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33-404: Along the route to Scatinavia, as described by Pliny, were unexplored islands (named Oeonae by Pliny) with people who were rumoured to have "ears of such extraordinary size as to cover the rest of the body, which is otherwise left naked" (see Panotii ). On neighboring islands, "human beings are produced with the feet of horses" (see Hippopodes ), Pliny wrote. Leaving these unfamiliar lands behind,

66-408: A coat of arms had to be created for the newly acquired province, as each province was to be represented by its arms at the royal funeral. There are several theories about the choice of a lion. Bengt Algotsson , duke of Halland and Finland in the 14th century, used a lion in his personal arms, blazoned Azure, a Lion rampant Argent langued and armed Gules. The same coat of arms was later granted for

99-769: A trader travelling from Skiringssal , close to the Oslofjord to Hedeby in the 870s it can be concluded that Halland was a Danish area at that time. It would stay so for most of recorded history. Iron extraction is known to have taken place in Hishult and Tvååker / Sibbarp during the Iron Age. As part of the Scanian lands (then part of the Kingdom of Denmark ) Halland came under the Scanian Law and participated in

132-578: A traveller will enter the nation of the Ingaevones in Germania , where, according to Pliny, "we begin to have some information upon which more implicit reliance can be placed". In this more familiar territory is a mountain range called Saevo , which stretches all the way to a large promontory called "of the Cimbri " ( Cimbrorum ), which ends in a gulf called Codanus . It is here, in this gulf, that

165-692: A tribe called the Teutoni could be found. In Tacitus 's Germania from around 98 AD, tribes called the Sitones and the Suiones are mentioned as inhabitants in neighboring lands. The Suiones are described as living "in the sea", which has generally been interpreted as meaning "living on an island". The area described by Tacitus has therefore sometimes been treated as being the equivalent of Pliny's island Scatinavia , although variants on Scandiae and Scandinavia are not names used by Tacitus for this region. In

198-403: Is described by Flemming Lundgreen-Nielsen, professor, Department of Scandinavian Studies and Linguistics, University of Copenhagen as follows: "By means of fantastical etymologies and bold combinations of historical and scientific facts, Olaus Rudbeck showed that Sweden was the cradle of mankind and all early civilization, identifiable with Plato 's lost continent of Atlantis . He considered

231-691: Is served by the Counties of Sweden . However, the province of Halland is almost coextensive with the administrative Halland County , though parts of the province belong to Västra Götaland County and Skåne County , while the county also includes parts of Småland and Västergötland . As of 31 December 2023, Halland had a population of 351,508. During the Danish era until 1658, the province had no coat of arms and no seal. In Sweden, however, every province had been represented by heraldic arms since 1560. When Charles X Gustav of Sweden suddenly died in 1660

264-538: Is shown in the number of new settlements and the numerous archaeological remains. Over 1,100 tumuli and grave mounds have been found. The end of the Bronze Age witnessed an over-consumption of resources . Large areas were deforested. This might have been a result of a high demand for charcoal in smelting gold or bronze among the local elites. The worsening climate at the beginning of the Iron Age meant that

297-443: Is spoken and in the south the spoken language is a variety of Scanian . As early as the 13th century, southern Halland was given as duchy to a branch of the Danish royal family. In the 14th century, it was given to various relatives and friends of Danish and Swedish royal families, such as Bengt Algotsson (during 1353–1357). Since 1772 Swedish royal princes have been nominated dukes of provinces without political significance. Such

330-665: The Helveconae of the southern Baltic coast. Finding ways to equate Pliny's Hilleviones, Tacitus' Suiones and Jordanes' Suehans was a goal pursued with special vigor in the 17th century by the Rudbeckians of the Swedish Hyperborean School, who hoped to show that Sweden was not only the home of the original Goths , but also the "womb of mankind". In the center of this movement was Uppsala professor and poly-scientist Olaus Rudbeck (1630–1702), whose work

363-495: The Scanian War . The more peaceful conditions that followed meant that the province could start to develop again. The 19th century saw the farming develop quickly to become one of the more efficient in the country by the end of the century. Parts of the province did however remain poor and erosion and blown sand remained a problem for much of the century. The county did therefore see a lot of emigration , continuing well into

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396-591: The Sub-Cambrian peneplain , an ancient erosion surface that covers much of eastern Sweden. Loose flint nodules of Cretaceous age have been found around Halland. The flints are remnants of a former cover of sedimentary rock that has been eroded. At present the sedimentary cover continues to exist in Scania , Denmark and offshore. The Bronze Age was probably a period of relative prosperity in Halland. This

429-618: The Swedish language to be the mother of all other tongues and saw Greek and Roman mythology as distorted versions of now-lost Swedish proto-myths." The efforts to construct a long, glorious history for Sweden became a political aim at the time of the Thirty Years War and culminated with the era of Swedish expansionism . Oeonae The Oeonae or Oönæ were a mythical human race appearing in works of classical geography such as Pomponius Mela 's De situ orbis and Pliny

462-525: The 20th century. The 20th century has seen the province becoming one of the fastest growing in Sweden, as it has doubled its population since World War II . This is in part due to the northern parts, such as Kungsbacka and Onsala , more or less becoming suburbs of Gothenburg . During Danish rule, privileges to towns in Halland were granted to: Such privileges have no official significance nowadays. Hundreds of Sweden were provincial divisions until

495-622: The 2nd century AD, Ptolemy mentions four islands of Skandiai in his Geographia . On the largest island, Skandia, can be found seven different tribes, including the Geats ( Goutai ) and the Daukiones , but none of the other five tribes mentioned by Ptolemy occur in the writings of the two earlier geographers as inhabitants of the island. Some 20th-century scholars, including the American etymologist Kemp Malone (1889–1971), have argued that

528-494: The 5th and 6th century large free-standing farms were created; they grew larger as time passed. An example of such a farm can be found in Slöinge . It was not just the social structure that changed, so too did the settlement structure . New villages were formed, while old ones were abandoned. The new centers that were formed became the kernel from which new areas were settled during medieval times. According to information from

561-672: The 6th century AD, Jordanes wrote that among the many tribes inhabiting the island of Scandza were the Suehans and the Hallins . By the early 9th century AD the name Suehans was being used for Swedes , although, according to the scholar James Boykin Rives, "it is very difficult to assess the degree of ethnic continuity here, since it was a common practice in Carolingian times as well as earlier to apply old names to new people." Since

594-550: The Elder 's Natural History . They were said to subsist exclusively on oats and the eggs of marsh birds, and to share an island with the Panotti and Hippopodes .(Mela iii. § 56). This article about a legendary creature is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Halland Halland ( Swedish pronunciation: [ˈhǎlːand] ) is one of the traditional provinces of Sweden ( landskap ), on

627-580: The Scanian Thing , one of three Things electing the Danish king. Local assemblies took place in Getinge . Halland was the scene of considerable military action from the 13th century and on as Sweden , Denmark and to some degree Norway fought for supremacy in Scandinavia . The many wars made the province poor. Not only were material damages caused by military action, but the social impact of

660-528: The administrative Halland County, which has almost the same boundaries. The rivers of Viskan , Ätran , Nissan and Lagan flow through the province and reach the sea in Kattegat . Halland is well known for its fertile soil and as an agricultural district. Most of the region is made up of a relief unit known as the Sub-Mesozoic hilly peneplain . Around Morup and Tvååker hilltops are remnants of

693-463: The early 20th century, when they lost importance. Halland's hundreds were: Faurås Hundred , Fjäre Hundred , Halmstad Hundred , Himle Hundred , Höks Hundred , Tönnersjö Hundred , Viske Hundred and Årstad Hundred . The language varieties spoken in Halland are together called halländska , though they belong to two main dialectal groups. In northern Halland a variation of the Götaland dialect

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726-407: The fighting was devastating; people lacked the motivation to invest in their land and properties as it was likely to be destroyed anyway. The county was the site of combat and plunder three times during the 13th Century: in 1256 Haakon IV of Norway invaded, followed by Magnus III of Sweden in 1277 and Eric VI of Denmark in 1294. The county came to be split in two parts for the next century, with

759-593: The island of Scatinavia can be found. The section that mentions the Hilleviones is short: In another chapter of Naturalis Historia , Pliny mentions an island called Tyle (Book 4, Chapter 104) All the classical geographers who wrote about this region during the first six centuries AD name different tribes as the inhabitants of the main Scandinavian "island". Shortly before Pliny, Pomponius Mela wrote about Codannovia (also assumed to be Scandinavia) where

792-404: The local elites no longer could obtain bronze to the same extent as before. As a result, the social structures collapsed. The early Iron Age social structures seem to have been relatively egalitarian , but from around 200 AD there was a trend in which villages formed larger communities and small kingdoms . This is likely to have been a distant influence from the growing Roman Empire . During

825-660: The major battles of the Northern Seven Years' War , the battle of Axtorna , took place in Halland. Halland was temporarily (for a period of 30 years) transferred to Sweden in 1645 under the terms of the Second Treaty of Brömsebro . The conquest was later made permanent by the ceding of the province in the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658. The last battle in Halland took place in Fyllebro on 17 August 1676, during

858-457: The name Hilleviones only appears in Pliny, several attempts have been made to connect the name with different tribes mentioned in other classical texts and with different ethnic groups of the modern era. A solution offered by some late 19th century and early 20th century scholars is that Hilleviones is a corruption of the phrase ille and (S)uiones , but this approach requires an alteration of

891-412: The name, in contradistinction to Pliny, who got his information from the west." Malone goes on to argue that Ptolemy also based his account about the island Skandia and its Scandinavian tribes on western sources, and that this is the reason that Ptolemy does not have any Suiones or "Swedes" among the tribes on Skandia, but may instead have placed them among the tribes on the southeastern Baltic coast. In

924-463: The original text. (Similar references to "textual errors" or "corruption of the archetype manuscript" were also used by early 20th century scholars in order to equate Ptolemy's Leuonoi with the Suiones mentioned by Tacitus.) Another idea is that the Hilleviones were an early population of Halland in Sweden . This idea is based on discussions about a common root in the two names and suggestions that

957-471: The reason for the differences between Pliny, Tacitus and Ptolemy when it comes to names and tribes is that their informants came from different regions, mainly familiar with the parts of Scandinavia closest to their own location: "The name Scadinavia (with its variant forms) reached the classical world through western sources, and ... Tacitus, whose information about the North came from the east, knows nothing of

990-592: The river Ätran forming a boundary. The lords of the two parts succeeded each other in a high tempo. As the Kalmar Union was formed, Halland came for a brief period of time to be centrally located. According to the union treaty, the king was to be elected in Halmstad . During the rebellion of Engelbrekt in 1434 the fortress in Falkenberg was burnt down and two years later Lagaholm  [ sv ]

1023-519: The tribe name has been preserved in the name of the province. If so, the Hilleviones could be the same as the Hallin , of Scandza , who are mentioned by Jordanes . Hilleviones could be segmented Hill-eviones , where the -eviones would have the same etymology as for the Auiones . The Hil- or Hal- therefore would represent the name of the people. Other scholars have suggested a possible connection to

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1056-492: The western coast of Götaland , southern Sweden . It borders Västergötland , Småland , Scania and the sea of Kattegat . Until 1645 and the Second Treaty of Brömsebro , it was part of the Kingdom of Denmark . Its name means Land of Rocky Slabs (Swedish: hällar ) referring to the coastal cliffs of especially the northern part of the region. The provinces of Sweden serve no administrative function. Instead, that function

1089-706: Was captured by the Swedes. The Swedo-Danish struggles in the early 16th century came to affect the province as well, as in 1519 when the border regions were sacked by the Swedes as a vengeance for similar Danish action in Västergötland . The Danish civil war called the Count's Feud in 1534–1536, the Northern Seven Years' War between Denmark-Norway and Sweden in 1563–1570 and the Kalmar War between Denmark-Norway and Sweden in 1611–1613 all affected Halland. One of

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