Inés Rodena (April 20, 1905 in Havana, Cuba – April 15, 1985 in Miami, USA ) was a Cuban radio and television writer.
41-1095: Before becoming a writer Rodena worked as a nurse. Through her experiences with her patients and stories recounted by people with whom she came in contact, her passion for writing was born. In the 50s she wrote her first novel, La Gata (The Cat) for radio, which was a great success. In 1968 she brought La Gata to television with great success under the production of the Venezuelan state television channel. In 1969 she went to work at Radio Caracas Television . In 1971, she recorded La usurpadora (The Usurper). Agnes' novels all met with great success, being recorded in Mexico, Venezuela and other Latin American countries. Rachel , Rina , Viviana , Los ricos también lloran (The Rich Also Cry), and Rosa salvaje (Wild Rose) are some of her greatest hits. She died on April 15, 1985, aged 79. Radio Caracas Television Radio Caracas Televisión ( RCTV and sometimes referred to as
82-655: A submarine cable . The 600-episode telenovela El Derecho de Nacer , created by Félix B. Caignet and starring among others Raúl Amundaray, Conchita Obach and Amalia Pérez Díaz [ es ] , which debuted in 1966, would help define the network's drama programming in the latter half of the decade. In 1970, RCTV began using the first chromatic signals during the broadcast of the World Cup in Mexico (the same World Cup where Venezuelans were able to see Pelé make his one thousandth goal). Unfortunately, by pressure from
123-493: A lesser extent), would make a comeback, get cancelled, make another comeback, and get cancelled again before making another comeback. The latest reincarnation of Alerta began airing on 27 October 2006 and was hosted by Alexandra Belandia. Alerta was originally hosted by Eladio Larez, the future president of RCTV. On 31 March 1976, RCTV's transmissions were suspended for 72 hours by the first government of Carlos Andrés Pérez for issuing "false and tendacious news", in regard to
164-721: A new transmitting station located in the neighborhood of La Colina in which it remained the main frequency until the network's closure on 27 May 2007 after the government of president Hugo Chavez refused to renew the broadcasting license. In the month of July, RCTV began its regular service to the interior of the country. A repeater antenna was installed in Altamira, south of Lake Valencia , allowing RCTV to reach, by way of channel seven, Valencia , Maracay , and surrounding towns. Later, RCTV put into service their repeater antenna in Curimagua, Falcón State , so that their signal could reach
205-400: A program titled El Farol , which was then followed by a program sponsored by Cigarrillos Alas that was directed by Peggy Walker which featured Alfredo Sadel (who had just returned from New York City in time for RCTV's inauguration). The first voice that identified the network was that of Héctor Myerston. The following day, RCTV began transmitting its regular programming on channel 7 on
246-514: A result of Camay's popularity, RCTV began producing more telenovelas, which became an important part of the network's programming throughout the years. In the 1950s, telenovelas contained between 20 and 25 episodes, with each episode lasting 15 minutes (about three minutes were allocated to advertisements ), and were televised live. In December 1954, RCTV began broadcasting simultaneously on channels two, seven and ten. In early 1955, RCTV began to transmit exclusively to Caracas, on channel two, from
287-469: A result of the arrival of the videotape technologies. By 1964, telenovelas with sole sponsors disappeared with the release of La Novela del Hogar (which came on at 2:00 p.m.), La Novela de Pasión (which came on at 2:25 p.m.), and La Novela Romantica (which came on at 2:55 p.m.). La Tirana (1967, created by Manuel Muñoz Rico), was the first telenovela to be aired on Saturdays. On 16 May 1965, RCTV placed into service their transmitters at
328-509: A transmitter located in the high barren plain of El Zumbador. On 24 August 1963, RCTV was given the exclusive rights to broadcast the inauguration of the General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge over Lake Maracaibo . On this day, RCTV launched their first transmission via microwave transmitters from the antennas in Curimagua and Maracaibo. The use of the electronic pointer was incorporated. On every 17 December between
369-535: The Canal de Bárcenas ) is a Venezuelan over-the-top streaming service and formerly a free-to-air television network headquartered in the Caracas neighborhood of Quinta Crespo and owned by Empresas 1BC . Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV) was inaugurated on 15 November 1953 by William H. Phelps, Jr. . Its radio counterpart was Radio Caracas Radio . On 27 May 2007, president Hugo Chávez decided to shut down
410-712: The Mérida cable car . Thanks to this equipment, RCTV's signal covered the entire Andean region of Venezuela. By 1967, there were seven television networks on the air in Venezuela. They included Radio Caracas Televisión, Venevisión, Cadena Venezolana de Televisión (CVTV), Canal 11 Televisión, Televisora Nacional in Caracas, Teletrece in Valencia, and Canal 11 in Maracaibo. Because of the exaggerated number of channels, both for
451-553: The llanos of the Apure State ). Although it was filmed in color (RCTV was the second network to begin broadcasting in color after VTV in 1971 produced what would be the republic's first ever color TV program), it was broadcast in black and white. This was the first Venezuelan miniseries that was later broadcast to countries in Europe and the first program dubbed into another language as well as its first ever color production. In
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#1732800861259492-645: The Falcon State and the Netherlands Antilles. The network also began service to the state of Lara by way of channel three, transmitting from Mount Manzano in Barquisimeto . On 31 October 1957, RCTV began its first service from Puerto La Cruz to cover the northeastern region of Venezuela on channel 3 via relay. In 1958, after the fall of dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez on 23 January of that year, RCTV began airing La Voz de la Revolución ,
533-538: The VHF band, presenting programs such as ' El Observador Creole ', Cuento Musical Venezolano , Tontín y Tontona , the police adventures of Roy Martin , and the adventures of Kid Carson , to name a few. El Observador Creole was Venezuela's first regular newscast, presented by the Creole Petroleum Corporation (a subsidiary of Standard Oil of New Jersey ). At the start, Francisco Amado Pernía hosted
574-495: The Venezuelan media regulator's finding that it was a domestic media provider. On 7 September 2015, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruled that the refusal to renew the concession was an "indirect restriction on the exercise of freedom of expression [...] aimed at impeding the communication and circulation of ideas and opinions", that the government violated the right to due process and that it must restore
615-465: The audience and the national publicity market, this number, at the beginning of the 1970s, was reduced to four (two private and two official). In 1968, RCTV launched Sabado Espectacular , a variety show created and hosted by Amador Bendayan . The show later moved to Venevision , where it was renamed Sabado Sensacional and is currently known as Super Sabado Sensacional hosted by Leonardo Villalobos . On 17 July 1969, RCTV brought to their viewers
656-424: The broadcast of a variety show. On 17 September 1961, RCTV put into use their first videotape system, a technology which permitted the consolidation of recordings of sounds and images. Also in 1961, a major fire affected eighty percent of the operating facilities of the network. As a result of this event, RCTV went on the air with an emergency programming. Later in 1961, the network expanded its broadcasts to
697-512: The channel by refusing to renew their broadcast concession , accusing the channel of being involved in the 2002 coup d'état in Venezuela , which briefly overthrew his government. The Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ) upheld the National Commission of Telecommunications (CONATEL) decision. RCTV continued to broadcast via pay television on RCTV Internacional. In January 2010, RCTV was sanctioned with temporary closure. It rejected
738-518: The city of Puerto Cabello from an antenna located at the naval base in that city. In 1962, RCTV, in a resolve to demonstrating a technological advancement for the network, began producing its programs electronically through a locally manufactured editing machine for camera footage. Also in 1962, RCTV began broadcasts to the state of Táchira and the Norte de Santander Department in Colombia from
779-601: The concession for RCTV. The Venezuelan government has ignored the ruling. In 2010, the Council on Foreign Relations described RCTV as "the most important independent television station in Venezuela". Radio Caracas Televisión, C.A. was established on 18 August 1953 by the Corporación Radiofónica de Venezuela (more commonly known as Coraven, a subsidiary of the Grupo Phelps and RCA ), whose mission
820-558: The country's first major kids' program, Popy (featuring Diony Lopez in the title role of a clown), which ran for 13 seasons (1973 to 1986), a program that would set the standard for children's programming. On 23 June 1974, RCTV signed on new transmitters officially debuting broadcasts via Channel 3 on Ciudad Bolívar , and in July the Puerto Ordaz transmitter signed on, bringing network programming on Channel 2 in that area. In 1974,
861-503: The entire state and the Netherlands Antilles on channel 10. This station was one of the most modern stations in the moment of its installation. Also in 1955, the morning show that projected Renny Ottolina to national fame made its national premiere. Lo de Hoy came on at 7:30 a.m. and lasted until 9:00 a.m. It was an adaptation of NBC 's Today Show , and as a result of the record audience that it obtained,
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#1732800861259902-473: The first commercial radio station in Venezuela, 1 Broadcasting Caracas . After finishing his studies at Lawrenceville School and getting a BSc in 1926 from Princeton University , he published over 78 books on the birds of Venezuela with his wife Katherine Deery Phelps, in which they described their discovery of more than 200 new species. Together they organized about 100 expeditions that helped collect over 1,000 species of birds. A direct result of his research
943-464: The first international broadcast: a news conference with the Apollo 11 American astronauts that were traveling to the moon the next day. On 20 July, RCTV broadcast live and direct the arrival of these astronauts to the moon. Armando Enrique Guía, Hernán Pérez Belisario, and Gustavo Rada were in charge of the transmission which counted a satellital antenna , a channel of microwave transmitters and
984-504: The first political talk show to air in Venezuela. On 15 July 1958 Los Melódicos made their performance debut on RCTV programme Su Revista Musical . In 1959, Tito Martinez Del Box , a producer from Argentina , created the comedy series La Gran Cruzada del Buen Humor , later known as Radio Rochela . In 2001, Radio Rochela made the Guinness World Records for being on the air for over five decades uninterrupted (it
1025-474: The government, the network was obligated to use electronic filters. On 16 November 1971, Producciones Cinematográficas Paramaconi, C.A., a company affiliated with RCTV that specializes in cinematography, was established. On 30 August 1973, RCTV inaugurated a transmitting station in Punta de Mulatos, between La Guaira and Macuto , to offer a better signal in the region. It was the same year that RCTV launched
1066-467: The kidnapping of the American businessman William Niehous , then president of Owens-Illinois Venezuela . This was RCTV's first shut down by the government. In 1977, the "cultural telenovela" appeared with La Hija de Juana Crespo and then La Señora de Cárdenas , with both of them captivating their audience with stories that went from the wish of over coming economically and professionally, to infidelity and turbulent marriages. On 5 January 1978, there
1107-721: The mid-1970s, RCTV created the 2 de Oro award as an incentive for the network's artists and talents. The most recent 2 de Oro was held on 15 April 2007. The 2 de Oro 2004 was held 7 November 2004, and the 2 de Oro 2003 was held on 7 November 2003 (there was no 2 de Oro awards in 2005 and 2006). Other (defunct) award shows that aired on RCTV were the Ronda and Meridiano . In 1975, RCTV began selling broadcasting rights to some of its programs to television companies overseas, with some of them being translated and dubbed into more than 15 languages and transmitted in more than 40 countries. The three hundred episode telenovela, La Usurpadora ,
1148-485: The miniseries Doña Bárbara began airing. In just 48 episodes each lasting two hours, José Ignacio Cabrujas brought to television the classic novel authored by Rómulo Gallegos in 1929 and later creating into a trilogy with Canaima and Cantaclaro . Under the direction of the Argentine producer Juan Lamata and with César Bolívar in charge of photography, eighty percent of this production was filmed outdoors (mainly in
1189-424: The mountains southeast of Puerto la Cruz and Barcelona to offer a higher quality signal by way of channel three to Isla Margarita , Cumaná , Barcelona, Puerto La Cruz, and surrounding areas in the states of Sucre and Anzoátegui . Later, RCTV inaugurated the transmitters on Pico Terepaima, to the south of Barquisimeto, to serve with quality the states of Lara, Yaracuy, and Portuguesa by way of channel three, and
1230-498: The one in Maracaibo , covering with better image and sound the state Zulia. In November, from Pico Zamuro, Trujillo , RCTV began transmitting its signal to the towns of Trujillo , Valera , Biscucuy , Boconó , Guanare , and their surrounding areas. In the 1960s, the number of episodes contained in each telenovela increased, with each one episode lasting between 30 and 60 minutes long, also telenovelas were no longer made live as
1271-517: The presence of the Minister of Communications, Colonel Félix Román Moreno, the proprietors of the network, and a small group of special guests. In charge of the inauguration was William H. Phelps, Jr. , the founding president of the new company, and his wife, Kathy Phelps. The first program that was aired by the newly inaugurated network was the musical Fiesta , which hosted by Ramírez Cabrera and sponsored by Cerveza Caracas. Afterwards, RCTV aired
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1312-624: The second commercial network after Televisa. On 8 October, during RCTV's testing phase, the inaugural game of the XIV World Cup of Baseball was broadcast. This game matched Cuba and Venezuela and took place at the recently opened stadium of the Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas . The official inauguration of RCTV took place at its studios located between the corners of Bárcenas and Río in Quinta Crespo, and had
1353-758: The show was extended to two hours. In 1958, Ottolina left Lo de Hoy , and went on to host his very own variety show, El Show de Renny . In March 1956, the operations of the repeater station of Isla de Toas commenced, by which, on channel two, RCTV's signal arrived in Zulia State . In September 1956, RCTV installed an antenna in Pariata, to serve what is now Vargas State . In 1957, RCTV expanded their coverage to reach almost all of Venezuela, offering an uninterrupted signal of high quality. In January 1957, RCTV improved their installations at Curimagua and were able to offer an uninterrupted and higher quality signal to
1394-498: The then new news program from Monday to Saturday and on Sunday the newscast had Cristóbal Rodríquez Pantoja as presenter. El Observador Creole remained on the air for almost twenty years, being replaced by El Observador Venezolano , and then relaunched as El Observador . RCTV's first board of directors included José Marcano Coello, Peter Bottome , Armando Enrique Guía, Guillermo Tucker Arismendi, William H. Phelps , Jr., and Antonio Ortol. In 1954, Anecdotario appeared. This
1435-528: The years 1963 and 1969, RCTV presented, and reran by popular demand, a made-for-TV movie that re-created the death of Simón Bolívar . Written by Alfredo Cortina, starred by the Peruvian actor Luis Muñoz Lecaro (Simón Bolívar), directed by José Antonio Ferrara, and presented by Ruben Darío Villasmil, El Ocaso de un Sol made its mark by being one of the first productions by RCTV recorded on videotape. In 1964, RCTV began using their new transmitters located in
1476-547: Was RCTV's first telenovela broadcast abroad. Also in 1975, RCTV launched Alerta , a controversial current affairs program that took a look into various social situations in Venezuela. Shortly after Luis Herrera Campins assumed the presidency in 1979, Alerta was taken off the air as a result of a highly controversial report that was conducted on the children's mental hospital located in Catia La Mar . Alerta , as well as Primer Plano and A Puerta Cerrada (the latter to
1517-605: Was another major fire at RCTV's studios. Fortunately, this fire was nowhere near as damaging as the fire of 1961. It was the very same year that it began test color broadcasts for special events only. William H. Phelps, Jr. William Henry Phelps Jr. (December 25, 1902 – August 13, 1988) was a Venezuelan ornithologist and businessman. He was born in San Antonio de Maturín , a town located in Monagas , Venezuela. Along with his father, William Henry Phelps , he founded
1558-590: Was seen every Monday at 8:00 pm). By the end of the 1950s, there existed five television channels in Venezuela: the state channel Televisora Nacional and private channels Televisa, Radio Caracas Televisión, Televisa del Zulia, and Ondas del Lago Televisión. By the 1960s, the American television network, CBS, had purchased a twenty percent stake in RCTV. In 1961, RCTV, with the help of their radio counterpart, began their first experiments with stereo sound during
1599-415: Was that of launching a television network. In the month of September, Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV) began test broadcasts on channel seven using the call sign YVKS-TV, and on 15 November, the network was officially inaugurated at 7:30 pm. RCTV was the third television network to begin operations in Venezuela after Televisora Nacional and Televisa , seen on channels five and four, respectively, and
1640-633: Was the creation of the Venezuelan Museum of Ornithology with one of the most important libraries and collections in South America. In recognition of his research the University of Exeter created a fellowship in his honor to fund Venezuelan graduate students interested in zoology . In 1953 he founded one of the most important Venezuelan television stations, Radio Caracas Televisión , and served as its president for 34 years. He died in
1681-414: Was the first cultural program that theatrically represented great works of literature . It was directed by Margarita Gelabert and César Henríquez. Other cultural programs similar to Anecdotario included Kaleidoscopio , Teatro del Lunes , Gran Teatro , Ciclorama , Cuentos del Camino , and Candilejas . Later that year, RCTV debuted their first telenovela , Camay , which was on at 9:00 p.m. As