Ironbark is a common name of a number of species in three taxonomic groups within the genus Eucalyptus that have dark, deeply furrowed bark .
66-419: Instead of being shed annually as in many of the other species of Eucalyptus , the dead bark accumulates on the trees, forming the fissures. It becomes rough after drying out and becomes impregnated with kino (red gum), a dark red tree sap exuded by the tree. The tree is so named for the apparent resemblance of its bark to iron slag . The bark is resistant to fire and heat and protects the living tissue within
132-427: A phlobaphene produced from kinotannic acid by oxidation. Kino also yields kinoin , a crystalline neutral principle. In cold water it is only partially dissolved, leaving a pale flocculent residue which is soluble in boiling water but deposited again upon cooling. It is soluble in alcohol and caustic alkalis , but not in ether . When exuding from the tree, it resembles red-currant jelly , but hardens in
198-566: A considerable extent in the East Indies as a cotton dye, giving to the cotton the yellowish-brown color known as nankeen . East India East India is a region of India consisting of the Indian states of Bihar , Jharkhand , Odisha and West Bengal and also the union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands . The states of Bihar and West Bengal lie on
264-435: A few hours after exposure to the air and sun. Kinos typically dry to an amber -like material. It consists of dark red angular fragments, rarely larger than a pea. Of the small angular glistening fragments, the smaller are reddish, and the larger are almost black; thin pieces are ruby red. It is brittle and easily powdered. It has no smell, but a very astringent taste. Kinos are used in medicine, tanning, and as dyes. Kino
330-406: A gargle when antiseptics became recognized as the rational treatment for sore throat. A medicinal tincture of kino was used as a gargle for the relaxation of the uvula ; it contained kino, glycerin, alcohol, and water. As they are usually soluble in water, kinos found use in traditional remedies: Eucalyptus kino is used by Aboriginal Australians in a tea for treating colds. Kino was employed to
396-816: A new industrial township. Modernist American architect Joseph Allen Stein , invited to head the newly formed Department of Architecture and Planning at the Bengal Engineering College in Calcutta, plunged into a major project as soon as he reached India in 1952 – the designing of Durgapur city with Benjamin Polk, another American architect already living in Calcutta. Thereafter it was the task of local leaders such as Ananda Gopal Mukherjee and bureaucrats such as K.K. Sen to get Durgapur going. Bihar has Patna , Bhagalpur , Darbhanga , Muzaffarpur , Gaya , Katihar and Purnia as important urban areas. Patna
462-437: A very dark red colour. Kino flow in angiosperms contrasts with resin flow in conifers . The word kino is of Indian origin. In Australia, "red gum" is a term for kino from bloodwood trees and red acaroid resin from Xanthorrhoea spp. Astringent tannin compounds are a major active component of kinos. The chief constituent of kino is kinotannic acid , of which it contains 70 to 80 per cent. It also contains kino red,
528-405: Is a botanical gum produced by various trees and other plants, particularly bloodwood species of eucalypts ( Angophora , Corymbia , Eucalyptus ) and Pterocarpus , in reaction to mechanical damage, and which can be tapped by incisions made in the trunk or stalk. Many Eucalyptus , Angophora and Corymbia species are commonly referred to as 'bloodwoods', as the kino usually oozes out
594-687: Is also a sacred city for Sikhs as the last Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, was born here. Bhubaneswar is the capital of the Odisha . Other Important Cities are Cuttack , Brahmapur , Rourkela , Paradeep , Jajpur , Bhadrak , Balasore , Sambalpur and Puri . The Capital city has a long history of over 2000 years starting with Chedi dynasty (around the 2nd century BCE) who had Sisupalgarh near present-day Bhubaneswar as their capital. Historically, Bhubaneswar has been known by different names such as Toshali, Kalinga Nagari, Nagar Kalinga, Ekamra Kanan , Ekamra Kshetra and Mandira Malini Nagari (city of temples) or
660-508: Is also developing excellent road infrastructure to boom its economy. Ganga expressway and elevated corridors are under some of the ongoing projects in the city. A world class museum is also on its way to completion. The old museum of the city will be replaced by one of the biggest mall in east India. Patna Metro rail corporations is also going to start soon by 2021. It would be the second metro railway in Eastern India after Kolkata and
726-734: Is also one of the fastest-growing states in India. West Bengal is the hub of industry and economic activities in Eastern India and it is also the home to the tallest skylines located in this region and are also one of the tallest buildings in the country. It is also the home of history of rising India. The Kolkata metropolitan area is spread over 1,886.67 km (728.45 sq mi) and comprises 3 municipal corporations (including Kolkata Municipal Corporation), 39 local municipalities and 24 panchayat samitis , as of 2011 . The urban agglomeration encompassed 72 cities and 527 towns and villages, as of 2006 . Suburban areas in
SECTION 10
#1732787160249792-633: Is an important pilgrimage centre for some Muslims nearby and from other places. In Bihar Village Harinagar Bajrang Bali temple is famous for Hindu people. Dakshineswar Kali Temple is a historical Kali temple in West Bengal . Kalighat Kali Temple in Kolkata is the most important of all Shakti Peethas in India. Belur Math in Kolkata is the headquarters of the Ramkrishna Mission founded by Swami Vivekananda . In Bihar, Gaya
858-470: Is by far the most industrialised city in Eastern India and the second planned city in India . It started with the first prime minister of independent India, Jawaharlal Nehru . His dream of transforming the backward agricultural country into an industrially advanced nation was picked up in West Bengal by then Chief Minister Bidhan Chandra Roy . At the earlier stages for the selection of a proper site for
924-622: Is known for temple for salvation of ancestors. Other places are Sultanganj in Bhagalpur and Vaidyanath Jyotirlinga in Deoghar , Jharkhand. Bodh Gaya is the city sacred to Buddhism . There are also other cities sacred to Jains in Bihar and Jharkhand. The region lies in the humid-subtropical zone, and experiences hot summers from March to June, the monsoon from July to October and mild winters from November to February. The interior states have
990-938: Is located at Infocity in Chandaka, Bhubaneswar with a view to provide incubation and infrastructure facilities to new and young entrepreneurs in the MSME sector, The intelligent building of the JSS STP is spread in a sprawling 3-acre (12,000 m ) campus and houses state-of-art technology to fulfil the growing demands of highly competent IT professionals. The Eastern India, particularly Odisha and Jharkhand, have rich mineral resources which resulted in economic boom in these two states. Several mineral based industries have been established in many cities of Odisha and Jharkhand namely Kalinganagar , Angul , Paradeep , Talcher , Rourkela , Damanjodi , Joda , Barbil , Choudwar , Jharsuguda Jamshedpur , Bokaro , Dhanbad and Ranchi . Bengali
1056-508: Is popular in all areas of eastern states. Among tribals of the region Hinduism is the dominant religion. Some tribals also follow their indigenous religions (Sarana). There are several places of pilgrimage for Hinduism . Puri in Odisha is one of the four holy City/Dham of Hindu religion and particularly known for Rath Yatra festival. Bhubaneswar is considered to be the "City of Temples". Konark houses an old sun temple . Bihar Sharif
1122-468: Is possible that the same plant is the source of the South American kino. Kino is not absorbed at all from the stomach and only very slowly from the intestine. The drug was frequently used in diarrhoea , its value being due to the relative insolubility of kinotannic acid, which enabled it to affect the lower part of the intestine. In this respect it is similar to catechu . It ceased being used as
1188-508: Is ranked 11th among Indian cities. and 42nd in the world in its list of 100 fastest-growing cities. As per the recommendations of the Sixth Central Pay Commission, Asansol has been listed as a Y-category city for calculation of HRA (House Rent Allowance) for public servants. It is one of the three non-Z category cities in West Bengal apart from Kolkata, which belong to the X category making it a tier-II city. Durgapur
1254-406: Is the area south of Park Street , which comprises thoroughfares such as Chowringhee Road , Camac Street , Wood Street, Loudon Street, Shakespeare Sarani , AJC Bose Road etc. The Maidan is a large open field in the heart of the city that has been called the "lungs of Kolkata" and accommodates sporting events and public meetings. The Victoria Memorial and Kolkata Race Course are located at
1320-521: Is the capital of the Bihar , its most populous city and the second most populous city in Eastern India. It is the administrative, industrial and educational centre of the state. Patna is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world. Ancient Patna, known as Pataliputra, was the capital of the Magadha Empire under the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Shunga, Gupta and Pala. Pataliputra
1386-509: Is the dominant language of Odisha . Odia is the only major classical language in east India and sixth Indian language to be considered as a classical language in the basis of being old and not borrowed from other languages. Languages of East India (2011) According to Indian National Mission for Manuscripts, after Sanskrit, Odia has the second-highest number of manuscripts. As per records there are around 2.13 lakhs ancient manuscript in Odia. In
SECTION 20
#17327871602491452-486: Is the dominant language of West Bengal. Hindi , Bhojpuri , Maithili , Magahi and Urdu are the dominant languages of Bihar. Hindi , Santali , Khortha and Nagpuri are the dominant language of Jharkhand; however, some tribals speak their own tribal languages. Jharkhand has accorded second language status to Angika , Bengali , Bhojpuri , Ho , Kharia , Kurukh , Khortha , Kurmali , Magahi , Maithili , Mundari , Nagpuri , Odia , Santali and Urdu . Odia
1518-509: Is the evaporated juice obtained from incisions in the trunk of Pterocarpus marsupium . In addition to kinos from these two species, Bengal or Butea kino from Butea frondosa and Australian, Botany Bay, or Eucalyptus kino from Eucalyptus siderophloia and Eucalyptus camaldulensis , were imported into the United States. A West Indian or Jamaica kino is believed to be the product of Coccoloba uvifera , or seaside grape. It
1584-543: The Austroasiatic language family and Dravidian language family . Major representatives of Autro-Asiatic language include the Mundari , Santali , and Ho . Dravidian languages include Kurukh , Kui and Pengo . About 80% of the population of East India is Hindu with significant Muslim and small Christian , Buddhist and tribal minorities. The Muslims constitute a very large minority in West Bengal with 27% of
1650-893: The British Empire . During the Neolithic period, agriculture started in South Asia. Neolithic settlements have been found in Chirand . In the Kabra-Kala mound at the confluence of the Son and North Koel rivers in Palamu district , various antiquities and art objects from the Neolithic to medieval periods have been found; the pot-sherds of redware , black and red ware , black ware, black slipped ware , and NBP ware are from
1716-955: The Chalcolithic to late medieval periods. There are ancient cave paintings in Isko, Hazaribagh district , from the Meso-chalcolithic period (9,000–5,000 BCE). From Kuchai, near Baripada , various Neolithic tools like hoes , chisels , pounders , mace heads , grinding stones and also pieces of pottery. Prehistoric paintings and inscriptions have also been found in Garjan Dongar in Sundergarh district , and Ushakothi in Sambalpur district and Vimkramkhol in Jharsuguda district . There has been an uncertainty about
1782-637: The Direct Action Day protests in Calcutta , leading to further communal violence across British India , the creation of Pakistan became inevitable. In 1947, further communal violence displaced millions as independence and partition of British India occurred. Some Bihari and Bengali Muslims fled to the newly created East Pakistan . Most East Bengal Hindus fled to India. The 1950s saw industrial progress in East India. These were cut short with
1848-702: The Eastern Metropolitan Bypass in the east—a span of 9–10 km (5.6–6.2 mi). The north–south distance is greater, and its axis is used to section the city into North, Central and South Kolkata. North Kolkata is the oldest part of the city. Characterised by 19th-century architecture and narrow alleyways, it includes areas such as Jorasanko , Maniktala , Ultadanga , Shyambazar , Shobhabazar , Bagbazar , Cossipore , Sinthee etc. The north suburban areas like Dum Dum , Baranagar , Belgharia , Sodepur , Khardaha , New Barrackpore , Madhyamgram , Barrackpore , Barasat etc. are also within
1914-689: The Indo-Gangetic plain . Jharkhand is situated on the Chota Nagpur Plateau . Odisha lies on the Eastern Ghats and the Deccan Plateau . West Bengal's capital Kolkata is the largest city of this region. The Kolkata Metropolitan Area is the country's third largest metropolitan region. The region is bounded by Bhutan , Nepal and the state of Sikkim in the north, the states of Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh on
1980-630: The List of Indian states by GDP . Odisha has shown consistent growth in the state GDP and received the recognition of the fastest-growing economy among the states in India . Nalanda , Puspagiri and Vikramshila universities were the famed institutions of higher learning in ancient India located in Eastern India. One of the first great universities in recorded history was the ancient Nalanda University located in Bihar and another institute of higher learning
2046-532: The TCS centre is ready and has a capacity to accommodate nearly 1,200 professionals but the software major has only 250 employees at present. The Finland telecommunication company, Nethawk, has its India R&D center at Bhubaneswar. The Canadian giant, Gennum Corporation has its India development centre at Bhubaneswar. The auditors Price water house Coopers Pvt. Ltd. also has a center in Bhubaneswar. The private STP
Ironbark - Misplaced Pages Continue
2112-610: The 6th century BCE, the mahajanapadas emerged in several parts of the Indian subcontinent. The region was the historical centre of the Nanda , Maurya , Shunga , Gupta and Pala empires that ruled much of the Indian sub-continent at their prime. In medieval India, it was incorporated into the Mughal , Maratha and then the British empire. After independence in 1947, the states joined
2178-696: The English founded Calcutta . The Maratha Invasion of Bengal badly affected the economy of Bengal and it is estimated that 400,000 people were butchered by the Hindu Maratha bargis and many women and children gang raped, and the genocide has been considered to be among the deadliest massacres in Indian history. In 1756, the British East India Company defeated the local Indian Muslim rulers in Plassey and established British Rule in
2244-712: The Indian Union and took their current form after the States Reorganisation Act of 1956. Today, they continue to face problems of overpopulation, environmental degradation and pervasive corruption despite significant economic and social progress. After the Kalinga War the Maurya king Ashoka sent emissaries to spread Buddhism across Asia. The university of Nalanda was in Bihar . Chinese travellers visited Buddhist and Hindu temples and libraries in
2310-609: The Kolkata metropolitan area incorporate parts of the following districts: North 24 Parganas , South 24 Parganas , Howrah , Hooghly and Nadia . Kolkata, which is under the jurisdiction of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC), has an area of 185 km (71 sq mi). The east–west dimension of the city is comparatively narrow, stretching from the Hooghly River in the west to roughly
2376-696: The Permanent Settlement of Bengal, was unpopular among the peasant cultivators and the numerous agricultural labourers found all over Bihar and Bengal (Khetmazdoors). The Indian Rebellion of 1857 started in Bengal . Eventually the British prevailed, and Calcutta remained capital of Britain's Asian dominions until 1911. During Gandhi 's independence movement, the Bihari village of Champaran was an important supporter of non-violent resistance. Great poets of
2442-448: The backbone of the economy dominated by Government. Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) and private organisations like Jindal, Vedanta and TATAS. Despite this rapid growth, an ample number of the populace live in slums. Migration from rural areas, especially from the northern districts of Andhra Pradesh , has led to the growth of slums which are a major challenge to the city's growth. The Government has fostered growth in this sphere by
2508-471: The burdens of India's IT and financial boom. There are many Satellite town also situated in Kolkata, some of them are Salt Lake , Rajarhat-New Town , Kolkata West International City , Kalyani , Calcutta Riverside . It is also known as City Of Joy . However, the mid-sized cities of Asansol , Durgapur , Siliguri in West Bengal are rapidly growing urban areas. West Bengal is the highest contributor of GDP among all other eastern state for India and it
2574-496: The capital of British India until 1911, is the biggest metropolis and economically dominant city of the region and third largest in India and one of the fastest-growing cities in the world. It is also the main centre of commerce or the commercial capital of Eastern and North-Eastern India. Kolkata is very fast transforming itself to become city equipped with every facilities for IT and ITES and also financial outsourcing hub and its satellites Salt Lake and Rajarhat-New Town are taken
2640-471: The city of Patna on the ruins of ancient Pataliputra . Islam arrived during the 7th century CE and became dominant gradually since the early 13th century with the advent of Muslim rulers as well as Sunni missionaries such as Shah Jalal in the region. Later, Muslim rulers, starting from the Delhi Sultanate initiated the preaching of Islam by building mosques. From the 14th century onward, it
2706-511: The city of Kolkata (as a metropolitan structure). Central Kolkata hosts the central business district. It contains B.B.D. Bagh , formerly known as Dalhousie Square and the Esplanade on its east; Strand Road is on its west. The West Bengal Secretariat , General Post Office , Reserve Bank of India , Calcutta High Court , Lalbazar Police Headquarters and several other government and private offices are located there. Another business hub
Ironbark - Misplaced Pages Continue
2772-487: The city of Kolkata (as a metropolitan structure). Asansol is the district headquarters of Paschim Bardhaman District in West Bengal. It is the second largest city in West Bengal after Kolkata and the 39th largest urban agglomeration in India. According to a 2010 report prepared by the International Institute for Environment and Development, a UK-based policy research non-governmental think tank, Asansol
2838-474: The conflict in neighbouring East Pakistan and by the Communist movement at home. In 1971, in the course of Bangladesh's independence struggle, millions of refugees poured into East India. Bihar and Odisha struggled with economic issues during the British rule and in the beginning of post independent India due to rising naxalism frequent natutal calamities such as flood and cyclone. But in recent years,
2904-531: The development of IT Parks such as Infocity 1 and the new Infocity 2. The Info City was conceived as a five star park, under the Export Promotion Industrial Parks (EPIP) Scheme to create high quality infrastructure facilities for setting up Information Technology related industries. Infosys and Satyam Computer Services Ltd. have been present in Bhubaneswar since 1996–97. Its current head count stands at around 5000. The first part of
2970-778: The empire's GDP and 12% of the world's GDP , larger than the entirety of western Europe . With the arrival of the Europeans in the 17th century, outposts were established in Odisha Coast and Bengal. The European traders established their trade centres in the ports of Balasore , Pipili , Palur in the Odisha Coast during the rule of the last independent Hindu king Gajapati Prataprudra Dev. The Portuguese were in Chittagong, Dutch in Chinsura, French in Pondicherry and
3036-648: The highest per capita gross district domestic product in Bihar, at ₹ 63,063. Using fi gures for assumed average annual growth, Patna is the 21st fastest-growing city in the world and 5th fastest-growing city in India by the City Mayors' Foundation. Patna registered an average annual growth of 3.72% during 2006–2010. The city is also home to many tutorials and coaching institutes who prepare students for various entrance exams. IIT NIT NIFT AIIMS and other leading educational institutions are running successfully in Patna. City
3102-580: The inscriptions at Ushakothi and Vimkramkhol regarding whether they are in a proto- Brahmi script . Yogimath near Khariar has cave paintings from the Neolithic. There is Chalcolithic sites in Pandu Rajar Dhibi in the lower Ajay valley in West Bengal. Iron slag , microliths , and potsherds from 1400 BCE, according to carbon dating, were discovered in Singhbhum district . During the late Vedic period, several janapadas emerged in India. In
3168-516: The list Bengali is in 9th position with 15412 ancient manuscripts. The Indo-Aryan languages spoken in this region descend from the Magadhi Prakrit , which was spoken in the ancient kingdom of Magadha. Odia emerged as a distinct language from Odra Prakrit while Maithili emerged around the 9th century CE. Many of the minority Tribal languages of East India belong to the Munda branch of
3234-469: The number is growing every year. The city is also home to many tutorials and coaching institutes who prepare students for various entrance exams. Retail and Real Estate have also emerged as big players. Recent times have seen large scale retail chains such as Reliance, Vishal MegaMart, Big Bazaar, Pantaloon, Pal Heights, Indulge, New Leaf, Habib's, had opened outlets in Bhubaneswar. Large corporations like DLF Universal and Reliance Industries have entered
3300-445: The population and 17% in Bihar. Hindus form 94% of total population of Odisha. Christians are the largest minority in Odisha with 3% of the state population Durga , Krishna , Jagannath and Shiva are particularly popular Hindu deities in this region. Durga and Kali are patron deities of Bengal and Mithila whereas Jagannath or Vishnu is patron god among Odia people . Rama and Hanuman are most revered in Bihar. Shiva
3366-450: The real estate market in the city. DLF Limited is developing an Infopark spread over an area of 54 acres (220,000 m ) in the city. Expanding its business portfolio, the Kolkata -based Saraf Group, promoters of Forum Mart shopping malls is constructing another Shopping mall named Forum Lifestyle mall a 550,000 sq ft (51,000 m ) lifestyle mall in Bhubaneswar with 1,200 car parks. The rich minerals resources of Odisha have been
SECTION 50
#17327871602493432-543: The southern end of the Maidan. Among the other parks are Central Park in Bidhannagar and Millennium Park on Strand Road, along the Hooghly River. South Kolkata includes many posh neighbourhoods such as Bhawanipore , Alipore , Ballygunge , Kasba , Dhakuria , Santoshpur , Garia , Tollygunge , Behala etc. The south suburban areas like Maheshtala , Budge Budge , Rajpur Sonarpur , Baruipur etc. are also within
3498-624: The state of Odisha have shown impressive growth record and developed steadily. The economic boom since 2005 started to spread new malls, highways, airports and IT office complexes, but not evenly across the region. Jharkhand became a separate state on 15 November 2000 from Bihar. In the modern times, these states have seen rapid transformation and home to several mineral and metal based industries, coal based thermal powers units , oil refineries , ports , textile industries and well established public and private educational institutes . West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha and Jharkhand rank 6th, 16th, 14th and 18th in
3564-814: The stature of Rabindranath Tagore championed the movement for self-rule. The Partition also had its roots in undivided Eastern India. The Muslim League was founded in Dhaka in 1906. In the 1937 provincial elections, it came to power in Bengal in alliance with the Krishak Praja Party . in 1944, it gained an absolute majority in the Bengal Assembly, and Hussein Suhrawardy became the Chief Minister . After widespread communal violence during
3630-743: The subcontinent. Its capital Calcutta grew into one of the world's greatest ports. Tea from Calcutta was off-loaded by American separatists in the American War of Independence in the 1770s. In the 19th century, Calcutta's traders and merchants traded with the rest of the British Empire, continental Europe, the United States and China. Indentured Indian labourers from Bihar, sailed to new homes in Fiji , Mauritius , Guyana , Surinam and South Africa. India's independence movement had strong roots in East India. The feudal land system, established through
3696-442: The temple city of India. The largest city of Odisha, Bhubaneswar today is a center of economic and religious importance in the region. With the economic liberalisation policy adopted by the Government of India in the '90s, Bhubaneswar received large investments in the fields of telecommunications , IT and higher education, particularly in science and engineering. The city is home to around 60 engineering colleges (as of 2009) and
3762-414: The third in North India after Delhi and Lucknow. IT parks are also developing in and around the city. Patna recorded a per capita of Rs 63,063. The per capita level for 2007 was higher than Bangalore or Hyderabad , which are both leading centres for global software development. The Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain pilgrim centres of Vaishali, Rajgir, Nalanda, Gaya, Bodhgaya, and Pawapuri are nearby and Patna
3828-446: The trunk and branches from fire. In cases of extreme fire, where leaves and shoots are removed, the protective bark aids in protecting epicormic buds which allow the tree to reshoot. Being a very dense, hard wood, a length of ironbark is often used as a bug shoe on the bottom of a ship's skeg to protect it from shipworms . Ironbark was widely used in the piles of 19th and early 20th century bridges and wharves in New Zealand. It
3894-412: The universities of Magadha Empire. The Emperor of Kalinga Mahameghavahana Aira Kharavela was one of the most powerful monarchs of ancient India. The Jain thirkhankar Mahaveer was born here and founded Jainism . Islamic invasions in the 13th century resulted in the collapse of Hindu kings and most Buddhists, especially in East Bengal , converted to Islam. East India including Bihar and West Bengal
3960-581: The west, the state of Andhra Pradesh in the south and the country of Bangladesh in the east. It is also bounded by the Bay of Bengal in the south-east. It is connected to the Seven Sister States of Northeast India by the narrow Siliguri Corridor in the north east of West Bengal. East India has the fourth-largest gross domestic product of all Indian regions. The region was ruled by several empires, including Gangaridai , Nandas , Mauryans , Guptas , Palas , Senas , Eastern Gangas , Gajapatis , Delhi Sultanate , Bengal Sultanate , Mughal Empire and
4026-433: Was a seat of learning and fine arts. The modern city of Patna is situated on the southern bank of the Ganges. The city also straddles the rivers Sone, Gandak and Punpun. The city is approximately 35 km long and 16 km to 18 km wide. It is the second largest city of Eastern India. In June 2009, the World Bank ranked Patna second in India (after Delhi ) for ease of starting a business. As of 2004–2005, Patna had
SECTION 60
#17327871602494092-423: Was introduced to European medicine in 1757 by John Fothergill . When described by him, it was believed to have been brought from the river Gambia in West Africa, and when first imported it was sold in England as Gummi rubrum astringens gambiense . It was obtained from Pterocarpus erinaceus . In the early 20th century, the drug recognized as the legitimate kind was East Indian , Malabar or Amboyna kino which
4158-510: Was part of the Mughal Empire in the 16th and 17th centuries. Odisha remained the only powerful Hindu dynastic stronghold under the rule of Soma/Keshari Dynasty, Bhanja Dynasty, Eastern Ganga Dynasty, Suryavanshi Dynasty and Bhoi(Khordha) dynasty till the end of the 16th century. The mighty Nalanda University existed at Nalanda which was destroyed by Bakhtiar Khilji during the 12th century and also defeated Sena Dynasty . Sher Shah Suri , who became king of India after defeating Humayun , founded
4224-417: Was ruled by the Bengal Sultanate , founded by king Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah , beginning a period of the country's economic prosperity and military dominance over the regional empires, which was referred by the Europeans to as the richest country to trade with. Afterwards, the entire East India came under the Mughal Empire , becoming as the most advanced parts in the world. Bengal Subah generated almost half of
4290-802: Was the ancient Puspagiri University recently discovered in Odisha. Education in the eastern part of India has seen rapid transformation. Several new educational institutes have been established to cater the needs of students. East India is now the home to some of the great Indian universities and Institutions of National Importance. Some prominent institutions of higher learning located in the states of Eastern India are listed below. There were many ancient cities established in Eastern India. Prominent among them were Pataliputra , Bangarh , Tamralipta , Champapuri , Chandraketugarh , Dantapura , Gauda , Katak , Sisupalgarh , Tosali , Gaya , Jaugada , Pandua , Rajapura , Asurgarh and Vaishali . West Bengal 's capital Kolkata (formerly, known as Calcutta ),
4356-410: Was widely used for railway sleepers in eastern Australia in the 19th and 20th centuries due to its durability; while other timber sleepers had to be replaced every 7-12 years, ironbark could last 30 years. This rosid tree article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Eucalyptus article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Kino (gum) Kino
#248751