A concert tour (or simply tour ) is a series of concerts by an artist or group of artists in different cities, countries or locations. Often, concert tours are named to differentiate different tours by the same artist and to associate a specific tour with a particular album or product. Especially in the popular music world, such tours can become large-scale enterprises that last for several months or even years, are seen by hundreds of thousands or millions of people, and bring in millions of dollars in ticket revenues. A performer who embarks on a concert tour is called a touring artist .
65-521: The Joshua Tree Tour was a concert tour by Irish rock band U2 . Staged in support of their 1987 album The Joshua Tree , it comprised 109 shows over three legs, spanning from April to December that year. The first and third legs visited North America, while the second leg toured Europe. Although it featured minimal production like the group's previous tours, the Joshua Tree Tour was the first to involve larger venues in arenas and stadiums as
130-524: A Blood Red Sky video, which was filmed at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in 1983. "We thought lightning might strike twice", said the Edge. Seven songs from the second show were used in the film, none from the first. Hours before the second Denver show, an IRA bomb killed eleven people at a Remembrance Day ceremony in the Northern Irish town of Enniskillen (see Remembrance Day Bombing ). Bono addressed
195-833: A college football game at the stadium was 80,470 for the 1999 Fiesta Bowl , where the Tennessee Volunteers beat the Florida State Seminoles , 23–16 on January 4, 1999, to win the National Championship. Sun Devil Stadium hosted the Fiesta Bowl from 1971 to 2006. During the 1998 and 2002 seasons , the Fiesta Bowl doubled as the BCS National Championship Game . The Cactus Bowl (formerly called
260-848: A new form of theatrical entertainment, a fusion of song, performance art, innovative stage craft, and state-of-the-art technology. She managed to popularize the Las Vegas residency as a desirable way for top artists to essentially tour in place, letting their fans come to them. American singer Lady Gaga , who cancelled the 2018 European leg of her Joanne World Tour , signed for a Las Vegas residency to help manage her fibromyalgia illness, which can be exacerbated by touring. The 2015 study by charity Help Musicians found that over 60% of musicians suffered from depression or other psychological issues, with touring an issue for 71% of respondents. Sun Devil Stadium Mountain America Stadium
325-519: A permanent home, and the Cardinals remained in Tempe for 18 years. In the latter part of that time, the Cardinals began chafing at being merely a tenant in a college-owned stadium; they felt it denied them access to revenue streams that other NFL teams took for granted. The 18 seasons the Cardinals spent at ASU are by far the longest a professional football team has been a tenant in a college stadium since
390-411: A result of the album's breakthrough. Much like U2 did on The Joshua Tree , on tour the group explored social and political concerns, along with American roots and mythology, collaborated with American guest musicians and opening acts such as B. B. King . U2 also recorded new material; these songs and their experiences on tour were depicted on the 1988 album and documentary film Rattle and Hum and on
455-495: A very few dates in the middle of the country. These multiple-night stands also featured an unusual set list twist. All but the last night would begin in conventional concert fashion with the rousing pair of " Where the Streets Have No Name " into " I Will Follow ", but the last night in each city would begin with the house lights fully up and the band performing the early 1960s classic " Stand by Me ", with guitarist
520-485: Is Taylor Swift 's Eras Tour , with $ 2.089 billion earned from 125 shows. In 2024, Coldplay 's Music of the Spheres World Tour became the second tour to gross $ 1 billion in revenue. In third place is Elton John 's Farewell Yellow Brick Road , with a total gross of $ 939 million from 2018–2023. On fourth place is Ed Sheeran 's ÷ Tour , with a gross of $ 776.2 million. On fifth place
585-400: Is U2 's 360° Tour , with $ 736.4 million. Global touring revenue reported to Billboard Boxscore exceeded $ 5.5 billion in 2016. Due to the collapse of record sales in the 21st century, concert tours have become a major source of income for recording artists. Besides the tickets, touring also generates money from the sales of merchandise and meet-and-greet packages. However,
650-443: Is a concert tour intended to signal the retirement of a singer, the disbanding of a band, or the end of a show's run. Many of the tours end up not being the last tour, with frequent regroupings, or revivals of shows. Luciano Pavarotti 's 2004 tour and Kenny Rogers 's 2015–2017 tour are examples of farewell tours which were the last to be staged before their deaths. As of October 2024, the highest-grossing concert tour of all time
715-439: Is a peculiar thing, it doesn't suit me particularly well. I'm a real homebody and I get so much joy in the small things." A concert residency concept is offered as an alternative to performers who just need to stay in one venue and the fans come to see them. The concept has been revitalized in the 21st century by Canadian superstar Céline Dion with the success of her A New Day... residency (2003–2007). Her residency introduced
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#1732771844665780-437: Is a retrospective of her career to that point, where each act of the concert represents one of her albums . In another case, artists embark on a concert tour to celebrate the anniversary of their past albums, such as U2 's 2017 tour to mark the 30th anniversary of The Joshua Tree (1987) and Janet Jackson 's 2019 tour to commemorate the 30th anniversary of Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 (1989). A farewell tour
845-649: Is an outdoor college football stadium in Tempe, Arizona , located on the campus of Arizona State University (ASU). It is the home of the Arizona State Sun Devils football team of the Big 12 Conference . The stadium opened in 1958. The stadium's seating capacity as of 2018 is 53,599, reduced from a peak of 74,865 in 1989. The stadium is officially named Home of the ASU Sun Devils . It
910-493: Is located on the north side of the stadium. The 365 ASU Community Union was created for non-football events, including concerts, movie nights, yoga, and community events. On August 2, 2023, the university announced that Mountain America Credit Union had secured a 15-year naming rights deal for the stadium, which would be renamed "Mountain America Stadium, Home of the ASU Sun Devils". The first game played at
975-458: Is visible at some points during the Rattle and Hum film. The Joshua Tree elevated the group to a new level of popularity; its tour sold out arenas and stadiums around the world, the first time the band had consistently played venues of that size. The Joshua Tree and its singles had become huge hits and the band had reached a new height in their popularity. Songs from the album became staples of
1040-829: The Green Bay Packers played the Denver Broncos in a preseason game. Sun Devil Stadium was the home stadium of the Arizona Wranglers / Outlaws of the USFL from 1983 to 1985. The facility became an NFL stadium in 1988 when the St. Louis Cardinals moved west to Arizona and became the Phoenix Cardinals, renamed the Arizona Cardinals in 1994. The Cardinals' first regular season game in
1105-580: The RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C., so the back half of the stadium could better see the band, and screens were used at most stadium shows for the rest of the tour. Bono sustained a second injury during the Washington concert, falling off the rain-slicked stage and dislocating his arm. He completed the performance and had his arm popped back into place after its conclusion. His arm was in a sling for twelve shows between 22 September and 20 October, which
1170-605: The San Diego area forced the teams to vacate Qualcomm Stadium , which was being used as an evacuation site. Tickets for the game were free and the capacity crowd saw the Dolphins win 26–10. It was the first Monday Night Football game in the stadium in four years. The Cardinals ended their tenancy at Sun Devil Stadium with a 27–21 victory over the Philadelphia Eagles on Christmas Eve 2005. In 18 seasons,
1235-702: The Stadio Flaminio in Rome on 27 May. The final show of the European leg is at Páirc Uí Chaoimh in Cork on 8 August. The third leg returned to American and Canadian arenas and stadiums in the autumn. The tour ended on 20 December back where it started in Tempe, Arizona, but this time at Sun Devil Stadium . On 30 April, the band played the Pontiac Silverdome , their first headlining stadium show in
1300-536: The 2007 video and live album Live from Paris . Territories that this tour missed would later be covered by Rattle and Hum ' s Lovetown Tour . The Joshua Tree Tour and its album were a huge commercial and critical success, continuing to greatly increase U2's popularity. The tour was the highest-grossing North American tour of the year and overall grossed US$ 56 million globally from 3.17 million tickets sold. Songs from The Joshua Tree ultimately became staples of U2's concerts on subsequent tours. Despite
1365-501: The 55,000–60,000 seat range, as well as adding field turf and fabric roof shading. An initial plan to add a roof was later scrapped to control costs. In October 2013, Sun Devil Athletics announced the removal of approximately 5,700 north endzone upper-deck seats to reduce the stadium capacity to 65,870 for the 2014 season. The Cactus Bowl, which had been played in Sun Devil Stadium, was moved to nearby Chase Field in 2016 so
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#17327718446651430-668: The Buffalo Wild Wings, Insight and Copper Bowl) moved to Sun Devil Stadium from Chase Field in 2006, after the Fiesta Bowl relocated to the newly opened State Farm Stadium in Glendale. The first professional football game played in the stadium was a National Football League (NFL) preseason game between the New York Jets and the Minnesota Vikings in 1975. The NFL returned to the stadium in 1987 when
1495-470: The Cardinals compiled a 64–80 (.444) record at the facility, their best home record being 5–3 which they achieved four times: 1994, 1996, 1998, and 2004. Whenever the Cardinals struggled, Sun Devil Stadium was frequently one of the quietest stadiums in the league. Cardinals home games often did not sell out in time for them to be aired locally, in compliance with NFL blackout policy at the time. The few fans who did show up for games were most often rooting for
1560-556: The Edge singing one verse, all intended as a friendly, informal opening. The house lights would then stay up for " Pride (In the Name of Love) ", only going off at the end of it; the rest of the set list would be consequently scrambled from the norm. The new level of fame, exposure and the frantic nature of the tour put U2 under a large amount of stress. They were dissatisfied creatively, and Bono believed they were musically unprepared for their success. Drummer Larry Mullen Jr. said, "We were
1625-733: The Impressions ' " People Get Ready " (during which Bono would invite a fan to play guitar on the song) and numerous Bob Dylan covers including " Maggie's Farm " and " I Shall Be Released ". On 20 April, following a performance of "I Shall Be Released" in Los Angeles, the band surprised the audience by bringing out Dylan himself for a performance of Knockin' on Heaven's Door . During the performance, Bono jokingly said, "I usually make up my own words to Bob Dylan songs. He says he doesn't mind." Dylan replied in kind, saying "I do it too." Bono often would sing excerpts of other songs, notably ones by
1690-624: The Joshua Tree Tour was a minimalistic, austere production, and U2 used this outlet for addressing political and social concerns. One such issue was Arizona Governor Evan Mecham 's canceling the state's observance of Martin Luther King Jr. Day . Throughout the tour, the group continued to explore American roots music: they collaborated with Harlem 's New Voices of Freedom gospel choir and visited Graceland and Sun Studio in Memphis, where they recorded new material. The tour's opening night
1755-474: The Las Vegas show, 1,063 tickets remained unsold, equating to a 99.77% sellout for the 1st American leg. The 79 North American shows on the tour sold 2,035,539 tickets and grossed $ 35.1 million, making it the highest-grossing North American tour of the year. In total, the tour grossed US$ 56 million and sold 3.17 million tickets. This set list is representative of the tour's average setlist as conducted by Setlist.fm, which represents all concerts for
1820-762: The Pogues , the Alarm , the Silencers , Primus , and Lou Reed. On 1 November in Indianapolis , U2 appeared as their own support act, disguised as "the Dalton Brothers", playing between sets by BoDeans and Los Lobos. They were dressed in Western outfits and wigs while Bono spoke with a twangy southern accent. Playing their own country-influenced song, "Lucille", and Leon Payne 's " Lost Highway ", only some of
1885-657: The Rolling Stones and Lou Reed 's " Walk on the Wild Side ", near the end of the song " Bad " as he had done during the Live Aid performance and would do on later tours. U2 covered Ben E. King 's "Stand by Me" at their 25 September show at Philadelphia's old JFK Stadium, accompanied by a guest performance from Bruce Springsteen. The band performed " Christmas (Baby Please Come Home) " at their final concert in Tempe, Arizona on 20 December 1987. The band had recorded
1950-785: The Traffic, Rock and Roll" on the Vaillancourt Fountain in Justin Herman Plaza , which was captured in the film. The act angered some, including then-mayor Dianne Feinstein . At least part of the band's second concert in Fort Worth, Texas was filmed and featured in the film, as the band performed an early version of the then-unreleased song " When Love Comes to Town " with blues performer B.B. King . The band would go on to tour with King on their Lovetown Tour two years later. Colour outdoor concert footage
2015-462: The United States. While the show's reviews were positive, they said that a video screen is necessary for people at the back. U2 production manager, Willie Williams , recalls the debate within the band about the use of screens and whether they would divide the audience's attention between the stage and the screen. A video screen was installed behind the lighting tower at the 20 September show at
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2080-464: The Watchtower " was taken for the film and album. During the performance of "Sunday Bloody Sunday", Bono observed a fan holding a sign with the letters "SF" and "U2" on it. Believing the "SF" in the sign to refer to Sinn Féin , Bono reacted angrily to the fan and the sign, apparently not realizing that the "SF" more likely stood for San Francisco. Also during the performance, Bono spray painted "Stop
2145-476: The audience in the front few rows recognised them. "The Dalton Brothers" also appeared at concerts in Los Angeles and Hampton, Virginia. B.B. King was the opening act for both final shows of the tour on 19 and 20 December at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona, and in Fort Worth same year. On the first North American leg of the tour, the band grossed US$ 7,501,329 from 465,452 tickets sold across 29 shows. For
2210-542: The audience who were dreading another five years of the recently re-elected Prime Minister , Margaret Thatcher . As another sign of the group's confidence, they also covered the Beatles' heretofore untouchable " Helter Skelter ", declaring "This is a song Charles Manson stole from the Beatles; we're stealin' it back." Other notable covers from the tour included Eddie Cochran 's " C'mon Everybody ", Peggy Seeger 's "The Ballad of Springhill", Neil Young 's " Southern Man ",
2275-505: The band's success, lead vocalist Bono suffered injuries on tour and the band were unprepared for their newfound fame and the tour's intensity. Their experiences combined with the polarised reception of Rattle and Hum led them to change their musical direction and image, beginning with Achtung Baby and the Zoo TV Tour . U2 would later embark on anniversary tours of The Joshua Tree three decades later. Like their previous tours,
2340-485: The biggest, but we weren't the best", and for Bono the tour was "one of the worst times of [their] musical life". On the road, the group dealt with death threats, along with injuries that Bono sustained from performing. The band hinted that the stresses of touring led them to enjoy the "rock and roll lifestyle" they previously avoided. At Wembley Stadium in London, Bono sang the Beatles' " Help! ", dedicating it to those in
2405-569: The capacity to 57,722. Seating was added to the south end zone, along with press and sky boxes. A year later, in 1977, the upper tier was completed to bring seating to 70,311. In 1988, 1,700 more seats were added. During that time the Carson Student Athlete Center was added to the south end. The building is the home of the ASU Athletic Department . In 2007, engineers realized the stadium's concrete base
2470-670: The designers had envisioned. Engineers estimated $ 45 million in repairs would be needed to maintain the stadium beyond 2010. Legislation allowed the Arizona Board of Regents to set up a district on ASU property to collect revenue from local businesses. Money from the fee would fund renovation of ASU's athletic facilities, including the stadium. It was estimated the fund would accumulate enough money to begin planning renovations within 2–5 years (2012–2015). In April 2012, Sun Devil Athletics unveiled an estimated $ 300-million plan to renovate Sun Devil Stadium that reduced stadium capacity to
2535-596: The duration of the tour. Concert tour Different segments of longer concert tours are known as "legs". The different legs of a tour are denoted in different ways, dependent on the artist and type of tour, but the most common means of separating legs are dates (especially if there is a long break at some point), countries and/or continents, or different opening acts. In the largest concert tours, it has become more common for different legs to employ separate touring production crews and equipment, local to each geographical region. Concert tours are often administered on
2600-542: The event angrily during the band's performance of Sunday Bloody Sunday , which was included in the film. Bono's reference to the number of people killed in the incident was later edited for the film to reflect the actual number. The band also gave a brief, free performance in San Francisco, California three days later on 11 November, billed as the "Save the Yuppies" concert, from which the performance of " All Along
2665-801: The formation of the American Football League in 1960. The stadium hosted Super Bowl XXX in 1996 as the Cowboys won their fifth Vince Lombardi Trophy , defeating the Pittsburgh Steelers , 27–17 in front of 76,347 spectators. On October 27, 2003, the Monday Night Football game between the San Diego Chargers and Miami Dolphins was moved to Sun Devil Stadium because the Cedar Fire in
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2730-510: The league folded in April 2019. Pope John Paul II visited Phoenix on September 14, 1987, as a part of his whirlwind tour of the United States. In Tempe, he held Mass for 75,000 at Sun Devil Stadium, which had all images and textual mentions of the Sun Devil mascot and nickname removed or covered for the occasion. Sun Devil Stadium has been the setting for a number of films: On television,
2795-434: The local level by concert promoters or by performing arts presenters . Usually, small concert tours are managed by a road manager whereas large concert tours are managed by a tour manager . The main challenge in concert tours is how to move the performance's logistics from one venue to another venue, especially for a transcontinental tour. Tour logistics should be very organized and everything has to happen on time and in
2860-702: The opposite side of the metro area from Tempe (although the Cardinals' training facility is in Tempe). The new stadium also hosts the Fiesta Bowl , and hosted the first stand-alone BCS National Championship Game in January 2007. The stadium was also home to a new professional football team, the Arizona Hotshots . The team began play in February 2019 and was a part of the Alliance of American Football , but
2925-685: The physicality of the stage... and you're overestimating your own physicality. You think you're made of metal and you're not. Cuts and bruises, that's what I remember from The Joshua Tree ." The first leg took place in American indoor arenas during April and May. The first leg finished with 5 concerts at the Brendan Byrne Arena in East Rutherford between 11 and 16 May. The second leg in European arenas and outdoor stadiums ran from late May through to early August, starting at
2990-427: The renovation were HNTB Corp. and Gould Evans. The construction work was handled jointley by Hunt Construction Group and Sundt Construction, Inc. The new scoreboard was the eighth largest in college football at the time of its installation, slightly wider than that of Arizona Stadium , the home of the rival University of Arizona Wildcats football team . The Coca-Cola Sun Deck, a small standing-only concert venue,
3055-430: The renovations could take place. The renovations were originally intended to consist of three phases that would take place between football seasons, thus removing the need for the team to play one or more years at a temporary home venue. Initial plans called for the entire project to be completed in time for the 2017 season, but modifications to the renovation schedule postponed the completion date to 2019. Designers for
3120-474: The right order as planned. Autoweek magazine estimated 30 to 50 trucks were required by Taylor Swift 's The 1989 World Tour to bring all the stage, sound equipment, instruments, props, and clothes. When Beyoncé visited the United Kingdom with her 2016 The Formation World Tour , it took seven Boeing 747 air freighters and a fleet of more than 70 trucks to get her stage set and other gear to
3185-498: The seats and rows of the stadium after every game and event. The 1958 designers had also not foreseen the stadium, designed for limited Saturdays and college events per year in what was then a small market, would become the home of an NFL team, a major college bowl game and multiple concerts by the early 2000s as the Valley 's growth exploded over the ensuing 50 years. This exposed the stadium to more water and overall structural wear than
3250-475: The set, which they were happy to do. At the time, it was explained by their publicists in a press release that it was due to the week of rehearsals the band held at the Activity Center and he had over rehearsed his voice. He had fully regained his voice for the second of the two shows at the arena on 4 April. Bono later said, "I was lost in the music and at the start of any tour you're just getting to know
3315-518: The stadium was a 17–14 loss to the Dallas Cowboys in a Monday Night Football game on September 12, 1988. The Cardinals won their next home game, defeating the defending Super Bowl champion Washington Redskins 30–21. The Cardinals intended to only play in Sun Devil Stadium temporarily until a new stadium could be built in Phoenix. However, the savings and loan crisis derailed plans for
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#17327718446653380-551: The stadium was on October 4, 1958. Arizona State defeated West Texas State 16–13. On September 21, 1996, the playing surface was named "Frank Kush Field" in honor of notable former ASU football coach Frank Kush . That night ASU shut out #1 Nebraska 19–0. Kush became head coach in the same year Sun Devil Stadium opened; reflecting the Sun Devils' rise to prominence under his watch, the stadium's capacity more than doubled during his 21-year tenure. The largest crowd ever seated for
3445-469: The state's residents only live there during the winter and live elsewhere for the rest of the year, and many of Arizona's permanent residents either grew up in other states or have roots outside the state. In 2005, for instance, all home games (except for the 49ers game which was held at Estadio Azteca in Mexico City ) failed to sell out and could not be broadcast on local television. The stadium
3510-401: The tour's set lists , as the group regularly performed eight of the record's eleven tracks, and the only song not to be played was " Red Hill Mining Town ". Tickets for shows were often very hard to get, especially on the first American leg when they only played in arenas. That first leg was also organised around multiple-night stands in centres of U2 fandom along the two U.S. coasts, with only
3575-595: The tour. Lone Justice was still given emphasis in this role, as they had been on the Unforgettable Fire Tour , but it was not enough to give them a successful career. Other openers included the Pretenders , Big Audio Dynamite , UB40 , Little Steven , BoDeans , Mason Ruffner , World Party , Stevie Ray Vaughan , Spear of Destiny , the Waterboys , Hurrah! , Los Lobos , Buckwheat Zydeco ,
3640-499: The touring business suffered in the early 2020s because of the COVID-19 pandemic . Pollstar estimated the total lost revenue for the industry in 2020 at more than $ 30 billion. The mobility of concert tours requires a lot of costs, time, and energy. It is very common for musicians to not see family members for over a year during their touring. British singer Adele expressed her unhappiness of concert tours, saying "Touring
3705-432: The track for the compilation album A Very Special Christmas months earlier on the European leg of their tour. The band filmed and recorded various shows from the tour for the documentary and album Rattle and Hum , directed by Phil Joanou . The band filmed the black-and-white footage at Denver 's McNichols Sports Arena on 7 and 8 November. They chose the city following the success of their Live at Red Rocks: Under
3770-577: The venues. The logistics phase of that tour did not include transportation of the backstage staff, musicians, performers, and the singer herself. The majority of concert tours are part of a promotional campaign to support an album release. Hence, new songs from the respective album are included on its tour's setlist . Some tours are known as "greatest hits tours" or "reunion tour" without any new material or specific album release, such as Fleetwood Mac 's 2009 Unleashed tour and No Doubt 's 2009 Summer Tour . Taylor Swift 's The Eras Tour (2023–2024)
3835-544: The visiting team, creating what amounted to "home games" on the road for many opposing teams, a situation most prevalent with the fans of the Dallas Cowboys , who were in the same division with the Cardinals (the NFC East , an artifact of their former St. Louis home) until the Cardinals moved to the NFC West in the 2002 season and often de facto had a home-field advantage for their yearly road game in Tempe. A percentage of
3900-404: Was 2 April at Arizona State University (ASU)'s Activity Center in Tempe, Arizona . The day before the opening night, frontman Bono fell onto a spotlight he was carrying during a rendition of " Bullet the Blue Sky ", cutting open his chin. Bono had partially lost his voice as a result. He was taken to a hospital and the wound was stitched up. He asked the audience to help him sing the majority of
3965-414: Was buckling due to rusting of structural steel supporting the foundation. Stadium designers had failed to account for the need to waterproof the structure when it was built, assuming that a stadium in the desert would not need hydrophobic concrete . However, they did not take into account that cleaning/maintenance crews for ASU (and later, the Cardinals) would use pressure washers with chemicals, to clean
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#17327718446654030-432: Was named Sun Devil Stadium until 2023. The natural grass playing surface within the stadium was named Frank Kush Field in 1996 in honor of the former coach of the team. The stadium underwent a five-year, $ 304-million renovation that was completed in August 2019. The stadium has hosted two annual college football bowl games : the Fiesta Bowl from 1971 to 2006, and the Cactus Bowl from 2006 to 2015. The stadium
4095-497: Was subject to the Arizona Board of Regents and Tempe's guidelines regarding alcohol sales, as the stadium could not sell beer outside of the skyboxes and occasional test sells in certain stadium sections, and it remained a long-term source of friction between the school and the Cardinals, including disputes over alcohol revenue and advertising as sales were relaxed. In 2006, the Cardinals moved from Sun Devil Stadium to Cardinals Stadium in another Phoenix suburb, Glendale , located on
4160-424: Was taken from the band's Tempe, Arizona shows on 19 and 20 December. The initial plan was that the colour outdoor footage would have been taken during 2 shows in Buenos Aires, but during the tour planning this became impossible due to heavy costs to transport all the equipment. The shows were the final two of the tour, having been held in the same city in which the tour opened. A number of opening acts were used for
4225-425: Was the home of the Phoenix/Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL) from 1988 through the 2005 season , when the Cardinals moved into their own stadium in Glendale . It was the only major football stadium in the Phoenix metropolitan area until the opening of State Farm Stadium . Built in 1958, the stadium's original capacity was 30,000. The first major renovation, in 1976, substantially raised
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