91-922: The Irish Wildlife Trust has been a nature conservation charity and lobbyist in Ireland since 1979. It was renamed from the Irish Wildlife Federation. The head office is based in Glasnevin , in Dublin. One of the founders of the Irish Wildlife Trust was well known Irish naturalist Eamonn de Buitléar Similar to the UK based Wildlife Trusts the IWT is made up of local branches and volunteers, with branches in Dublin, Laois/Offaly, Galway, Cork, Waterford, Kerry, Longford/Westmeath and Cavan. However,
182-582: A century after St Mobhi's death in 544. St. Columba of Iona is thought to have studied under St. Mobhi, but left Glasnevin following an outbreak of plague and journeyed north to open the House at Derry; there is a long street (Iona Road) in Glasnevin named in his honour and the church on Iona Road is called Saint Columba's. A settlement grew up around the monastery, which survived until the Viking invasions in
273-798: A century. In 1354, though in exile and without control of his ancestral lands, John, the MacDougall heir , quitclaimed any rights he had over Mull and Iona to the Lord of the Isles (though this had no meaningful effect at the time). When Robert's son, David II , became king, he spent some time in English captivity; following his release, in 1357, he restored MacDougall authority over Lorn. The 1354 quitclaim, which seems to have been an attempt to ensure peace in just such an eventuality, took automatic effect, splitting Mull and Iona from Lorn, and making it subject to
364-506: A graveyard for both Protestants and Catholics. It is said that Robert Emmet is buried there, this claim being made because once somebody working in the graveyard there dug up a headless body. By now Glasnevin was an area for "families of distinction" - in spite of a comment attributed to the Protestant Archbishop of Dublin , William King that " when any couple had a mind to be wicked, they would retire to Glasnevin ". In
455-466: A letter, dated 1725 he described Glasnevin as " the receptacle for thieves and rogues [..] The first search when anything was stolen, was there, and when any couple had a mind to retire to be wicked there was their harbour. But since the church was built, and service regularly settled, all these evils are banished. Good houses are built in it, and the place civilised. " Glasnevin National School
546-473: A number of 13th century ruins, including a church and cloister. By the 1760s little more of the nunnery remained standing than at present, though it is the most complete remnant of a medieval nunnery in Scotland. After a visit in 1773, the English writer Samuel Johnson remarked: He estimated the population of the village at 70 families or perhaps 350 inhabitants. In the 19th century, green-streaked marble
637-469: A permit under certain exemptions". Visitors will find the village, the shops, the post office, the cafe, the hotels and the abbey are all within walking distance. Bike hire is available at the pier, and on Mull. Taxi service is also available. Conde Nast Traveller recommends the island for its "peaceful atmosphere ... a popular place for spiritual retreats" but also recommends the "sandy beaches, cliffs, rocks, fields and bogs ... "wildflowers and birds such as
728-639: A result of his involvement in the Battle of Cul Dreimhne . Columba and twelve companions went into exile on Iona and founded a monastery there. The monastery was hugely successful and may have played a role in the conversion to Christianity of the Picts and Gaels of present-day Scotland in the late 6th century, and was certainly central to the conversion of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria in 635. Many satellite institutions were founded, and Iona became
819-696: A round shape; known as 'The Ink Bottle' this building was replaced in 1911. Also present are Glasnevin Educate Together National school , North Dublin National School Project, Scoil Mobhi, St. Brigid's GNS, St. Columba's NS and St.Vincent's CBS. There are several Roman Catholic secondary schools in the area St Vincent's (Christian Brothers) School , Scoil Chaitríona and St Mary's (Holy Faith) Secondary School. The main campus of Dublin City University lies on
910-517: A wealth of fine architectural detail and monuments of many periods. The enabling endowments, the core economic strength and life-blood of the Abbey came from successive Clan Donald Lords of the Isles and for 300 years were regularly confirmed, honoured, protected, increased and expanded. Endowments had "carta confirmations" and additional ones made by them during the 14th and 15th centuries as late as 1440 and 1485. Donald of Harlaw (1386-1421): "gave lands to
1001-537: Is "Columba".) This confusion would have arisen because ì , the original name of the island, would have been confused with the now-obsolete Gaelic noun ì , meaning "island", which was derived from the Old Norse word for island ( ey ). Eilean Idhe means "the isle of Iona", also known as Ì nam ban bòidheach ("the isle of beautiful women"). The modern English name comes from yet another variant, Ioua , which arose either from Adomnán 's 7th century attempt to make
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#17327987588281092-722: Is a member of the Irish Environmental Network (IEN) and receives core funding from the Department of Communication Climate Action and Environment through the IEN. The IWT is also a member of the European Environmental Bureau and Sustainable Water Network (SWAN). The IWT has been involved in a number of high profile campaigns since its foundation from salmon poaching to protection of vulnerable habitats and most recently in opposition in
1183-681: Is also a parish in the Fingal South West deanery of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dublin . It is served by the Church of Lady of Dolours on the banks of the River Tolka. A timber church, which originally stood on Berkeley Road, was moved to a riverside site on Botanic Avenue early in the twentieth century; the altar in this church was from Newgate prison in Dublin. It served as the parish church until it
1274-503: Is also located at the botanic gardens. Prospect Cemetery is located in Glasnevin, although better known as Glasnevin Cemetery , the most historically notable burial place in the country and the last resting place, among a host of historical figures, of Michael Collins , Éamon de Valera , Charles Stewart Parnell and also Arthur Griffith . This graveyard led to Glasnevin being known as "the dead centre of Dublin". It opened in 1832 and
1365-646: Is an island in the Inner Hebrides , off the Ross of Mull on the western coast of Scotland . It is mainly known for Iona Abbey , though there are other buildings on the island. Iona Abbey was a centre of Gaelic monasticism for three centuries and is today known for its relative tranquility and natural environment. It is a tourist destination and a place for spiritual retreats . Its modern Scottish Gaelic name means "Iona of (Saint) Columba " (formerly anglicised as "Icolmkill"). In 2019, Iona's estimated population
1456-490: Is bordered to the northwest by Finglas , northeast by Ballymun and Santry , Whitehall to the east, Phibsborough and Drumcondra to the south and Cabra to the southwest. Glasnevin was reputedly founded by Saint Mobhi (sometimes known as St Berchan) in the sixth (or perhaps fifth) century as a monastery. His monastery continued to be used for many years afterwards - St. Colman is recorded as having paid homage to its founder when he returned from abroad to visit Ireland
1547-833: Is located on the Northside of the city of Dublin (about 3 km north of Dublin city centre). It was established on the northern bank of the River Tolka where the stream for which it may be named joins, and now extends north and south of the river. Three watercourses flow into the Tolka in the area. Two streams can be seen near the Catholic "pyramid church", the Claremont Stream or Nevin Stream, flowing south from Poppintree and Jamestown Industrial Estate branches, and what
1638-661: Is played by local clubs Tolka Rovers, Glasnevin FC, and Glasnaion FC. Basketball is organised by Tolka Rovers. Tennis is played in Charleville Lawn Tennis Club which was founded in 1894 and took its name from the original location at the corner of the Charleville and Cabra Roads. The move to its present location on Whitworth Road took place in 1904. Hockey is also played in Botanic Hockey club on
1729-691: Is sometimes called the "Cemetery Drain" coming north from the southern edge of Glasnevin Cemetery. In addition, a major diversion from the Wad River comes from the Ballymun area, joining near the Claremont Stream. The boundaries of Glasnevin stretch from the Royal Canal to Glasnevin Avenue and from the Finglas Road to the edges of Drumcondra. It spans the postal districts of Dublin 9 and 11, and
1820-419: Is the final resting place for thousands of ordinary citizens, as well as many Irish patriots. Approaching Glasnevin via Phibsboro is what is known as Hart's Corner but which about 200 years ago was called Glasmanogue , and was then a well-known stage on the way to Finglas. At an earlier date, the name possessed a wider signification and was applied to a considerable portion of the adjoining district. At
1911-744: The Central Fisheries Board , the National Standards Authority of Ireland , Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland , the Department of Defence and the national enterprise and trade board Enterprise Ireland are all located in the area. The house and lands of the poet Thomas Tickell were sold in 1790 to the Irish Parliament and given to the Royal Dublin Society for them to establish Ireland's first Botanic Gardens . The gardens were
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#17327987588282002-556: The Cenél Loairn (i.e. Lorn , as it was then). The island was the site of a highly important monastery (see Iona Abbey ) during the Early Middle Ages . The monastery was founded in 563 by the monk Columba , also known as Colm Cille, who sailed here from Ireland to live the monastic life. Much later legends (a thousand years later, and without any good evidence) said that he had been exiled from his native Ireland as
2093-504: The New Statistical Account and it may arise from a misunderstanding of the name Cladh nan Druineach , which means 'burial ground of the embroideresses or artificers' – a cemetery on the east shore of the island. He also repeats a Gaelic story (which he admits is apocryphal) that as Columba's coracle first drew close to the island one of his companions cried out "Chì mi i " meaning "I see her" and that Columba's response
2184-539: The Nunnery are here. The Abbey and MacLeod Centre are a short walk to the north. Port Bàn (white port) beach on the west side of the island is home to the Iona Beach Party. There are numerous offshore islets and skerries : Eilean Annraidh (island of storm) and Eilean Chalbha (calf island) to the north, Rèidh Eilean and Stac MhicMhurchaidh to the west and Eilean Mùsimul (mouse holm island) and Soa Island to
2275-573: The River Tolka . While primarily residential, Glasnevin is also home to the National Botanic Gardens , Glasnevin Cemetery , the National Meteorological Office, and a range of other state bodies, and Dublin City University has its main campus and other facilities in and near the area. Glasnevin is also a civil parish in the ancient barony of Coolock . A mainly residential neighbourhood, Glasnevin
2366-419: The 1920s and the present shape of the suburb was in place by 1930. Among the developers who built estates in the area were Alexander Strain and his son-in-law George Linzell . Linzell built the first individual house built in the international style in Ireland, Balnagowan House , on St. Mobhi Boithrin in the late 1920s. The start of the 20th century also saw the opening of a short-lived railway station on
2457-545: The Abbey and other ecclesiastical properties and the marble quarry or to enjoy the nine beaches that are within walking distance of the main area. Not to be confused with the local island community, Iona (Abbey) Community is based within Iona Abbey. In 1938 George MacLeod founded the Iona Community, an ecumenical Christian community of men and women from different walks of life and different traditions in
2548-616: The Augustinian nunnery, "the most complete nunnery complex to survive in Scotland". The nunnery was founded by Somerled's son, Reginald, as was Iona Abbey and Saddell Abbey. Reginald's sister, Beathag, was the first Prioress of the Iona Nunnery. The nunnery declined after the Scottish Reformation but was still used as a burial place for women. In front of the Abbey stands the 9th century St Martin's Cross, one of
2639-581: The Christian church committed to seeking new ways of living the Gospel of Jesus in today's world. This community is a leading force in the present Celtic Christian revival. The Iona Community runs three residential centres on the Isle of Iona and on Mull , where one can live together in community with people of every background from all over the world. Weeks at the centres often follow a programme related to
2730-601: The Drumcondra and North Dublin Link Railway line from Glasnevin Junction to Connolly Station (then Amiens Street). Glasnevin railway station opened on 1 April 1901 and closed on 1 December 1910. The village has changed a lot over the years, and is now fully part of Dublin city. As well as the amenities of the National Botanic Gardens (Ireland) and local parks, the national meteorological office Met Éireann ,
2821-578: The Duke of Argyll by Hugh Fraser in 1979 and donated to the National Trust for Scotland . In 2001 Iona's population was 125 and by the time of the 2011 census this had grown to 177 usual residents. During the same period Scottish island populations as a whole grew by 4% to 103,702. The estimated permanent population in 2020 was 120. The island's tourism bureau estimated that roughly 130,000 visitors arrived each year. Many tourists come to visit
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2912-533: The Gaelic name fit Latin grammar, or spontaneously, as a derivative of Ivova ("yew place"). The change in the island's name from Ioua' to Iona , which is attested from c. 1274, resulted from a transcription error due to the similarity of "n" and "u" in Insular Minuscule script. Despite the continuity of forms in Gaelic from the pre-Norse to the post-Norse era, Haswell-Smith (2004) speculates that
3003-625: The IWT sees itself as a single nationwide organisation rather than a federation of smaller, independent organisations though some separate conservation groups have become affiliated with the IWT through common interest such as Groundwork (International Volunteer Conservation Work Camps in National Parks ), Bat Conservation Ireland (Umbrella Organisation for Bat Groups around Ireland) and Badgerwatch Ireland (Organisation involved in Badger Conservation, Welfare and Awareness). The IWT
3094-613: The Irish Meteorological Office, designed by Liam McCormick , opened on Glasnevin Hill, on the site of a former juvenile detention centre, Marlborough House. The Met Éireann building is a pyramidal shape and was originally to be covered in Welsh Slate, however, an indigenous material was deemed more appropriate, and the selected Irish stone curled and had to be replaced by metal sheeting. It is recognised as one of
3185-567: The Lordship of the Isles. Iona remained part of the Lordship of the Isles for the next century and a half. Following the 1491 Raid on Ross , the Lordship of the Isles was dismantled, and Scotland gained full control of Iona for the second time. The monastery and nunnery continued to be active until the Reformation , when buildings were demolished and all but three of the 360 carved crosses destroyed. The Augustine nunnery now only survives as
3276-539: The Norse domination of the west coast of Scotland advanced, Iona became part of the Kingdom of the Isles . The Norse Rex plurimarum insularum Amlaíb Cuarán died in 980 or 981 whilst in "religious retirement" on Iona. Nonetheless, the island was sacked twice by his successors, on Christmas night 986 and again in 987. Although Iona was never again important to Ireland, it rose to prominence once more in Scotland following
3367-564: The Ocean and Càrn Cùl ri Éirinn (the Hill/ Cairn of [turning the] Back to Ireland), said to be adjacent to the beach where St. Columba first landed. The main settlement, located at St. Ronan's Bay on the eastern side of the island, is called Baile Mòr and is also known locally as "The Village". The primary school, post office, the island's two hotels, the Bishop's House and the ruins of
3458-768: The Old Finglas Road. Glasnevin Boxing Club and football (soccer) club have a clubhouse on Mobhi road. Billy Whelan , one of the eight Manchester United players who lost their lives in the Munich air disaster of 6 February 1958, was born locally and is buried in Glasnevin Cemetery. There are several primary schools in Glasnevin. These include Lindsay Road National School ( Presbyterian patronage) and Glasnevin National School ( Church of Ireland patronage), founded by Dean Swift and constructed in
3549-618: The Ross of Mull pluton cross the sound to the east. Numerous geological faults cross the island, many in an E-W or NW-SE alignment. Devonian aged micro diorite dykes are found in places and some of these are themselves cut by Palaeocene age camptonite and monchiquite dykes ascribed to the "Iona-Ross of Mull dyke swarm ". More recent sedimentary deposits of Quaternary age include both present day beach deposits and raised marine deposits around Iona as well as some restricted areas of blown sand. Iona lies about 2 kilometres (1 mile) from
3640-580: The best-preserved Celtic crosses in the British Isles , and a replica of the 8th century St John's Cross (original fragments in the Abbey museum). The ancient burial ground, called the Rèilig Odhrain (Eng: Oran's "burial place" or "cemetery"), contains the 12th century chapel built by Somerled where the Lords of the Isles were buried and named after St Odhrán (said to be Columba 's uncle). It
3731-814: The border between Glasnevin, Whitehall and Santry, and the DCU Alpha centre is in central Glasnevin. Teagasc also run horticultural education courses from the College of Amenity Horticulture in the Botanic Gardens. Glasnevin is part of the Dáil Éireann constituency of Dublin Central and Dublin North-West . Iona Iona ( / aɪ ˈ oʊ n ə / ; Scottish Gaelic : Ì Chaluim Chille [ˈiː ˈxal̪ˠɪm ˈçiʎə] , sometimes simply Ì )
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3822-442: The centre of one of the most important monastic systems in Great Britain and Ireland. Iona became a renowned centre of learning, and its scriptorium produced highly important documents, probably including the original texts of the Iona Chronicle, thought to be the source for the early Irish annals . The monastery is often associated with the distinctive practices and traditions known as Celtic Christianity . In particular, Iona
3913-495: The cloister arcade of the Abbey, and the Abbey museum (in the medieval infirmary). The ancient buildings of Iona Abbey are now cared for by Historic Environment Scotland (there is an entrance charge to visit them). The remains of a marble quarrying enterprise are present in a small bay on the south-east shore of Iona. The quarry is the source of "Iona Marble", a translucent green and white stone, much used in brooches and other jewellery. The stone has been known of for centuries and
4004-403: The coast of Mull . It is about 2 km (1 mi) wide and 6 km (4 mi) long with a resident population of 125. Like other places swept by ocean breezes, there are few trees; most of them are near the parish church. Iona's highest point is Dùn Ì, 101 m (331 ft), an Iron Age hill fort dating from 100 BC – A.D. 200. Iona's geographical features include the Bay at the Back of
4095-413: The concerns of the Iona Community. The 8 tonne Fallen Christ sculpture by Ronald Rae was permanently situated outside the MacLeod Centre in February 2008. Visitors can reach Iona by the 10 minute ferry trip across the Sound of Iona from Fionnphort on Mull . The most common route from the mainland is via Oban in Argyll and Bute , where regular ferries connect to Craignure on Mull, from where
4186-440: The earliest recorded names of the island meant something like "yew-place". The element Ivo- , denoting " yew ", occurs in inscriptions in the ogham alphabet ( Iva-cattos [genitive], Iva-geni [genitive]) and in Gaulish names ( Ivo-rix , Ivo-magus ); it may also be the basis of early Gaelic names like Eógan (ogham: Ivo-genos ). The island's name may also be related to the name of a mythological figure, Fer hÍ mac Eogabail ,
4277-425: The early 8th century. Iona itself did not adopt the Roman system until 715, according to the Anglo-Saxon historian Bede . Iona's prominence was further diminished over the next centuries as a result of Viking raids and the rise of other powerful monasteries in the system, such as the Abbey of Kells . The Book of Kells may have been produced or begun on Iona towards the end of the 8th century. Around this time
4368-444: The eastern coast facing Mull are steeply dipping Neoproterozoic age metaconglomerates , metasandstones , meta mudstones and hornfelsed meta siltstones ascribed to the Iona Group , described traditionally as Torridonian . In the southwest and on parts of the west coast are pelites and semipelites of Archaean to Proterozoic age. There are small outcrops of Silurian age pink granite on southeastern beaches, similar to those of
4459-432: The eighth century. After raids on monasteries at Glendalough and Clondalkin , the monasteries at Glasnevin and Finglas were attacked and destroyed. By 822 Glasnevin, along with Grangegorman and Clonken or Clonkene (now known as Deansgrange ), had become parts of the grange (farm) of Christ Church Cathedral and it seems to have maintained this connection up to the time of the Reformation . The Battle of Clontarf
4550-425: The establishment of the Kingdom of Scotland in the later 9th century; the ruling dynasty of Scotland traced its origin to Iona, and the island thus became an important spiritual centre for the new kingdom, with many of its early kings buried there. However, a campaign by Magnus Barelegs led to the formal acknowledgement of Norwegian control of Argyll, in 1098. Somerled , the brother-in-law of Norway's governor of
4641-441: The first location in Ireland where the infection responsible for the 1845–1847 Great Famine was identified. Throughout the famine, research to stop the infection was undertaken at the gardens. The 48 acres (190,000 m ) which border the River Tolka also adjoin the Prospect Cemetery . In 2002 the Botanic Gardens gained a new two-storey complex which included a new cafe and a large lecture theatre. The Irish National Herbarium
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#17327987588284732-556: The foster-son of Manannán , whose forename meaning "man of the yew". Coates (2006) disputes the "yew" interpretation due to a lack of archeological evidence for yew on the island. Coates instead compares the Punic term ’y ("island, isolated place"). Mac an Tàilleir (2003) has analyzed the more recent Gaelic names of Ì , Ì Chaluim Chille and Eilean Idhe . He notes that the name Ì was "generally lengthened to avoid confusion" to Ì Chaluim Chille , which means "Calum's Iona" or "island of Calum's monastery". ("Calum"'s latinized form
4823-429: The grounds which he considered too small for the size of the house. Through her correspondence with her sister, Mrs Dewes, Mary wrote of Swift in 1733: "he calls himself my master and corrects me when I speak bad English or do not pronounce my words distinctly". Patrick Delany died in 1768 at the age of 82, prompting his widow to sell Delville and return to her native England until her death twenty years later. Glasnevin
4914-408: The home of Delany and his second wife, Mary Pendarves . She was a widow whom Delany married in 1743, and was an accomplished letter writer. The couple were friends of Dean Jonathan Swift and, through him, of Alexander Pope . Pope encouraged the Delaneys to develop a garden in a style then becoming popular in England - moving away from the very formal, geometric layout that was common. He redesigned
5005-421: The house in the style of a villa and had the gardens laid out in the latest Dutch fashion creating what was almost certainly Ireland's first naturalistic garden. The house was, under Mrs Delany, a centre of Dublin's intellectual life. Swift is said to have composed a number of his campaigning pamphlets while staying there. He and his lifelong companion Stella were both in the habit of visiting, and Swift satirised
5096-414: The island's exemplary high crosses were sculpted; these may be the first such crosses to contain the ring around the intersection that became characteristic of the " Celtic cross ". The series of Viking raids on Iona began in 794 and, after its treasures had been plundered many times, Columba's relics were removed and divided two ways between Scotland and Ireland in 849 as the monastery was abandoned. As
5187-428: The island's name may be connected with the Norse word Hiōe , meaning "island of the den of the brown bear". The medieval English-language version of the name was "Icolmkill" (and variants thereof). Murray (1966) claims that the "ancient" Gaelic name was Innis nan Druinich ("the isle of Druidic hermits"), but there is no evidence for the "ancient" use of such a name before the nineteenth century when it appears in
5278-400: The island. The C20, however, saw the greatest period of influence on landscape painting, in particular through the many paintings of the island produced by F. C. B. Cadell and S. J. Peploe , two of the " Scottish Colourists ". As with many artists, both professional and amateur, they were attracted by the unique quality of light, the white sandy beaches, the aquamarine colours of the sea and
5369-463: The landscape of rich greens and rocky outcrops. While Cadell and Peploe are perhaps best known, many major Scottish painters of the C20 worked on Iona and visited many times – for example George Houston , D. Y. Cameron , James Shearer , John Duncan and John Maclauchlan Milne, among many. Samuel Johnson wrote "That man is little to be envied whose patriotism would not gain force upon the plains of Marathon or whose piety would not grow warmer amid
5460-535: The local taxi. The island of Iona has played an important role in Scottish landscape painting, especially during the Twentieth Century. As travel to north and west Scotland became easier from the mid C18 on, artists' visits to the island steadily increased. The Abbey remains in particular became frequently recorded during this early period. Many of the artists are listed and illustrated in the valuable book, "Iona Portrayed – The Island through Artists' Eyes 1760–1960" , which lists over 170 artists known to have painted on
5551-437: The monastery of Iona, and every immunity which the monastery of Iona had from his ancestors before him" – MacVurich. It might be expressed that Iona Abbey had been acting as a "(holy owned) land trust" for Clan Donald from Somerled who built St. Oran's Chapel. The 8th Duke of Argyll presented the sacred buildings and sites of the island to the Iona Cathedral trust in 1899. Historic Environment Scotland also recommends visiting
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#17327987588285642-511: The most significant buildings to be erected in Dublin in the 1970s. The tree-lined Griffith Avenue runs through Glasnevin, Drumcondra and Marino , and spans three electoral constituencies. Like nearby Griffith Park , it was named after Arthur Griffith , who was the founder and third leader of Sinn Féin , served as President of Dáil Éireann and is buried in Glasnevin Cemetery . A double-row of mature lime trees runs along both sides of Griffith Avenue from its junction with St Mobhi Road (in
5733-410: The noblest work of God". Limited archaeological investigations commissioned by the National Trust for Scotland found some evidence for ancient burials in 2013. The excavations, conducted in the area of Martyrs Bay , revealed burials from the 6th–8th centuries, probably jumbled up and reburied in the 13–15th centuries. Other early Christian and medieval monuments have been removed for preservation to
5824-443: The objectors was the property owner, Dr Henry Gogarty, the father of the Irish poet, Oliver St. John Gogarty . The combined areas of Drumcondra, Clonliffe and Glasnevin became a separate administrative unit, a township, in 1878. The township was merged into the City of Dublin in 1900, under the Dublin Corporation Act 1900 ( 63 & 64 Vict. c. cclxiv). George Hayward Lindsay's eldest son, Lieutenant Colonel Henry Gore Lindsay ,
5915-452: The one at Glasnevin) were forcibly closed, later falling into ruin. Glasnevin had at this stage developed as a village, with its principal landmark and focal point being its "bull-ring" noted in 1542. By 1667 Glasnevin had expanded - but not by very much; it is recorded as containing 24 houses. The development of the village was given a fresh impetus when Sir John Rogerson built his country residence - "The Glen" or "Glasnevin House" - outside
6006-408: The quarry, with little quarrying after 1914 and the operation finally closed in 1919. A painting showing the quarry in operation, The Marble Quarry, Iona (1909) by David Young Cameron , is in the collection of Cartwright Hall art gallery in Bradford. The site has been designated as a Scheduled Ancient Monument. The island, other than the land owned by the Iona Cathedral Trust, was purchased from
6097-423: The rare corncrake and puffins" as well as the "abundance of sea life". The Iona Council advises visitors that they can find a campsite (at Cnoc Oran), a hostel (at Lagandorain), family run bed and breakfasts and two hotels on the island in addition to several self-catering houses. The agency also mentions that distances are short, with the Abbey a mere 10 minutes walk from the pier. Tourists can rent bikes or use
6188-437: The region (the King of the Isles ), launched a revolt and made the kingdom independent. A convent for Augustinian nuns was established in about 1208, with Bethóc , Somerled's daughter, as first prioress. The present buildings are of the Benedictine abbey , Iona Abbey , from about 1203, dissolved at the Reformation . On Somerled's death, nominal Norwegian overlordship of the Kingdom was re-established, but de facto control
6279-474: The scenic road runs 37 miles (60 kilometres) to Fionnphort. Tourist coaches and local bus services meet the ferries. Car ownership is lightly regulated, with no requirement for a MOT Certificate or payment of Road Tax for cars kept permanently on the island, but vehicular access is restricted to permanent residents and there are few cars. Visitors are not allowed to bring vehicles onto the island although "blue badge holders with restricted mobility ... may apply for
6370-452: The site of the Church of St. Mobhi in the monastery. The returns of the church for 1326 stated that 28 tenants resided in Glasnevin. The church was enlarged in 1346, along with a small hall known as the Manor Hall. When King Henry VIII broke from Rome an era of religious repression began. During the Dissolution of the Monasteries , Catholic Church property and land were appropriated to the new Church of Ireland , and monasteries (including
6461-399: The south are amongst the largest. The steamer Cathcart Park carrying a cargo of salt from Runcorn to Wick ran aground on Soa on 15 April 1912, the crew of 11 escaping in two boats. On a map of 1874, the following territorial subdivision is indicated (from north to south): In the early Historic Period Iona lay within the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata , in the region controlled by
6552-419: The start of the 18th century a large house, known variously as The Glen and later as Delville, was built on the site of the present Bon Secours Hospital, Dublin . Its name, Delville, was an amalgamation of the surnames of two tenants, Dr. Helsam and Dr. Patrick Delany (as Heldeville), both fellows of Trinity College. When Delany married his first wife he acquired sole ownership, but it became more well known as
6643-429: The sum of 1,500 Pounds Sterling. Although this does not specifically cite the marriage of George Hayward Lindsay to Lady Mary Catherine Gore, George Lindsay almost certainly came into possession of the lands at Glasnevin as a result of his marriage. When Drumcondra began to rapidly expand in the 1870s, the residents of Glasnevin sought to protect their district and opposed being merged with the neighbouring suburb. One of
6734-402: The village. The plantations of Ireland saw the settlement of Protestant English families on land previously held by Catholics. Lands at Glasnevin were leased to such families and a Protestant church was erected there in 1707. It was built on the site of the old Catholic Church and was named after St. Mobhi. The church was largely rebuilt in the mid-18th century. The attached churchyard became
6825-482: The west) to its junction with Malahide Road (in the east), a distance of 2.81 km. It is reputed to be the longest tree-lined purely residential avenue in the northern hemisphere . Scouting is represented in Glasnevin by the 1st Dublin (L.H.O) Scout Troop located on the corner of Griffith Avenue and Ballygall Road East. The Gaelic games of Gaelic football , hurling , camogie and Gaelic handball are all organised locally by Na Fianna CLG , while soccer
6916-537: The year 563 to establish the Abbey, which still stands". Because the Hebrides have been successively occupied by speakers of several languages since the Iron Age , many of its islands' names have more than one possible meaning. Nonetheless, few, if any, have accumulated as many different names over the centuries as the island now known in English as "Iona". The place-name scholar William J. Watson has shown that
7007-479: The ‘Heritage Bill’ passed in 2017 which contains provisions to extend the legal hedge cutting and scrub burning season to include times when birds are breeding and nesting. Glasnevin Glasnevin ( Irish : Glas Naíon , meaning 'stream of the infants', also known as Glas Naedhe , meaning "stream of O'Naeidhe" after a local stream and an ancient chieftain) is a neighbourhood of Dublin , Ireland, situated on
7098-600: Was "Henceforth we shall call her Ì". The geology of Iona is quite complex given the island's size and quite distinct from that of nearby Mull. About half of the island's bedrock is Scourian gneiss assigned to the Lewisian complex and dating from the Archaean eon making it some of the oldest rock in Britain and indeed Europe. Closely associated with these gneisses are mylonite and meta-anorthosite and melagabbro. Along
7189-589: Was 120. In March 1980, the Hugh Fraser Foundation donated much of the main island (and its off-lying islands) to the current owner, the National Trust for Scotland . The abbey and some church buildings are owned by the Iona Cathedral Trust. One publication, describing the religious significance of the island, says that the island is "known as the birthplace of Celtic Christianity in Scotland,” and notes that “St Columba came here in
7280-686: Was a major supporter of the "Celtic" system for calculating the date of Easter at the time of the Easter controversy , which pitted supporters of the Celtic system against those favoring the "Roman" system used elsewhere in Western Christianity. The controversy weakened Iona's ties to Northumbria, which adopted the Roman system at the Synod of Whitby in 664, and to Pictland, which followed suit in
7371-557: Was also built during this period. In the 1830s, the civil parish population was recorded as 1,001, of whom 559 resided in the village. Glasnevin was described as a parish in the barony of Coolock , pleasantly situated and the residence of many families of distinction. On 1 June 1832, Charles Lindsay, Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin , and William John released their holdings of Sir John Rogerson's lands at Glasnevin, (including Glasnevin House) to George Hayward Lindsay. This transfer included
7462-660: Was commercially mined in the south-east of Iona; the quarry and machinery survive, see "Marble Quarry remains" below. Iona Abbey, now an ecumenical church, is of particular historical and religious interest to pilgrims and visitors alike. It is the most elaborate and best-preserved ecclesiastical building surviving from the Middle Ages in the Western Isles of Scotland . Though modest in scale in comparison to medieval abbeys elsewhere in Western Europe , it has
7553-481: Was credited with healing and other powers. While the quarry had been used in a small way, it was not until around the end of the 18th century when it was opened up on a more industrial scale by the Duke of Argyle. The difficulties of extracting the hard stone and transporting it meant that the scheme was short lived. Another attempt was started in 1907, this time more successful with considerable quantities of stone extracted and indeed exported. The First World War impacted
7644-715: Was defeated by Bruce, the latter exiled the MacDougalls and transferred their island territories to the MacDonalds; by marrying the heir of the MacRorys , the heir of the MacDonalds re-unified most of Somerled's realm, creating the Lordship of the Isles , under nominal Scottish authority. Iona, which had been a MacDougall territory (together with the rest of Lorn), was given to the Campbells , where it remained for half
7735-582: Was fought on the banks of the River Tolka in 1014 (a field called the bloody acre is supposed to be part of the site). The Irish defeated the Danes in a battle, in which 7,000 Danes and 4,000 Irish died. The 12th century saw the Normans (who had conquered England and Wales in the eleventh century) invade Ireland. As local rulers continued fighting amongst themselves the Norman King of England Henry II
7826-546: Was in possession of his father's lands at Glasnevin when the area began to be developed at the beginning of the twentieth century. Gradual development of his lands began in 1903/04 but Glasnevin remained relatively undeveloped until the opening up of the Carroll Estate in 1914, which saw the creation of the redbrick residential roads running down towards Drumcondra. The process was accelerated by Dublin Corporation in
7917-530: Was invited to intervene. He arrived in 1171, took control of much land, and then parcelled it out amongst his supporters. Glasnevin ended up under the jurisdiction of Finglas Abbey. Later, Laurence O'Toole , Archbishop of Dublin, took responsibility for Glasnevin and it became the property of the Priory of the Most Holy Trinity (Christ Church Cathedral). In 1240 a church and tower were reconstructed on
8008-406: Was recorded. None of these graves are now identifiable (their inscriptions were reported to have worn away at the end of the 17th century). Saint Baithin and Saint Failbhe may also be buried on the island. The Abbey graveyard is also the final resting place of John Smith , the former Labour Party leader, who loved Iona. His grave is marked with an epitaph quoting Alexander Pope : "An honest man's
8099-424: Was replaced, in 1972, by a structure resembling a pyramid when viewed from Botanic Avenue. The previous church was known locally as "The Woodener" or "The Wooden" and the new building is still known to older residents as "The new Woodener" or "The Wigwam". The church underwent some refurbishment work inside and in its grounds and car park during the first half of 2011. In 1975 the new headquarters of Met Éireann ,
8190-409: Was restored at the same time as the Abbey itself. It contains a number of medieval grave monuments. The abbey graveyard is said to contain the graves of many early Scottish Kings , as well as Norse kings from Ireland and Norway. Iona became the burial site for the kings of Dál Riata and their successors. Notable burials there include: In 1549 an inventory of 48 Scottish, 8 Norwegian and 4 Irish kings
8281-589: Was split between Somerled's sons, and his brother-in-law. Following the 1266 Treaty of Perth the Hebrides were transferred from Norwegian to Scottish overlordship. At the end of the century, King John Balliol was challenged for the throne by Robert the Bruce . By this point, Somerled's descendants had split into three groups, the MacRory , MacDougalls , and MacDonalds . The MacDougalls backed Balliol, so when he
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