: The Town of Bancroft. On 1 January 2001, the Municipality of Hastings Highlands was incorporated by amalgamating the contiguous townships of Bangor, Wicklow & McClure, Herschel and Monteagle. Also in 2001, the Village of Marmora amalgamated with the surrounding townships of Marmora and Lake to form the Municipality of Marmora and Lake. As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Hastings County had

4250-596: The Tyendinaga tract of land was officially set aside under Crown Treaty 3½, signed on April 1, 1793, by Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe and thereafter known as the 'Simcoe Deed'. This tract of land, measuring 37,500  ha (92,700 acres ) was legally accepted by the British Crown, and subsequently by the Upper Canada government. A wave of Loyalists also settled in the Bay of Quinte area, and

4335-420: The administration of the county government. Hastings County (named for Francis Rawdon-Hastings ) was first organized for electoral purposes in 1792, with its boundaries described as being: bounded on the east by the westernmost boundary of the county of Lenox , on the south by the bay of Quinte , until it meets a boundary on the easternmost line of the river Trent , thence along the river until it intersects

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4420-482: The appointment of a new elected council headed by Josiah Hill, the "Thunder Water council" continued to meet and enact resolutions. They locked the council house doors to what they referred to as the "appointed elected council," and warned the Indian Agent G. M. Campbell that "he is not a governor or ruler of this band of Indians on Tyendinaga Reserve, only a servant to the said band of Indians." Finally, in February 1919

4505-646: The birthplace of the Great Peacemaker , Dekanahwideh, who was instrumental in the bringing together the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca into the Haudenosaunee Confederacy , according to Kayanesenh Paul Williams, a Six Nations lawyer and author. The traditional land of the MBQ, which was much more vast that the current territory, was based on a variation of the traditional Mohawk name of Joseph Brant , Thayendanegea , which means "two pieces of fire wood beside each other". In

4590-431: The bottom of the declaration affirming the above chiefs. Though many members of the community supported a return to a traditional council, the government of Canada did not allow it. In 1915, supporters of Thunder Water, a man who was interested in the education of indigenous people, the improvement of women's rights, and a traditional form of governance, ran for council. His supporters were elected, which greatly displeased

4675-559: The colonial government for control of the land). In addition, Mohawk and others joined the existing communities of Kahnawake , Kanesatake , Wahta and Akwesasne (the latter four were mostly Mohawk settlements established along the St. Lawrence River during the colonial era prior to the war). In 1869, the Gradual Enfranchisement Act was passed by the Canadian federal government, establishing elected band councils on First Nations reserves. The first election for

4760-425: The community (Seth W. Hill, John Loft, and William Maracle). Ultimately, the Superintendent called an end to widespread community-internal elections between 1860 and 1870, claiming that "they're a great deal of trouble, and much ill feeling was caused by the intemperance and excitement." Seth W. Hill was removed from council for intemperance in 1860, and replaced at an election by William J. W. Hill. In 1863, John Loft

4845-479: The community is called Kenhtè:ke , which means "on the bay" (from Mohawk kénhte "bay", which is also the origin of the word "Quinte"). The Cayuga name is Tayęda:ne:gęˀ or Detgayę:da:negęˀ , 'land of two logs'. The nation's band number is 164. The territory of the Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte (MBQ), represent one of the largest First Nations territories in Ontario. Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory has ties to

4930-576: The conversion of over 60 community members to Methodism and their subsequent exodus to the Grand River , the number of chiefs on the Quinte Mohawk council was reduced by two, resulting in a council size of four, referred to as "the old chiefs ," Brant Brant, Powles Claus, Joseph Pinn, and one other. In 1843, owing to frustration among the community with how the old chiefs were organizing things, as well as complaints of their alcoholism and

5015-432: The elected council composed of Thunder Water supporters passed a motion abolishing elections, announcing a return to a life chief system. This was rejected by the government of Canada, and the election was to go forward in 1918. Only pro-election candidates were nominated for election, but since that led to only five men being nominated, the nominees were acclaimed into their council positions with no election. In January 1919,

5100-562: The final phase in the "multi-phase project to improve access to safe drinking water for the MBQ community. The federal government and the First Nation invested a combined total of $ 18.2 million towards the project, which will "ultimately lift five long-term drinking water advisories in the community". This final phase has been contracted out to Gordon Barr Limited, who began construction work in December 2020. The new water mains will link

5185-467: The first official imposition of a government structure by Canada on indigenous governments), the three wrote a letter to an Indian Affairs official to implore them to see the value in their traditional ways of governance. In May 1869, the old chiefs wrote another letter alongside others in the community asking to be exempted from the upcoming legislation. The Gradual Enfranchisement Act , passed on June 22, 1869, instituted official band council elections under

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5270-490: The following: Many other manufacturing sector companies operate within the City of Belleville, including Bioniche Life Sciences, Sprague Foods, Airborne Systems Canada Ltd, Berry Plastics Canada, CPK Interior Products, Hanon (formerly Halla) Climate Control Canada, Reid's Dairy, Parmalat Canada – Black Diamond Cheese Division and Norampac Inc . Belleville is home to two shopping malls: The Bay View Mall in east-end Belleville and

5355-437: The founders of Belleville. He built a sawmill and grist mill. After an 1816 visit to the settlement by colonial administrator Sir Francis Gore and his wife, Lady Annabella Gore, it was renamed as Belleville in her honour. Henry Corby , who arrived in 1832 with his new wife Alma Williams (they had married before immigrating), settled in Belleville. He was a merchant, setting up a grocery store and other businesses. He founded

5440-652: The government granted many of them land in the Tyendinaga Tract. During the period from 1820 to 1843, the Mohawk lost two-thirds of the treaty lands of the Simcoe Deed. Additional land loss has left the Mohawk with only 7,100  ha (18,000 acres ) in this area today. The major new settlement for the Mohawk and other Iroquois in Canada was the Six Nations Reserve of the Grand River (where prominent Mohawk leader Joseph Brant struggled with

5525-422: The jurisdiction of the Canadian Ministry for Indian Affairs. Under the 1869 act, councils were elected by men aged 21 years and older, with one chief and two "secondary chiefs" per 200 people in the community. The term of office under the act was 3 years, though the legislation also allowed "life chiefs" that were in power when the legislation was enacted to remain in their role until death, resignation, or removal by

5610-514: The land and development of Corby Park. In 1836 Belleville became an incorporated village. By 1846, it had a population of 2040. Several stone buildings were soon constructed, including a jail and court house, as well as some of the seven churches. Transportation to other communities was by stagecoach and, in summer, by steamboat along the lake. Two weekly newspapers were published. The post office received mail daily. Several court and government offices were located here. In addition to tradesmen, there

5695-427: The locks were broken. On the 4th of that month, a general council meeting with the community was held, and the supporters of the Thunder Water council passed a motion empowering Chief Joseph J. Brant to pursue legal action against the Agent-appointed council. Another motion was passed to seek deeds and treaties from Ottawa, including the " Haldimand Deed ," "the constitution of the proclamation of Sir William Johnson," and

5780-616: The north shore of Lake Ontario, is also in an unfavourable location for lake effect snow. One notable exception, however, was in December 2010 when 14 cm of snow occurred in one day as a result of a snow band from Lake Ontario. The summer months do not typically experience exceedingly hot temperatures, however, humidity levels can make daytime highs uncomfortable. Summer rainfall is usually modest and delivered by passing thunderstorms or warm fronts. Remnants of tropical systems do pass through on occasion towards summer's end, resulting in one or two days of consistently wet weather. The winter season

5865-491: The poor decision they had made, the community got together to change the government structure. From this point on, the government was composed of four chiefs and four councilmen, who managed administrative needs such as finances and letter-writing, while the chiefs led the community more broadly. A little while after this, the structure was changed again, so that government consisted of two chiefs and two councilmen, who were chosen by "their equals" (i.e. other "warriors"), as well as

5950-534: The protection of the government as Christians. On October 15, 1889, there was again a selection of chiefs in the traditional way. The chief titles were filled as follows: This selection was once again done with help from people from Six Nations, and in consultation with women in the community, including Katherine Brant (likely the mother of Joseph I. Brant), Lina Brant, Lucy Sero, Margaret Jo Brant, Cecilia Ann Brant (mother of Jeremiah Hill), Rachel Maracle, and Mary John (sister of Peter John), whose names are listed at

6035-399: The railroad. In August 1866, discovery of gold at Eldorado, near Madoc , caused great excitement throughout Hastings County as people flooded to the area from all over North America. According to Barnes, "gold has been found in twenty-seven locations spread over nine townships." The railroads and 170 miles (270 km) of good gravel roads opened these areas to settlement by 1880. In 1889

6120-420: The rear of the ninth concession, thence by a line running north sixteen degrees west until it intersects the river Ottawa or Grand river , thence descending the said river until it meets the northwesternmost boundary of the county of Addington ; and the said county of Hastings to comprehend all the islands of the bay of Quinte and the river Trent nearest to the said county, in the whole or in greater part fronting

6205-403: The region under Quinte Health Care . The corporate headquarters of Quinte Health Care is located in the Belleville location. The Academy of Learning College is a local college located on the east end of Belleville. Loyalist College is a local public community college located on the border of Belleville and Quinte West on Wallbridge Loyalist Road. The public school system is served by

6290-615: The same. For the initial elections to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada , it was united with Northumberland County and most of Lennox County for purposes of returning one member. It was situated within the Mecklenburg District , which was later renamed the "Midland District" in 1792. In 1798, the Parliament of Upper Canada passed legislation to provide, that, at the beginning of 1800: ...

6375-599: The son of the earlier councillor Wellington Green, who was installed in a traditional council in 1919. Belleville, Ontario Belleville is a city in Ontario , Canada situated on the eastern end of Lake Ontario , located at the mouth of the Moira River and on the Bay of Quinte . Belleville is between Ottawa and Toronto , along the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor . Its population as of

6460-585: The town began to offer municipal water service. In 1870, Ontario's first school for the deaf was established in Belleville. Under Dr. Charles B. Coughlin, the school was recognized as making a significant contribution to special education. Originally called the Ontario Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, the facility was renamed as Ontario School for the Deaf. In 1974, it was renamed as

6545-561: The townships of Sidney, Thurlow, the tract of land occupied by the Mohawks, Huntingdon, Hungerford, and Rawdon, do constitute and form the county of Hastings. The territory withdrawn from the County continued to form part of the Midland District. In 1821, the newly surveyed townships of Elzevir, Madoc and Marmora were added to the county. While in this time agriculture was the most important industry in Hastings County, by 1822 (when

6630-399: The west of Deseronto . They also share Glebe Farm 40B and the Six Nations of the Grand River reserves with other First Nations. The community takes its name from a variant spelling of Mohawk leader Joseph Brant 's traditional Mohawk name, Thayendanegea (standardized spelling Thayentiné:ken), which means 'two pieces of fire wood beside each other'. Officially in the Mohawk language ,

6715-743: The west of the township of Deseronto . Following the American Revolution , the Mohawk, who were allies of the British Crown, lost their traditional homelands in the Mohawk Valley of what became New York state, when they were forced to cede their lands following the defeat of the British. As compensation for their allegiance, the Crown offered them unsettled land in Upper Canada . A group of Mohawk led by John Deseronto selected

6800-505: The west. Late-20th-century franchises founded here include the Dixie Lee Fried Chicken chain in 1964 and, in 1978, Journey's End Corporation 's economy, limited-service hotel chain. Belleville is located at the mouth of the Moira River on the Bay of Quinte in southeastern Ontario between the cities of Quinte West to the west and Napanee to the east. These cities are connected by both Ontario's Highway 2 and

6885-465: Was Solomon J. Wright. This petition to the Ministry of Indian Affairs included the names of nearly four hundred community members. And yet, elections under the Indian Act system continued. Evidence of continued frustration by Indian Agents indicates that supporters of traditional councils continued to run for and get elected to the elected council. Elected councils have continued to operate following

6970-608: Was designated as the district seat in 1837. It was constituted as a town under the Baldwin Act in 1850, and later became a city in 1877. Edward Fidlar became the first warden of Hastings County with their first meeting on January 28, 1850. By this time the Hastings County Council was also interested in education and the building of the railroad. On October 27, 1856, the first railroad train arrived in Belleville and by 1864 around 100 people were employed by

7055-422: Was dismissed from council also due to intemperance, but was not replaced, leaving a council of four. In 1866, the last remaining of the four "old chiefs" Powles Claus died, reducing the council further to three. Historical evidence indicates that the community had selected Seth Powless to replace the old chief, but he was a controversial figure and not accepted by the whole community—some thought he had "made himself"

7140-505: Was some small industry, three cloth factories, a paper mill, two grist mills, three tanneries and two breweries. The seventeen taverns outnumbered the churches and most businesses. The oldest surviving residence within the original boundaries, 67 South Front Street, was built by Alexander Oliphant Petrie in 1814. With the completion of the Grand Trunk Railway in 1856, Belleville became an important railway junction. Added to

7225-453: Was the first council elected under the Indian Act , enacted April 1876. Solomon Loft resigned on December 28, 1896. This council tried to return the governance system of the Nation to the traditional life chief system, but was prevented by the Canadian government. This council kept meeting after the following council was appointed, locking the council house doors to them. Nelson Green is

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