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34-712: The deputy directors of Administration and Construction, 19th and 20th Century Materials, and Special Collections oversee a staff of 283 employees in fourteen different library departments. Jagiellonian Library is one of the largest and most famous libraries in Poland; over its history it has received many donations and inherited many private collections. Its collection contains 1,503,178 volumes of monographs , 557,199 volumes of periodicals , 104,012 early printed books, 3,586 incunabula , 24,258 manuscripts , 12,819 maps , 35,105 music scores , and 77,336 microforms . Among its music scores are many of Mozart 's original autographs. “It

68-450: A broader meaning: a non-serial publication complete in one volume (book) or a definite number of books. Thus it differs from a serial or periodical publication such as a magazine , academic journal , or newspaper . In this context only, books such as novels are considered monographs. In biological taxonomy , a monograph is a comprehensive treatment of a taxon in written form. Monographs typically review all known species within

102-503: A group, add any newly discovered species, and collect and synthesize available information on the ecological associations, geographic distributions, and morphological variations within the group. The first-ever monograph of a plant taxon was Robert Morison 's 1672 Plantarum Umbelliferarum Distributio Nova , a treatment of the Apiaceae . Book publishers use the term "artist monograph" or "art monograph" to indicate books dealing with

136-420: A single artist, as opposed to broader surveys of art subjects. The term monograph is also used for audiovisual or film documentary-type representations of a subject, often creatively expressed. The term "monographic film" has also been used for short fiction or animated films. Video or film essays on a single topic are also referred to as monographs. IndyVinyl , by Scottish film academic Ian Garwood,

170-517: A work on one (usually scholarly) subject, or one aspect of a subject, often created by a single author or artist. Traditionally it is in written form and published as a book, but it may be an artwork, audiovisual work, or exhibition made up of visual artworks . In library cataloguing , the word has a specific and broader meaning, while in the United States, the Food and Drug Administration uses

204-569: Is a monographic research project focused on "vinyl records in American independent cinema between 1987 and 2018". It includes an 8,000-word peer-reviewed academic book chapter; video compilations; "critical montages "; and a series of social media posts, all curated on a website. Garwood has written that his project is "an attempt to produce a research output equivalent to an academic monograph, but incorporating video-based forms of criticism that have been popularised through online film culture". In

238-716: Is considered the first education ministry in European history and an important achievement of the Polish Enlightenment . The chief reason behind its creation was that in Poland and Lithuania , the Jesuits ran an extensive system of educational institutions. Although the Jesuit schools were fairly efficient and provided the Polish youth with a good education, they were also very conservative . In addition, in 1773

272-483: Is presented at length, distinguishing a monograph from an article. For these reasons, publication of a monograph is commonly regarded as vital for career progression in many academic disciplines. Intended for other researchers and bought primarily by libraries, monographs are generally published as individual volumes in a short print run . In Britain and the U.S., what differentiates a scholarly monograph from an academic trade title varies by publisher, though generally it

306-426: Is the assumption that the readership has not only specialised or sophisticated knowledge but also professional interest in the subject of the work. A written monograph is usually a specialist book on one topic, although its meaning has been broadened to include any works which are not reference works and which may be written by one or more authors, or an edited collection. In library cataloguing , monograph has

340-745: The Austrian Partition . Soon afterwards Hugo Kołłątaj prepared a three-level-based education plan: Since all prior education in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was conducted mostly in Latin , the KEN faced the problem of an almost complete lack of books and manuals. To cope with the problem the Society of Elementary Books ( Towarzystwo Ksiąg Elementarnych ) was, therefore, established. The society sponsored competitions for creating

374-656: The Coronation Mass , Bastien und Bastienne , Die Entführung aus dem Serail (acts I and III), Le nozze di Figaro (acts III and IV), Così fan tutte (act I) and two numbers from act I of La clemenza di Tito . The beginning of the Jagiellonian Library is traditionally considered the same as that of the entire university (then known as Cracow Academy ) - in the year 1364; however instead of having one central library it had several smaller branches at buildings of various departments (the largest collection

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408-649: The Pope decided to close down the Jesuit order ( Dominus ac Redemptor ). This threatened a complete breakdown of education in the Commonwealth. One of the first items on the parliamentary agenda of the Partition Sejm (1773–1775), which acceded to the First Partition of Poland , was the assessment in how to best use the former Jesuit property and declaration of a firm intention to the continuity of

442-474: The 19th century that the university and therefore library was dubbed, “Jagiellonian” after the Jagiellonian dynasty . Since the 1990s, the library's collection is increasingly digital . The current building of the library located at Al. Mickiewicza 22 was constructed in the years 1931-1939 and expanded twice, in the years 1961-1963 and 1995–2001. In the 1990s, a number of priceless books were stolen from

476-620: The 19th century, from Adam Mickiewicz to Bolesław Prus and from the Lwów School of Mathematics to the Lwów–Warsaw School of History . The Guidebook to Chemistry , by Jędrzej Śniadecki , remained in use in the Polish schools well beyond the 1930s. It is often argued, with quite some force, that because of the efforts of the Commission of National Education, the Polish language and culture did not disappear into oblivion, during

510-427: The KEN lost control over most of the schools in the Commonwealth and many of its members were banished or had to defect abroad. This included Hugo Kołłątaj himself, who had to escape to Dresden . The process of dissolving the Commonwealth was completed in 1795, with its territory being ceded to Russia, Prussia and Austria. Although the commission had only functioned for around 20 years, it managed to completely change

544-668: The Polish Sejm gradually started to lose their influence. Similarly, the KEN was deprived of many of its former privileges. During the Sejm Wielki the Reformers had to sacrifice many of those privileges to gain support for the strongly reformist Constitution of May the 3rd which aimed to strengthen the country against further partition in 1791. Ultimately, after the victory of the Confederation of Targowica , in 1794,

578-682: The Sejm, half of them representing the eastern "counties" voivodships of the Commonwealth (from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ). The first head of the KEN was Prince Bishop Michał Jerzy Poniatowski . Although the other members were mostly magnate politicians, the main founders of the body were the prominent writers and scientists of the epoch: Franciszek Bieliński , Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz , Feliks Oraczewski , Andrzej Gawroński , Dawid Pilchowski , Hieronim Stroynowski and Grzegorz Piramowicz . They were joined by Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours ,

612-497: The best textbooks. The scientists—working on the new Polish language textbooks—had, at times, to come up with the necessary vocabulary entries. Much of the vocabulary they invented (in relation to chemistry, physics, mathematics or grammar) is still in use up to this day. The commission also devised several documents, outlining the whole educational process. However, several of the new principles were considered too novel for that age, and were often ignored. These included, inter alia,

646-642: The context of Food and Drug Administration regulation, monographs represent published standards by which the use of one or more substances is automatically authorized. For example, the following is an excerpt from the Federal Register : "The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule in the form of a final monograph establishing conditions under which over-the-counter (OTC) sunscreen drug products are generally recognized as safe and effective and not misbranded as part of FDA's ongoing review of OTC drug products." Such usage has given rise to

680-451: The education system. The commission was formally created on October 14, 1773. It was one of the newly set-up "Grand Commissions"; organisations with the status of a ministry , albeit with a collegiate structure. Its main mastermind and chief figure was a Catholic priest, Hugo Kołłątaj ; other notable supporters included Ignacy Potocki and Adam K. Czartoryski . Initially, the governing body consisted of four senators and four members of

714-538: The library continued to grow thanks to the support of such people as Jerzy Samuel Bandtkie , Karol Józef Teofil Estreicher and Karol Estreicher . Its collections were made public in 1812. Since 1932, it has had the right to receive a copy of any book issued by Polish publishers within Poland. In 1940, the library finally obtained a new building of its own. During the Second World War , library workers cooperated with underground universities . It wasn't until

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748-556: The library, presumably in order to be sold in the West . One of the worst such outbreaks in Poland was made public in April 1999. It included the theft of works by Galileo Galilei , Johannes Kepler and Bessarion . Some were recovered from an auction in the German auction house Reiss&Sohn. It remains unclear who was behind the operation. Monograph A monograph is generally

782-468: The other four between 1515 and 1518. This helped not only rebuild the library, but purchase more acquisitions as well. After 1775, during the reforms of Komisja Edukacji Narodowej , which established the first Ministry of Education in the world, various small libraries of the university were formally centralized into one public collection in Collegium Maius. During the partitions of Poland ,

816-665: The principle of 'equality of both sexes' in education. In 1780, the Opposition refused to sign the Statute on Elementary Schools (which was drafted by Kołłątaj). In 1774 the commission took over the Załuski Library . After the formative period, during which the prerogatives of the commission were established, the KEN started to convert schools to the new model. The three universities in Warsaw , Vilnius and Kraków were granted

850-462: The right of curatorship over schools of lower degree. This included the schools which remained under the influence of the Roman Church. Gradually, the teachers, who were frequently former Jesuit priests, were exchanged for young lay teachers - graduates of the three academies. Thanks to this move, the opposition inside the local schools was finally broken. After 1789 the supporters of reforms in

884-553: The schools created and supervised by the KEN, gave rise to the most prominent personalities of the Polish uprisings and of politics in Central Europe in the 19th century. In addition, the 27 elementary textbooks and manuals, published by the commission, laid the foundations for the Polish language terminology in chemistry, physics, logics, grammar and mathematics. They were used by all prominent Polish scientists and authors of

918-553: The schools, and many palaces and Church-owned villages. Due to this fact, the commission had not only benefited from the necessary infrastructure, but also had its own profit-yielding farms. The commission supervised two universities ( Jagiellonian University in Kraków and Vilnius University in Vilnius ), 74 secondary schools and about 1600 parish schools. The third university in the Commonwealth, Lwów University , had been lost to

952-623: The secretary of the king of Poland (and father of the founder of the DuPont company). Despite the fact that, initially, the KEN had to face a strong opposition in the Sejm , it was supported by both the monarch and the Familia party, which accorded it almost complete independence in management of its affairs. In 1773 the KEN was granted much of the former property of the Jesuit order, including all

986-474: The shape of education in Poland. The Enlightenment -based school programmes and books influenced the whole generation of Poles. Also, although education was still far from being universal, it became accessible to a much wider group of people, including peasants. Thousands of teachers—trained in lay teachers' seminaries—became the backbone of Polish science during the Partitions and the generation, educated in

1020-539: The term to mean a set of published standards. The English term monograph is derived from modern Latin monographia , which has its root in Greek . In the English word, mono- means ' single ' and -graph means ' something written ' . Unlike a textbook , which surveys the state of knowledge in a field, the main purpose of a monograph is to present primary research and original scholarship. This research

1054-582: The use of the word monograph as a verb, as in "this substance has been monographed by the FDA". Komisja Edukacji Narodowej The Commission of National Education ( Polish : Komisja Edukacji Narodowej , KEN ; Lithuanian : Edukacinė komisija ) was the central educational authority in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , created by the Sejm and King Stanisław II August on October 14, 1773. Because of its vast authority and autonomy, it

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1088-527: Was growing at a rapid pace without the funds for more space until in 1492, a major part of the Collegium Maius (the academy's library) was destroyed in a fire. This prompted a need to rebuild the library, but the academy did not want to finance it. Instead, the poor faculty members decided to fund the project themselves. A contract was struck with a building crew, but financial issues still presented an obstacle, until chests of money were excavated during construction. A total of five chests were found, one in 1494, and

1122-557: Was in Collegium Maius , where works related to theology and liberal arts were kept). “In 1399 a generous endowment to the Academy made by King Wladislaw Jagiello and his consort Jadwiga made possible the reorganization of the Academy into a centralized institution of learning with a library.” (p 95) Queen Jadwiga championed the library and bequeathed much of her wealth to help the university flourish in 1400. The library

1156-937: Was not until 1869 when the donation of Leon Rogalski from Warsaw became the foundation of a separate section of musical notes.” (para 1) Notable rare manuscripts and books owned by the library include: The library possess one of the most prominent collections of music autographs by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , which includes among others piano concertos K. 246 , K. 271 , K. 413 , K. 414 , K. 415 , K. 449 , K. 451 , K. 453 , Rondo for Piano and Orchestra, K 382 , Concerto for 3 Pianos, K. 242 , Concerto for 2 Pianos, K. 365 , Concerto for Flute and Harp, K. 299 , horn concertos K. 417 and 412 , piano sonatas K. 279 , 280 , 281 , 282 , 283 , 284 and 330 , piano trios K. 254 , 542 , and 564 , string quartets K. 80 , 169, 171 and 173 , String Quintet, K. 516 , Flute Quartet K. 285 , Divertimento K. 287 , symphonies 16 , 38 and 39 , Exsultate, jubilate , Vesperae solennes de confessore ,

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