John Bowne (1627–1695), the progenitor of the Bowne family in America, was a Quaker and an English immigrant residing in the Dutch colony of New Netherland . He is historically significant for his struggle for religious liberty.
86-469: Born in Matlock, Derbyshire , on 9 March 1627, Bowne emigrated with his father and sister to Boston , Massachusetts , in 1648. Bowne became a merchant and married well, his first wife Hannah Feake (ca.1637–1678), whom he married in 1656, being a great-niece of Governor John Winthrop of Massachusetts. Bowne and his bride, along with his in-laws William Hallet and Elizabeth Fones , soon became adherents of
172-576: A Quaker meeting in his house . Refusing to pay the assessed fine, or to depart from the province, he was sent to Holland for trial before the Dutch West India Company . There, he successfully exonerated himself by appealing to the guarantees of religious liberty contained in the Flushing patent of 1645 granted by Governor William Kieft ; see Flushing Remonstrance . Winning the respect of his judges by his uncompromising stance, he
258-453: A town council , the urban equivent of the rural parish council and the lowest tier of local government . The Council meets twice a month. There are 11 Councillors who cover the area and 9 members of staff. Matlock Town Council's jurisdiction extends to the town centre, Matlock Bank, Hurst Farm, Matlock Green, Matlock Town, Starkholmes and Riber . The second tier of local government is Derbyshire Dales District Council , which covers almost
344-486: A wishing well . Beside this there is the shelter from the former cable tramway which was moved to the park when the tramway ceased to operate in 1927. Moving away from Crown Square there is, next, a large grass area and some tennis courts . As part of the refurbishments which took place, the old grass tennis courts were replaced with a skateboard park . In the centre of the park is the Victorian bandstand , which
430-525: A comprehensive school. The site of Charles White in Starkholmes became the 'lower site' of Highfields for years 7–8, while Bailey's was converted to the county council records offices. A new site was built to house the new 'upper site' at Lumsdale for years 9–13. For over 10 years, the council had proposed to allow a Sainsbury's supermarket to be built in Cawdor Quarry , a disused quarry next to
516-479: A large number of examples of Victorian architecture, although only four are listed by English Heritage. However, all buildings on Dale Road are included in two conservation areas created by Derbyshire Dales District Council. These conservation areas are called "Matlock Bridge" (from the bridge over the Derwent to the railway bridge over Dale Road), then "Matlock Dale" to the outskirts of Matlock Bath. In this section,
602-500: A modern sawmill at Halfway , near Sheffield. The former sawmill has been demolished, and is now a mixed residential and commercial development called Chesterfield Waterside. There is a Morrisons on the junction of Chatsworth Road (A619) and Walton Road (A632), a Sainsburys on Rother Way (A619 for Staveley), and a Tesco Extra on the junction of the A619 and A61 (known locally as Tesco Roundabout ). The Institute of Business Advisers
688-488: A point about a mile south-east of Bakewell, has now become the Monsal Trail , an 8.5-mile (13.7 km) walking and cycle trail. Peak Rail , a preserved railway , runs steam trains on a section of the closed line between Matlock, Darley Dale and Rowsley . Previously it used its own station, Matlock Riverside , a short distance to the north of the mainline station; however, from 2011, both Peak Rail and trains on
774-652: A population in the 2021 UK census of 10,000. Matlock is 9 miles (14 km) south-west of Chesterfield and in close reach of the cities of Derby (19 miles), Sheffield (20 miles) and Nottingham (29 miles). Matlock is within the Derbyshire Dales district and is the headquarters of Derbyshire County Council . The name Matlock derives from the Old English mæthel (or mæðel ), meaning assembly or speech, and āc , meaning oak tree; thus Matlock means 'moot-oak', an oak tree where meetings are held. In
860-524: A population of 112,664 at the 2021 Census, this included the town of Chesterfield along with its surrounding suburbs and the outlying villages and towns of Wingerworth , Staveley , Cutthorpe and Holymoorside . Chesterfield is part of the Chesterfield constituency ; the Member of Parliament (MP) is Toby Perkins (Labour). The local council for Chesterfield is Chesterfield Borough Council. Since
946-595: A series of public concerts at Highfields School (Upper Lumsdale site). Storytelling is also well represented with a monthly venue at the Imperial Rooms. The first school in Matlock was founded in 1647 as a free school for local boys, originally funded by local George Spateman of Tansley and from 1668 by Anthony Wolley. This school was rebuilt in 1829 and expanded in 1860 and 1889 and girls first attended in 1816. This school has since been demolished (the date
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#17327726754241032-420: A third of the mainly rural parts of the county, including the towns of Matlock, Ashbourne , Bakewell , Wirksworth and Darley Dale and over 100 villages. The council has 39 District Councillors elected in 25 wards. Matlock is represented by six councillors in the two wards: Matlock All Saints and Matlock St Giles. The top tier of local government is Derbyshire County Council , which has responsibilities for
1118-574: A two-tier structure. At the upper tier of services such as consumer protection, education, main roads and social services is provided by Derbyshire County Council . At the lower tier, housing, planning, refuse collection and burial grounds are provided by Chesterfield Borough Council. There are two civil parishes in the borough, Brimington and Staveley. Derbyshire County Council has 64 county councillors and Chesterfield Borough Council 40 local councillors, both elected every four years. The borough council uses armorial bearings originally granted to
1204-711: Is a Victorian public park in the centre of Matlock, Derbyshire which opened in 1898. It lies between the River Derwent to the south and Causeway Lane to the north. The park has many facilities and in 2004–2005 underwent major regeneration as part of the Matlock Parks Project with funding from the Millennium Commission . At the Crown Square/Matlock Bridge end of the park there is the town's war memorial and
1290-569: Is a Post Office Ltd building in the town at West Bars called Future Walk. Formerly this was Chetwynd House, now demolished and replaced by the new building. The town centre of Chesterfield has retained much of its pre-war plan. Chesterfield Market is one of the largest open-air markets in Britain, the stalls sitting either side of the Market Hall. In the middle of town, a collection of narrow medieval streets makes up The Shambles, which houses
1376-844: Is based on Queen Street North. Chesterfield Royal Hospital is on the A632 towards Calow and Bolsover . It has the only accident and emergency department in Derbyshire outside Derby. The Chesterfield and North Derbyshire Branch of the RSPCA is located in the town, and serves the North East Derbyshire area. The Royal Mail 's Pensions Service Centre is near the town in Boythorpe Road, in Rowland Hill House, which also serves other administrative functions. There
1462-451: Is especially interesting to geologists in that it has cut its way through a limestone gorge below High Tor (120m above river level), rather than follow the "simpler" way to the east. It is thought that landslips and/or glaciation may have had an influence over how the present route of the river was established. The area on the western edge of the town, bounded on the north and east by Old Hackney Lane, Hurds Hollow, and Dimple Road, and on
1548-415: Is home to a large number of birds, including ducks and moorhens as well as being host to the longest-running pleasure boats in the country. A miniature railway runs half the length of the park along the river but, because of the lack of any turning space, the return journey is made in reverse. At the far end of the park is a children's playground , which was significantly upgraded in 2005. Hall Leys Park
1634-433: Is named after his descendant, New York City mayor Walter Bowne , whose country estate once occupied the site. The Bowne House at Bowne Street and 37th Avenue in Flushing still stands, and is open to the public as a New York City designated landmark and a Registered Historic Place . In October 2018, a memorial stone was unveiled and a lime tree planted on the corner of Lime Tree Road and Hurst Rise, Matlock, Derbyshire,
1720-407: Is now a central part of the town's flood protection. The wall which surrounds the northern side of the park has the ability to have the footways sealed with sheets of wood which would dam the progress of any overflow from the river and turn the entire park into a large reservoir. Further down the park there is a putting green and a Crown Green Bowls green. A boating lake, with several small islands,
1806-545: Is occasionally the site for visiting "Continental Markets" and, since the summer of 2006, regular "Farmers' Markets". It is also the centre of the Matlock Victorian Christmas Weekend, held annually on the first weekend of December. Bank Road runs from Crown Square up Matlock Bank, a steep hill which gives the road its name, to Wellington Street. Although many consider the whole incline to be Bank Road, just over halfway up beyond Smedley Street
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#17327726754241892-500: Is unknown). Another school, All Saints Primary School, was founded in 1875 to provide for the population of the newly developed Matlock Bank. This school still operates and is the biggest primary school in Matlock. In 1897, a third school, the Council School, was constructed on Matlock Bank, at the junction of Smedley Street and Chesterfield Road. It also still operates as Castle View Primary School. Before Highfields School
1978-430: Is used regularly in the summer months by local brass bands and for events such as the annual Matlock Victorian Christmas Weekend, held on the first weekend of December. Beside the bandstand is a footbridge over the Derwent that has markings indicating the height of several floods that hit the town in the 1960s and 1970s. The café, on the opposite side of the bandstand, has similar markings for other floods. Hall Leys Park
2064-666: The A61 , with a dual carriageway from the town centre right into Sheffield. The A617 links to Mansfield , the A619 provides an entry point to the Peak District (eventually joining the A6 near Bakewell ) and the A632 connects Bolsover with Matlock . The M1 motorway passes Chesterfield to the east, at a distance of 6 miles (9.7 km) to junction 29a. Three junctions provide access to
2150-637: The Domesday Book of 1086 it was recorded as Meslach and in 1196 it was named Matlac . It is a former spa town that lies on the River Derwent , and has prospered from both the hydrotherapy industry and the cloth mills constructed on the river and its tributary Bentley Brook . It was a collection of villages in Wirksworth Hundred – composed of Matlock Town, Matlock Green, Matlock Bridge, Matlock Bank – until thermal springs were discovered in 1698. The population increased rapidly in
2236-469: The Eleven plus exam ) until fees were phased out, leaving scholarship as the only means of entry. Those who didn't attain a scholarship attended Charles White – it is estimated that Charles White students outnumbered Bailey's students 3:1. White had been built especially by Derbyshire County Council to accommodate the children who couldn't attend Bailey's. The two schools were merged to create Highfields,
2322-598: The Local Government Act 1972 by amalgamating the municipal borough of Chesterfield , the urban district of Staveley and the parish of Brimington from Chesterfield Rural District . Chesterfield benefitted much from the building of the Chesterfield Line – part of the Derby to Leeds railway (North Midland Line) begun in 1837 by George Stephenson . During the work, a sizeable seam of coal
2408-632: The Midland line between London and Manchester , until the section between Matlock and Buxton was closed in 1968 following the Beeching cuts . Network Rail has considered re-opening the line, with a study carried out by the county council; although it proved to be unfeasible in the short term, the track bed will be kept free of development as the study showed that the line could be economically viable from around 2025. The section from Wye Dale (about 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Buxton) to Coombs viaduct,
2494-594: The Old English ceaster (Roman fort) and feld (pasture). It has a sizeable street market three days a week. The town sits on an old coalfield , but little visual evidence of mining remains since the closure of the final town centre mine nicknamed “The Green Room”. The main landmark is the crooked spire of the Church of St Mary and All Saints . Chesterfield was in the Hundred of Scarsdale. The town received its market charter in 1204 from King John , which constituted
2580-712: The Pennines . It is sometimes described as the "Gateway to the Peak ", with the Peak District National Park to the west of the town. Nearby areas of the South and West Yorkshire Green Belt can serve to block urban sprawl . Other local greenfield frameworks include "strategic gaps" to maintain the openness and landscape qualities of large open areas, and "green wedges" penetrating urban areas with recreational facilities. The wider Chesterfield Urban Area had
2666-501: The Rivers Rother and Hipper . In 2011, the built-up-area subdivision had a population of 88,483, making it the second-largest settlement in Derbyshire, after Derby. The wider Borough of Chesterfield had a population of 103,569 in the 2021 Census. In 2021, the town itself had a population of 76,402. It has been traced to a transitory Roman fort of the 1st century CE. The name of the later Anglo-Saxon village comes from
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2752-553: The Royal Oak , one of Britain's oldest pubs. Near Holywell Cross is what was (until 2013) Chesterfield's largest department store, the Co-operative or Co-op. The main building opened in 1938, and now occupies the majority of Elder Way, including an enclosed bridge, and part of Knifesmithgate . Here the façade is in the mock-Tudor style fashionable in the 1930s, which still dominates the north side of Knifesmithgate. In 2001,
2838-642: The Sheffield City Region Combined Authority , which was due to receive devolved powers. Derbyshire County Council opposed this and sought legal advice. In June 2017 Chesterfield Council withdrew its application, but is now non-constituent partner. Chesterfield lies at the confluence of the River Rother and River Hipper at the Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Yorkshire Coalfield , in the eastern foothills of
2924-573: The 1800s, largely because of the popular hydros that were being built. At one stage there were around twenty hydros, mostly on Matlock Bank, the largest built in 1853 by John Smedley . This closed in 1955, and re-opened in 1956 as the headquarters of the Derbyshire County Council . Matlock is also home to the Derbyshire Dales District Council as well as Matlock Town council . Matlock has
3010-574: The 1980s but delayed for economic reasons. A multi-storey car park on Beetwell St was added under the revised plan. The area lies between the Pavements Centre and markets and the crooked spire. Nightlife is centred mainly in the Church Way, Holywell Street and Corporation Street areas. The Brampton Mile, west of the town centre is known for the number of public houses on a 1 mile (1.6 km) stretch of Chatsworth Road. In February 2006,
3096-622: The 1st XV compete at Level 6 in the RFU league structure . Matlock Rugby Club also has a thriving minis and junior section with over 250 members all supported by fully qualified mini and junior coaches. In 2007 the club was awarded the Derbyshire Tigger Price Memorial trophy for the team of the year award. On the outskirts of Matlock off the A6 Bakewell Road , a new multi-use leisure centre and swimming facility
3182-898: The Chesterfield Symphony Orchestra. The "Pomegranate Theatre", formerly the Chesterfield Civic Theatre and previously the Stephenson Memorial Theatre, is a listed Victorian building in what is now known as the Stephenson Memorial Hall . It has an auditorium that seats about 500 people. Shows are given throughout the year. Also in the Stephenson Memorial Hall is the Chesterfield Museum , opened in 1994. Until 1984 it
3268-520: The Chesterfield and District Co-operative Society was incorporated into a larger regional Midlands Co-operative Society Limited, now the biggest independent retail society in the UK. Owing to a decline in retail sales, the large home and fashion Co-op department store closed at the end of July 2013, The area has had some redevelopment with a Premier Inn and retail stores now open. In the late 1970s
3354-518: The Derwent Valley Line share the same station. The town is well served by bus routes, operated by High Peak Buses , Hulleys of Baslow and Stagecoach Yorkshire . The A6 , which links Carlisle with Luton , passes through the town; it provides access to Manchester , Stockport , Buxton , Bakewell and Derby . In 1893, Matlock Cable Tramway was built up Bank Road from Crown Square at Matlock Bridge to Wellington Street (at
3440-664: The GCR loop into Chesterfield and the LD&;ECR passing both on a 700 feet (210 m) viaduct. Horns Bridge has been redeveloped since the last two railways closed. Horns Bridge roundabout on the A61 Derby Road and A617 Lordsmill Street now occupies the site. The viaduct was demolished in the 1970s. Chesterfield tramway system was built in 1882 and closed in 1927. The main taxi ranks are in Elder Way, Knifesmithgate and outside
3526-465: The Matlock Bridge you arrive in the small town of Matlock proper, a place hardly worth being called a village, as it is made up of very few, shoddy houses. Chesterfield, Derbyshire Chesterfield is a market and industrial town in the county of Derbyshire , England. It is 24 miles (39 km) north of Derby and 11 miles (18 km) south of Sheffield at the confluence of
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3612-599: The Matlock area is extremely complex. Broadly speaking, the Derwent valley bottom forms a boundary between the sandstones and gritstones of the Dark Peak to the north-east and the limestones of the White Peak to the south-west. There are igneous intrusions into the limestones to the south-west. This geology has been exploited by the quarrying and mining industries. The sandstones and gritstones have been quarried as building materials (e.g. at Bentley Brook Quarries) and
3698-605: The area between Low Pavement (in the Market Square) and New Beetwell Street was redeveloped to build "The Pavements" Shopping Centre, known by some as The Precinct. The existing buildings were demolished except for the façades on Lower Pavement. The shopping centre was opened in November 1981 by the Prince and Princess of Wales . It has entrances opposite Chesterfield Market and escalators leading down to New Beetwell St and
3784-536: The borough was reshaped under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 . It originally consisted only of the township of Chesterfield but absorbed some surrounding townships in 1892. There was a major extension when the borough absorbed New Whittington and Newbold urban district in 1920. Chesterfield's current boundaries date from 1 April 1974, when the Borough of Chesterfield was formed under
3870-566: The bus station. An enclosed bridge links the site to a multi-storey car park built at the same time, adjacent to the town's coach station. Chesterfield's multi-storey library stands just outside The Pavements in New Beetwell St. The building was opened in 1985. In annual figures compiled by the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy it ranked fifth in the UK for number of loans in 2008, rising one place on
3956-478: The cessation of coal mining, the economy around Chesterfield has undergone major change. The employment base has moved from the primary and secondary sectors towards the tertiary. The area sits on an old, large coalfield which had many collieries, including those in outlying areas which were historically part of Chesterfield Rural District : Clay Cross , Arkwright Town , Bolsover , Grassmoor , North Wingfield and Holmewood . Between 1981 and 2002, 15,000 jobs in
4042-412: The coal industry were lost and all collieries closed, although open cast mining took place at Arkwright Town for a few years from November 1993. Many mine sites were restored by a contractor for Derbyshire County Council. Little evidence of mining remains. A cyclists' and walkers' route, the "Five Pits Trail", links some former mines; most are now indistinguishable from the surrounding countryside. In
4128-463: The crown, as it had been a royal badge used by Katherine of Aragon , Henry VIII and Mary Tudor . The crest depicts a Derby Ram , representing the county of Derbyshire, and a mural crown , suggestive of a town wall and thus borough status. The supporters represent the Cock and Pynot Inn , Old Whittington . The now Cock and Magpie Inn (53°16'13.1"N 1°25'34.3"W) is next to Revolution House , which
4214-453: The dexter side a Cock and on the sinister side a Pynot or Magpie proper each Ducally gorged Or The shield is based on the borough's ancient common seal, believed to date from the earlier 16th century. The seal depicts a stylised pomegranate tree. When the arms were formally granted, the College of Arms expressed the view that the plant had been adopted by the town as a symbol of loyalty to
4300-504: The first international gluten free beer festival was held in Chesterfield. The Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA) hosted the event as part of its regular beer festival in the town. The Winding Wheel, hitherto an Odeon Cinema , is a venue for concerts, exhibitions, conferences, dinners, family parties, dances, banquets, wedding receptions, meetings, product launches and lectures. Past notable performers include Bob Geldof , The Proclaimers and Paddy McGuinness . It also hosts performances of
4386-576: The framers of the American Constitution as well. A 1672 letter from Bowne and other Quakers to the Governor of New York explaining their conscientious refusal to contribute funds for the repair of the fort of New York is one of the earliest examples of American Quaker war tax resistance . John Bowne later served in the provincial assembly of New York, dying in Flushing on 20 December 1695. John Bowne's first wife Hannah Feake (or Feke)
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#17327726754244472-524: The largest being at Sheepbridge. Business located on the estate includes SIG plc subsidiary Warren Insulations, Franke Sisons Ltd (founded in 1784 in Sheffield and among the first to manufacture stainless steel kitchen sinks in the 1930s), Rhodes Group and Chesterfield Felt. Between the A61 and Brimington Road, there is a 40-acre (160,000 m ) development site resulting from Arnold Laver relocating to
4558-551: The limestones for building materials and the manufacture of lime (e.g. at Harvey Dale Quarries). The igneous intrusions gave rise to valuable minerals which have been mined (e.g. in the Bonsall area), particularly for lead. A very rare lead halide mineral called Matlockite was first discovered at nearby Bage Mine in the early 1800s, and is named after the town. The route of the River Derwent downstream (south) of Matlock
4644-689: The local Wetherspoons , which was forced to close due to the damages and later reopened as Ostello Lounge, part of the Lounges group, in March 2022. National Rail services run generally hourly each way between Matlock and Derby on the Derwent Valley Line , operated by East Midlands Railway . In 1849, the railway came to Matlock. Matlock railway station was opened on the Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midlands Junction Railway , later
4730-650: The main features of Dale Road are described, starting at Matlock Bridge and then proceeding in a southerly direction until the High Tor Hotel. Matlock is home to Matlock Town Football Club , playing in the Northern Premier League Premier Division at their Causeway Lane ground. Matlock is also home to Matlock and Cromford Meadows Cricket Club playing next to the football ground, and Matlock and District Swimming Club (also known as MAD Swimming) which trained and competed in
4816-575: The nearby old Matlock Lido before it closed in August 2011 with subsequent events transferred to the Arc complex. Matlock Cycling Club has helped to produce a number of national and international status riders including Tim Gould , Olympian Mountain Biker Annie Last and has a popular youth section. Matlock's rugby team play their home matches at nearby Cromford Meadows. They run 3 senior teams and
4902-479: The new doctrine of Quakerism , which was then being actively repressed in most of the English colonies of New England. Accordingly, by 1661, they had relocated to Flushing, Long Island , where a small group of English-speaking Quakers were attempting to practice their faith in defiance of the Dutch governor of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant . In 1662, Bowne was arrested by the New Amsterdam sheriff, Resolved Waldron, under orders of Governor Stuyvesant, for allowing
4988-716: The old bus station on Bakewell Road, making Matlock one of the smallest towns in Britain to have two bus stations. In 2010, Crown Square was updated with the replacement of pavements and street furniture intended to provide a look more appropriate to a conservation area; the old tarmac pavements and traffic island were rebuilt in local sandstone, barriers were replaced with heritage bollards and all street lights replaced. Bakewell Road and Firs Parade were not included in this phase as they are just off Crown Square, and along with Imperial Road they are yet to be redeveloped. Local news and television channels are BBC East Midlands and ITV Central . Television signals can be received from one of
5074-411: The parliamentary constituency of Derbyshire Dales . The MP is currently John Whitby , who was elected in the 2024 General Election . The main physical features of the Matlock area are the hills and watercourses . The height of the town (above mean level) varies from 91m at Causeway Lane (in the valley bottom) to 203m at the top of Wellington Street. Matlock is overlooked by Riber Castle at 260m from
5160-448: The previous borough corporation by letters patent dated 10 November 1955. The blazon of the arms is as follows: Gules a Device representing a Pomegranate Tree as depicted on the ancient Common Seal of the Borough the tree leaved and eradicated proper flowered and fructed Or and for the Crest on a Wreath of the Colours Issuant from a Mural Crown Gules Masoned Or a Mount Vert thereon a Derby Ram passant guardant proper. Supporters : On
5246-446: The previous year. The area beside the library was redeveloped, but retains the old narrow passageways while accommodating small shop units and offices. On 27 June 2007, the Somerfield store in the Precinct was gutted in a fire in which the roof collapsed, a few shoppers suffering minor injuries. The fire reportedly started after a welding torch being used to repair flood damage had been left ignited. It started at 13:10 on 27 June and
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#17327726754245332-405: The railway station. Chesterfield taxis are recognisably black with distinctive white bonnets and boots. The nearest licensed airfield is Netherthorpe Aerodrome , near Worksop in Nottinghamshire , but has only 553 metres of grass runway. Air passengers may use East Midlands , Leeds Bradford , Manchester and Birmingham airports, all within two hours by road. The Chesterfield Canal linked
5418-414: The railway station. In early 2007 building work started and it opened 4 October 2007. A new access road with its own bridge over the River Derwent allows the A6 to bypass the town centre. The old bridge is restricted to one-way traffic (out of town) and allows pedestrian access from the town centre to the train station, a newly built bus station and the supermarket. Several bus routes continue to serve only
5504-477: The road is called Rutland Street. Bank Road has many local landmark buildings along it – from the bottom of the hill (Crown Square) travelling north: NB. Beyond Smedley Street, Bank Road is actually Rutland Street. Dale Road runs all the way from Matlock Bridge (road bridge over the River Derwent) to North Parade in Matlock Bath . It forms part of the Derby to Manchester road ( A6 ) and has very many bends. Dale Road, like Bank Road (see previous section), contains
5590-512: The site is now host to a Tesco supermarket and the Proact Stadium , the home of Chesterfield Football Club . GKN closed its factory and the site is being turned into a business park. Other companies have downsized sharply. Robinson's, makers of paper-based packaging, divested its health-care interests, which led to a marked fall in the workforce and facilities in Chesterfield. Trebor , once based on Brimington Road near Chesterfield railway station , merged with Bassetts sweets of Sheffield,
5676-400: The site of John Bowne's birthplace, Lime Tree Farm. Matlock, Derbyshire Matlock is the county town of Derbyshire , England. It is in the south-eastern part of the Peak District , with the National Park directly to the west. The spa resort of Matlock Bath is immediately south of the town as well as Cromford lying further south still. The civil parish of Matlock Town had
5762-430: The site of the old bus station; it is served by Stagecoach and National Express coaches . Routes connect the town with Bradford, Leeds, Leicester, London and Sheffield. Chesterfield railway station lies on the Midland Main Line . It is served by three train operating companies : Chesterfield once had two other railway stations: The railways crossed each other at Horns Bridge , the Midland Main Line passing over
5848-435: The south by Bakewell Road, is named as Dimple , on the Ordnance Survey map. The Derwent has occasionally flooded, including during November 2019 when large areas of England were affected. This flood in particular claimed one life: that of Matlock's former high sheriff, Annie Hall, who was swept away by the water and subsequently drowned, aged 69. This flood also caused damage to many of Matlock's businesses, including
5934-479: The south-east and by Masson Hill at 339m from the south-west. The first human settlement in the area was in what is now known as Old Matlock or Matlock Green. This was where the Bentley Brook joined the River Derwent. When the town grew in the late 19th century, the town spread up the steep hillsides to the north-east of the narrow valley bottom. Various industries made use of the natural features: The natural features also constrained transport links: The geology of
6020-453: The three local relay transmitters (Matlock, Stanton Moor and Bolehill ). Matlock's local radio stations are BBC Radio Derby on 95.3 FM, Capital Midlands on 102.8 FM and Greatest Hits Radio Yorkshire (formerly Peak FM ) on 102.0 FM. The Matlock Mercury is the town's weekly local newspaper. Karl Philipp Moritz in his Journeys of a German in England in 1782 describes Matlock as follows: Travelling from Matlock Bath and via
6106-477: The top of Bank Road) with a stop halfway up at Smedley Street where Smedley's Hydro (built by John Smedley ) was situated. Conceived by Job Smith, the tram was inspired by San Francisco's famous cable cars and cost £20,000. When it was built, it was the steepest tramway in the world at a gradient of 1 in 5½ and it rose 300 feet (91 m). The fare was tuppence up and one penny down. It closed in 1927, after losing business to cars and buses . Hall Leys Park
6192-454: The town as a free borough , granting the burgesses of Chesterfield the privileges of those of Nottingham and Derby . In 1266, the Battle of Chesterfield saw a band of rebel barons defeated by a royalist army. Elizabeth I granted a charter in either 1594 or 1598, creating a corporation of a mayor, six aldermen, six brethren, and twelve capital burgesses. This remained its charter until
6278-448: The town to a national network of waterways through the 19th century. Overtaken by rail and then road for freight transport, it fell into disuse, but has been partially restored since the mid-20th century for leisure use. However, the section through Chesterfield remains isolated from the rest of the waterway network. Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC Yorkshire and ITV Yorkshire . Television signals are received from
6364-503: The town, large factories and major employers have disappeared or relocated. Markham & Co. manufactured tunnel boring machines such as the one used for the Channel Tunnel . It was bought out by Norway's Kvaerner and later merged with Sheffield-based Davy. Its factory on Hollis Lane is now a housing estate ; the former offices were turned into flats and serviced office suites. Dema Glass's factory near Lockoford Lane closed;
6450-488: The town: Stagecoach East Midlands and Stagecoach Yorkshire are the predominant bus operators in Chesterfield; others include Hulleys of Baslow , Trent Barton and TM Travel . Buses stop in several areas around the town centre, rather than at a central bus station. The Stagecoach depot at Stonegravels is notable for its size and many vehicles stored there are not in regular use; it was Chesterfield Corporation's bus depot. Chesterfield coach station opened in 2005, on
6536-619: The whole of Derbyshire apart from the City of Derby. Matlock is represented by one county councillor (out of 64 councillors in total). The main offices of all three tiers of local government are sited in Matlock. The Town Council is housed in the Imperial Rooms close to the bottom of Bank Road, the District Council is halfway up Bank Road and the County Council is at the top. As regards national democracy, Matlock forms part of
6622-635: Was discovered while the Clay Cross Tunnel was constructed. This and the local ironstone were exploited by Stephenson, who set up a company in Clay Cross to trade in the minerals. During his time in Chesterfield, Stephenson lived at Tapton House , remaining there until his death in 1848. He is interred in Trinity Church. A statue of him was erected outside Chesterfield railway station in 2006. Local government in Chesterfield has
6708-464: Was founded in 1982, when the tripartite education system in Matlock ended, there were two secondary schools in Matlock; Charles White Secondary Modern School (founded in 1956, and named after two local MPs, father and son , the latter of who died in 1956) and Ernest Bailey's Grammar School (founded in 1924 and named after its wealthy founder). As a Grammar school, Bailey's accepted students whose parents paid or who gained scholarships (by passing
6794-402: Was later taken over by Cadbury and relocated to a modern unit at Holmewood business park. The earlier factory site is now developed as part of a mixed residential and commercial site. Manufacturing employment has fallen by a third since 1991, though the proportion of employees in manufacturing is still above the national average. Today, smaller firms are found on several industrial estates,
6880-563: Was not extinguished until 23:30 that day. After the fire, Somerfield decided to cease trading in Chesterfield. The unit re-opened in September 2008 as a Tesco Metro store. Vicar Lane was redeveloped in 2000 as a pedestrianised open-air shopping centre creating two new shopping streets. This meant demolishing almost all of the existing buildings, including a Woolworths branch and a small bus station. It now includes major chains such as H&M and Iceland. The development had been planned in
6966-475: Was opened in 2011 known as Arc Leisure Matlock . It was opened officially by Lord Sebastian Coe . The annual arts festival Matlock Live began takes place in June or July each year featuring local musicians, dancers, artists, etc. As part of the summer event, Matlock Live invites buskers and other street performers to form a busking trail around Matlock raising money for the charity Aquabox . Matlock Music present
7052-423: Was prominently displayed for many years and nicknamed Isaiah by local critics, as it resembled a crude human face with one eye higher than the other ("eye's 'igher"). The work was due to be sold in 2005, but reprieved as a work of national significance. Other artworks of note include A System of Support and Balance by Paul Lewthwaite , outside Chesterfield Magistrates' Court. The town is bisected north-south by
7138-521: Was released, and returned triumphantly home in 1664, Governor Stuyvesant being ordered to extend tolerance to all religious sects. Although New Netherland was soon to become the English colony of New York, the ideal of religious freedom for which John Bowne had stood up was upheld by the province's new rulers, serving as an example for the other English colonies in North America, and ultimately to
7224-652: Was the daughter of Elizabeth Fones. They had 8 children. John Bowne's second wife was Hannah Bickerstaff (married 2 February 1679/1680) and had 6 children (2 died soon after birth). John Bowne's third wife was Mary Cock (married 26 June 1693) and had two children. Bowne's descendants played notable roles in all aspects of life in America, from politics to business and academia. They include: John Bowne High School , PS 20 John Bowne Elementary School , and Bowne Street in Flushing, Queens are named in his honor. Bowne Park
7310-451: Was the site of a meeting between conspirators against James II in 1688. Among those meeting there were the Earl of Danby and Devonshire , marked by ducal crowns round the supporters' necks. The two birds stand on a compartment of rocks and moorland. The motto is "Aspire", a punning reference to the crooked spire of the parish church. In March 2016 the borough council began a bid to join
7396-665: Was used as the town's main library. The museum is owned by Chesterfield Borough Council, as are the Winding Wheel and the Pomegranate Theatre. The box office for both venues is located in the entrance area of the theatre. The Royal Mail building, Future Walk, in West Bars, was once the site of Chetwynd House, referred to locally as the AGD. Here a work by sculptor Barbara Hepworth Curved Reclining Form or Rosewall
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