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52-500: The JCB Fastrac is a high-speed agricultural tractor series manufactured by JCB Landpower, part of the JCB group. Production began in 1991, with continual development to the present day. Generally the maximum speed of most models is 65 km/h (40 mph), but slower (40 km/h) and faster (80 km/h) versions are produced. All models have six-cylinder diesel engines. Initially supplied by Perkins Engines then Cummins ,

104-427: A hydrogen combustion engine which aims to be cost effective by reusing parts from the company's Dieselmax engines. JCB Insurance Services is a fully owned subsidiary of JCB that provides insurance for customers with funding from another fully owned subsidiary, JCB Finance. In April 2006, JCB announced that they were developing a diesel -powered land speed record vehicle known as the ' JCB Dieselmax '. The car

156-451: A central differential and epicyclic gearing reduction units built into the hub ends, where the wheel bolts. The 7000 Series rear axle has a central differential and has in-board epicyclic gearing reduction units. A standard locking differential is provided in the rear axle of all machines. 100, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Series machines have a Detroit No-Spin -style differential lock in front axle. 3000, 7000 and 8000 Series machines have

208-430: A driver-controlled clutch pack engaged locking differential. A two-speed power take-off (PTO) is standard at the rear and a factory option at the front. Depending on the model either speeds of 1000/540 or 1000/750 are available. Multi-link suspension is fitted between the chassis and both the front and rear beam axles . The front suspension on most machines uses four links, a panhard rod and anti-roll bar . On

260-646: A factory was opened in Brazil . In 2005, JCB bought a company, purchasing the German equipment firm Vibromax . In the same year, it opened a new factory in Pudong , China. Planning of a new £40M JCB Heavy Products site began following the launch of an architectural design competition in 2007 managed by RIBA Competitions , and by the next year, the firm began to move from its old site on Pinfold Street in Uttoxeter to

312-462: A hydraulic link between the steering wheels and the front wheels. This limits the maximum speed of these models to 50 km/h (31 mph), except now in Germany where 60 km/h (37 mph) is allowed. These machines have mechanical power steering similar to a large truck . This system gives a mechanical link between the steering wheel and the front wheels. Generally these machines have had

364-441: A maximum speed of 65 km/h (40 mph) except some 100 and 3000 series machines having a maximum speed of 75 km/h (47 mph). These machines have dual circuit hydrostatic steering allowing legal speeds over 60 km/h. An automatic Global Positioning System -controlled steering system using a ( Differential GPS ) is available for the 3000, 4000, 7000 and 8000 series machines. Rear wheel steering ( four-wheel steering )

416-434: A result his tractor could operate on soft ground and caused less compacting damage to the soil in comparison with other tractors of the time, and it could produce given amounts of work with less time and fuel. The hydraulically operated and controlled three-point hitch used the draft of the mounted tool to moderate the depth of the tool and therefore the load on the tractor (automatic depth control or draft control). In addition,

468-513: A speed of 350.092 mph (563.418 km/h). In December 2000, JCB was fined €39.6M by the European Commission for violating European Union antitrust law . The fine related to restrictions on sales outside allotted territories, purchases between authorised distributors, bonuses and fees which restricted out of territory sales, and occasional joint fixing of resale prices and discounts across different territories. JCB appealed

520-584: A website dedicated to promoting constructive play and outdoor activities for kids. Many of the vehicles produced by JCB are variants of the backhoe loader , including tracked or wheeled variants, mini and large version and other variations, such as forklift vehicles and telescopic handlers for moving materials to the upper floors of a building site. The company also produces wheeled loading shovels and articulated dump trucks. Its JCB Fastrac range of tractors, which entered production in 1990, can drive at speeds of up to 75 km/h (40 mph) on roads and

572-560: A £600M loan in emergency financial aid from the UK government, during the coronavirus pandemic, despite its ultimate ownership being in the Netherlands and having reported a record £447M profit the previous year. Its chief executive Graeme Macdonald said: “Although not a public company, we are eligible for CCF because of our contribution to the UK economy. We don’t expect to utilise it in the short-term but it gives us an insurance policy if there

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624-533: Is a British multinational manufacturer of equipment for construction , agriculture , waste handling , and demolition . It was founded in 1945 and is based in Rocester , Staffordshire , England. The word " JCB " is also often used colloquially as a generic description for mechanical diggers and excavators , and the word even appears in the Oxford English Dictionary , although it

676-481: Is available as an option on 2000 and 4000 series machines. The electronic system has 5 modes of operation, and only allows four-wheel steering below 20 km/h (12 mph). All models are fitted with large diameter external disc brakes at both front and rear individually on each wheel. An anti-lock braking system (ABS) is fitted on some models, depending on the maximum vehicle speed and legal requirements. An auxiliary hydraulic system ( hydraulic drive system )

728-518: Is further disruption from or second spike or other impact around the world.” JCB is a significant donor to the UK Conservative Party . Between 2007 and 2017, JCB and related Bamford entities donated £8.1m in cash or kind to the party. Between 2019 and 2021 JCB donated a further £2.5m. In 2016, Anthony Bamford donated £100,000 to Vote Leave , the official pro-Brexit group, and wrote to JCB's 6,500 staff explaining why he supported

780-467: Is often present in modern three-point hitch systems. The draft of the implement, the amount of force it is taking to pull the implement, is sensed on the top link and the hydraulic system automatically raises the arms slightly when the draft increases and lowers the arms when the draft decreases. There are five different hitch sizes, called categories. The higher category hitches have sturdier lift arms and larger connector pins. There are also variants to

832-475: Is powered by two modified JCB 444 diesel power plants using a two-stage turbocharger to generate 750 bhp (560 kW), one engine driving the front wheels and the other the rear wheels. On 22 August 2006 the Dieselmax, driven by Andy Green , broke the diesel engine land speed record, attaining a speed of 328.767 mph (529.099 km/h). The following day, the record was again broken, this time with

884-416: Is standard on all machines. It is used to control the front and rear linkages and through quick connectors at the front and rear of the tractor to control and power implements. A three-point hitch is standard at the rear of the machine and on option on front. There are several types available depending on the country the machine is built for. Traditionally the cab has been centrally mounted. Some models,

936-602: Is still held as a trademark. Joseph Cyril Bamford Excavators Ltd. was founded by Joseph Cyril Bamford in October 1945 in Uttoxeter , Staffordshire, England. He rented a lock-up garage 3.7 by 4.6 m (12 by 15 ft). In it, using a welding set which he bought second-hand for £1 from English Electric , he made his first vehicle, a tipping trailer from war-surplus materials. The trailer's sides and floor were made from steel sheet that had been part of air raid shelters . On

988-648: Is ultimately controlled by “Bamford family interests”. According to Ethical Consumer, JCB has six subsidiaries in jurisdictions considered to be tax havens , in Singapore , the Netherlands , Hong Kong , Delaware and Switzerland . On 12 February 2020, the United Nations published a database of all business enterprises involved in certain specified activities related to the Israeli settlements in

1040-586: The Conservative Party in the run up to the 2010 election, making it the largest donor. Ownership of the company which has never filed accounts is disputed by the Bamford brothers. According to a Guardian report, much of the Bamford money was held in shares in offshore trusts. JCB Service, the main JCB holding company, is owned by a Dutch parent company, ‘Transmissions and engineering Netherlands BV’, which

1092-513: The Ferguson-Brown Company . The particular geometry of the linkage that attached the plough to the tractor enabled forces generated by the plough to be applied to the rear wheels of the tractor. This redirected the plough's resistance into downward force on the drive wheels, which enabled Ferguson's tractor to be much lighter and more manoeuvrable than earlier models of farm tractor with equivalent tractive force and traction . As

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1144-596: The Occupied Palestinian Territories , including East Jerusalem , and in the occupied Golan Heights . JCB has been listed on the database in light of its involvement in activities related to "the supply of equipment and materials facilitating the construction and the expansion of settlements and the wall , and associated infrastructures". The international community considers Israeli settlements built on land occupied by Israel to be in violation of international law . In October 2020,

1196-442: The 1950s and 1960s, farmers often would have to purchase the same brand implements as their tractor to be able to hook up the implement correctly or to best effect. If a farmer needed to use a different brand of implement, an adaptation kit—which were typically clumsy, ill-fitting, or unsafe—was sometimes needed. The pressure toward vendor lock-in was a two-edged blade for the salespeople. It was an advantage in cases where it encouraged

1248-407: The 4000 series a V-link is used at the front. The rear suspension uses two lower link and a V-link on top plus an anti-roll bar . Hydropneumatic suspension is used on the rear of all models and on the front of the 4000 and 7000 series Fastrac. This is similar to that used on some Citroën cars. These Fastrac machines have hydrostatic steering similar to most agricultural tractors with only

1300-418: The 7000 series and latter 8250, have the cab mounted at the rear of the tractor. The most recent fastrac iteration, the 4000 series tractors, have forward sloping cabs, similar to those on combine harvesters . All cabs have a full-size passenger seat and an air suspensioned driver's seat. This is not intended to be a complete list but includes the main models produced. JCB currently holds the world record for

1352-419: The 9N could plow more than 12 acres (4.9 hectares) in a normal day pulling two 14-inch (360 mm) plows, outperforming the tractive performance of the heavier and more expensive Farmall F-30 model. The hitch's utility and simplicity have since made it an industry standard. The three-point hitch is made up of several components working together. These include the tractor's hydraulic system, attaching points,

1404-781: The British government decided to investigate a complaint that JCB’s sale of equipment to Israel did not comply with the human rights guidelines set by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development . The UK National Contact Point (NCP), part of the UK’s Department of International Trade, agreed to review a complaint against JCB submitted by a charity, Lawyers for Palestinian Human Rights. JCB said it had no “legal ownership” of its machinery once sold to Comasco, its sole distributor of JCB equipment in Israel. In 2020, JCB received

1456-618: The Fastest Tractor (Modified), this was achieved on 23 October 2019 by driver Guy Martin , hitting a top speed of 217.570 km/h (135.19 mph) in Elvington, North Yorkshire . A JCB Fastrac was chosen by BBC 's Top Gear host Jeremy Clarkson . It was driven on the show around the Top Gear Test Track by The Stig , in a time of 2:57.4, making it the fastest of the three featured tractors, but also currently

1508-623: The JCB 7. In 1975, Anthony Bamford , Bamford's son, was made Chairman of the company. In 1978, the Loadall machine was introduced. The next year, the firm started its operation in India . In 1991, the firm entered a joint venture with Sumitomo of Japan to produce excavators, which ended in 1998. Two years later, a JCB factory was completed in Pooler near Savannah , Georgia , in the US, and in 2012

1560-410: The JCB logo appeared for the first time. It was designed by Derby Media and advertising designer Leslie Smith. In 1957, the firm launched the "hydra-digga", incorporating the excavator and the major loader as a single all-purpose tool useful for the agricultural and construction industries. By 1964, JCB had sold over 3,000 3C backhoe loaders. The next year, the first 360-degree excavator was introduced,

1612-569: The UK leaving the EU. In October 2016, it was reported that JCB had left the CBI business lobby group in the summer of the same year due to the organisation's anti-Brexit stance. In May 2021, Anthony Bamford rejected an invitation to rejoin CBI, after previously having called it a "waste of time" that "didn’t represent my business or private companies". Three-point hitch A three-point hitch attaches

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1664-418: The above categories denoted by N (narrow). These utilize the pin sizes of the listed category, but the width of a category one step lower. The N variations are common in "quick hitches" and allow larger tractors to easily hook onto smaller utility implements. Before the 1940s, most hitching of farm implements to tractors was done simply with a drawbar , on the same principle as a modern tow hitch . The drawbar

1716-483: The current supplier is AGCO SISU Power. Three different gearboxes have been fitted to the Fastrac in production. All models are selectable four-wheel drive . The rear axle is driven as standard and drive to the front axle selected by the driver, through a hydraulically controlled clutch. This clutch is sprung on to give four-wheel drive and hydraulically disengaged to give two-wheel drive . Most Fastrac axles have

1768-707: The decision, with the European Court of First Instance upholding portions of the appeal and reducing the original fine by 25%. JCB appealed to the European Court of Justice but this final appeal was rejected in 2006, with the court slightly increasing the reduced fine by €864,000. In 2017, a Reuters study of JCB group accounts found that between 2001 and 2013, the JCB group paid £577M to JCB Research, an unlimited company that does not have to file public accounts and which has only two shares, both owned by Anthony Bamford. JCB Research has been described as an obscure company, allegedly worth £27,000, but which donated £2M to

1820-531: The features of the Ferguson system (such as quick, easy hitching and unhitching, implement raising and lowering controlled from the tractor seat, and treating the tractor and implement as a unit rather than an articulated pair). Thus, International Harvester developed its Fast Hitch and began to advertise the notion of "farming with the Farmall system" and Allis-Chalmers introduced its Snap-Coupler which allowed

1872-641: The fifth-slowest-ever lap time. A JCB Fastrac appeared in news coverage of the JCB Dieselmax land speed record car, pushing it to its 30 mph starting speed. In 2019 a modified JCB Fastrac broke the record for the world fastest tractor after it hit a top speed of 153.771mph. The record was ratified by the Guinness World Records . [REDACTED] Media related to JCB tractors at Wikimedia Commons JCB (heavy equipment manufacturer) J.C. Bamford Excavators Limited ( JCB )

1924-400: The hitch. Each hitch has attachment holes for attaching implements, and the implement has posts that fit through the holes. The implement is secured by placing a pin on the ends of the posts. The hitch lifting arms are powered by the tractor's own hydraulic system. The hydraulic system is controlled by the operator, and usually a variety of settings are available. A draft control mechanism

1976-467: The horse era were often what the tractor pulled. Towing with a drawbar is a good, practical system for many purposes, and it has continued to be used even up to today, but the three-point hitch outperforms it in several ways (described below). Harry Ferguson patented the three-point linkage for agricultural tractors in Britain in 1926. He had long been a champion of the importance of rigid attachment of

2028-423: The implement to the tractor so that the orientation of the implement is fixed with respect to the tractor and the arm position of the hitch. The tractor carries some or all of the weight of the implement. The other main mechanism for attaching a load is through a drawbar , a single point, pivoting attachment where the implement or trailer is not in a fixed position with respect to the tractor. The primary benefit of

2080-404: The latter problem in the UK and Ireland in the 1920s and 1930s, and it also applied to the competitors' proprietary hitches of the 1940s and 1950s. In the 1960s, as patents on the technology expired, tractor and implement manufacturers agreed on the three-point hitch as the one standard, interchangeable, full-featured system to hitch implements to tractors. With the advent of nonproprietary status,

2132-412: The lifting arms, and stabilizers. Three-point hitches are composed of three movable arms. The two lower arms—the hitch lifting arms—are controlled by the hydraulic system, and provide lifting, lowering, and even tilting to the arms. The upper center arm—called the top link—is movable, but is usually not powered by the tractor's hydraulic system. Each arm has an attachment device to connect implements to

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2184-739: The new site beside the A50; the Pinfold Street site was demolished in 2009. During that year, JCB announced plans to make India its largest manufacturing hub. Its factory at Ballabgarh in Haryana was to become the world's largest backhoe loader manufacturing facility. Although JCB shed 2,000 jobs during the Great Recession , in 2010 it rehired up to 200 new workers. In 2013, JCB set up its fourth manufacturing facility in India. In 2014, it

2236-456: The operator to hook and unhook implements without leaving the operator's seat. Likewise, JI Case developed its Eagle Hitch, and similar path was followed at John Deere . Some of these systems, with one-point or two-point hitching, were not well suited to lifting heavy implements. They also presented the problem of incompatibility between brands of tractors and implements, applying pressure toward vendor lock-in that many farmers resented. During

2288-486: The plough to the tractor. The idea did not originate with him, but he led its popularization over many years of development, explaining, and selling. During the decade of 1916 to 1926 he developed his ideas through various iterations, duplex and triplex, mechanical and hydraulic, to arrive at the patented form. During the next decade, he continued explaining and selling his hitches and implements and even produced his own model of tractor in cooperation with David Brown Ltd. via

2340-491: The sale of implements (e.g., a farmer decided to purchase not just a tractor but also new implements to replace his old ones, betting on increased productivity to make it worth the cost), but it was a disadvantage to the extent that farmers did not see the value in a special new hitch if they could not afford also to buy new implements to make full use of it or felt uneasy about buying new implements when they already had existing implements that were still usable. Ferguson often faced

2392-700: The same day as his son Anthony was born, he sold the trailer at a nearby market for £45 (plus a part-exchanged farm cart ) and at once made another trailer. At one time he made vehicles in Eckersley's coal yard in Uttoxeter. The first trailer and the welding set have been preserved. In 1948, six people were working for the company, and it made the first hydraulic tipping trailer in Europe. In 1950, it moved to an old cheese factory in Rocester , still employing six. A year later, Bamford began painting his products yellow. In 1953, he developed JCB's first backhoe loader, and

2444-616: The three-point hitch system is to transfer the weight and resistance of an implement to the drive wheels of the tractor . This gives the tractor more usable traction than it would otherwise have, given the same power , weight , and fuel consumption. For example, when the Ford 9N introduced Harry Ferguson 's three-point hitch design to American production-model tractors in 1939, it was a light and affordable tractor competing principally with row-crop tractors such as Farmalls that did not yet have three-point hitches. At 2,500 pounds (1.1 t),

2496-538: The three-point hitch would prevent the tractor from flipping backwards on the drive wheels if the implement being dragged were to hit a rock or other immovable obstruction. Ferguson and his colleagues developed several innovations to this device (e.g., the hydraulic lift and depth control) which made the system workable, effective, and desirable. In 1938, after almost two decades of trying to sell Henry Ford on using Ferguson's system on tractors mass-produced by Ford, Ferguson finally convinced Ford. The American mass-market debut

2548-534: Was a flat bar with holes in it, and the implements were trailers, with tongues that attached to the drawbar with a pin through a hole. The main reason why this was the default hitching idea is that it was the natural follow-on from the days of horse-drawn implements, which were towed as trailers by the horse or team (and often had an operator's seat). In fact, for decades during the mechanisation of agriculture in Europe and North America, as tractors gradually replaced horses in increasing degrees, existing implements from

2600-692: Was reported that three out of every four pieces of construction equipment sold in India was a JCB, and that its Indian operations accounted for 17.5% of its total revenue. JCB-based memes have also become prevalent in India. JCB began manufacturing 20-30 tonne excavators in Solnechnogorsky District in Russia in 2017. Due to trade sanctions imposed following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , JCB suspended its operations in Russia in March 2022. In 2020, JCB launched www.jcbexplore.com -

2652-602: Was shown on the BBC television programme Tomorrow's World , and years later as Jeremy Clarkson 's tractor of choice in Top Gear . The firm makes a range of military vehicles, including the JCB HMEE . It licenses a range of rugged feature phones and smartphones designed for construction sites. The design and marketing contract was awarded to Data Select in 2010, which then lost the exclusive rights in 2013. JCB power systems make

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2704-493: Was via the Ford-Ferguson 9N in 1939. The Ferguson system, as it was called, was not just an improved hitch but rather the hitch plus an entire line of implements purpose-built to make full use of its advantages. During the 1940s, it was so advantageous and popular that other manufacturers were compelled to come up with competing hitch improvements that could also be pitched as proprietary "systems" with at least some of

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